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Journal articles on the topic 'Steel Casting Industry'
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1
Sołek, K., and L. Trębacz. "Thermo-Mechanical Model of Steel Continuous Casting Process." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0034-3.
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Thermo-Mechanical Model of Steel Continuous Casting Process In the paper a numerical model of heat and mass transfer in the mould zone in the steel continuous casting technology was presented. The model has been developed using ProCAST software designed for simulation of casting processes. It allows to determine temperature and stress distribution in continuous castings in order to optimize the most important process parameters. In this work calculations were executed for low carbon steel grades casted in the industry. In the simulations the real rheological properties measured in the experimental work and the boundary conditions determined on the basis of the industrial data were used.
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Elshan Jafarov, Elshan Jafarov, and Lala Aliyeva Lala Aliyeva. "ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN STEEL PRODUCTION." ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 14, no. 02 (April 18, 2023): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/etm14022023-47.
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Continuous casting is essentially the youngest and most dynamically developing technology in the steel production and casting system as an industrial method of shaped casting process. At present, continuous casting of steel is adopted in more than 90 countries of the world. About 2,000 continuous casting machines (CCMs) of different purposes and designs are now in good operation, which allow casting about 93% of all steel produced in the world. At this time, steel bars with the following maximum cross-sections are produced in the industry: blue 600×670mm, slab 250×3200mm and circular bars with a diameter of 600mm. In many developed countries of the world, almost 95-100% of steel production is produced by continuous casting. is being for example, in 2018, 1.228 billion tons of steel were produced by continuous casting in the world, which is a record in the history of metal production. as a result of experimental studies, proposals were developed for the application of important technologies in the development of non-furnace processing of liquid metal and continuous casting in the Republic. Keywords: Steel making, permanent casting devices, construction, vacuuming, liquid metal, intermediate heat, temperature, impact viscosity, electrometallurgy.
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Nixon, P. G. "Centrispun High Alloy Steel Castings for Gas Turbine Applications." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240076.
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Extensive use has been made by the gas turbine industry of centrispun castings of certain highly alloyed heat resisting steels. The paper outlines the main features of the centrispinning process and discusses the advantages that one could expect, not only in mechanical properties, but also in cost and the casting to shape in refractory molds. Results of mechanical tests on sections cut from representative castings are given and show the high order of the tensile strength to be expected.
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Louhenkilpi, Seppo, Jukka Laine, Jyrki Miettinen, and Risto Vesanen. "New Continuous Casting and Slab Tracking Simulators for Steel Industry." Materials Science Forum 762 (July 2013): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.762.691.
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Research group of Metallurgy at Aalto University has been developing simulation models and tools for continuous casting since from the early 80s. The main models developed are the heat transfer model, DYN3D, and the solidification and microstructure model IDS. The models have been further developed and integrated to a continuous casting simulator and to a slab simulator. The continuous casting simulator calculates the important phenomena taking place in the strand during casting and the slab simulator calculates the phenomena taking place in the slabs when they are transferred from caster to reheating furnace. The numerical solution algorithms in the simulators are so fast that they can be used in on-line applications. The simulators have today many new options as hydrogen removal and quality prediction modules. In this paper, the simulators and their modules are presented.
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Chen, Xiang-Ru, Qi-Jie Zhai, Han Dong, Bao-Hua Dai, and Hardy Mohrbacher. "Molybdenum alloying in cast iron and steel." Advances in Manufacturing 8, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40436-019-00282-1.
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AbstractMetal casting is an important manufacturing technology for efficiently producing massive components with complex shape. A large share of industrial castings is made from iron and steel alloys, combining attractive properties and low production cost. Upgrading of properties in cast iron and steel is mainly achieved by alloying and in fewer cases by heat treatment. Molybdenum is an important alloying element in that respect, increasing strength, hardness and toughness. It also facilitates particular heat treatments such as austempering. The paper describes the metallurgical functionality of molybdenum alloying in iron-based castings and demonstrates its effectiveness for applications in the automotive and mining industry.
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Wans, Jochen, J. Bausch, J. Hecken, and J. Schlüter. "Near-Net-Shape Casting of Steel - The Belt Casting Technology." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3634.
