Relevant bibliographies by topics / Steel bars

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Steel bars'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Steel bars"

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Gao, Bing, Bo Wang, and Jian Qi Zou. "Anti-Pulls Out Strength Research on Concretes Component of Low-Alloy Coupled Steels and Cold Rolling Belt Rib Steel Bars." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2537.

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Both Low-alloy Coupled Steels and Cold rolling belt rib steel bars are cold finishing steel bars. In project practice, Anchor ability of Low-alloy Coupled Steels Concrete will higher than cold rolling belt rib steel bars. So, more economical steel bars and cement contents. Through comparative trial about on concretes component of Low-alloy coupled steels and cold rolling belt rib steel bars in this article. Summarizes that anchor ability of Low-alloy coupled steels are depending transverse steel, well, steel bars and concretes has the better joint work ability.
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Gao, Bing, and B. Wang. "Two Kinds of Cold Working Steel Performance Contrast Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.316.

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In project practice, Anchor ability of coupled steel bars concrete will higher than cold rolling belt rib steel bars. So, more economical steel bars and cement contents. Through comparative trial about on concretes component of coupled steels bars and cold rolling belt rib steel bars in this article. Summarizes that anchor ability of Low-alloy coupled steels are depending transverse steel, well, steel bars and concretes has the better joint work ability.
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HU, Ju-Yun, and Won-Kee HONG. "Steel beam–column joint with discontinuous vertical reinforcing bars." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 4 (April 21, 2017): 440–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2016.1210217.

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The authors have previously proposed steel beam–column connections for precast concrete frames. The steel–concrete composite frames combined the advantages of the fast assembly of steel and the low cost of concrete structures. However, when not enough space is available at column–beam joints, steel sections from beams cannot be connected with column brackets. To address this issue, this paper explores the strategy of disconnecting some vertical reinforcing bars at the joints by connecting vertical steel reinforcements to steel plates placed above and below column steels, to provide a load transfer path. Loads from re-bars are transferred to steel plates, column steels, and back to steel plates and re-bars below the column steels. This strategy provided space for beam–column joints of composite frames. Extensive experiments were performed to verify load transfer from re-bars to steel plates above joints and from the steel plates to re-bars below the joint. The flexural load-bearing capacity of a column with a total of 24 vertical re-bars was compared to that of columns with discontinuous re-bars at the joints; the number of discontinuous re-bars at the joint used in the column specimens tested was 0 (0.0%), 4 (16.7%), 12 (50.0%), and 20 (83.3%).
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Blikharskyy, Zinoviy, Jacek Selejdak, Yaroslav Blikharskyy, and Roman Khmil. "Corrosion of Reinforce Bars in RC Constructions." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0036.

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AbstractIn this article presented results of researching corrosion of steel bars in aggressive environment in time under loading. For researching were used special equipment. The experience and research works shown that steel bars in the crack cross-section area can be corrode. With increasing width of crack in re-bars and power of aggressive of environment increased the level of corrosion and decreased time of progress. The level of danger of corrosion in the crack in depend of specialty of steel bars. It is geometry parameters of steel bars and characteristic of corrosive behaviour. The general tendency of the influence of various defects on the strength of steels is widely studied experimentally and theoretically only for geometrically correct stress concentrators. For damages that are irregular in shape, such as corrosion ulcers, significantly less researching in each case must experiment to find their effect on the mechanical properties of steels. In this work the influence of simultaneous action of the aggressive environment and loading on strength of steel re-bars has been described.
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Maruya, T. "Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel Bars and Stainless Steel Bars." Concrete Journal 49, no. 5 (2011): 5_78–5_82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.49.5_78.

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Junior, John K. Quarm, Charles K. Kankam, Prosper Tudagbe-Obuor, Vincent K. Akortia, Emmanuel K. Banini, Evans Biney, Peter K. Adzakey, and Christopher Kofi Dzivenu. "Strength and Deformational Characteristics of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel Bars Locally Produced from Recycled Metal Scrap in Ghana." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 24, no. 12 (April 18, 2023): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v24i12860.

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This study was conducted to examine the structural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with local steel bars available in Ghana. The concrete was prepared from conventional materials of ordinary Portland-limestone cement, pit sand and granitic stones. Steel bars of sizes 12mm, 10mm, and 8mm from different millers used to reinforce the concrete beams were tested to study the stress-strain relationship of the bars. The main reinforcing steel bars in the concrete beams comprised 12mm high tensile and 12mm mild steel bars produced by four different companies. The four companies from which these steel bars were obtained are Ferro Fabric Limited (FFL), United Steel Company (USC), Sentuo Steel Limited (STS) and Fabrimetal (FAB). The specific objectives of this study were to determine the actual strength and sizes of steel bars used to reinforce concrete (steel bars of nominal sizes 12mm, 10mm and 8mm from different millers), to study the stress- strain relationship of the bars, to study the ultimate limit state characteristics of beams reinforced with different bars and to investigate the deformational behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with different bars (i.e., cracking, deflection). Data collected were analyzed using theoretical and experimental approaches. The experimental results confirmed theoretical analysis that indicated that governing failure loads of the beams were due to steel yielding first with the exception of one beam in which the governing failure load was by shear. On average the experimental cracking and failure loads in the beams reinforced with high-yield steel bars were slightly higher than the theoretical loads, while they were observed to be slightly lower in the beams reinforced with mild steel bars. With regard to cracking, the beam reinforced with FFL ribbed mild steel developed the highest number of cracks at failure which represent a very good bonding between steel and concrete as compared to the other companies. Beams reinforced with FAB high-yield steel had the highest failure load as compared to the other steels. It is important to ensure standardization of the rebars in the Ghanaian market such as the size of the bar, the rib spacing, and the rib height through the dissemination of information to stakeholders including structural and material engineering manufacturing companies and contractors.
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Islam, M. A. "Essential Mechanical Properties of Structural Steels for Steel Reinforced Buildings in the Earthquake Sensitive Areas." Journal of Scientific Research 4, no. 1 (December 23, 2011): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i1.7069.

