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1

Hafsham, R., M. S. Salwani, H. Mas-Ayu, and Rosdi Daud. "Flexural Performance of the Heat-Treated Boron Alloyed Steel." Materials Science Forum 909 (November 2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.909.21.

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Boron alloyed steels, especially 22MnB5, have been the point of focus for the materials choice in hot stamping. Objective of this project is to analyze the effect of heat treatment on its flexural performance. In this paper, five conditions of boron steels are analyzed. Specimens consist of the as-received (A), hot pressed (H) and quenched boron steel (QA,QWR, QWC). Flexural test was conducted to give more evidence on the flexural strength of the boron steel based on their process of heat treatment. Result show that Boron steel 22MnB5 undergone quenching process by using water at room temperat
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2

Wei, Ao Ran, Hong Wei Liu, and Jing Fan Chen. "Microstructure and Mechanical Property of 22MnB5 High-Strength Steel." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.644.

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We have mental heat treatment for 22MnB5 steel with seven different experimental schemes and have mechanical property test on the seven steels. Then the microstructure and mechanical property of treated steels are studied, and the results show that 300°C is the optimum preservation temperature, at which we can get the optimum specific elongation of 22MnB5 steel. The tensile strength of steel thermal insulated at 300°C for 3 minutes is better than that of steel tempered at 300°C for 3 minutes, while as for specific elongation , the latter one is better. And we can also get homogeneous lath mart
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3

Mori, Ken-ichiro, Yasutaka Suzuki, Daisuke Yokoo, Michiya Nishikata, and Yohei Abe. "Steel sheets partnered with quenchable sheet in hot stamping of tailor-welded blanks and its application to separation prevention of fractured components." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 111, no. 3-4 (2020): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06100-4.

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Abstract The phase transformation and mechanical properties of non-quenchable steels partnered with the quenchable boron steel in hot stamping of tailor-welded blanks were evaluated to produce tailored components with partially balanced strength and ductility. The effect of the forming start temperature after natural air cooling on the phase transformation and mechanical properties for 270 MPa mild steel, non-quenchable steel, 440 MPa high strength steel, and 22MnB5 steel sheets was examined, and the 270 MPa and non-quenchable sheets had enough ductility after hot stamping. Tailored components
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4

He, Lian Fang, Guo Qun Zhao, and Hui Ping Li. "Measurement and Analysis of Time-Temperature-Transformation Curves of Boron Steel 22MnB5." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.484.

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Hot stamping of quenchable boron steels is a new and complex forming technology integrating metal hot forming and quenching process. In order to gain the Time – Temperature - Transformation (TTT) curves of 22MnB5, the phase-transformation temperatures of boron steel 22MnB5 are measured by DIL 805A/D quenching and deformation dilatometer. According to the expansion curves of phase-transformation at some constant temperatures, the start and finish temperatures of phase-transformation are calculated by using the expansion method and the tangential method. The types of metallographic phases after
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5

Wang, Chun Yu, Lei Li, Huan Ran Li, Chun Lin Qin, and Hong Yun Zhao. "Effects of Welding Heat Input on 22MnB5 Steel with Hot-Dipping Al Coating." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2574.

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The hot-dipping Al coating was developed on 22MnB5 steel surface. Effects of heat input with different welding parameters were investigated in this paper. It describes an approach to optimum the heat input of Al coating on 22MnB5 steel. The results of optimum heat input show that ~3840J/cm has the best tensile strength, whose corresponding welding parameters are optimum for hot-dipping Al coating steel. The proper hot-dipping time (~2min) of Fe-Al compounds between Fe substrate and Al coatings must be selected (750°C, hot-dipping 2min) in order to decrease the finger-like growth of 22MnB5 stee
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6

Mozgovoy, Sergej, Jens Hardell, and Braham Prakash. "High Temperature Friction and Wear Performance of PVD Coatings under Press Hardening Contact Conditions." Advances in Tribology 2019 (April 17, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4981246.

