Relevant bibliographies by topics / Steel bridges, the fatigue crack propagation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Steel bridges, the fatigue crack propagation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Steel bridges, the fatigue crack propagation"

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Zhou, Tai Quan, and Tommy Hung Tin Chan. "Fatigue Damage Accumulation of Welded Bridge Member during Crack Growth Propagation with Initial Crack." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.24.

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The crack growth behavior and the fatigue life of welded members with initial crack in bridges under traffic loading were investigated. Based on existed fatigue experiment results of welded members with initial crack and the fatigue experiment result of welded bridge member under constant stress cycle, the crack keeps semi-elliptical shape with variable ratio of a/c during crack propagation. The calculated method of the stress intensity factor necessary for welded bridge member crack propagation was discussed. The crack remained semi-elliptical shape with variable ratio of a/c during crack propagation. The fatigue crack propagation law suitable for welded steel bridge member fatigue crack propagation analysis was deduced based on the continuum damage mechanics and fracture mechanics. The proposed fatigue crack growth model was then applied to calculate the crack growth and the fatigue life of existed welded member with fatigue experimental result. The calculated and measured fatigue life was generally in good agreement, at suitable initial conditions of cracking, for welded member widely used in steel bridges.
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RAPOSO, Patrícia, José CORREIA, Grzegorz LESIUK, Isabel VALENTE, Abílio DE JESUS, and Rui CALÇADA. "MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ANCIENT PORTUGUESE RIVETED BRIDGES STEELS." Engineering Structures and Technologies 9, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2017.1414637.

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In repairing and retrofitting processes of ancient riveted steel bridges is crucial to assess the structural state of old metals to guaranty structural safety. Metals under long-time operations (mild, rimmed low carbon steels <0.1% C, puddle irons) and cyclic loading present a tendency for degradation processes. The case-studies of this work are five metallic bridges existing in Portugal (Luiz I, Eiffel, Fao, Pinhao and Trezoi). This work presents the study of some characteristics of materials extracted from the five case-studies, such as: monotonic tensile strength, chemical composition, microstructures, hardness, notch toughness and fatigue crack propagation. In terms of monotonic tensile tests, the materials from Luiz I, Eiffel and Fao bridges are similar to puddle steel and the materials from Pinhao and Trezoi bridges are similar to mild steel. In terms of toughness only the material from the Pinhao bridge exhibits acceptable toughness properties, considering current design requirements. The materials from the other bridges exhibit relatively low toughness properties. The fatigue crack propagation data from the old Portuguese riveted steel bridges were correlated using the Paris’s law and the possibility for a design crack growth rate was discussed.
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Liao, Ping, Yongbao Wang, Xiucheng Zhang, Renda Zhao, Yi Jia, and Haifeng Zhu. "Fatigue Life Assessment and Reliability Analysis of Cope-Hole Details in Steel Bridges." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 15, no. 1 (March 17, 2020): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2020-15.460.

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Cope-hole details are widely applied to steel bridges. However, the safety of steel bridges is influenced by the fatigue performance of welded details. So, cope-hole details with flange and web subjected to axial loads were selected as the research object. Based on the basic theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics and the Finite Element Method, the stress intensity factors of cope-holes details were calculated. The influences of geometry size and crack size of the detail on the stress intensity factors were then investigated. The Paris model of fatigue crack propagation predicted the crack propagation life of cope-hole details. Besides, the fatigue limit-state equation was also established to analyse the effect of random variables (such as initial crack size, critical crack size, crack propagation parameter) on the fatigue reliability index. Finally, the recommended value of the detection period was present. The results show that the stress intensity factor gradually increases with the increase of the cope-hole radius, the weld size, the flange plate thickness, the crack length and the web thickness. However, it gradually decreases with the increase of the ratio of the long and short axle to the crack. The predicted number of fatigue cyclic loading required by the fatigue crack depth propagating from 0.5 mm to 16 mm under nominal stress amplitude of 63 MPa is 122.22 million times. The fatigue reliability index decreases with the fatigue growth parameter, the crack shape ratio and the mean of initial crack size increasing, which is relatively sensitive. However, the variation coefficient of the initial crack size has little effect on it. The detection period of cope-hole details is the service time corresponding to the fatigue accumulated cyclic loading of 198.3 million times.
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Seitl, Stanislav, Petr Miarka, Jan Klusák, Stanislava Fintová, and Ludvík Kunz. "Comparison of the Fatigue Crack Propagation Rates in S355 J0 and S355 J2 Steel Grades." Key Engineering Materials 784 (October 2018): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.784.91.