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The production of value added products made of high-alloyed Mn-, Al-, Si-steel grades is coupled to the casting technology. Conventional casting technologies will not fulfill the requirements concerning interaction between steel and casting flux as well as guiding as cast material without stress. Mechanical engineers are invited for further developments in the field of near-net-shape casting technologies to meet above mentioned demands. The Belt Casting Technology seems to be the answer but has to document the potential for an industrial standard process. The main process characteristics of the casting machine are high casting speed, moving mould consisting of a conveyor belt and side dams, complete inertisation and horizontal material flow. The process is already common at the nonferrous metal industry. A labo-ratory caster for steel is located at Clausthal University of Technology.
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Josan, A., C. Pinca-Bretotean, E. Ardelean, and M. Ardelean. "Management of the process of moulding-casting a steel part in order to optimize it." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2540, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2540/1/012039.
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Abstract The foundry industry occupies an important position in the manufacture of castings, both through the existing production capacities and through the remarkable achievements registered in various fields and industries. The goal of steel foundry industry leaders is to meet the demands of both the entire market and individual customers, to develop new products, to improve available technologies, and to implement new “green” projects while optimizing all processes in the foundry. In this context, this paper presents the possibility of optimizing the process of moulding-casting a steel part that can be used in various industries (mechanics, machine building, mining etc.). The non-conformities of the current moulding-casting technology are identified and actions are proposed to remove them. By applying changes in technology, the rejects registered in the industrial practice is significantly reduced, the quality of the production process is improved, which is reflected in the costs of the enterprise.
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Slater, Carl, and Claire Davis. "Near Net Shape Casting: Is It Possible to Cast Too Thin?" Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 51, no. 6 (September 28, 2020): 2532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01964-z.
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AbstractWith increased efforts across the steel industry to produce steel in more economical ways, interest in near net shape casting has increased. Although much has been reported on the production of exotic alloys via these methods, to make the investment in new casting equipment, capability to produce current high value steels by these methods would derisk the capital expenditure. This study assesses the production of a dual phase steel (DP800) by belt casting and compared to that of conventional continuous casting. Although a drop in yield and tensile strength was seen in the belt cast-produced material, the increased elongation allowed for a comparable/improved UTS × elongation factor. A combination of in situ dendrite measurements, thermal modeling, and lab-scale belt casting has allowed insight into the relationship between cast thickness and final band spacing. The inherent lack of deformation of near net shape casting results in coarser band spacing and is not accounted for by the refinement of the secondary arm spacing caused by the faster solidification rates. This limits the strength achievable for a given martensite volume fraction. This has been predicted across the full range of casting thicknesses (1 to 230 mm) and good agreement has been shown with experimental results.
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Choudhari, C. M., K. J. Padalkar, K. K. Dhumal, B. E. Narkhede, and S. K. Mahajan. "Defect Free Casting by Using Simulation Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 1130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.1130.
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The use of Aluminum castings parts in the automotive industry has increased dramatically over the past few decades. The driving force for this increased use is vehicle weight reduction for improved performance. In many cases the mechanical properties of the cast aluminum parts are superior to those of the cast iron or wrought steel parts being used.This paper proposes the computer simulation of the sand casting of Aluminum Plate. It aims to study the behavior of fluid flow during mould filling and solidification and to optimize the process parameters, which help to predict and control casting defects such as gas porosity and shrinkage porosity. Here an attempt is being made to model and simulate the casting process using the AutoCAST software. The technological as well as practical aspects of using casting software are illustrated with an industrial case study.
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Vamsi, M. Madhu, V. Pradeep Kumar, and S. H. Shariff. "A Feasibility Report on the Comparsion of the Characteristics of Manufacturing a Bearing Cover by the Processes of Sand Casting and Shell Moulding." Advanced Materials Research 1148 (June 2018): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1148.204.
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The use of aluminum castings in the automotive industry has increased dramatically over the past two decades. The Al-Si system forms the basis of many important casting alloys, LM 0, LM 2, LM 4, LM 5, LM 6, LM 12, LM 13, LM 24 and LM 26 are the major cast alloys used in aerospace casting (e.g., fuel pump connectors) and premium automotive castings (e.g., suspension arms). The driving force for this increased use is vehicle weight reduction for improved performance, particularly fuel efficiency. In many cases the mechanical properties of the cast aluminum parts are superior to those of the cast iron or wrought steel parts being replaced; however, in some applications, defects in the cast microstructure undermine performance characteristics.