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Press hardening is widely employed to produce automotive structural and safety components from advanced high-strength steels. This process depends on friction between the forming tools and the work piece. Wear of the forming tools affects the dimensional accuracy of produced components and reduces their service life. It is therefore desirable to reduce wear of forming tools for press hardening applications. One way to achieve this is by applying hard physical vapour deposited (PVD) coatings on the tool. In this work, the tribological behaviour of PVD coated tool-work piece material pairs has b
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7

Osten, Julia, Paul Söllig, Michael Reich, Jan Kalich, Uwe Füssel, and Olaf Kessler. "Softening of High-Strength Steel for Laser Assisted Clinching." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.617.

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The conventional clinching of steels is currently limited to tensile strength less than 800 N/mm2 and to elongation at fracture more than 14 %. To realise the clinching of high-strength steels, the sheet can be heated locally at the joint, to improve ductility. Thereby the material characteristics outside the joint should be maintained. This could be achieved by means of short-time laser heating. The short-time tempering behaviour of press hardened steel 22MnB5 has been analysed. The mechanical properties during a short-time heat treatment were investigated by thermo-mechanical analysis in a d
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8

Kaars, Jonny, Peter Mayr, and Kurt Koppe. "Determining Material Data for Welding Simulation of Presshardened Steel." Metals 8, no. 10 (2018): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8100740.

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In automotive body-in-white production, presshardened 22MnB5 steel is the most widely used ultra-high-strength steel grade. Welding is the most important faying technique for this steel type, as other faying technologies often cannot deliver the same strength-to-cost ratio. In order to conduct precise numerical simulations of the welding process, flow stress curves and thermophysical properties from room temperature up to the melting point are required. Sheet metal parts made out of 22MnB5 are welded in a presshardened, that is, martensitic state. On the contrary, only flow stress curves for s
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9

Lu, Hong Zhou, Shi Qi Zhang, Bian Jian, Hardy Mohrbacher, and Ai Min Guo. "Solutions for Hydrogen-Induced Delayed Fracture in Hot Stamping." Advanced Materials Research 1063 (December 2014): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.32.

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One of the main targets in automotive industry is to reduce the weight of vehicle as well as increase the safety. To accomplish this goal, press-hardening steel and hot stamping parts have been used in car body. However, the possibility of hydrogen-induced delayed fracture (HDF) of hot stamping parts exits, which will decrease the car’s passive safety. A solution has been presented to reduce the sensitivity of HDF and improve hydrogen-induced delayed fracture resistance (HDFR) by Niobium micro-alloying technology. Traditional press-hardening steel 22MnB5 and new steel 22MnBNb2, 22MnBNb5 and 22
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10

Kolaříková, Marie, Ladislav Kolařík, Tomáš Pilvousek, and Jaroslav Petr. "Mechanical Properties of Al-Si Galvanic Coating and its Influence on Resistance Weldability of 22MnB5 Steel." Defect and Diffusion Forum 368 (July 2016): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.368.82.

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Increase of quality and productivity in the same time are the most important in automotive industry. Use of high-strength steel 22MnB5 allows decrease of sheet metal thickness compared to standard steel. Commonly the steel 22MnB5 is welded with laser [1]. Use of this steel for spot resistance welding is not yet fully described. Steel 22MnB5 is coated with Al-Si galvanic coating for increasing high temperature oxidation resistance [2]. During hot stamping and subsequent heat treatment diffusion layer is created between coating and steel. The thickness of this layer is strongly dependent on temp
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11

Wang, Chun Yu, Peng Zhang, Hong Yun Zhao, Fei Han, and Lei Li. "Improving Corrosion Resistance of the Hot-Dip Aluminum Coating on 22MnB5 Steel Surface." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.410.

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Keywords: Hot-Dip Aluminum; Corrosion resistance; Fe-Al Intermetallic alloys Abstract. The hot-dipping Al coating was developed on 22MnB5 steel surface. Effects of corrosion resistance with different dipping time coatings were investigated in this paper. It is describes an approach to improve the corrosion resistance of 22MnB5 steel. The results of the polarization curves show that the dipping 2min coatings have the highest corrosion potential (Ecorr) and the lowest corrosion current (icorr), indicating that this coating is a best corrosion inhibitor. It is similar results with EIS for corrosi
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12

Ribeiro, Robson, Estevão Luiz Romão, Eduardo Luz, José Henrique Gomes, and Sebastião Costa. "Optimization of the Resistance Spot Welding Process of 22MnB5-Galvannealed Steel Using Response Surface Methodology and Global Criterion Method Based on Principal Components Analysis." Metals 10, no. 10 (2020): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101338.