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The use of S355 high strength steel in civil engineering to design bridges, its elements or simple engineering parts allows material and economical savings meeting the strict construction requirements. The knowledge of the fatigue resistance of material plays the key role during design and maintenance of the bridge structures. This contribution brings a comparison of the fatigue crack growth resistance of two standard S355 J0 and S355 J2 steel grades. Differences in chemical composition and the texture of material structure could generally play a role in the fatigue crack growth. This study shows that in the case of studied steels the chemical composition has an influence on material fatigue behaviour, whereas the texture of material structure is irrelevant.
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Zhang, Yu, Kaifeng Zheng, Junlin Heng, and Jin Zhu. "Corrosion-Fatigue Evaluation of Uncoated Weathering Steel Bridges." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 3461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173461.

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Uncoated weathering steel (UWS) bridges have been extensively used to reduce the lifecycle cost since they are maintenance-free and eco-friendly. However, the fatigue issue becomes significant in UWS bridges due to the intended corrosion process utilized to form the corrodent-proof rust layer instead of the coating process. In this paper, an innovative model is proposed to simulate the corrosion-fatigue (C-F) process in UWS bridges. Generally, the C-F process could be considered as two relatively independent stages in a time series, including the pitting process of flaw-initiation and the fatigue crack propagation of the critical pitting flaw. In the proposed C-F model, Faraday’s law has been employed at the critical flaw-initiation stage to describe the pitting process, in which the pitting current is applied to reflect the pitting rate in different corrosive environments. At the crack propagation stage, the influence of pitting corrosion is so small that it can be safely ignored. In simulating the crack propagation stage, the advanced NASGRO equation proposed by the NASA is employed instead of the classic Paris’ law, in which a modified fatigue limit is adopted. The fatigue limit is then used to determine the critical size of pitting flaws, above which the fatigue effect joins as a parallel driving force in crack propagation. The model is then validated through the experimental data from published articles at the initiation stage as well as the whole C-F process. Two types of structural steel, i.e., HPS 70W and 14MnNbq steel, have been selected to carry out a case study. The result shows that the C-F life can be notably prolonged in the HPS 70W due to the enhancement in fatigue strength and corrosion resistance. Besides, a sensitivity analysis has been made on the crucial parameters, including the stress range, stress ratio, corrosive environment and average daily truck traffic (ADTT). The result has revealed the different influence of the above parameters on the initiation life and propagation life.
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Seitl, Stanislav, Pavel Pokorný, Petr Miarka, Jan Klusák, Zdeněk Kala, and Ludvík Kunz. "Comparison of fatigue crack propagation behaviour in two steel grades S235, S355 and a steel from old crane way." MATEC Web of Conferences 310 (2020): 00034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031000034.

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Utilization of various steel grades in civil engineering allows designing bridges, bridge elements or simple structures according to their fracture mechanical properties. The service intervals of structures, which are going to be in use for a long time, cannot be calculated only on the basis of tensile and brittle fracture properties but also on the knowledge of the resistance to the fatigue crack growth. This contribution presents a comparison of the fatigue behaviour of two modern steel grades S235 J2, S355 J2 and a steel extracted from an old crane way. The comparison of these steel grades is done by fatigue crack propagation tests (the results of the experimental tests are described using concept of the stress intensity factor range ΔK). The fatigue properties are discussed and recommendations for the use of the steels are stated.
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Seitl, Stanislav, Petr Miarka, Lucie Malíková, and Martin Krejsa. "Comparison of Calibration Functions for Short Edge Cracks under Selected Loads." Key Engineering Materials 754 (September 2017): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.754.353.

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Attention to the fatigue cracks in steel structures and bridges has been paid for long time. In spite to efforts to eliminate the creation and propagation of fatigue cracks throughout the designed service life, cracks are still revealed during inspections. Note, that depending on location of initial crack, the crack may propagate from the edge or from the surface. The theoretical model of fatigue crack progression is based on linear fracture mechanics. Steel specimens are subjected to various load (tension, three-and four-point bending, pure bending etc.). The calibration functions for short edge cracks are compared for various load and the discrepancies are discussed.
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Ju, Xiao Chen, and Tateishi Kazuo. "Experimental Study on Fatigue Crack Propagation of through-Thickness Crack under Out-of-Plane Bending." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1277.