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Eron'ko, S. P., M. Yu Tkachev, E. A. Ponamareva, and E. V. Oshovskaya. "Prospects of small capacity ca sting ladles transfer to stopperless casting of steel." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 8 (September 3, 2020): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-8-803-809.
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Despite encouraging results, obtained at pilot tests, attempts to substitute the stopper facilities by sliding gates at casting ladles of small capacity, used at foundries of machine-building plants, did not result in their implementation in industry. The problems of transferring casting ladles with a capacity of up to 10 tons to continuous casting of steel, due to the peculiarities of their operation under conditions of obtaining low-weight castings, were considered. Priority problems were noted, the successful solution of which will confirm the prospects of using slide gates in foundry. The main requirements for a steel tapping gate system of a casting ladle of small tonnage are as follows: autonomy of the power supply of the shutter drive, eliminating the need to move flexible hoses over a long distance along the working platform; guaranteed start of casting in normal mode without burning the channel with oxygen; the stability of the node pressing the refractory plates of the slide gate to high temperatures in the absence of forced air cooling; the possibility of an active influence on reducing the intensity of the process of overgrowing of the steel outlet of the ladle in the course of filling molds. As a constructive solution aimed at fulfilling the indicated conditions, it was proposed to use a balancer-type cartridge valve equipped with a modernized electromechanical actuator and auxiliary devices for starting casting in normal mode due to mechanical destruction of the crust at the entrance to the steel outlet channel, as well as heating its walls in the closed state when moving the ladle from one form to another. It was recognized that participation on a parity basis in the creation of a promising sliding gate system for foundry ladles with a capacity of up to 10 tons of several development organizations with practical experience in this technical field is worthwhile.
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Liu, Guo Qi, Hong Xia Li, Wen Gang Yan, Guang Zhou Yan, Jian Bin Yu, and Tian Fei Ma. "Corrosion Mechanism of Functional Refractories for Continuous Casting by Free Cutting Steel." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.348.
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Free cutting steel is energy save material gradually extensive applied in the development of the engineering industry, but it is one of the three steels hard to continuous casting. At high temperatures, the corrosion of refractories by free cutting steels is one of the reasons for free cutting steels hard to continuous cast with a long time. Through the observation of the used refractories microstructure and detail discussions, it is concluded that Al2O3 in alumina carbon materials for the continuous casting is easy to react with FeO or MnO in the steel to form the low-melting point material, which is the main reason for the corrosion of the refractories when used to cast free cutting steels. After decarburized layer is formed on the hot surface of the spinel-carbon material, low-melting point materials will infiltrate into the decarburized layer and separate the particles into an isolated state, which will result in the corrosion of the materials by the scour of the molten steel. Through the formation of composite bond in the spinel-carbon materials, the corrosion resistance to the free cutting steels can be further improved. Based on the corrosion mechanism, the suggestions for the functional refractories with high corrosion resistance to free cutting steels are also provided.
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Saveliev, М. V., А. V. Chiglintsev, D. V. Sushnikov, P. V. Ekkert, and V. Yu Elin. "Development of steel continuous casting at the Nizhny Tagil steel-works." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 6 (July 21, 2020): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-6-550-555.
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Steel continuous casting is one of fundamentals of modern steel industry. Specialists of Nizhny Tagil steel-works (NTMK) made an important contribution to the process perfection. The one-strand slab CCM of curvilinear type with radial mold and slab straightening by multipoint curve, designed and manufactured at Uralmashzavod, became a prototype for many machines, which were later manufactured at domestic and foreign steel-works in the end of 60th of the previous century. In the process of mastering of CCMs, which were put into operation within the programs of the plant modernization and transferring to BOF production with steel continuous casting, the CCMs were significantly modernized and technology of casting was perfected. To bring down the impact on the solidifying billet peel and decrease a billet swell, the scheme of the supporting rollers location was changed, which enabled to increase the length of the supported zone. A principally new scheme of billets cooling was implemented, which ensured a softer and uniform secondary cooling due to water-air “fog”. To create optimal conditions of axis zone forming during production of round billets of 430 mm diameter, a technology of protective heat screens application was used. The protective screens were installed in the end of ingot solidification zone. A large work was done on determination of optimal technological casting parameters – temperature and speed modes, types of slag forming mixtures, types of heat-insulating mixtures, methods of metal protection in the process of casting. As a result of the work done, at EVRAZ NTMK a complex of steel continuous casting was created, which enables to be flexible depending on the varying situation at the market and to produce continuously casted billets of various dimensions and wide range of steel grades.
