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Journal articles on the topic 'Steel, Cast. Steel, Cast Steel castings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Stradomski, Z., S. Stachura, and G. Stradomski. "Fracture Mechanisms in Steel Castings." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 3 (2013): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0066.

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Abstract The investigations were inspired with the problem of cracking of steel castings during the production process. A single mechanism of decohesion - the intergranular one - occurs in the case of hot cracking, while a variety of structural factors is decisive for hot cracking initiation, depending on chemical composition of the cast steel. The low-carbon and low-alloyed steel castings crack due to the presence of the type II sulphides, the cause of cracking of the high-carbon tool cast steels is the net of secondary cementite and/or ledeburite precipitated along the boundaries of solidifi

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2

Yan, Huadong, Hui Jin, and Ruigen Yao. "Prediction of the damage and fracture of cast steel containing pores." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 29, no. 1 (2019): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789519872000.

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For spatial design freedom, steel castings are widely used in bridges, airport terminals, and offshore platforms. However, different from hot-rolling technology, casting process variables, such as the casting temperature and those related to graphite spheroidization and post-heat treatment, may cause casting defects. To improve the safety and effectiveness of steel castings, a study consisting of experiments and numerical calculations is performed to investigate the effect of pores on the damage and fracture of cast steel. The chemical composition, metallography, and tomographic imaging of cas

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3

Odilov, Furkat, and Farrukhjon Abdullaev. "Improving The Technology Of Continuous Casting Of Steel Castings." American Journal of Engineering And Techonology 03, no. 04 (2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume03issue04-17.

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This article describes the quality and cost-effectiveness of converting steels by melting them in electric arc furnaces. In addition, the technology of continuous casting of cast products in the furnace with the help of ferroalloys, followed by various equipment.

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4

Kalandyk, B. "Microstructure and Abrasive Wear Resistance of 18Cr-4Ni-2.5Mo Cast Steel." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (2012): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0111-0.

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Abstract An influence of a decreased Cr content on the microstructure of the highly alloyed Cr-Ni cast steel, duplex type, melted under laboratory conditions, was characterized in the paper. The microstructure investigations were performed in the initial state and after the heat treatment (solution annealing) at 1060°C as well as the phase transformation kinetics at continuous cooling was measured. The wear resistance of the investigated cast steel was tested and compared with the 24%Cr-5%Ni-2.5%Mo cast steel. The Cr content decrease, in ferritic-austenitic cast steels (duplex), from 24-26%Cr

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5

Holtzer, M., A. Bobrowski, D. Drożyński, and J. Mocek. "Investigations of Protective Coatings for Castings of High-Manganese Cast Steels." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 1 (2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0008.

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Abstract When cast steel castings are made in moulding sands on matrices of high-silica sand, which has a low fire resistance the problem of the so-called chemical penetration is distinctly visible. Whereas this effect appears to a small degree only when moulding sand matrices are of chromite, zircon or olivine sands. Therefore in case of making castings of high-manganese cast steel (e.g. Hadfield steel) sands not containing free silica should be applied (e.g. olivine sand) or in case of a high-silica matrix protective coatings for moulds and cores should be used. Two protective coatings, magn

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6

Chen, Xiang-Ru, Qi-Jie Zhai, Han Dong, Bao-Hua Dai, and Hardy Mohrbacher. "Molybdenum alloying in cast iron and steel." Advances in Manufacturing 8, no. 1 (2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40436-019-00282-1.

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AbstractMetal casting is an important manufacturing technology for efficiently producing massive components with complex shape. A large share of industrial castings is made from iron and steel alloys, combining attractive properties and low production cost. Upgrading of properties in cast iron and steel is mainly achieved by alloying and in fewer cases by heat treatment. Molybdenum is an important alloying element in that respect, increasing strength, hardness and toughness. It also facilitates particular heat treatments such as austempering. The paper describes the metallurgical functionality

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7

Midson, Stephen, and David J. Browne. "Casting Wear-Resistant Functionally Gradient Ferrous Alloys via Partial Solidification Processing." Solid State Phenomena 192-193 (October 2012): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.192-193.506.