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During earthquake, the ground along with its various natural and manmade structures experiences shaking of various intensities and frequencies depending on the nature of the earthquake. The loading activities caused by earthquakes on various structures are very much cyclic type, which is popularly known as fatigue loading. On the other hand, for modern high-rise buildings a large volume of steel bar is used to reinforce the concrete because of the pioneer role of steel bars embedded inside the concrete for safety of the buildings. In this study various mechanical properties of reinforcing steel bars that are essential to counter balance the earthquake effects have been identified first. At the same time these essential mechanical properties have been defined and studied for most commonly used reinforcing steel bars. For doing this, both the conventional and advanced structural steels were selected. The mechanical properties and fatigue behaviours of these steels have been presented and discussed in this paper. Keywords: Earthquake; High-rise buildings; Reinforcing steel bars; Conventional structural steel; Advanced structural steel.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i1.7069 J. Sci. Res. 4 (1), 51-63 (2012)
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Zhang, Ying Zi, Ying Fang Fan, Hong Nan Li, and Xue Nan Wu. "Study on Evaluation Method of Corroded Reinforcing Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 1184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.1184.

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Corrosion ratio is an important index to study the mechanical deteriorates of the steel bars, which has a significant effect to evaluate the residual bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures. To investigate the mechanical properties of the corroded steel bars, Strain energy loss as corrosion ratio is firstly proposed. Tensile test are conducted on ribbed and plain steels, which are corroded by acceleration corrosion method. Comparing with the weight loss and cross-section loss to describe the effect of corrosion of reinforcing bar, the strain energy loss of reinforcing bars is calculated by Simpson quadrature. Results from this paper and other researchers’ test suggest that the strain energy loss may be a better parameter than weight loss or section loss which to assess the corroded steel bars.
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Chongkai, LI, ZHANG Weiping, GU Xianglin, and HUANG Qinghua. "Probability Distribution of Cross-sectional radius of Corroded Steel Bars in Concrete and Its application." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819904008.

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The impress current method is applied to acquire corroded steel bars embedded in concrete, and three-dimensional(3D) laser scanning techniques are applied on corroded steel bars to obtain the cross-sectional radius of corroded steel bars. Statistical analysis shows that with the increase of corrosion degree, the variation of radius of corroded steel bars increases linearly. For different types of steel bars, plain round steel bars have a larger sensitivity to corrosion than ribbed ones. Original radius of steel bars and mixture proportion of concrete have negligible effect on the variability of radius of corroded steel bars. A normal distribution model is obtained to describe radius data of corroded steel bars. For the convenience of practical application, the indicator, R, which is the ratio of the average to the minimum cross-sectional areas of corroded steel bars, is introduced to quantify the longitudinal variation of the cross-sectional areas. By using Monte-Carlo simulation, the indicator, R, of corroded steel bars are achieved based on the probability distribution of radius. The indicator R can be fitted well by the Gumbel distribution, and the distribution parameters increase linearly with the increases of corrosion degree.
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Gao, Bing, and B. Wang. "Application Research of Coupled Steel Bars Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.97.

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Coupled steel bars is a kind of cold working steels, It was processed by two parallel cold-drawn that’s they are longitudinal reinforcement wedding with short and band cold-drawn that’s low-carbon steel are transverse reinforcement. So, study on its mechanical and technology properties, get suggestion model calculating formulas of crack width and stiffness are presented. The advantages of cooperating between coupled steel bars and concrete have been primarily accepted.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steel bars"

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Zheng, Hang. "Tempcore reinforcing steel : microstructure and mechanical properties." Phd thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8671.

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Wang, X., S. Dong, Ashraf F. Ashour, S. Ding, and B. Han. "Bond behaviors between nano-engineered concrete and steel bars." Elsevier, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18564.

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Yes
This paper investigated the bond characteristics between eight types of nanofillers modified reactive powder concrete (RPC) and plain steel bars, aiming to explore the modifying mechanisms and establish a bond-slip relationship model for nanofillers modified RPC and steel bar interface. The experimental results indicated that the incorporation of nanofillers can increase the bond strength and reduce the slip between RPC and plain steel bars. It was shown that a 2.15 MPa/20.5% of absolute/relative increase in cracking bond strength, a 1.25 MPa/10.3% of absolute/relative increase in ultimate bond strength, a 2.35 MPa/22.4% of absolute/relative increase in residual bond strength, a 0.592 mm/56.5% of absolute/relative reduction in ultimate bond slip, and a 1.779 mm/52.1% of absolute/relative reduction in residual bond slip were the best achieved due to the addition of various nanofillers. The enhancement of nanofillers on RPC-steel bar interface has been mainly attributed to RPC microstructure improvement, optimization of intrinsic compositions, and elimination of defects in the interface, especially the underside near steel bar, due to the nano-core effect of nanofillers enriched in the interface. In addition, the bond-slip relationship of nanofillers modified RPC-steel bar interface can be accurately described by the proposed model considering an initial branch.
The authors would like to thank the funding offered by the National Science Foundation of China (51978127 and 51908103), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT21RC(3)039).
The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 22 Jul 2022.
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García, Taengua Emilio José. "Bond of Reinforcing Bars to Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32952.