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In Japan, fatigue through-thickness cracks have been reported in steel bridges. Some of the cracks are originated by out-of-plane bending. For performing more efficient maintenance against the fatigue damages, it is essential to identify the crack propagation behavior of the through-thickness crack under out-of-plane bending. As an important factor to assess the crack propagation behavior, generally, stress intensity factor for through-thickness crack under bending was determined by some assumptions that crack front shape is straight in thickness direction. However, the actual crack front is curved under out-of-plane bending. In this paper, in order to identify the propagation behavior of through-thickness crack under out-of-plane bending, the fatigue test on through-thickness cracked plate was carried out. Moreover, through finite element analysis on the test specimen, the stress intensity factor along curved crack front was investigated.
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Choi, Dong Ho, Hang Yong Choi, Sang Hwan Chung, and Hoon Yoo. "Mixed-Mode Fatigue Crack Growth in Orthotropic Steel Decks." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.733.

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The strain energy density factor approach under mixed-mode condition is used for the prediction of crack propagation in the orthotropic steel deck specimen, which is similar to that of existing suspension bridges. Stress intensity factor approach is used to compare with strain energy density factor approach for the fatigue crack growth analysis. The stress intensity factors are computed by numerical extrapolation using cracked models for the different crack length. The study shows that the fatigue crack propagation under mixed-mode condition is slower than that under mode I only. Parametric studies on the initial crack length, critical crack length and parameters related to crack growth equations are performed to show the influence of these parameters on the fatigue life.
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Wang, Ying, Wenhui Zhang, Xu Pan, and Yuqian Zheng. "Experimental Study on Fatigue Crack Propagation of High-Strength Steel Wire with Initial Defects for Bridge Cables." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 4065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124065.

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In order to study the effect of initial defects on fatigue crack propagation law, a test method to identify fatigue crack propagation rate and path based on load waveform variation was presented, and a new test device was designed to apply fatigue pulsation loads to multiple wires for bridge cables simultaneously in this paper. To simplify the corrosion defect formation process, a machine-cut notch was used to describe the initial defect on the steel wire surface. Firstly, fatigue crack propagation tests were conducted on the surface notched steel wire specimens. By using crack front marking technique, the “beach-like patterns” visible to the naked eyes on the cross sections of the steel wires were formed, and the process of fatigue crack propagation can be tracked and reproduced. Then Autodesk Computer Aided Design (AutoCAD) software was used to describe the morphology of “beach-like patterns” and accurately measure the depth and width of cracks. Finally, the influence of initial defect morphology on fatigue crack propagation rate was investigated according to the relationship between fatigue cracks depth and cyclic loading numbers. The results show that the test device designed in this paper can effectively realize the synchronous fatigue crack propagation test of multiple wires, and significantly shorten the fatigue test period. By observing and analyzing the change of load waveform, the moment of fatigue crack propagation can be directly and accurately determined. The larger the depth, the smaller the width and the sharper the morphology of initial defect, the faster the crack propagation rate and the shorter the life of notched wire specimens under the combined action of fatigue loads and corrosive medium.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steel bridges, the fatigue crack propagation"

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Montezuma, Marcos FÃbio VerÃssimo. "Modelagem Computacional da PropagaÃÃo de Trincas em Vigas de Pontes de AÃo sob Carregamento CÃclico de Amplitude VariÃvel." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2002. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7297.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior
Pontes de aÃo normalmente estÃo sujeitas a carregamentos cÃclicos de amplitude variÃvel, com tipo e freqÃÃncia de trÃfego ao acaso. Dessa forma, a nucleaÃÃo e a propagaÃÃo de trincas nos elementos estruturais de uma ponte podem ser resultantes das flutuaÃÃes de carregamentos. ApÃs determinar a localizaÃÃo e o tamanho de uma falha existente, tem-se de imediato a preocupaÃÃo com a previsÃo de sua propagaÃÃo a fim de se ter um tempo conveniente para o reparo. Desta maneira, os conceitos de mecÃnica da fratura e fadiga sÃo fundamentais para o correto entendimento do problema. Neste trabalho à feito o desenvolvimento de um modelo computacional para a anÃlise do crescimento de trincas utilizando-se os modelos do Valor MÃdio QuadrÃtico e Ciclo-a-Ciclo. Nas simulaÃÃes realizadas, observa-se a influÃncia dos carregamentos de amplitudes variÃveis sobre a previsÃo de vida da estrutura. Foram consideradas como variÃveis de entrada do programa, diferentes tamanhos iniciais de trincas e diferentes histÃrias de carregamentos. Dessa forma, pÃde-se avaliar a dispersÃo dos resultados de previsÃo de vida da estrutura, com a variaÃÃo dos diferentes parÃmetros de entrada.
Steel bridges are usually subject to variable amplitude cyclic loading, with type and frequency of traffic at random. Thus, the nucleation and propagation of cracks in structural elements of a bridge may be due to fluctuations in shipments. After determining the location and size of a fault existing, has the immediate concern to the prediction of its propagation in order to have a convenient time for repair. Thus, the concepts of fracture mechanics and fatigue are essential for a proper understanding of the problem. This work is done by developing a computational model for the analysis of crack growth models using the mean square value and Cycle-by-cycle. In the simulations, we observe the influence of variable amplitude loading on the expected life of the structure. Were considered as input variables of the program, different initial crack sizes and different loading histories. Thus, we could evaluate the dispersion of expected life of the structure with the variation of different input parameters.
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Abdelwahab, Kemal, and Mohamed Abdirizag Farah. "Spricktillväxt i stålkonstruktioner på grund av utmattning." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259364.