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The CDC (Cast-Decant-Cast) Process is novel semi-solid processing method for joining two alloys, allowing the production of components from two or more alloys. The process produces a functionally gradient material (FGM) which, instead of having a sharp interface between the two alloys, features a transition region exhibiting a smooth gradient in concentration, microstructure and properties. Functionally gradient materials provide engineers with the flexibility to design components with different material properties at different locations. The details of the CDC Process are described. This pape

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8

Wang, Libin, Hui Jin, Haiwei Dong, and Jing Li. "Balance Fatigue Design of Cast Steel Nodes in Tubular Steel Structures." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/421410.

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Cast steel nodes are being increasingly popular in steel structure joint application as their advanced mechanical performances and flexible forms. This kind of joints improves the structural antifatigue capability observably and is expected to be widely used in the structures with fatigue loadings. Cast steel node joint consists of two parts: casting itself and the welds between the node and the steel member. The fatigue resistances of these two parts are very different; the experiment results showed very clearly that the fatigue behavior was governed by the welds in all tested configurations.

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9

Jandová, Dagmar, and Josef Kasl. "Effect of Heat Treatment and Microalloying on Toughness of Cast Low Carbon Steel." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.489.

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The possibility of mechanical properties improvement in cast low carbon manganese steels for thin-walled castings via appropriate microalloying and heat treatment was studied. The steels (0.15 C and 1.2 Mn) microalloyed by vanadium, titanium and niobium were undergone the solution heat treatment. Mechanical testing and detailed microstructural analyses were performed using light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Precipitation processes in individual steels were discussed and the steel with the most promising composition was selected for following experiments.

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10

Ramírez-López, A., D. Muñoz-Negron, S. Romero-Hernandez, V. Cruz-Morales, and R. Escarela-Perez. "Thermal Behavior of Cast Steel Industrially Produced." Advanced Materials Research 628 (December 2012): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.628.179.

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This work is focused to evaluate heat removal simulation on the continuous casting process of stell, which is the most used method to produce big mounts of steel.The understanding of steel thermal behavior is very important in order to control the industrial processing and guarantee steel quality, here different mechanism are involved such as radiation,forced convection and conduction.A finite difference method easy to program is used to solve the simulation.This calculation is also coupled a with virtual kinematics model in order to create a more realistic simulation.Finally computer tools we

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11

Santacruz-Londoño, Andrés Felipe, Oscar Rios-Diez, José A. Jiménez, Carlos Garcia-Mateo, and Ricardo Aristizábal-Sierra. "Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of a Nanostructured Bainitic Cast Steel." Metals 10, no. 5 (2020): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050612.

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Nanoscale bainite is a remarkable microstructure that exhibits a very promising combination of high strength with good ductility and toughness. The development of these types of microstructures has been focused on wrought materials, and very little information is available for steel castings. In this work, a specially designed cast steel with 0.76 wt % C was fabricated, and the heat treatment cycles to develop bainitic nanostructures were determined by studying the kinetics of the bainitic transformation using high-resolution dilatometry. The effects of isothermal holding temperature and time

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12

Stradomski, G. "The Cracking Mechanism of Ferritic-Austenitic Cast Steel." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 4 (2016): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0101.

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Abstract In the high-alloy, ferritic - austenitic (duplex) stainless steels high tendency to cracking, mainly hot-is induced by micro segregation processes and change of crystallization mechanism in its final stage. The article is a continuation of the problems presented in earlier papers [1 - 4]. In the range of high temperature cracking appear one mechanism a decohesion - intergranular however, depending on the chemical composition of the steel, various structural factors decide of the occurrence of hot cracking. The low-carbon and low-alloy cast steel casting hot cracking cause are type II

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13

Kondratyuk, S. Ye, V. I. Veis, and Z. V. Parkhomchuk. "Structure formation and properties of overheated steel depending on thermokinetic parameters of crystallization." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, no. 97 (2019): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8537.

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Purpose: The aim of the proposed research is to investigate the mutual influence of the temperature of an overheated melt and its cooling rate during crystallization on the formation of the cast structure and mechanical properties of structural steels. Design/methodology/approach: Two structural medium-carbon steels were melted in induction furnace and poured from temperatures 1520-1670°C into casting moulds with different heat removal ability. This ensured the crystallization and structure formation of the studied steel castings at cooling rates (Vc) of 5°C/sec (sand-clay mould), 45°C/sec (st

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14

Zhang, Cheng, Yi Chen, and Zhao Hui Wang. "Effect of Modification Powders on Low Alloy Cast Steel." Advanced Materials Research 412 (November 2011): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.412.227.