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The use of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC hereafter) is becoming more and more common. Building codes and recommendations are gradually including the positive effect of fibers on mechanical properties of concrete. How to take advantage of the higher ductility and energy absorption capacity of SFRC to reduce anchorage lengths when using fibers is not a straightforward issue. Fibers improve bond performance because they confine reinforcement (playing a similar role to that of transverse reinforcement). Their impact on bond performance of concrete is really important in terms of toughness/ductility. The study of previous literature has revealed important points of ongoing discussion regarding different issues, especially the following: a) whether the effect of fibers on bond strength is negligible or not, b) whether the effect of fibers on bond strength is dependent on any other factors such as concrete compressive strength or concrete cover, c) quantifying the effect of fibers on the ductility of bond failure (bond toughness). These issues have defined the objectives of this thesis. A modified version of the Pull Out Test (POT hereafter) has been selected as the most appropriate test for the purposes of this research. The effect of a number of factors on bond stress¿slip curves has been analyzed. The factors considered are: concrete compressive strength (between 30 MPa and 50 MPa), rebar diameter (between 8 mm and 20 mm), concrete cover (between 30 mm and 5 times rebar diameter), fiber content (up to 70 kg/m3), and fiber slenderness and length. The experimental program has been designed relying on the principles of statistical Design Of Experiments. This has allowed to select a reduced number of combinations to be tested without any bias or loss of accuracy. A total of 81 POT specimens have been produced and tested. An accurate model for predicting the mode of bond failure has been developed. It relates splitting probability to the factors considered. It has been proved that increasing fiber content restrains the risk of splitting failure. The favorable effect of fibers when preventing splitting failures has been revealed to be more important for higher concrete compressive strength values. Higher compressive strength values require higher concrete cover/diameter ratios for splitting failure to be prevented. Fiber slenderness and fiber length modify the effect of fiber content on splitting probability and therefore on minimum cover/diameter ratios required to prevent splitting failures. Two charts have been developed for estimating the minimum cover/ diameter ratio required to prevent splitting. Predictive equations have been obtained for estimating bond strength and areas under the bond stress¿slip curve as a function of the factors considered. Increasing fiber content has a slightly positive impact on bond strength, which is mainly determined by concrete compressive strength. On the contrary, fibers have a very important effect on the ductility of bond failure, just as well as concrete cover, as long as no splitting occurs. Multivariate analysis has proved that bond stress corresponding to the onset of slippage behaves independently from the rest of the bond stress¿slip curve. The effect of fibers and concrete compressive strength on bond stress values corresponding to the onset of slips is mainly attributable to their influence on the material mechanical properties. On the contrary, the effect of fibers and concrete cover on the rest of the bond stress¿slip curve is due to their structural role.
García Taengua, EJ. (2013). Bond of Reinforcing Bars to Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32952
TESIS
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Mbewe, Peter Binali Kamowa. "Development of analytical flexural models for steel fibre-reinforced concrete beams with and without steel bars." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18088.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is an increasing demand for the development and use of innovative materials with reduced cost of construction while offering improved structural properties. Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) can be used as a structural material to substitute the conventional reinforcing bars partially or fully. However, there is little or no codified approach on the design procedures for SFRC members in the latest guidelines outlined in the draft 2010 Model code. It is against this background that analytical methods are derived in this study for the determination of the flexural capacity of strain-softening, deflection-hardening SFRC with and without steel reinforcing bars. Models used for the determination of the flexural capacity of SFRC rectangular sections are based on equivalent stress blocks for both compression and tensile stresses. These are derived from an elastic-perfect plastic model for compression and either an elastic-constant post-peak response or Rilem’s multi-linear model for tension, in which strain compatibility and force equilibrium theories are used. By employing the equivalent stress blocks for both tensile and compressive stress states, parameters are defined by converting the actual stress-strain distribution to an equivalent stress block, depending on the ratio of yield (or cracking) strain and post-yield (post-cracking) strains. Due to the simplicity of a drop-down tensile model and a bilinear compression model, these material models are used for the subsequent derivation of the flexural models for both SFRC with and without steel reinforcing bars. An experimental program is designed and executed for model verification. This includes material characterisation experiments for the determination of material model input parameters, and main beam flexural experiments for the determination of the beam bending capacity. An indirect tensile test is used for the characterisation of the tensile behaviour while a four-point bending test is used for beam bending behaviour. Both flexural models for SFRC with and without reinforcing bars have been verified to fairly predict the flexural capacity of the beams. However, the flexural model for SFRC with steel bars offers some challenges as to whether the synergetic effect of using both steel bars and steel fibres should be incorporated at the low fibre volumes as used in the verification exercise. Furthermore, the use of indirect methods to characterise tensile behaviour added some uncertainties in the material model parameters and hence may have affected the predictability of the model. More research on the verification of the models is required to enable the use of a wider concrete strength spectrum for the verification and possible modification of the models. Studies on the model uncertainty may also help determine the reliable safety factor for the use of the model in predicting design strength of beam sections at a prescribed reliability index.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is ‘n groeiende aanvraag na die ontwikkeling en gebruik van innoverende materiale met verminderde konstruksiekoste maar verbeterde strukturele eienskappe. Staalvesel-gewapende beton (SVGB) kan gebruik word as strukturele materiaal om die konvensionele wapeningstawe gedeeltelik of ten volle te vervang. Daar is egter min of geen gekodifiseerde benaderings tot die ontwerpprosedures vir SVGB-dele in die nuutste riglyne uitgestippel in die konsepweergawe van die 2010 Modelkode nie. Dit is teen hierdie agtergrond dat in hierdie studie analitiese metodes afgelei is vir die bepaling van die buigkapasiteit van spanning-versagtende, defleksie-verhardende SVGB met en sonder staalbewapeningstawe. Modelle wat gebruik is vir die bepaling van die buigkapasiteit van SVGB reghoekige snitte is gebaseer op ekwivalente spanningsblokke vir beide druk- en trekspannings. Hierdie is afgelei van ‘n elasties-perfekte plastiese model vir druk en óf ‘n elasties-konstante post-piek respons óf Rilem se multi-lineêre model vir spanning, waarin teorieë vir drukkapasiteit en krag-ewewig gebruik is. Deur die ekwivalente spanningsblokke vir beide trek- en drukspanningstoestande te implementeer, is parameters bepaal deur die werklike verspreiding van spanningsdruk om te wissel na ‘n ekwivalente spanningsblok, afhangend van die verhouding van swig- (of kraak-)spanning en post-swig (post-kraak) spannings. Te wyte aan die eenvoud van ‘n aftrek trekmodel en ‘n bilineêre kompressiemodel, is hierdie materiaalmodelle gebruik vir die daaropvolgende afleiding van die buigingsmodelle vir beide SVGB met en sonder staalbewapeningstawe. ‘n Eksperimentele program vir modelkontrolering is ontwerp en uitgevoer. Dit sluit eksperimente in vir materiaalbeskrywing, om invoerparameters van materiaalmodelle te bepaal, asook eksperimente vir hoofbalkbuigings, om balkbuigingskapasiteit te bepaal. ‘n Indirekte trektoets is gebruik vir die beskrywing van die trekgedrag, terwyl ‘n vierpuntbuigingstoets gebruik is vir balkbuiggedrag. Dit is bewys dat beide buigingsmodelle vir SVGB met en sonder staalbewapeningstawe die buigingskapasiteit van die balke redelik akkuraat kan voorspel. Nietemin, bied die buigingsmodel vir SVGB met staalbewapeningstawe sekere uitdagings: die vraag ontstaan rondom die insluiting van die sinergetiese effek van die gebruik van beide staalstawe en staalvesels met die lae veselvolumes soos gebruik in die kontroleringsoefening. Verder het die gebruik van indirekte metodes om die buigingsgedrag te bepaal, onsekerhede gevoeg by die materiaalmodelparameters en dit mag dus as sulks die voorspelbaarheid van die model beïnvloed. Meer navorsing moet uitgevoer word oor die kontrolering van die modelle sodat ‘n wyer spektrum van betonsterkte gebruik kan word vir die verifikasie en moontlike aanpassing van die modelle. Navorsing oor die wisselvalligheid van die modelle mag ook help om die betroubare veiligheidsfaktor te bepaal vir die model se gebruik in die berekening van ontwerpkrag van balkdele teen ‘n voorgeskrewe betroubaarheidsindeks.
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Nachiappan, Vijayakumar. "Corrosion of high-chromium and conventional steels embedded in concrete." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3195.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 56 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52).
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Wuertz, Augustine F. "Strengthening rectangular beams with NSM steel bars and externally bonded GFRP." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15624.