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The 22MnB5-galvannealed steel is extensively used in the hot stamping process to produce car anti-collision structure parts. Furthermore, the resistance spot welding (RSW) is an important process in the automobile industry, especially in body construction, and the 22MnB5-galvannealed steels are a big challenge for the joining methods because their microstructure and mechanical properties are different from those of the conventional steels. In view of this, the present paper aims to optimize the parameters of the RSW process of the 22MnB5-galvannealed steel. Initially, the goal was to remove th
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13

Chen, Meng, Da Sen Bi, Liang Chu, Xian Chen Gao, and Pei Lin Li. "Study on 22MnB5 Steel Microstructure in Hot Forming Progress." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1975.

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Hot forming is a method to make products with ultra high strength steels which typically used in automotive sector. 22MnB5 is one of the most typical hot forming steels. In this paper, hot forming process of 22MnB5 steel is simulated by thermo-mechanical coupled FE software Pam-stamp 2011. Through the simulation the temperature distribution and martensite phase fraction of hot forming part can be obtained. Besides, a hot forming experiment was set up. The tensile strength and Vickers hardness of hot samples which take from the hot formed part are measured. The experimental results indicate tha
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14

Liu, Duo, Hong Yun Zhao, Dong Yan Tang, and Qiang Ma. "Corrosion Behavior Study of 22MnB5 Steel and its Weld Using Electrochemical Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.340.

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Corrosion behaviors of ultra high strength steel 22MnB5 and its weld were studied based on electrochemical method in the present work. Electrochemical measurements such as Tafel polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed to investigate the corrosion mechanisms of 22MnB5 steel and its weld. The testing results indicated the weld metal possessed less corrosion resistance than the base metal, and the main reason for this phenomenon is the microstructure variation of the weld metal.
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15

Jin, Xiao Chun, Yong Shen Xue, Qing Nan Ma, Mei Zhang, and Lin Li. "Investigation on Properties and Microstructure in Hot Stamping Operation of Rear Axle Beams." Advanced Materials Research 1063 (December 2014): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.143.

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In the automotive industry, the hot forming of high strength steels offers the possibility to obtain significant reduction of weight without affecting the structural performances of final products. The main reason of its restricted application in the industry lies however in the lack of basic knowledge about mechanical and microstructural characteristics of sheets at elevated temperature, boundary conditions, and other process parameters. To partially overcome this limitation, this paper presents a research on the material properties of the hot stamping steel 22MnB5. Sheets of boron steel 22Mn
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16

Yan, Bi, Ma Xu, Meng Chen, and Yang Guang. "Numerical Simulation on Thermo-Forming Process of the Ultra High Strength Steel." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1265.

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Thermoforming is a typical method of ultra high strength steel plate’s forming for the automotive industry, where the 22MnB5 sheet is widely used. This article discusses how to simulate the thermoforming process of the 22MnB5 by using the thermal coupling software which is called Pam-stamp 2011. After that, we got the distribution of temperature、thickness and thinning rate of thermoforming parts.
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17

Han, Kun, Qing Shan Li, Mei Zhang, Ren Yu Fu, and Lin Li. "Effect of Physical Simulation Thermal Parameters on Microstructure Transition and Property Variation of Boron Steel." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.919.

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Different physical simulation welding parameters were performed using Gleeble-3500 type thermal simulator to research the effect of thermal cycle on microstructure transition and property variation of boron steel 22MnB5. The peak temperature of welding thermal cycle was set to 1320-870°C, and cooling rates t8/5 to 6s-100s. Then microstructure observation, hardness detection, and impact toughness tests were carried out to clarify the effect of different thermal cycles. The results show that 22MnB5 has good mechanical properties, but the toughness decreases obviously under certain thermal cycles
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18