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Stålbroars approximativa livslängd bestäms av stålets utmattningshållfasthet, då utmattning är en av de främsta anledningarna till att livslängden begränsas. I Sverige existerar ett antal broar som närmar sig slutet av sin livslängd, samtidigt som behovet för kapacitet och kraven på broarna ökar. Flertalet av dessa broar är i behov av upprustning. Däremot är det inte möjligt ur vare sig ett ekonomiskt- eller miljöperspektiv att byta ut alla broar, och därför behöver de broar som är mest kritiska prioriteras. Vid utmattningsdimensionering av stålbroar beaktas hela spänningsvidden, oavsett om spänningarna är i drag eller tryck. En spricka propagerar endast vid dragspänningar, vilket innebär att tryck- spänningar egentligen inte bör vägas in i samband med dimensionering. Detta innebär att en del stålbroar skulle kunna ha en längre livslängd än vad den traditionella dimensioneringen ger. Spänningsintensitetsfaktorn 𝐾 används inom brottmekaniken för att förutspå spänningsintensiteten i närheten av sprickspetsen, och appliceras till linjärelastiska material. Det finita elementprogrammet Abaqus användes när brodetaljen modellerades och analyserades. Brodetaljen representerar en balk med en påsvetsad anslutningsplåt, som utsätts för trafiklasten på en bro och en temperaturlast för att simulera egenspänningar. Detaljen representerar problematiken med utmattning i stålkonstruktionsdelar. Motivet för denna studie är att inga sprickor har hittats under inspektioner av liknande detaljer, det till trots att en del stålbroar teoretiskt sett förbrukat sin livslängd. Studien genomfördes med en mer avancerad modell än vad som vanligtvis skapas för bedömning av utmattning, med syftet att modellera verkligheten mer korrekt. Resultaten visar hur egenspänningarna bidrar till dragspänningar, vilket leder till sprickpropagering i modellen. Vid spricklängden 9,5 mm övergår spänningarna från drag till tryck, och då upphör spricktillväxten. Resultaten visar även att utmattningssprickor kan växa i stålkonstruktionsdelar som i huvudsak utsätts för nominella tryckspänningar, ifall höga egenspänningar uppstår vid anslutningsplåten.
Steel bridges estimated service life is determined by the fatigue strength of the steel, since fatigue is one of the main reasons for limiting the service life. In Sweden there is a number of bridges that approach the end of their service life, while the need of increasing the capacity and demands on bridges grows. The majority of these bridges is in need of reparation. On the other hand, it is not possible either from a financial- or environmental perspective to replace all bridges, and therefore the bridges that are most critical needs priority. In the case of fatigue design calculation of steel bridges, the entire stress range is taken into account, regardless of whether the stresses are in tension or pressure. A crack propagates only at tensile stresses, which means that pressure should not really be considered in the design calculations. This means that some steel bridges could have a longer life span than the traditional design calculation gives. The stress intensity factor K is used within the fracture mechanism to predict the stress intensity near crack tip, and is applied to linear elastic materials. The finite element program Abaqus was used when the bridge detail was modeled and analyzed. The bridge detail represents a beam with a welded connection plate, which is exposed to traffic load at the bridge and a temperature load to simulate residual stresses. The detail represents the problem of fatigue in steel structural parts. The motive for this study is that no cracks have been found during inspections of similar details, despite the fact that some steel bridges theoretically have consumed their longevity. The study is conducted with a more advanced model than usually created for assessment of fatigue, with the purpose of modeling the reality more correctly. The results show how the residual stresses cause tensile stresses, which leads to crack propagation in the model. At a crack length of 9,5 mm, the stresses change from tension to compression, and then the crack growth ceases. The results also indicate that fatigue cracking can grow in steel structural parts that are mainly exposed to compressive nominal stresses, if tensile residual stresses appear at the connection plate.
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Abdul-Salam, Ezzet Hameed. "Fatigue crack propagation in mild steel." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291749.