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Master of Science
Department of Civil Engineering
Hayder Rasheed
The technology of FRP strengthening has matured to a great extent. However, there is always room for performance improvements. In this study, external bonding of GFRP and near surface mounting (NSM) of regular steel bars is combined to improve the behavior, delay the failure, and enhance the economy of the strengthening. E-Glass FRP is selected due to its inexpensive cost and non-conductive properties to shield the NSM steel bars from corrosion. On the other hand, the use of NSM bars gives redundancy against vandalism and environmental deterioration of the GFRP. An experimental program is conducted in which four rectangular cross-section beams are designed, built, and tested in four-point bending. The first beam is tested as a control beam failing at about 12.24 kips. The second beam is strengthened using two #5 steel NSM bars and 1 layer of GFRP, both extending to the support. This beam failed at 31.6 kips. The third beam is strengthened with the same system used for the second beam. However, the NSM steel bars were cut short covering 26% of the shear-span only while the GFRP was extended to the support. This beam failed at 30.7 kips due to reaching the full flexural capacity of the section at the NSM bars cut off point and the shear stress concentration at the steel bar cut off point. The fourth beam was strengthened with same system as the third beam but then submerged in a highly concentrated saline solution for six months and then tested. This beam failed at a maximum applied load of 29.8 kips, which shows that the GFRP sheet provided good corrosion resistance from the saline solution.
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Araba, Almahdi M. A. A. "Behaviour of continuous concrete beams reinforced with hybrid GFRP/steel bars." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16920.