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Li, Na, Jun Qiao, Junwei Zhang, Minghong Sha, and Shengli Li. "Phosphorus Segregation in Meta-Rapidly Solidified Carbon Steels." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 9 (September 26, 2017): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0066.
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AbstractTwin-roll strip casters for near-net-shape manufacture of steels have received increased attention in the steel industry. Although negative segregation of phosphorus occurred in twin-roll strip casting (TRSC) steels in our prior work, its mechanism is still unclear. In this work, V-shaped molds were designed and used to simulate a meta-rapid solidification process without roll separating force during twin roll casting of carbon steels. Experimental results show that no obvious phosphorus segregation exist in the V-shaped mold casting (VMC) steels. By comparing TRSC and the VMC, it is proposed that the negative phosphorus segregation during TRSC results from phosphorus redistribution driven by recirculating and vortex flow in the molten pool. Meanwhile, solute atoms near the advancing interface are overtaken and incorporated into the solid because of the high solidification speed. The high rolling force could promote the negative segregation of alloying elements in TRSC.
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Mauder, Tomas, and Michal Brezina. "Reduction of CO2 Emissions in Steelmaking by Means of Utilization of Steel Plant Waste Heat to Stabilize Seasonal Cooling Water Temperature." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 5957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115957.
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Production of overall CO2 emissions has exhibited a significant reduction in almost every industry in the last decades. The steelmaking industry is still one of the most significant producers of CO2 emissions worldwide. The processes and facilities used at steel plants, such as the blast furnace and the electric arc furnace, generate a large amount of waste heat, which can be recovered and meaningfully used. Another way to reduce CO2 emissions is to reduce the number of low-quality steel products which, due to poor final quality, need to be scrapped. Steel product quality is strongly dependent on the continuous casting process where the molten steel is converted into solid semifinished products such as slabs, blooms, or billets. It was observed that the crack formation can be affected by the water cooling temperature used for spray cooling which varies during the year. Therefore, a proper determination of the cooling water temperature can prevent the occurrence of steel defects. The main idea is based on the utilization of the waste heat inside the steel plant for preheating the cooling water used for spray cooling in the Continuous Casting (CC) process in terms of water temperature stabilization. This approach can improve the quality of steel and contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The results show that, in the case of billet casting, a reduction in the cooling water consumption can be also reached. The presented tools for achieving these goals are based on laboratory experiments and on advanced numerical simulations of the casting process.
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Zdonek, B., I. Szypuła, J. Kozłowski, and S. Szczęch. "Secondary Steel Refining for Continuous Sequence Bloom Casting for High Oxide Cleanness Final Products." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0033-4.
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Secondary Steel Refining for Continuous Sequence Bloom Casting for High Oxide Cleanness Final ProductsSteelmaking and secondary refining process technology of resulphurized liquid steel with low content of total oxygen, assigned for continuous casting of strands for rolled and forged products for automotive industry was developed. The influence of secondary steel refining parameters on total oxygen content as well as amount and morphology of non-metallic inclusions was examined. It was found, that content of total oxygen and amount of non-metallic inclusions in steel decrease as steel refining time in the ladle becomes longer, and the chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions in steel changes from modified calcium aluminates to spinel inclusion of CaO·Al2O3·MgO type. The total oxygen content in steel from continuous casting in four cast sequence ranged from 6 to 25 ppm, with percentage share of non-metallic inclusions from 0.09 to 0.30 per cent and equivalent diameter 0.78 to 1.59 μm.
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Tereshchenko, A. V., N. A. Khodosovskaya, and I. B. Odarchenko. "Analysis of the causes and conditions for the formation of surface defects on hot‑rolled products from peritectic steel grades obtained under the conditions OJSC “BSW – Management Company of the Holding “BMC”." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (September 10, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2021-3-55-60.