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Effects of V-Ti-Zr-Re containing modification powders on the mechanical properties and microstructure of low alloy steel castings by conventional normalizing, hardening and tempering processes and normalizing-free heat treatment were investigated. The results showed that for the as-modified casting, martensite and carbides were the main phases after direct quenching and low-temperature tempering but skipping normalizing. The mechanical properties were almost the same or even higher in impact toughness than the same material but bearing also normalizing treatment. Both samples modified by alloy

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15

Zhao, Jing Wei, and Zheng Yi Jiang. "Development of New Microalloyed Steel by Alloying with Tungsten." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.48.

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The effects of tungsten (W) addition on the microstructure, impact toughness and tensile properties of a microalloyed cast steel were systematically investigated. The results indicate that W alloying in microalloyed cast steel plays a positive role in inhibiting dendrite during casting process, and the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and fracture strain can be simultaneously improved after W addition. Both microalloyed cast steels with and without W additions show very low impact energies, indicating W addition has no significant effect on the impact toughness. The present work provi

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16

Jin, B. S., Y. F. Jiao, and G. Li. "Preparation of TiC/ Fe Surface Composite by a Casting–SHS Process." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.666.

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Steel castings with a ceramic reinforced surface layer have been prepared by a casting process combined with self-propagation high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Two material systems, Fe-Ti-C-Al and Al-Fe2O3, were selected in this paper to prepare the steel castings with a ceramic reinforced surface layer. During the process, high temperature steel melt was poured into a sand mould in which SHS performs were cast. The performs were ignited by the high temperature steel melt. As a result, an SHS reaction happened and ceramic reinforcements were synthesized inside the mould. After the penetration

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17

Vdovin, K. N., N. A. Feoktistov, and D. A. Gorlenko. "The Effect of the Cast High-Manganese Steel Primary Structure on its Properties." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.339.

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The article deals with the effect of the wear coefficient of high-manganese steel on service durability indicators of castings, which are produced from this steel and operate under conditions of intensive wear. The article introduces the results of computer simulation of crystallization and cooling processes in high-manganese steel castings in the mould. The effect of the casting cooling rate in the mould on the cast steel primary structure, as well as on the value of its wear coefficient has been studied. The effect of primary crystallization on austenite grain size and its microhardness has

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18

Holtzer, M., A. Bobrowski, D. Drożyński, and J. Mocek. "Selection of Protective Coatings of Moulds for Castings of High-Manganese Cast Steel in Dependence of the Applied Moulding Sand Kind." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 3 (2013): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0086.

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Abstract High-manganese cast steels are characterised by a high abrasion resistance under friction conditions with a simultaneous influence of pressure and impacts. This cast steel is especially suitable for castings of excavator’s scoops, track links, streetcars crossovers, parts of crushers and mills for braking up of hard materials [1-4]. In order to obtain high quality castings of high-manganese cast steels in moulds on the high-silica sand matrices it is necessary to apply protective coatings, which prevent a direct contact between metal and matrix (SiO2). Manganese after being poured int

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19

Kalyuzhnyy, P. B., S. O. Krotyuk, and M. T. Levchuk. "THE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF STEEL CAST PRODUCTS FOR SHUT-OFF VALVES BY CASTING ON LOST FOAM CASTING." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-1-22-27.

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The peculiarities of technological processes of obtaining steel castings of shut-off valves by lost foam casting are described. It is shown that the dimensional accuracy of the casting «Valve Body DN80» exceeds 7-th accuracy class; the surface quality, mechanical properties and chemical composition of the steel completely meet the customer requirements. The test procedure for leakproofness of shut-off valves castings is given.

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20

Kalandyk, B., and W. Wojtal. "Effects of Steel – Applied for Large-Dimension Castings for the Power Engineering – Refining in The Ladle-Furnace." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 3 (2013): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0071.