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Song, Mengli. "Effectiveness of steel bars in reinforced masonry walls under concentric compression." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132724/1/Mengli_Song_Thesis.pdf.

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This PhD thesis aims at developing an economical and safe reinforced masonry structural walling system suitable for usage in the heavily loaded lower stories of the multi-storeyed residential or commercial buildings. Through a systematic experimental investigation of more than 50 walls and a finite element modelling incorporating material and geometric nonlinearities, design formulae have been developed and incorporated in the Australian Masonry Design Standard AS3700 (2018). With this significant contribution, the outcomes of this PhD thesis can address some of the recent problems of huge societal costs involving cracked walls in several residential apartments in Australia.
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Abosrra, L. R. "Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete : corrosion of mild steel bars in concrete and its effect on steel-concrete bond strength." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5417.

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This thesis reports on the research outcome of corrosion mechanism and corrosion rate of mild steel in different environments (saline, alkaline solutions and concrete media) using potentiodynamic polarization technique. The study also included the effect of corrosion on bond strength between reinforcing steel and concrete using pull-out test. Corrosion of mild steel and 316L stainless steel with different surface conditions in 1, 3 and 5% saline (NaCl + Distilled water) was investigated. Specimens ground with 200 and 600 grit silicon carbide grinding paper as well as 1μm surface finish (polished with 1μm diamond paste) were tested. In case of mild steel specimens, reduction in surface roughness caused increase in corrosion rate, while in 316L stainless steel corrosion rate decreased as the surface roughness improved. Metallographic examination of corroded specimens confirmed breakdown of passive region due to pitting corrosion. Corrosion of mild steel was also investigated in alkaline solution (saturated calcium hydroxide, pH =12.5) contaminated with 1, 3 and 5% saline. A series of corrosion experiments were also conducted to examine the efficiency of various concentrations of calcium nitrite (CN) on corrosion behaviour of both as-received and polished mild steel in alkaline solution containing 3% saline after 1 hour and 28 days of exposure. Corrosion rate was higher for the as-received than polished mild steel surface under the same testing conditions in NaCl alkaline solution with and without nitrites due to the effect of surface roughness. Morphology investigation of mild steel specimens in alkaline solution ii containing chlorides and nitrites showed localized pits even at nitrite concentration equal to chloride concentration. Corrosion of steel bars embedded in concrete having compressive strengths of 20, 30 and 46MPa was also investigated. The effect of 2 and 4% CN by weight of cement on corrosion behaviour of steel bar in low and high concrete strengths specimens were also studied. All reinforced concrete specimens were immersed in 3% saline solution for three different periods of 1, 7 and 15 days. In order to accelerate the chemical reactions, an external current of 0.4A was applied. Corrosion rate was measured by retrieving electrochemical information from polarization tests. Pull-out tests of reinforced concrete specimens were then conducted to assess the corroded steel/concrete bond characteristics. Experimental results showed that corrosion rate of steel bars and bond strength were dependent on concrete strength, amount of CN and acceleration corrosion period. As concrete strength increased from 20 to 46MPa, corrosion rate of embedded steel decreased. First day of corrosion acceleration showed a slight increase in steel/concrete bond strength, whereas severe corrosion due to 7 and 15 days corrosion acceleration significantly reduced steel/concrete bond strength. Addition of only 2% CN did not give corrosion protection for steel reinforcement in concrete with 20MPa strength at long time of exposure. However, the combination of good quality concrete and addition of CN appear to be a desirable approach to reduce the effect of chloride induced corrosion of steel reinforcement. At less time of exposure, specimens without CN showed higher bond strength in both concrete mixes than those with CN. After 7 days of corrosion acceleration, the higher concentration of CN gave higher bond strength in both concrete mixes. The same trend was observed at 15 days of corrosion acceleration except for the specimen with 20MPa compressive strength and 2% CN which recorded the highest deterioration in bond strength.
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Hayford, Frank. "CLEANLINESS ASSESSMENT OF STEEL BARS PRODUCED FROM A HIGH FREQUENCY INDUCTION FURNACE." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125018.

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To stay competitive in the steel industry, steelmakers are utilizing different production methods to reduce production cost without compromising on the quality of their products. In steelmaking, the production process plays a significant role on the steel cleanliness. Recent increasing demands on the cleanliness level therefore require optimization of production process to meet the requirement. Often, the types and distribution of non-metallic inclusions in steel determines the steel cleanliness. In order to optimize the production process, complete assessment of the non-metallic inclusions in the steel is necessary, leading to implementation of measures to control and/or remove non-metallic inclusions in the steel. The present study was performed to investigate the cleanliness level of steel bars produced from a high frequency induction furnace (HF) route at Uddeholms AB. Experimental studies were carried out and characteristics such as number, composition, size distribution and morphology of non-metallic inclusions were investigated. Total oxygen and total nitrogen content were also measured for indirect assessment. Further, the production operations at the HF were observed and evaluated to determine their influence on the inclusion characteristics. The characteristics obtained were compared with characteristics of inclusions in steel bars produced from an electric arc furnace production (EAF) route at Uddeholms AB and a competitor producer sample. The results showed that the level of cleanliness varies from different production routes and is hence dependent on the process at each production route. The number, maximum and mean size of inclusions were found to be higher in the HF route compared to the other routes. More so, there were differences in the types of oxide inclusions observed from each process route. However, sulphide inclusions exhibit similar characteristics from the different process routes. Further, the compositions of oxide inclusions observed from the HF route were found to be closely related to the steel chemistry. More importantly, the types of inclusions formed in the HF route were found to be sensitively affected by the extent of aluminium and calcium contents in the steel. Thus, the oxide inclusion types in the HF samples could be traced to the extent of different additions and operations such as deoxidation and calcium treatment that were carried out during the steelmaking process.
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Books on the topic "Steel bars"

1

National Association of Corrosion Engineers. Epoxy-coated steel reinforcing bars. Houston: NACE, 1995.