Liu, Hong Wei, Jing Bo Yu, and Hong Yun Zhao. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 22MnB5 Steel with Different Cooling Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.555.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of 22MnB5 Steel were analysis with different cooling method. The result show that the volume fraction of martensite in 22MnB5 is increased with the rising of cooling speed, the microstructure with air cooling is composed of ferrite and pealite, and the quenched microstructure is 100% martensite with metal die cooling and water cooling, tensile strength increased with the rising of cooling speed. The highest tensile strength is 1569.60MPa with elongation only 2.13% with water cooling method.
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19

SHEHRYAR KHAN, MUHAMMAD, ELLIOT BIRO, YIXIANG ZHOU, and ANDREW MACWAN. "∝-Ferrite Suppression during Fiber Laser Welding of Al-Si Coated 22MnB5 Press-Hardened Steel." Welding Journal 100, no. 6 (2021): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29391/2021.100.018.

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During laser welding of an Al-Si coated 22MnB5 steel to produce tailor-welded blanks, the Al-Si coating mixes into the weld and causes the formation of the lower strength ferrite phase dispersed in an otherwise martensitic matrix. It has been shown that the presence of the ferrite phase is the principal reason for premature failure of hot-stamped laser-welded joints. Currently, the Al-Si coating is removed prior to welding, which can be time consuming. This work showed that adding Ni to the fusion zone of laser welded Al-Si coated 22MnB5 steel by welding through a pure Ni coating of a specifie
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20

Horn, Alexander, and Marion Merklein. "Investigation of the Microstructural Evolution during Hot Stamping of a Carburized Complex Phase Steel by Laser-Ultrasonics." Materials 14, no. 8 (2021): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081836.

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Prior carburization of semi-finished steel sheets is a new process variant in hot stamping to manufacture parts with tailored properties. Compared to conventional hot stamping processes, a complex phase typed steel alloy is used instead of 22MnB5. Yet recent investigations focused on final mechanical properties rather than microstructural mechanisms cause an increase in strength. Thus, the influence of additional carburization on the microstructural evolution during hot stamping of a complex phase steel CP-W®800 is investigated within this work. The phase transformation behavior, as well as th
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21

Deng, Biao, and Hong Liang Yi. "Effects of Initial Material Conditions on the High Temperature Surface Oxidation of Press-Hardening Steels." Advanced Materials Research 1063 (December 2014): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.100.

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The 22MnB5 steel of Wuhan Iron with three early treatment (pickling, cold-rolling and cold-rolled annealing), then high-temperature oxidation, surface morphology and element of the oxide layer were observed after oxidation testing. The result shows that the oxide layer thickness of cold-rolled annealed sheet is maximal, followed by cold rolled sheet, the pickling sheet is minimum; The surface roughness is associated with degree of oxidation; Si and Cr content increase sharply in oxide layer of 22MnB5 steel after annealing, annealing and cold rolling have little effect of Mn content in the oxid
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22

Liu, Hong Wei, Hong Yun Zhao, and Jing Bo Yu. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 22MnB5 Steel with Different Heat Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 1063 (December 2014): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.55.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of 22MnB5 Steel were analysis with different heat treatment experiment. The result show that the martensite lath with water cooling become smaller than that with metal die cooling, The lath martensitic microstructure is disappeared with die cooling & tempered specimen. The tensile strength reaches the highest 1645.34MPa by water cooling, but the plastic strength product is lowest. Q&P and die cooling & tempering process can improve the elongation of 22MnB5 with a small amount of tensile strength decrease. The plastic strength product reaches
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23

Muro, Maider, Garikoitz Artola, Anton Gorriño, and Carlos Angulo. "Wear and Friction Evaluation of Different Tool Steels for Hot Stamping." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3296398.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the durability of tool steels for hot stamping by comparing the wear resistance of three hot work tool steels. Friction and wear behaviours of different tool steels sliding against a 22MnB5 uncoated steel at elevated temperatures were investigated using a high-temperature version of the Optimol SRV reciprocating friction and wear tester at temperatures of 40 and 200°C. Our results show that friction decreased with increasing temperature, whereas wear of the tool steel increased with temperature for the second and the third tested tool steels. The slightly
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24

Gracia-Escosa, Elena, Ignacio García, Juan J. de Damborenea, and Ana Conde. "Friction and wear behaviour of tool steels sliding against 22MnB5 steel." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 6, no. 3 (2017): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2017.04.002.