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Guirgis, Sameh. "Fatigue crack propagation in steel components at resonance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62216.pdf.

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Horne, Michael R. "Rayleigh Wave Acoustic Emission during Crack Propagation in Steel." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28780.

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An investigation was conducted of the existence of seismic surface pulses (SSP) on crack faces in near-failure fatigue. An SSP has components of various modes of wave propagation. The component with the largest amplitude is a Rayleigh surface wave pulse. The possibility that these surface modes have much higher amplitudes than bulk modes of acoustic emission (AE) was illustrated by an idealized thought experiment relating an SSP on a half-space to the response of crack faces to crack extension. A number of aspects of AE monitoring in finite objects were investigated. Attributes of surface wave propagation on the edge of a specimen were found to be easier to monitor than other modes of wave propagation. Wavelet analysis was used to compare the characteristics of brittle AE with other sources. A new testing paradigm was developed to reduce interference from secondary sources of AE and enhance the investigation of AE from critical crack behavior. Unique specimen design features were developed, data acquisition features sought and validated, a dead weight load frame was modified, and data analysis procedures were developed. Criteria based on velocity, frequency content, amplitude and shape were devised to determine if an AE event is an SSP. The tests were designed to mimic load conditions on structures such as bridges and hence investigate the difference between AE generated in field conditions and that of typical laboratory conditions. Varieties of steel, from very ductile to very brittle, were tested. It was concluded that plastic zone formation, considered a secondary source of AE, was found not to interfere with the SSP activity. The SSP was found experimentally to have 2-3 times the amplitude of the bulk wave AE. The lack of sufficient AE did not allow for determination of conclusive changes in the AE as the specimens approached failure. However, it was found that brittle crack extension in fatigue and ductile failure can produce wave propagation resembling the SSP.
Ph. D.
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Keller, Scott. "Creep-Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation of a Notched Stainless Steel." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5659.

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Premature failures of vital gas turbine components, such as blades and vanes, have been the result of increasing demands of power generation facilities. As power needs fluctuate throughout the day, operators are quickly firing up gas turbines as a means of providing instant power. Traditionally, these engines run at constant operating conditions; however, contemporary operating conditions call for these engines to be applied on an “as necessary” basis. The result of the cyclic startup and shutdown of gas turbines has led to a phenomenon known as creep-fatigue (CF). A coupling of two primary failure mechanisms in gas turbines, CF conditions exacerbate the mechanisms of creep and fatigue, ultimately leading to a premature failure of components. Traditionally, independent creep and fatigue analyses are conducted to determine the limiting life factor of gas turbines. Recently, fracture mechanics approaches have been successfully used in extending the traditional analyses to include fatigue- and creep-crack growth analyses. Founded on existing approaches to creep-fatigue crack growth analyses, including experimental elastic and plastic fracture mechanics approaches, a coupled creep-fatigue crack initiation and propagation model is developed. To bring these models to fruition, the current study utilizes the development of an experimental setup capable of subjecting a modified fracture specimen to creep-fatigue conditions. With two test temperatures key to turbine components, a blunt notch compact tension specimen was subjected to trapezoidal load waveforms with various lengths of holds at maximum load. A developed direct current potential drop (DCPD) system was used to monitor crack initiation and crack lengths throughout the duration of tests. Numerical simulations on a representative specimen were conducted, to correlate and predict key fracture mechanics parameters used in the development of creep-fatigue crack initiation and propagation models. Metallurgical analysis of specimens was conducted, implementing both optical and scanning electron microscopy. From the experimental and numerical studies, a model for both the initiation and propagation of cracks on a single specimen is furnished. Through the use of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics parameters, the proposed models are observed to predict crack initiation and replicate crack propagation rates based on the experimental conditions. Assisting in the implementation of the proposed models, intended uses and applications for the models are provided, simplifying the life prediction analyses for components expected to fail due to creep-fatigue service conditions.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering
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Donohoe, C. J. "Corrosion fatigue of a high strength low alloy steel." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322985.

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Trask, David Anthony. "Experimental and numerical investigation into fatigue crack propagation models for 350WT steel." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0003/MQ31652.pdf.

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Kaneko, Yoshihisa. "Fatigue Crack Propagation and Cyclic Deformation in Ferritic Stainless Steel Single and Bicrystals." Kyoto University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/77916.