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OJSC “BSW – Management Company of the Holding “BMC” produces a wide range of carbon, high‑quality, alloyed and high‑carbon steel grades, among which a signifi ant share is peritectic grade steels. Basically, the steel of this group is used to produce rolled products intended for the manufacture of components for the automotive industry. The process of production and casting of these steels is characterized by the greatest instability and is often accompanied by rejects and forced sorting of products. This situation is typical for other metallurgical enterprises. Therefore, the search for technological solutions that ensure an increase in the yield while maintaining the existing productivity of metallurgical units is an urgent aspect of improving the technology of continuous casting of peritectic grade steels. At the same time, the main scientific and technical task is to obtain a stable quality of continuously cast billets, aimed at preventing and eliminating the formation of a number of characteristic defects, primarily cracks on the surface of continuously cast billets and rolled products. The search for methods and technological solutions to improve the quality of products made of peritectic grade steel is the goal of the ongoing research.
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Imran, Mohammad, Rajpreet Dhaliwal, and Syed H. Masood. "Thermal Analysis of a Bi-Metallic Chill Vent for High Pressure Die Casting." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.791.
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High pressure die casting (HPDC) is widely used for manufacturing aluminum parts in automotive industry. In high pressure die casting mold, chill vents are used to allow residual air and gases to exhaust out from the mold cavity. The objective of this paper is to design and develop a bi- metallic chill vent for high pressure die casting using copper alloy material having high thermal conductivity, coated with steel layer on the surface. Transient thermal analysis was carried out using ANSYS software, and temperature distribution was compared with bimetallic and tool steel chill vents. The results show a faster extraction of heat in bi-metallic chill vent than that with steel. This paper also presents the effect of varying internal diameter of cooling channel in chill vent cooling.
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Nguyen Thanh, Hai, Tri Pham Huu, Tung Le Thanh, Thien Vo Tan, Qui Dao Duy, and Khanh Bui Duy. "Design of metal casting mold for ADC 12 aluminium alloy with assistance of 20 kHz ultrasonic vibration." Journal of Science and Technology of Metal 97 (August 28, 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52923/vmfs.jstm.82021.97.04.
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Metal mold casting is widely used in industry because of higher accuracy than sand casting and lower cost than diecasting. Metal mold casting can yield products with complex shapes and adjustable cooling rate. In this work, designing and fabrication of 20 kHz ultrasonic assisted mold casting using 20Cr steel are studied. Some major components such as motor, heater power, melting chamber are selected and calculated. Model for heating and pouring the ADC 12 alloy is designed. Samples with and without ultrasonic vibration are investigated using 3D laser scan.
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Zhao, Dan, Jie Yun Cheng, Jing Chen, Hui Gai Li, and Shao Bo Zheng. "Thermodynamics of Amorphous Silicon Oxides in Sub-Rapid Solidified Low Carbon Steel." Materials Science Forum 816 (April 2015): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.816.788.
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Strip casting technology leads a new revolutionary change for steel industry, which solidification rate could be 100-1000 K/s. The study on the size and structure of deoxidation products from the sub-rapid solidification will be of great significant in promoting the mechanical properties of the strip continuous casting steels. In the paper, the silicon oxide inclusions precipitated in sub-rapid solidified low carbon steel were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results indicated that a large number of spherical silicon oxides were dispersed as amorphous state, and the size range was in hundreds nanometers. According to the thermodynamic calculation and inference, the silicon oxides would precipitate during the sub-rapid solidification of low carbon steel. SiO2, which structure is as approximate “liquid” and the melting temperature has been reduced under nanoeffect, has been frozen in amorphous state under high solidification rate. Amorphous SiO2 precipitated in steel may be due to the structural relaxation caused by high viscosity. The larger average size of amorphous SiO2 was detected at higher solidification rate, which is attributed to the cause to the higher hardening rate.
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Vrbek, K., J. Lamut, M. Marolt, and M. Knap. "Changes in Hydrogen Content During Steelmaking." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0047.
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Abstract Štore Steel produces steel grades for spring, forging and engineering industry applications. Steelmaking technology consists of scrap melting in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), secondary metallurgy in Ladle Furnace (LF) and continuous casting of billets (CC). Hydrogen content during steelmaking of various steel grades and steelmaking technologies was measured. Samples of steel melt from EAF, LF and CC were collected and investigated. Sampling from Electric Arc Furnace and Ladle Furnace was carried out using vacuum pin tubes. Regular measurements of hydrogen content in steel melt were made using Hydris device. Hydrogen content results measured in tundish by Hydris device were compared with results from pin tube samples. Based on the measurement results it was established that hydrogen content during steelmaking increases. The highest values were determined in tundish during casting. Factors that influence the hydrogen content in liquid steel the most were steelmaking technology and alloying elements.