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25

Guo, Run Qing, Liang Ying, Ping Hu, Wei Guo, Xiao Qiang Han, and Zhao Huan Meng. "Experimental Study on Hot Bending of 22MnB5 Steel." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.66.

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Special V-shaped heat bending test was designed for 22MnB5 hot forming steel of different thicknesses. Blanks after heating 5 min at around 950°C to austenize fully were bended at different temperature conditions, and simultaneously the spring-back behavior and microstructure features of heat bending specimens were investigated. The result shows that 600-650°C temperature zone is optimal for bending forming and martensite texture transforming. Real hot forming anti-collision beams were produced at 600-650°C and comparison bending test was conducted to reveal more qualified mechanics at this te
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26

Geiger, Manfred, Marion Merklein, and Cornelia Hoff. "Basic Investigations on the Hot Stamping Steel 22MnB5." Advanced Materials Research 6-8 (May 2005): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.6-8.795.

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Basic research concerning the material properties of the hot stamping steel 22MnB5 has been carried out. A survey is given about the as-delivered conditions with hardness tests, micrographs and flow curves. The process window of the austenitization time, before hot stamping can take place, is defined by austenitization tests. Also a new experimental set-up to detect the cooling rate in dependency on the contact pressure is presented. In addition to that the cooling experiments were simulated with ABAQUS and the heat transfer coefficient for each contact pressure is determined by inverse modeli
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27

Zhang, M., Z. Wan, and L. Li. "Transformation Characteristics and Properties of B Steel 22MnB5." Materials Today: Proceedings 2 (2015): S697—S700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.378.

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28

Siltanen, Jukka, Ari Minkkinen, and Sanna Järn. "Laser Welding of Coated Press-hardened Steel 22MnB5." Physics Procedia 89 (2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2017.08.024.

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29

Okayasu, Mitsuhiro, and Takafumi Fujiwara. "Hydrogen embrittlement characteristics of hot-stamped 22MnB5 steel." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 37 (2021): 19657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.03.092.

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30

Zhang, Mei, Qing Shan Li, Kun Han, et al. "Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagram and Properties of Hot Forming Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.585.

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Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram of steel 22MnB5 was studied using dilatometer method. The influence of the hot forming process parameters, such as the heating temperature and holding time on the mechanical properties and microstructure of stamped parts was analyzed by tensile tests and the metallographic observation on the parts with various processing parameters. The microstructural evolution obtained from the dilatometer samples reveals that the cooling rates not smaller than 20K/s induced fully martensitic microstructure. As the cooling rate decreasing, more ferrite and pear
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31

Cheng, Ming, Hong Wu Song, Xin Li, Shi Hong Zhang, Ming Cheng, and Tao Lin. "Effects of Quenching and Partitioning Process on Mechanical Properties of a Hot-Stamping Steel." Materials Science Forum 788 (April 2014): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.788.340.

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As a novel heat treatment process, Q&P (quenching and partitioning) process can be applied to enhance the ductility of steels. In this paper, the effects of different parameters of Q&P process (such as quenching temperature, partitioning temperature and partitioning time) on mechanical properties and microstructure of 22MnB5 steel was investigated. Analysis demonstrated that austenite can be stabilized via Q&P process and the volume fraction of retained austenite increases with the partitioning temperature and the partitioning time. The mechanical properties of the steel can be con
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32

Wang, Li Jun, and Chun Ming Liu. "Martensitic Stainless Steel as Alternative for Hot Stamping Steel with High Product of Strength and Ductility." Advanced Materials Research 1063 (December 2014): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.37.

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Though more and more structural and safety automobile components are manufactured using hot stamping technology for the advantage of excellent shape accuracy while producing ultra high strength parts without any springback.Fewer hot stamping steels are developed except 22MnB5 steel, which exhibits ultra-high strength but limited ductility. Inspired by the application of quenching and partitioning C-Mn-Si steel, the microstructure and properties of a 30Cr13 steel subjected to quenching and partitioning treatment were studied to evaluate the possibility of martensitic stainless steel as alternat
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33

Mu, Yanhong, Baoyu Wang, Mingdong Huang, Jing Zhou, and Xuetao Li. "Investigation on tribological characteristics of boron steel 22MnB5–tool steel H13 tribopair at high temperature." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 2 (2016): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650116650818.