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Callister, D. R. "A study of fatigue crack propagation in quenched and tempered and controlled rolled HSLA steels." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4444.

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A range of HSLA steels reflecting the two major processing routes, quench and tempering and controlled rolling, have been tested in fatigue to assess their potential wider application in the offshore Industry. The six steels chosen have a wide range of yield strenghts (470 to 690Nmm-2), fracture toughness (31 to 260J at -40°C) and carbon equivalent values (0.19 to 0.33). Fatigue testing has in general been carried out at low frequency (0.5Hz) and high load ratio (0.6) however some tests have been conducted at very low frequency (0.1Hz) and low load ratio (0.1). An in-air study was first used to assess the fatigue performance of all six parent plates. Five steels were welded by the Submerged Arc Welding process at high heat input (1.5kJmm -1) to evaluate the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) fatigue performance. A new test was devised to grow a fatigue crack through a single pass, bead on plate-, HAZ whilst maintaining a constant stress intensity range. The surface crack length was continuously monitored and recorded to an accuracy of 0.01mm. A corrosion fatigue study evaluated the performance of one controlled rolled and one quenched and tempered steel at three levels of impressed current cathodic protection. Extensive metallographic examination was made to study the influence of microstructural features and types on fatigue crack propagation. Techniques used include optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fatigue crack and surface replication and crack profile digitising. These techniques give an assessment of crack path deviation and branching, the influence of precipitates and inclusions, and an indication of the mode of fatigue crack propagation. The wide range of microalloyed HSLA steels tested have shown a significant improvement in fatigue crack propagation resistance over structural steels conforming to BS 4360 grade 50D. Typically an improvement by a factor of two has been observed. Whilst the observed increase in fatigue life was slightly reduced by high heat input welding the slope of the Paris curves remained unaffected thus indicating a similar stress intensity range sensitivity in the HAZ to that shown by the parent plate. The newly developed crack monitoring system coupled to a computer controlled fatigue testing machine has shown a wide variation in fatigue crack propagation rates through a heat affected zone microstructural gradient. Growth rates have increased by a factor of ten in localised coarse grained microstructural regions compared to the adjacent weld metal and outer heat affected zone. The corrosion fatigue study has also indicated that in general HSLA steels retain their superiour fatigue resistance compared to structural steels and in particular respond more favourably to cathodic protection. Both in-air and corrosion fatigue studies have indicated that the controlled rolled steel microstructures developed mainly for line pipe application has the greatest potential for increased use offshore.
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Books on the topic "Steel bridges, the fatigue crack propagation"

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Abdul-Salam, Ezzet Hameed. Fatigue crack propagation in mild steel. Salford: University of Salford, 1991.

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Paasch, Robert Kenneth. Fatigue crack modeling in bridge deck connection details. Salem, OR: Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Group, 1999.

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3

Vaidya, W. V. An experimental assessment of hysteresis in near-threshold fatigue crack propagation regime of a low alloy ferritic steel under closure-free testing conditions. Geesthacht: GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, 1991.

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Khan, Mushtaq Ahmad. A study of fatigue crack nucleation and propagation properties of a B.S. 4360 - 50D structural steel by ultrasonic methods. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1993.

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Tack, Andrew J. The effect of microstructure and loading variables on fatigue crack propagation in three aerospace bearing steels anda low alloy steel. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Steel bridges, the fatigue crack propagation"

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Liu, Yang, Fanghui Chen, and Naiwei Lu. "Fatigue Crack Propagation of Rib-to-deck Double-sided Welded Joints of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks." In Reliability and Safety of Cable-Supported Bridges, 147–70. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Series: Resilience and sustainability: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003170594-8.

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Bi, Y., and D. C. Jiles. "Detection of Fatigue Crack Propagation in Steel Using Magnetic Measurements." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1509–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5339-7_195.

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Lim, Bokkyu, and Young Woo Choi. "Effect of Nitriding on Fatigue Crack Initiation and Fatigue Crack Propagation Retardation in Ni-Cr-Mo Steel." In The Mechanical Behavior of Materials X, 291–94. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-440-5.291.

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Fujimatsu, Takeshi, Toshifusa Nakamizo, Morihiko Nakasaki, and Norimasa Tsunekage. "Crack Initiation and Propagation Behavior Around the Defect in Steel Under Rolling Contact Fatigue." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 10th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings, 1–26. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158020140086.

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Stepanenko, V. A. "Stereofractographic Studies of a Fatigue Crack Propagation in a Low-Carbon Steel." In Computational Mechanics ’86, 1385–90. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68042-0_202.