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Institution, British Standards. Hollow steel bars for machining. London: BSI, 1988.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Bar steel: Alloy, carbon and microalloy steels, semifinished, hot rolled bars, cold finished bars, hot rolled deformed and plain concrete reinforcing bars. [Warrendale, PA]: Iron and Steel Society, 1994.

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United States International Trade Commission. Steel concrete reinforcing bars from Turkey. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1996.

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United States International Trade Commission. Steel concrete reinforcing bars from Turkey. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1997.

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Hededahl, P. Field investigation of epoxy-coated reinforcing steel. [Toronto]: Research and Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, 1989.

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International Symposium on Microalloyed Bar and Forging Steels (1990 Hamilton, Ont.). Microalloyed bar and forging steels: Proceedings of the international symposium, August 26-29, 1990, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Montréal: Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1990.

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ACI-ASCE Committee 408. Report on steel reinforcing bars under cyclic loads. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute, 2012.

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Kubissa, Jacek. Zginanie prętów ze stali wstępnie trwale wydłużonej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Politechniki Warszawskiej, 1987.

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Manning, David C. Reflections on steel corrosion in concrete. Downsview, Ont: Research and Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Steel bars"

1

El-Reedy, Mohamed Abdallah. "Controlling Corrosion in Steel Bars." In Steel-Reinforced Concrete Structures, 109–27. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003407058-6.

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Romanazzi, V., M. Leone, M. Aiello, and M. R. Pecce. "Geopolymer Concrete Structures: Bond with Deformed Steel Bars." In RILEM Bookseries, 173–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76551-4_16.

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Shchurov, Evgeniy, and Alexander Tusnin. "Features of Numerical Modeling of CFRP Steel Bars." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 271–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79983-0_25.

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Kim, Seon Jin, Yu Sik Kong, Yeong Sik Kim, and Sang Woo Kwon. "On Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Welded Steel Bars." In Key Engineering Materials, 2831–36. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-978-4.2831.

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Zhang, Jiwen, Wenjie Ge, Hang Dai, and Yongming Tu. "Study on the Flexural Capacity of Concrete Beam Hybrid Reinforced with FRP Bars and Steel Bars." In Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, 304–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17487-2_65.

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Guo, Zhenlei, Zhijie Gao, Zhongjian Duan, and Jiayang Zhang. "Basic Research on Automatic Tying Equipment for Reinforced Steel Skeletons of Precast Shear Walls." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures, 355–63. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_31.

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AbstractIn order to study the parameters of the automatic tying equipment for steel skeletons of precast shear walls, 19 precast-shear-wall projects and 16,036 precast-shear walls have been explored, with the thickness of the steel skeletons being studied according to the specifications and sleeve diameters, and the difference between production with and without edge forms being analyzed. The study displays that the automatic tying equipment for steel skeletons should be able to produce wall panels with a height of 2.5–2.95 m and a width of 0.8–5.9 m; the equipment should be able to produce 6–25 types of reinforcement bars with a diameter of 6–25 mm; the minimum spacing between the steel skeletons produced by the equipment should be 5 mm; the equipment should be able to produce shear-wall skeletons with a thickness of 150–170 mm; in case that the equipment producing the steel skeletons with side forms is more problematic, they should be produced without such edge forms.
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Ghazali, Muhammad Faiz, Lai-Kuan Wong, and John See. "Automatic Detection and Counting of Circular and Rectangular Steel Bars." In 9th International Conference on Robotic, Vision, Signal Processing and Power Applications, 199–207. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1721-6_22.

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Yan, Cheng, and Sidney Mindess. "Bond Between Concrete and Steel Reinforcing Bars Under Impact Loading." In Brittle Matrix Composites 3, 184–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3646-4_20.

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Hamidah, M. S., M. J. Faizal Mohd, M. S. Norhasri Muhd, I. Noorli, and S. Vasagavijayan. "Strain Behaviour of Exposed Steel Reinforcement Bars Using FBG Sensor." In InCIEC 2013, 557–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-02-6_48.

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Marolt, Jakob, Bojan Rupnik, and Tone Lerher. "Stack Shuffling Optimization of Steel Bars by Using Genetic Algorithms." In Advances in Production, Logistics and Traffic, 20–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13535-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Steel bars"

1

Surana, Vipul, and Aniruddha Deshpande. "Stainless Steel Bars as Reinforcement." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.0970.

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Hanji, Takeshi, Kazuo Tateishi, Kenyu Ushida, Naoki Nagamatsu, and Sung-Min Choi. "Low Cycle Fatigue Characteristics of Steel Deformed Bars." In 10th Pacific Structural Steel Conference (PSSC 2013). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-7137-9_177.

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Ayorinde, Emmanuel O., Beverley Morle, and Zhiyang Zheng. "Nondestructive Identification of Steel Bars by Modal Damping Measurements." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0214.