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Abstract The changes of a sulphur content during refining in melting low-alloy and high-alloy steels (G17CrMoV5-10; GX12CrMoNiVNbN9-1) applied for large-dimension castings for the power engineering are presented in the hereby paper. The investigated steel was melted in the oxygen-recovery melting technology with an application of maximum 70% of the process scrap. In addition, after steel melting in the electric arc furnace (EAF), the secondary metallurgy was performed in the ladle furnace (LF). It was shown that the application of the secondary metallurgy by a synthetic slag in the ladle furna

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21

Bao, Wei, Li Tao Xing, and Jian Hui Qiu. "The Use of Cast Steel in Steel Structure." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1918.

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With the improvement of casting and material technology, cast steel is continuously used in practical engineering projects. Domestic and foreign scholars studied the performance of cast steel joints by experiment or the other methods and extended them to beam-column connections in steel frames. This paper mainly introduced the development of beam-column connection forms, the main problems in joint design, advantages and disadvantages of the joints with various forms, material properties and manufacturing process characteristics of cast steel, advantages of cast steel joints and fasteners, rese

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22

Tęcza, Grzegorz. "Changes in Abrasive Wear Resistance during Miller Test of High-Manganese Cast Steel with Niobium Carbides Formed in the Alloy Matrix." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 4794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114794.

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High-manganese Hadfield cast steel is commonly used for machine components operating under dynamic load conditions. The high fracture toughness and abrasive wear resistance of this steel are the result of an austenitic structure, which—while being ductile—at the same time tends to surface harden under the effect of cold work. Absence of dynamic loads (e.g., in the case of sand abrasion) causes rapid and premature wear of parts. To improve the abrasive wear resistance of high-manganese cast steel for operation under the conditions free from dynamic loads, primary niobium carbides are produced i

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Kostina, M. V., P. Yu Polomoshnov, V. M. Blinov, S. O. Muradyan, and V. S. Kostina. "Cold resistance of new casting Cr – Mn – Ni – Mo – N steel with 0.5 % of N. Part. 1." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 11 (2019): 894–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-11-894-906.

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The authors have studied cold resistance of thelaboratorymetal of a new austenitic grade of nitrogen-containing casting steel (21 – 22) Cr – 15Mn – 8Ni – 1.5Mo – V (Russian grade 5Kh21АG15N8МFL) with nitrogen content of 0.5 % and yield strength of ~400 MPa. The temperature dependence of impact toughness was constructed in the range +20 ... –160 °C and it was shown that the steel is characterized by a wide temperature range of the viscous-brittle transition with T DBT = –75 °C, at which KCV = 120 ± 10 J/cm2. Comparison material – industrial, centrifugally cast 18Cr – 10Ni steel (grade 12Kh18N10

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Leontiev, Mikhail Georgievich. "Compositions Based on Nanosized Powders Carbides of Tungsten and Titanium, Obtained by the Method Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis for the Modification of Gray Cast Iron and Steel 110g13L." Key Engineering Materials 802 (May 2019): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.802.43.

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Iron-based alloys (steel and cast iron) are currently the main structural materials that provide a high level of mechanical and technological properties along with a relatively low cost. Increasing the performance characteristics (tensile strength, hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and, ultimately, service life) of cast irons and steels is an urgent task. The quality of castings made of cast iron and steel depends on many technological parameters that affect the processes of crystallization of the melt (casting temperature, molding mixture, chemical composition, volume of casting

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25

Stradomski, G. "The Role of Carbon in the Mechanism of Ferritic-Austenitic Cast Steel Solidification." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 3 (2014): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0067.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of research on the microstructure of GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3 and GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 cast steels with a varying carbon content. The cause for undertaking the research were technological problems with hot cracking in bulk castings of duplex cast steel with a carbon content of approx. 0.06% and with 23% Cr, 8.5% Ni, 3% Mo and 2.4% Cu. The research has shown a significant effect of increased carbon content on the ferrite and austenite microstructure morphology, while exceeding the carbon content of 0.06% results in a change of the shape of primary grains from e

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Li, Chuan-Lu, Feng Qiu, Fang Chang, et al. "Simultaneously Enhanced Strength, Toughness and Ductility of Cast 40Cr Steels Strengthened by Trace Biphase TiCx-TiB2 Nanoparticles." Metals 8, no. 9 (2018): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8090707.