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Dubov, Anatoly, Alexander Dubov, and Sergey Kolokolnikov. "MMM Applied for Online Monitoring of Fatigue Crack Propagation in an Industrial Steel Structure." In Sensors, Algorithms and Applications for Structural Health Monitoring, 63–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69233-3_7.

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Zhang, Jie, Sven Trogh, Wim De Waele, and Stijn Hertelé. "Fatigue Crack Propagation in HSLA Steel Specimens Subjected to Unordered and Ordered Load Spectra." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 718–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8331-1_56.

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Toribio, J., B. Gonzáles, J. C. Matos, and F. J. Ayaso. "Micro- and Macro-Approach to the Fatigue Crack Propagation in High-Strength Pearlitic Steel Wires." In Advances in Fracture and Damage Mechanics VI, 681–84. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-448-0.681.

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Lee, Ho Jin, Maan Won Kim, and Bong Sang Lee. "Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior Near Fusion Line between SA508 Steel and Ni-Based Buttering Metal." In Key Engineering Materials, 154–57. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.154.

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Li, Junrong, Hongyun Luo, Zhiyuan Han, and Feixiang Jin. "Effect of Specimen Thickness on Fatigue Crack Propagation and Acoustic Emission Behaviors in Q345 Steel." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 225–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1239-1_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Steel bridges, the fatigue crack propagation"

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Tobita, Ryo, and Hirohisa Suzuki. "Analytical Study of Fatigue-crack Propagation on Web-Gap Plate." In IABSE Workshop, Helsinki 2017: Ignorance, Uncertainty, and Human Errors in Structural Engineering. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/helsinki.2017.092.

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The study describes behaviour of fatigue-cracks for evaluation of structural repair priority. Around 65% of the total length of the Metropolitan Expressway in Japan is composed of viaducts made of steel. And fatigue crack problem has been occurred on the steel structures. In particular, around 30% of all the fatigue-cracks occurred at “Web-Gap Plate(WGP)” which is attached in plate girder bridges. This study focused on the fact that those cracks do not always induce collapse of the girder bridge immediately, even though the number of cracks, which are needed to repair, is becoming increasing. As a result of the study, repair priorities of around 60% cracks on WGP can be lowered by analysing maintenance data accumulated since 2001.
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Hosoi, A., T. Nagahama, and Y. Ju. "Effect of High Density Electric Current Field on Fatigue Cracks in Stainless Steel." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37819.

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A technique was developed to heal a fatigue crack by controlling a high density electric current field. The high-density electric current field was applied at the tip of the crack by using closely spaced electrodes. It was found that the electric stimulation influences the states and propagation behavior of a fatigue crack in the stainless steel. When the electric current was applied to a specimen having a pre-crack with a large opening displacement, a closure effect at the crack tip was shown and the bridges between the crack surfaces were observed. On the other hand, when the electric current was applied to a specimen having a pre-crack with a small opening displacement, an opening effect was shown. These effects were also evaluated quantitatively by the Paris law.
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Wang, Chunsheng, Yifan Wu, Haipeng Si, and Lan Duan. "Acoustic emission monitoring of bridge cable wires crack propagation." In IABSE Conference, Seoul 2020: Risk Intelligence of Infrastructures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/seoul.2020.106.

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<p>This paper introduces a method for monitoring the fatigue crack propagation rate of bridge cable wires using acoustic emission technology. Through the prefabricated damage notch, the comprehensive use of strain gauges and acoustic emission for real-time monitoring of high- strength steel wire specimens in cables，establishing the corresponding relationship between AE count rate and stress intensity factor ΔK. Based on the correlation among crack propagation rate, AE count rate and stress intensity factor range, the relationship between AE count rate and crack propagation rate is derived. The results show that the application of the acoustic emission sensor can intelligently detect the propagation state and rate of fatigue cracks on the cable wire. Acoustic emission count rate can be used to effectively monitor the fatigue crack propagation of cable high- strength steel wire, and then the damage and residual life can be evaluated and predicted.</p>
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Kala, Zdeněk. "Global sensitivity analysis of failure probability caused by fatigue crack propagation." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.054.