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Abstract This paper addresses the determination of modal vibration parameters for two batches of differently-treated steel reinforcement bars, as a means towards developing a method for easy identification of the state of mechanical goodness of such bars. The parameters measured for each bar are the resonance frequencies and corresponding modal damping loss factors for the first three vibration modes. This was done with the bar mounted in the cantilever mode, with varying free lengths. Inferences were made from the results to show which parameters would be suitable as state identifiers for bar specimens.
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Kadoya, Haruyoshi, Jun Kawaguchi, and Shosuke Morino. "Experimental Study on Strength and Stiffness of Bare Type CFT Column Base with Central Reinforcing Bars." In Fifth International Conference on Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40826(186)13.

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Fernandes, B. "A Method for Imaging Steel Bars Behind a Ferrous Steel Boundary." In QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2184673.

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Zhang, S., and Y. Li. "Evaluating the Corrosion Level of Bare Steel Bars with Pitting Corrosion by DOFS." In 16th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components. CIMNE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/c.dbmc.2023.043.

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Tuominen, Jari, Jonne Näkki, Jarmo Poutala, Juha Miettinen, Tuomo Peltola, Petri Vuoristo, Ilkka Rasehorn, Minhaj Alam, and Alexander Kaplan. "Fatigue properties of laser clad round steel bars." In ICALEO® 2013: 32nd International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5063007.

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""Corrosion Protection Shield of Steel Bars, Due to Steel Fibers in Concrete"." In SP-171: Third CANMET/ACI International Symposium on Advances in Concrete Technology. American Concrete Institute, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/6099.

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Alkaysi, Mouhamed, and Sherif El-Tawil. "Bond between Ultra-High Performance Concrete and Steel Bars." In First International Interactive Symposium on UHPC. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21838/uhpc.2016.88.

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Marius Lucian, Vasilescu. "EXPERIMENTS OF FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF STAINLESS STEEL REINFORCED BARS." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b62/s26.018.

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Reports on the topic "Steel bars"

1

Nema, Arpit, and Jose Restrep. Low Seismic Damage Columns for Accelerated Bridge Construction. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zisp3722.

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This report describes the design, construction, and shaking table response and computation simulation of a Low Seismic-Damage Bridge Bent built using Accelerated Bridge Construction methods. The proposed bent combines precast post-tensioned columns with precast foundation and bent cap to simplify off- and on-site construction burdens and minimize earthquake-induced damage and associated repair costs. Each column consists of reinforced concrete cast inside a cylindrical steel shell, which acts as the formwork, and the confining and shear reinforcement. The column steel shell is engineered to facilitate the formation of a rocking interface for concentrating the deformation demands in the columns, thereby reducing earthquake-induced damage. The precast foundation and bent cap have corrugated-metal-duct lined sockets, where the columns will be placed and grouted on-site to form the column–beam joints. Large inelastic deformation demands in the structure are concentrated at the column–beam interfaces, which are designed to accommodate these demands with minimal structural damage. Longitudinal post-tensioned high-strength steel threaded bars, designed to respond elastically, ensure re-centering behavior. Internal mild steel reinforcing bars, debonded from the concrete at the interfaces, provide energy dissipation and impact mitigation.
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Sriramadasu, Rajeshwara C., Ye Lu, and Sauvik Banerjee. IDENTIFICATION OF PITTING CORROSION IN STEEL BARS AND REBARS EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE USING ULTRASONIC GUIDED WAVES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.163.

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Kurek, Harry, and John Wagner. Development and Demonstration of a High Efficiency, Rapid Heating, Low NOx Alternative to Conventional Heating of Round Steel Shapes, Steel Substrate (Strip) and Coil Box Transfer Bars. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/970839.

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Gombeda, Matthew, Zoe Lallas, and Estevan Rivera Jr. Optimal Approach for Addressing Reinforcement Corrosion for Concrete Bridge Decks in Illinois—Phase II. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-005.

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This report presents the expansion of a previously introduced life-cycle cost calculation framework for concrete bridge decks in Illinois. In addition to the alternative reinforcement options examined in the Illinois Center for Transportation and Illinois Department of Transportation project R27-SP49, two additional reinforcing bar types—stainless steel–clad carbon core and textured epoxy-coated bars—are the main subjects of this study. The results of a comprehensive literature review of these two additional bar options will highlight their cost-benefit characteristics toward optimizing the life span of a concrete bridge deck, most notably trade-offs between often increased upfront material costs and enhanced durability over a design 100-year service life. Additionally, the scope of this study includes the development of a more robust methodology to account for the effect of the relatively high nominal yield strength and corresponding reduced ductility of A1035 bars, one of the alternate reinforcement options examined in R27-SP49. The researchers used a numerical moment-curvature-based analysis methodology to facilitate the development of a design-friendly modified high-strength reinforcement factor that supersedes the nominal yield strength factor proposed in the original version of the life-cycle cost framework. The outcomes of this project and R27-SP49 will collectively expand upon and aim to enhance the effectiveness of the originally proposed life-cycle cost framework. The outcomes will be demonstrated by presenting updated life-cycle costs and via a parametric study of two hypothetical bridge deck examples, each falling into significantly different categories for traffic demands and select performance expectations.
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Andrawes, Bassem, Ernesto Perez Claros, and Zige Zhang. Bond Characteristics and Experimental Behavior of Textured Epoxy-coated Rebars Used in Concrete Bridge Decks. Illinois Center for Transportation, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-001.