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Simultaneously improving the strength, toughness, and ductility of cast steels has always been a difficult problem for researchers. Biphase TiCx-TiB2 nanoparticle-reinforced cast steels are prepared by adding in situ nanosized biphase TiCx-TiB2/Al master alloy during the casting process. The experimental results show that a series of significant changes take place in the microstructure of the steel: the ferrite-pearlite structure of the as-cast steels and the bainite structure of the steels after heat treatment are refined, the grain size is reduced, and the content of nanoparticles is increas

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27

van gen Hassend, F., and S. Weber. "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Cast Martensitic Stainless Steel." Practical Metallography 58, no. 4 (2021): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2021-0013.

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Abstract The resistance of martensitic stainless steels to wear and corrosion is greatly influenced by the martensitic matrix and the presence of carbides. The precipitation of carbides along the grain boundaries will lead to a significant decrease in fracture toughness and furthermore, will increase the risk of intergranular corrosion. With tools made of corrosion-resistant steel castings, this fact is of particular relevance as coarse eutectic carbide precipitates are normally not sufficiently dissolved during conventional austenitization. In this context, the dissolution of carbides will be

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Anca, Denisa, Iuliana Stan, Mihai Chisamera, Iulian Riposan, and Stelian Stan. "Experimental Study Regarding the Possibility of Blocking the Diffusion of Sulfur at Casting-Mold Interface in Ductile Iron Castings." Coatings 11, no. 6 (2021): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060673.

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The main objective of this work is to investigate the mechanism of sulfur diffusion from the mold (sand resin P-toluol sulfonic acid mold, sulfur-containing acid) in liquid cast iron in order to limit the graphite degeneration in the surface layer of iron castings. A pyramid trunk with square section samples was cast. On the opposite side of the feed canal of the samples, steel sheets with different thicknesses (0.5, 1, and 3 mm) were inserted with the intention of blocking the diffusion of sulfur from the mold into the cast sample during solidification. The structure evaluation (graphite and

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Munteanu, Sorin Ion, Ioan Ciobanu, Aurel Crisan, Tibor Bedo, and Daniel Feraru. "The Influence of the Cooler Material on the Structure and Hardeness Gradient of a Grey Pearlitic Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 1128 (October 2015): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1128.18.

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The structure and properties of grey cast iron castings are considerably influenced by the cooling rate during solidification. In order to obtain grey cast iron parts with a hard superficial layer (wear resistant), external metallic coolers are placed on those surfaces during casting. This is the case of cam pushers, camshafts, driving shafts, metalworking rolls, etc. Cast iron coolers or steel coolers are mostly used in practice. The cooling rate during solidification is influenced by the thermo-physical characteristics of the coolers. This paper presents the results obtained by simulation an

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Berezovskiy, Alexander V., Michael P. Shalimov, and Ekaterina B. Votinova. "The Repair of Defects in High-Manganese Steel Castings by Welding Technology." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.209.

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Welding technologies are used to repair defects in cast parts of high - manganese austenitic steel (Hadfield steel). These include repair welding for newly manufactured castings, welding the formed defects in the old operating cast parts and, finally, for cladding layer of wear-resistant metal on the surface of the cast parts. Manual metal arc welding (MMAW) are used as often as gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and of flux-core wire welding (FCAW-S). These welding processes make possible to obtain a weld metal with the expected quality of the restored surface and a slight distortion of the base me

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Liu, Guo Qi, Hong Xia Li, Wen Gang Yan, Guang Zhou Yan, Jian Bin Yu, and Tian Fei Ma. "Corrosion Mechanism of Functional Refractories for Continuous Casting by Free Cutting Steel." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.348.

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Free cutting steel is energy save material gradually extensive applied in the development of the engineering industry, but it is one of the three steels hard to continuous casting. At high temperatures, the corrosion of refractories by free cutting steels is one of the reasons for free cutting steels hard to continuous cast with a long time. Through the observation of the used refractories microstructure and detail discussions, it is concluded that Al2O3 in alumina carbon materials for the continuous casting is easy to react with FeO or MnO in the steel to form the low-melting point material,

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Norouzi, Saeid, and Hassan Farhangi. "Residual Stress; the Effect of Pouring Temperature and Chemical Composition." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.349.