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Jabłońska, Magdalena, Dariusz Kuc, Grzegorz Niewielski, and Bartosz Chmiela. "Influence of the Thermo-Mechanical Treatment on the Properties and Microstructure of High Manganese Austenitic-Ferritic Steel." Solid State Phenomena 226 (January 2015): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.226.75.
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New generation high-strength austenitic and austenitic-ferritic manganese steels represent a valid potential in applications for components in the automotive and railway industry due to the perfect combination of high mechanical properties and formability. Applying this new steels with their combination of properties allows for reduce the weight of vehicles by the use reduced cross-section components and thus to reduce fuel consumption. The development and implementation of industrial production and the use as construction materials such interesting and promising steel is conditioned to improve their casting properties and susceptibility to deformation during thermomechanical processes conditions. In this work, applied an new high manganese austenitic-ferritic steel for analysis the influence of the cooling medium in thermomechanical processes on the mechanical properties and structure of researched steel. The steel was hot rolled with finish temperature 900°C and next cooled with different conditions. Change the cooling conditions effect on the changes in the microstructure of the tested steel, observed grain refinement of austenite and ferrite morphology change. Also are changing the mechanical characteristics of the tested steel.
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Li, An Long, Zhi Hong Wang, Bo Xue Sun, and Si Wen Gao. "Analysis of Water Consumption Intensity for Steel Production in China." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 1465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1465.
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The water consumption intensity of steel production through BF-BOF technology was decomposed by an innovative process-based water-accounting model, i.e., water-balance model. One ton of steel product was chosen to be the functional unit. The system boundary of the case study included the production processes of coking, sintering, iron making, steel making, continuous casting and rolling. The results showed that the water consumption intensity of steel production was 3.969t/t in this case. The water consumption of evaporation, solidification and wastewater were 2.373t, 0.013t and 1.583t, accounting for 59.79%, 0.33% and 39.88% of the total water consumption, respectively. Steel rolling is the largest contributor to water consumption, and the amount of water consumption is 1.523t, accounting for 38.37% of the total water consumption; followed by coking process and continuous casting process, the amounts of which are 0.814t (20.50%) and 0.634t (15.97%), respectively. This finding can push the utilization of advanced technologies to save water resource in steel industry.
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Mukai, Kusuhiro, Masafumi Zeze, and Takashi Morohoshi. "Motion of Fine Particles under Interfacial Tension Gradient in Relation to Solidification of Steel." Materials Science Forum 508 (March 2006): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.211.
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It is important to understand the behavior of argon gas bubbles and non-metallic inclusions in front of the solidifying shell in order to improve the surface quality of steel products, in the steelmaking industry. Based on a series of fundamental researches on the motion of fine particles under the interfacial tension gradient, Mukai and Lin [1] proposed a new mechanism wherein the solute concentration gradient in front of the solidifying shell, which is the interfacial tension gradient between liquid steel and particles, plays an important role in the entrapment of argon gas bubbles and non-metallic inclusions by the solidifying shell in continuous casting of steel. Developing this idea, this paper proposes Mukai-value M for use in estimating the dependence of the interfacial gradient force required to entrap the particles on solute concentrations of steel. Use of this index enables rapid quantitative prediction of the behavior of argon gas bubbles and non-metallic inclusions in the continuous casting of steel.
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Opsal Bakke, Aina, Arne Nordmark, Lars Arnberg, and Yanjun Li. "Interfacial microstructure formation in A356/steel compound castings using metal coating." MATEC Web of Conferences 326 (2020): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032606005.
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Compound castings between aluminum and steel have great potential for applications in the automotive industry. However, due to large differences in thermal and mechanical properties between steel and aluminum, and the formation of stable aluminum oxides at the interface, it is difficult to form high strength metallic bonding between the two metals. In this work, A356/steel compound castings were produced through a gravity casting process. Various metal coatings, including galvanizing, aluminizing and brass-coating, were applied on the steel inserts to ensure that the A356 aluminum melt could react sufficiently with an oxide-free steel surface, resulting in a high-quality metallurgical bond. The reaction layer formed between the alloys was investigated using Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). In addition, Vickers Micro-hardness was measured across the aluminum-steel interface. Results showed that metallurgical bonding could be achieved with all three coatings. However, for the brass-coated components only local bonding areas were found. In the aluminized and galvanized components, thick reaction layers consisting of binary Al-Fe and ternary Al-Fe-Si phases formed in the aluminum-steel interface. Between the A356 aluminum and aluminized layer, nearly no reaction layer formed. The mechanism for the formation of the various intermetallic phases at the reaction layers are discussed.