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The probability of failure of a load bearing steel member is investigated using a new type of global sensitivity analysis subordinated to contrasts. The main objective of the probability-oriented sensitivity analysis is structural reliability. The structural reliability methodology uses random variables as inputs. The subject of interest is the identification of those random variables that are most important when the limit state of a steel bridge member is reached. The limit state is defined by the occurrence of brittle fracture, which results from stress changes caused by multiple repeated loads. The propagation of a single-edge crack from initial to critical size is analysed using linear fracture mechanics. The failure probability and sensitivity indices are calculated using sampling-based methods. The sensitivity indices are estimated using double-nested-loop simulation of the Latin Hypercube Sampling method. New findings indicate that interaction effects among input variables strongly influence the probability of failure especially at the beginning of the operating period.
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Tang, Hesheng, Shi Chen, and Songtao Xue. "Numerical Simulation of Fatigue Crack Propagation in Steel Bridge with Welded Stiffeners Subjected to Out-of-plane Loadings." In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Modeling, Simulation, Optimization and Numerical Techniques (SMONT 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/smont-19.2019.59.

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Wu, Xinyi, Xu Jiang, Xuhong Qiang, Jiandong Zhang, and Chenwei Luo. "Experimental Study on the Fatigue Behavior of Cracked Steel Component Repaired with High Strength Bolt Reinforced Stop-hole and CFRP Patched Stop-hole." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1761.

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<p>The stop-hole method has been used widely to retard the fatigue crack growth of steel component in the field of bridge engineering. However, the component repaired by single stop-hole without any additional reinforcement is liable to crack again because of the drilling defects and new stress concentration region around the hole. In this paper, two kinds of strengthened stop-hole methods, the high strength bolt reinforced stop-hole method and the CFRP patched stop-hole method, were investigated and compared. Finite element analysis was conducted to predict the repair efficiency and investigate the optimal parameters of each method. A total of 12 fatigue damaged specimens were repaired by different ways and tested under fatigue loading subsequently. Experiment results indicate that the fatigue life of specimens repaired by stop-hole is more than 20 times that of the unrepaired specimens. The high strength bolt reinforced stop-hole and CFRP patched stop-hole can extend the fatigue life by 9 and 8 times respectively, compared with the single stop-hole method. Debonding has a decisive effect on the reinforcement effectiveness. In addition, all the three methods studied in this paper can only extend the crack initiation life of the cracked steel component, but can’t affect the crack propagation life.</p>
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Fleming, Marvin F., S. Hersh, and Steven B. Chase. "Advanced fatigue-crack detection system in steel bridges." In Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Infrastructure, edited by Steven B. Chase. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.209775.

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Bian, Lichun, and Jae-Kyoo Lim. "Fatigue Threshold Considerations During Crack Propagation." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1211.

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The angled crack problem has been given special attention in the recent years by fracture mechanics investigators due to its close proximity to realistic conditions in engineering structures. In this paper, an investigation of fatigue crack propagation in steel pipes containing an inclined surface crack is presented. The inclined angle of the crack with respect to the axis of loading varied between 0° and 90°. During the fatigue tests, the growth of the fatigue crack was monitored using the AC potential drop technique. Based on the concept of the effective stress intensity factor range, Δkeff, the rate of fatigue crack propagation, db/dN, is postulated to be a function of the effective strain energy density factor range, ΔSeff. Subsequently, this concept is applied to predict crack growth due to fatigue loads.
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Wang, Yitao, Guoqing Feng, Huilong Ren, Chenfeng Li, and Yi Lin. "Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate Test of Q235 Steel in Ship Hull." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41501.

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A series of crack propagation rate tests of compact tension specimen for Q235 steel are conducted. Compliance method and pixel method are introduced to measure the crack length, and the comparison of the two methods is proposed. Incremental polynomial method and least square method are applied to fitting and regressing the test data. By statistical analysis, the statistical characteristics of crack propagation parameters C and m are obtained and the fatigue propagation rate described by Δ CMOD and ΔK is proposed. On the basis of probability fracture mechanics theory, the functions of crack propagation rate under different probability standards are presented.
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Vor, Kokleang, Catherine Gardin, Christine Sarrazin-Baudoux, Jean Petit, and Claude Amzallag. "Prestrain Influence on Fatigue Crack Propagation in a 304L Stainless Steel." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77723.

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The scope of this study is to investigate the effect of tensile prestrain on crack growth behavior in a 304L stainless steel. Fatigue crack propagation tests were performed on single-edge notched tension (SENT) raw specimens (0% of prestrain) and on prestrained specimens (2% and 10%). On one hand, it is found that the different levels of prestrain exhibit no significant influence on crack propagation in the high range of Stress Intensity Factor (SIF), where there is no detectable crack closure. On the other hand, a clear effect of prestrain on crack growth rate can be observed in the near threshold region where closure is detected. Thus, it can be concluded that the prestrain mainly affects the crack growth rate through its influence on the crack closure.
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