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In this research, the effects of two variables, pouring temperature and chemical composition, on residual stress/strain have been studied. The residual strain was experimentally measured using the cutting technique and compared for several alloys; carbon steel, stainless steel, Ni-base superalloy, and cast iron. The thermo-elasto-plastic model was used to model the thermal stress distribution during casting and to predict the residual stress from point to point in rectangularshaped steel castings. Simulation results show that stress distribution is related to the thermal gradients throughout t

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Reihle, Matthias, Michael Hofmann, Uwe Wasmuth, Wolfram Volk, Hartmut Hoffmann, and Winfried Petry. "In Situ Strain Measurements during Casting Using Neutron Diffraction." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.484.

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Composite castings exhibit high residual stresses, mainly because of different thermal expansion of the used materials. Similar to the in-cast cylinder liners in a motor block, a composite specimen, consisting of a steel insert and an aluminum cast surrounding, was analyzed by neutron diffraction. The temperature- and time-dependent change of lattice spacing and thus the strain evolution was investigated by in-situ experiments directly after casting and during the cooling of the part. Different cooling conditions were investigated using two different molds, namely a sand and a permanent (steel

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Chen, D. F., L. Huang, M. J. Long, L. Y. Wen, and L. Y. Dong. "Thermal Simulation on Mechanical Properties of Steel Q345 for Continuous Casting Slab." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.69.

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The modeling of solidification in Continuous Casting demands the mechanical properties of steels at high temperature. These mechanical properties parameters provide the design data for the target surface temperature curve and dynamic control modeling of secondary cooling system, and are used to research hot delivery and crack mechanisms of cast slab. The properties parameters of steels can be obtained by physics simulation experiment. Following processing parameters in Continuous Casting, the stress-strain curves and mechanical properties of steel Q345 were tested and analyzed. Then the curves

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Rudnitsky, F. I., and L. P. Dolgiy. "Features of technology for manufacturing cast toolbills from rapid-cutting steel R6M5." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-4-68-74.

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The article presents the results of computer simulation of the crystallization of castings from high-speed steel R6M5, intended for the manufacture of cutters and gear shaping tools in the conditions of OJSC “Minsk Gear Plant”. The use of modeling made it possible to optimize the gating system, reduce this volume of the profitable part by 30–35 % and increase the yield of suitable casting, which made it possible to reduce the consumption of expensive alloying elements introduced into the melt to compensate for burnout during melting and casting.

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Kalandyk, B. "Wear Resistance of 18%Cr-9%Ni Steel Used for Cast Parts of Pumps Operating in Corrosive – Erosive Environments." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 3 (2013): 841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0083.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of experimental studies, the main aim of which has been to demonstrate that changes in the microstructure of austenitic 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel provoked by the addition of 1.4% boron, and boron with titanium, give increased wear resistance. After melting the high-alloyed 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel with an addition of boron, and boron with titanium, metallographic examinations were conducted using light microscopy and SEM. These examinations revealed in the austenitic structure of the 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel, the presence of a eutectic rich in boron and chromium,

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Georgiev, Georgi Evt, Sasho Popov, Valentin Manolov, Rositsa Dimitrova, and Pavel Kuzmanov. "Heat Transfer Process Computer Simulation and Microstructure Prediction During Crystallization of Metal Alloys." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 43, no. 1 (2013): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtam-2013-0007.

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Abstract Processes of crystallization during casting formation from aluminum alloys, steel and cast iron have been studied using 3-D com- puter simulation. Temperature fields of castings have been obtained and the microstructure distribution of these castings has been predicted. A comparison between numerical results and experimental measurement has been performed. It is proved, that the proposed approach is suitable for investigation and analysis of casting technologies.

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Cingi, Celal, Veijo Rauta, Eero Niini, and Juhani Orkas. "Cast Bonding of Cast Irons to Ferritic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2712.