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In the background that the quenchable boron steels have been widely used to manufacture body-in-white by hot stamping because of its ultra-high strength, the understanding of frictional characteristics of the boron steel–tool steel tribopair at high temperature should be deepened. In this work, the friction behaviors of the tool steel H13 against the boron steel 22MnB5 were investigated at different temperatures, sliding velocities, contact pressures, and lubrication conditions by ring-on-disc sliding testing. The tribological characteristics were analyzed through scanning electron microscope
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34

Yao, Sheng Jie, Lei Sun, Hai Hui Zhu, and Guo Dong Wang. "Microstructure Evolution Behavior of 22MnB5 Pickling Plate during Double Cold Reduction and Rapid Heating Process." Advanced Materials Research 1063 (December 2014): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.47.

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The microstructure evolution during rapid induction heating process of 22MnB5 steel after double cold rolling was investigated, and the effects of deformation, heating temperature and heating rate on austenitic grain size and micro-hardness of quenched samples were discussed. The results show that the austenite begins to when heated to 850 °C and the austenite grains grow significantly when heated to 950 °C during rapid induction heating process. With the deformation increasing, the austenite grain size decreases, and the austenite grain refinement weakened when the deformation increases to a
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35

Jia Jin, 贾进, 杨尚磊 Yang Shanglei, 倪维源 Ni Weiyuan, 白建颖 Bai Jianying, and 丁波 Ding Bo. "Microstructure and Properties of Fiber Laser Welded Joints of Motor Ultrahigh-Strength Steel 22MnB5 and 22MnB5-Q235." Chinese Journal of Lasers 41, no. 10 (2014): 1003002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201441.1003002.

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36

He, Lian-fang, Guo-qun Zhao, Hui-ping Li, and Nan Xiang. "Research on mechanical properties of 22MnB5 steel quenched in a steel die." Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) 16, no. 2 (2011): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12204-011-1106-7.

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37

Yu, Hai Yan, Li Bao, You Zhi Deng, and Wei Cao. "Forming Response of Ultra High Strength Steel Sheet to Stamping Speed during Hot Forming." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.123.

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Stamping speed is an important parameter in sheet metal forming especially in hot forming. In this study, hot forming of a U-shaped part made of ultra high strength boron steel (22MnB5) sheet is simulated with solid elements. The mechanical properties of 22MnB5 steel sheet and the key process parameters are introduced in detail. Emphasis is laid on the forming response of the boron steel sheet to stamping speeds of 3.25m/s, 0.325m/s and 0.0325m/s. The mechanism of stamping speed acting on hot formability and temperature field of the stamped part is analyzed. It is demonstrated that stamping sp
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38

Choi, Won Seok, and Bruno C. De Cooman. "Characterization of the Bendability of Press-Hardened 22MnB5 Steel." steel research international 85, no. 5 (2014): 824–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201300276.

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Fei, Wei-Jie, Hua-Guan Li, Xuan Li, et al. "Flow behaviors of 22MnB5 steel at a high temperature." Materials Research Express 6, no. 7 (2019): 076527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab131d.

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Di Ciano, M., N. Field, M. A. Wells, and K. J. Daun. "Development of an Austenitization Kinetics Model for 22MnB5 Steel." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 27, no. 4 (2018): 1792–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3262-5.

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Tian, Peng, Wen Liang, Zhennan Cui, et al. "Study on Microstructure and Properties of a New Warm-Stamped Niobium-Alloyed Steel." Metals 9, no. 7 (2019): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9070765.

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The warm stamping technology is a promising technology to meet the needs of car weight reduction and energy conservation. In order to compare with the mechanical properties of the traditional hot-stamped boron-alloyed steel 22MnB5, a new warm-stamped niobium-alloyed steel 22Mn3SiNb was designed and tested. The optimal heating parameters for warm forming process were explored through mechanical tests, and the process of their microstructure evolution was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. The experimental
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Demes, Michael, Jan Beuscher, Markus Kühn, and Klaus Dröder. "Influencing Intermetallic Layers of Hot Stamped Steel for Adhesively Bonded Plastic Metal Hybrids." Key Engineering Materials 801 (May 2019): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.801.258.