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The deterioration of bridge decks is a problem typically associated with the corrosion of the reinforcing steel. This issue was partially controlled during the 1970s with the incorporation of the epoxy-coating protection system. However, research later demonstrated that the smooth surface resulting from the epoxy-coating application reduces most of the friction between the rebar and the surrounding concrete. Consequently, forces acting on the rib faces are reconfigured in such a way that the radial components increase, triggering the early development of cracks. To mitigate both the reduction of bonding and the formation of cracks, the Illinois Department of Transportation proposed a new type of coated bars: textured epoxy-coated (TEC) bars. Over the last few years, different projects have been executed to understand and improve the characteristics of TEC rebars. This report is a continuation of research performed at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign to evaluate the bond behavior of TEC bars. The experimental program starts by characterizing, qualitatively and quantitatively, the roughness of the TEC rebars. Next, their bond-slip interaction embedded in concrete is evaluated through pull-out tests. Finite element models of these tests are developed to validate the behavior observed as the textured reinforcement loses anchorage with concrete. Based on these results, the experimental program then aims to study the impact of the drying shrinkage, temperature change, and flexural demands on two large-scale bridge deck specimens reinforced, individually, with TEC and standard epoxy-coated bars. The results collected from both specimens using digital image correlation and strain gauges are compared to explore the differences exhibited by the traditional and the new type of reinforcement coatings in terms of stress distribution in bridge decks. Finally, given the specialized equipment and time-consuming procedure needed to calculate the roughness parameters of TEC bars, an empirical, weight-based approach is developed as a rapid method for assessing the rebars’ roughness on-site.
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Gombeda, Matthew, Estevan Rivera, and Zoe Lallas. Optimal Approach for Addressing Reinforcement Corrosion for Concrete Bridge Decks in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-005.

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This report presents the results of a comprehensive literature review focusing on corrosion performance of reinforced concrete bridge decks, with a particular emphasis on the relative performance of alternative corrosion-resistant reinforcement types. Examples of alternative corrosion-protection options examined herein include epoxy-coated, galvanized, stainless-steel, and A1035 bars, considering conventional black reinforcing bars as the standard. Based upon the results of the literature review, a framework for determining the optimal reinforcement option for a bridge deck is presented as a function of the properties of each reinforcement type and other factors, such as design service life, location of the bridge, estimated maintenance/repair cycles, and relative costs. Several examples are also provided to demonstrate the procedure for using the framework and its applicability for different bridge types with varying design considerations, such as a congested urban artery and a rural interstate. The literature review findings and the optimal approach framework were crafted for use by bridge design engineers as preliminary guidance when determining the type of reinforcement for a given bridge deck and its corresponding conditions. Furthermore, the approach can also be used by Illinois Department of Transportation officials when deciding whether to invest in higher performing corrosion-protection systems for a given application or for updating current bridge design policies to reflect the latest developments in alternative corrosion-resistant reinforcement options.
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Ko, Yu-Fu, and Jessica Gonzalez. Fiber-Based Seismic Damage and Collapse Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Single-Column Pier-Supported Bridges Using Damage Indices. Mineta Transportation Institute, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2241.

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Near-fault earthquakes can have major effects on transportation systems due to the structural damage they impose on bridges. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the seismic damage of bridges appropriately, and this research focuses on reinforced concrete (RC) bridges. This research advances the seismic performance assessment of RC single-column pier-supported bridges with flexural failure under near-fault ground motion by use of ductility coefficients and damage indices. The methodology included modeling fiber-based nonlinear beam-column elements to simulate the damage development process of RC bridge piers under earthquake loadings, considering the global buckling of longitudinal steel bars, examining the cracking and spalling of cover concrete, and analyzing the effects of bond-slip. The tensile strain represented the damage of the longitudinal bars while the compression strain represented the cover concrete damage. Two innovative nonlinear fiber-based finite element models (FEMs) were developed: Model 1 (bond-slip excluded) and Model 2 (bond-slip included). Nonlinear static cyclic pushover analyses and nonlinear response history analyses were conducted. The simulation results were compared with available pseudo-dynamic test results. Model 1 provided a more ideal prognosis on the seismic performance of RC single-column pier-supported bridges under near-fault ground motion. The proposed damage indices can indicate the damage state at any stage and the gradual accumulation of damage in RC bridge piers, which are more convincing than most other indices in the literature. The proposed fiber-based nonlinear FEMs, together with the use of ductility coefficients and proposed damage indices, can also assist engineers and researchers in simulating the seismic behavior and assessing the damage state of RC bridge columns in a computationally effective manner which can empower engineers to identify and prioritize RC bridges for seismic retrofit and maintenance.
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Barlo, Thomas J., and Alan D. Zdunek. PR-208-9208-R01 The Influence of Pipeline Coating on the Criteria for Cathodic Protection. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011737.

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The objective of the research was to determine whether, and if so by how much, the present criteria for cathodic protection of bare steel are changed when an anticorrosion coating is present on the steel surface.
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Chang, Tzyy-Shuh, Jianjun Shi, and Shiyu Zhou. SQA(TM): Surface Quality Assured Steel Bar Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948550.

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Barlo. L51551 Quick and Accurate Method to Determine the Free-Corrosion Potential of a Buried Pipeline. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010523.

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