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Composite metal products consisting of two different alloys can be prepared by a few methods. Cast bonding is one of these methods. The bond between the two materials forms primarily in the solid state by diffusion, after casting of a cladding alloy on to the preheated surface of a substrate. In this work, a ferritic stainless steel was used as the substrate, and, gray iron or nodular iron as the cast alloy. It was found that these two alloys can be successfully joined, and under specific casting parameters, a very strong bond develops between the two alloys. Bond strength was found to be grea

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Cui, Cheng Song, Udo Fritsching, Alwin Schulz, Klaus Bauckhage, and Peter Mayr. "Spray Forming of Homogeneous Bearing Steel of Minimized Distortion Potential." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2795.

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To minimize the distortion potential of bearing steels, 100Cr6 steel has been spray formed for the manufacture of ring shape components in this study. Structure characteristics of the spray formed bearing steel have been investigated. Evaluation of distortion of bearing components after machining and heat treatment have been made in comparison with continuous cast material. Spray forming has been approved to be an alternative approach to conventional continuous casting for the production of homogeneous 100Cr6 bearing steel of lower distortion potential.

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Mincu, Valentin, Malin Negru, and Nicolae Constantin. "Increase the Ingots Quality Cast in Vacuum." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.339.

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Most often, product quality is based on purity and homogeneity. To meet these conditions secondary metallurgy was developed including different methods for steel refining, but more important is the choice method of casting and its components. Casting metal melts is one of the key points that can ensure the desired product quality. Depending on the castings complexity, to obtain a high quality material several methods of casting have been developed. One of the most common methods of pouring large ingots is vacuum casting because the metal bath is protected from reoxidation. Another advantage of

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He, Bin Feng. "Simulation and Optimization of Steel Casting by Sand Casting." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.258.

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Casting defects will always occurred in the cast-steel castings. In order to eliminate the shrinkages more and more risers had been used which increased the final cost sharply. The traditional method was used to the designing process; besides that, the foundry simulation software was introduced to prove the rationality of the technique. The software helps to predict the proper position of the shrinkages. The cooling system was optimized after the analyzed and the final simulation results show the rationality of foundry technique.

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Vamsi, M. Madhu, V. Pradeep Kumar, and S. H. Shariff. "A Feasibility Report on the Comparsion of the Characteristics of Manufacturing a Bearing Cover by the Processes of Sand Casting and Shell Moulding." Advanced Materials Research 1148 (June 2018): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1148.204.

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The use of aluminum castings in the automotive industry has increased dramatically over the past two decades. The Al-Si system forms the basis of many important casting alloys, LM 0, LM 2, LM 4, LM 5, LM 6, LM 12, LM 13, LM 24 and LM 26 are the major cast alloys used in aerospace casting (e.g., fuel pump connectors) and premium automotive castings (e.g., suspension arms). The driving force for this increased use is vehicle weight reduction for improved performance, particularly fuel efficiency. In many cases the mechanical properties of the cast aluminum parts are superior to those of the cast

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Lupinca, Cinca Ionel, Constantin Marta, Cristian Fanica, and Ana Maria Budai. "The Study of Nonmetallic Inclusions Formation for Kaplan Blades during the Solidification Process." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.113.

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The exploitation durability of Kaplan hydraulic turbines blades is first of all determined by their structure, by the steel elaboration technology, respectively by the content of non-metallic inclusions and later by the physical-chemical parameters of the exploitation environment.This paper presents a study regarding the situations in which the elaboration-casting technology of Kaplan blades using alloyed austenitic stainless steel, X5CrNiMo17-13-3 which has an important role in the quality of castings. Thus, the authors verify the formation of sulfides and of oxi-sufides during the steel elab

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Cáceres, Carlos H. "Light Alloy Castings for Automotive Applications: The Case of Al vs. Mg." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1801.

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The economical and environmental effects of mass reduction through Al and Mg primary alloys substitutions for cast iron and steel in automotive components are discussed using M.F. Ashby’s penalty functions method. The viability of Mg alloy substitutions for existing Al alloy cast components is also considered. The cost analysis shows that direct, equal-volume, Al alloy substitutions for cast iron and steel are the most feasible in terms of the CAFE liability, followed by substitutions involving flat panels of prescribed stiffness. When the creation of CO2 associated to the production of Al and

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Jiang, Lu, Ross K. W. Marceau, Thomas Dorin, et al. "The Effect of Molybdenum on Precipitation Behaviour in Austenite of Strip-Cast Steels Containing Niobium." Metals 10, no. 10 (2020): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101330.