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Hot stamping of high strength steel parts is an established way to realize today ́s structural lightweight components in car bodies through sheet thickness reduction. The steel typically used for hot stamping is a boron-manganese 22MnB5 steel reaching up to 1,900 MPa in strength. New boron-manganese alloys achieving higher strength are expected to be developed, generating challenges for the manufacturing process by means of formability. Thus, a further reduction of steel thickness resulting in lighter components is not expected. Hybrid lightweight design approaches aim at weight reduction by r
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Li, Jia Yue, Jun Ying Min, Kai Yu Qin, Jian Pin Lin, Fu Qiang Liu, and Lei Chao Liu. "Investigation on the Effects of Sheet Thickness and Deformation Temperature on the Forming Limits of Boron Steel 22MnB5." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 993–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.993.

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To study the effects of temperature and thickness on forming limits of boron steel 22MnB5, Nakajima tests have been performed for the steels with thickness of 1.0mm and 1.4mm at 600°C and 700°C, respectively. The forming limit curve (FLC) of the steel at 700°C is higher than that at 600°C, and the FLC of the steel with 1.4mm is higher than that of the steel with 1.0mm. With increasing the forming temperature, the strain rate sensitive exponent m increases, and it results in a longer Swift’s diffuse instability phase and greater limit strains. The effect of thickness on yield path is different
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Ng, C. H., C. F. Lai, S. N. M. Yahaya, S. Shamsudin, S. N. A. S. Ahmad, and F. Sharrifuddin. "Effect of initial blank temperature in hot press forming towards 22MnB5 springback failure." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 13, no. 2 (2019): 5137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.2.2019.25.0422.

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The springback failure of ultra-high strength boron steel (22MnB5) in hot press forming (HPF) process was characterized under bending and membrane conditions. Hot press forming for U–shaped parts with ultra-high strength boron steel were experimented and simulated to study the effect of initial blank temperatures on springback failure in the automotive industry. The results specify the various preheated temperature of 22MnB5 blank effect toward springback occurrences with reference to hot press forming dies design. ANSYS Workbench was used to verify finite element (FE) simulations of the proce
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Zhou, Jing, Baoyu Wang, and Mingdong Huang. "Two constitutive descriptions of boron steel 22MnB5 at high temperature." Materials & Design 63 (November 2014): 738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.07.008.

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Hu, Kuanhui, Shizheng Zhou, Rongdong Han, Jun Gao, and Yi Yang. "Microstructure Evolution and Simulation in 22MnB5 Steel during Hot Stamping." Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 06, no. 08 (2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msce.2018.68002.

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Zhu, Li-juan, Zheng-wei Gu, Hong Xu, Yi Lü, and Jiang Chao. "Modeling of Microstructure Evolution in 22MnB5 Steel during Hot Stamping." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 21, no. 2 (2014): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(14)60030-3.

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Sarawagi, Veerangana, Sudhanshu Narkhede, Amarjeet Kumar Singh, and K. Narasimhan. "Formability studies on 22MnB5 steel during hot stamping process conditions." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 418 (September 21, 2018): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/418/1/012011.

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Min, Junying, Jianping Lin, Jiayue Li, and Wenhua Bao. "Investigation on hot forming limits of high strength steel 22MnB5." Computational Materials Science 49, no. 2 (2010): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2010.05.018.

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Liu, Yue Hua, Hui Ping Yu, Wei Wei Wang, Xiao Yang Li, and Shu Jun Chen. "Experimental Research on Tensile-Shear Behavior of Spot-Welded Lap Joints of Ultra-High Strength Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1720–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1720.

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The ultra-high strength quenched 22MnB5 steel is researched in this paper, the intermediate frequency inverter & electric servo welding gun system is used to weld the sheets, experiments included of tensile-shear with synchronous electrical testing, microstructure of the material and fractures analysis and the Vickers-Hardness testing. The results point out that the maximum hardness is located at weld nugget, and the minimum hardness is appeared in heat affected zone (HAZ). Fracture is formed under the combined effects of shear stress and normal stress, the shear stress contributes to inte
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