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Two low-C steels microalloyed with niobium (Nb) were fabricated by simulated strip casting, one with molybdenum (Mo) and the other without Mo. Both steels were heat treated to simulate coiling at 900 °C to investigate the effect of Mo on the precipitation behaviour in austenite in low-C strip-cast Nb steels. The mechanical properties results show that during the isothermal holding at 900 °C the hardness of both steels increases and reaches a peak after 3000 s and then decreased after 10,000 s. Additionally, the hardness of the Mo-containing steel is higher than that of the Mo-free steel in all

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Vasková, I., M. Hrubovčáková, J. Malik, and Š. Eperješi. "Influence of Technological Parameters of Furane Mixtures on Shrinkage Creation in Ductile Cast Iron Castings." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 3 (2014): 1037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0174.

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Abstract Ductile cast iron (GS) has noticed great development in last decades and its boom has no analogue in history humankind. Ductile iron has broaden the use of castings from cast iron into areas, which where exclusively domains for steel castings. Mainly by castings, which weight is very high, is the propensity to shrinkage creation even higher. Shrinkage creation influences mainly material, construction of casting, gating system and mould. Therefore, the main realized experiment was to ascertain the influence of technological parameters of furane mixture on shrinkage creation in castings

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Drotlew, A., M. Garbiak, and B. Piekarski. "Casting of Hearth Plates from High-chromium Steel." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 4 (2014): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0080.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of studies on the development of manufacturing technologies to cast hearth plates operating in chamber furnaces for heat treatment. Castings made from the heat-resistant G-X40CrNiSi27-4 steel were poured in hand-made green sand molds. The following operations were performed: computer simulation to predict the distribution of internal defects in castings produced by the above mentioned technology with risers bare and coated with exothermic and insulating sleeves, analysis of each variant of the technology, and manufacture of experimental castings. As a re

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Sandomirskii, S. G. "ASSESSMENT OF RANGES OF POSSIBLE CHANGE OF TEMPORARY RESISTANCE OF CAST IRON WITH LAMELLAR AND FLAKED GRAPHITE ON THEIR HARDNESS." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 2 (July 4, 2017): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2017-2-40-45.

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The analysis of ranges of possible change of temporary resistance of sB of castings from ductile and gray cast iron is carried out. The analytical description of ranges of change of sВ depending on casting BH hardness is developed. It is shown that the range of change of sВ of pig-iron castings, wider in comparison with steel, with the measured hardness of BH is caused variations of forms and the amount of graphite inclusions at the considered classes of cast iron and influence of thickness of a wall of casting from gray cast iron on dependence of sВ (HB). The result is intended for determinat

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Tereshchenko, A. V., N. A. Khodosovskaya, and I. B. Odarchenko. "Analysis of the causes and conditions for the formation of surface defects on hot‑rolled products from peritectic steel grades obtained under the conditions OJSC “BSW – Management Company of the Holding “BMC”." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (September 10, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2021-3-55-60.

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OJSC “BSW – Management Company of the Holding “BMC” produces a wide range of carbon, high‑quality, alloyed and high‑carbon steel grades, among which a signifi ant share is peritectic grade steels. Basically, the steel of this group is used to produce rolled products intended for the manufacture of components for the automotive industry. The process of production and casting of these steels is characterized by the greatest instability and is often accompanied by rejects and forced sorting of products. This situation is typical for other metallurgical enterprises. Therefore, the search for techn

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Kopyciński, D., E. Guzik, and A. Szczęsny. "Equiaxed and Oriented Microstructure in High Chromium Cast Iron." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 2 (2014): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0119.

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Abstract It has been proved that an addition of boron carbide and shredded steel scrap introduced as an inoculants to the chromium white cast iron changes the microstructure of castings. The operation increases the number of crystallization nuclei of M7C3 carbides. In this case the B4C carbides act as substrates for the nucleation of M7C3 (chromium carbides). Castings after B4C inoculation have fine grain fracture surface. Primary precipitates of chromium carbide also appeared, lowering the mechanical properties of as-cast parts. Additionally, in order to increase the mechanical properties of

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