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Wang, Xing Juan, Li Guang Zhu, and Ran Liu. "Present Situation and Development Perspective of Soft-Contact Electromagnetic Continuous Casting Technology." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.56.
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Soft-contact electromagnetic continuous casting is one of innovative technologies for the development of steel industry. In this paper, the present situation was reviewed from five aspects: the soft-contact mold material and structure parameter design, the electromagnetic field distribution, the meniscus shape and movement behavior, casting slab surface quality improvement mechanism and the method of magnetic fields imposed. The main questions of the technology were analysed, and the remarhable in the process of industrialization were pointed out.
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Matveev, B. N. "New economically effective steel strips production technologies (based on materials of international conferences)." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 2 (March 19, 2020): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-2-153-162.
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Production of steel rolled products by using traditional metallurgical technologies are rather material- and energyintensive and its concentration at gigantic steel plants resulted in the increased expenses for transportation of raw materials and finished products. To solve the problems, a practice of comparatively small metallurgical plants (mini-mills) construction is becoming widespread in the world steel industry. The mini-mills include modern electric arc furnaces, ladle steel treatment facilities and steel continuous casters combined with continuous rolling mills. The review complied from materials of international conferences, taken place in 2015–2019. In the review achievements in equipment and technology of metal products at mini-mills development considered, as well as analysis of modern economical methods of steel coils presented. It was shown, that the methods of strips endless rolling, widely used already at industrial scale in several countries, enable producing rather thin hot-rolled strips from liquid steel. Universal casting-rolling aggregates (CRA) developed, by which high quality strips of rather wide assortment can be produced. For a mass production of rather thin (down to 0.8 mm) hot-rolled strips, which can in many applications substitute more expensive coldrolled ones, compact aggregates of endless casting-rolling are recommended, which provide the yield of up to 98%. Concepts of the CRA elaborated for production of steel strips of wide assortment, from ultrathin strips to thick (25 mm) ones. The concepts include application of thermomechanical treatment to increase the mechanical properties of the rolled products from various steels, including low-alloyed ones.
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Klinkenberg, Christian, Akhil Varghese, Christoph Heering, Olga Lamukhina, Uwe Grafe, and Kirill Tokmakov. "3rd Generation AHSS by Thin Slab Technology." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.627.
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Modern steel making and hot rolling processes like CSP® thin slab technology require precise data on casting and rolling behavior of the produced steel grades. Up today only few data is available for the latest generations of advanced high strength steel (AHSS) grades. AHSS have developed by 3 generations [1, 2]. 1st Generation AHSS as dual phase (DP), complex phase (CP), martensitic (MS) and transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel grades are currently applied in automotive industry. 2nd and 3rd Generation AHSS typically have elevated Mn-content as well as Al and Si content. High Mn-content of up to 30% seriously affects casting and forming properties of 2nd Generation AHSS. In particular, the large solidification range of more than 100 K prevents commercial production of these steel grades by continuous casting [3]. 3rd Generation AHSS with reduced Mn-content up to about 12% are currently under development [1-4]. Investigations have been carried out to assess the CSP® thin slab process for the production of such grades. To this purpose solidification and hot forming properties of different alloys having Mn-content up to 10% have been examined by thermodynamic calculations and laboratory testing by hot forming dilatometry. The achieved flow curves match figures achieved on a hot rolling mill.
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Sahoo, Seshadev. "Review on Vertical Twin-Roll Strip Casting: A Key Technology for Quality Strips." Journal of Metallurgy 2016 (August 9, 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1038950.
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Nowadays near-net-shape casting technology is an important area of research in the iron and steel industry. Among different kinds of near-net-shape casting process, twin-roll casting process has received much attention among researchers. Twin-roll casting (TRC) has been the subject of extensive research, not only to develop the technology but also to achieve an understanding of microstructural evolution and to produce quality strips. The main issues concerning the design and operation of twin-roll casters are metal-mold heat transfer, metal delivery system, and their possible effects on the solid shell formation and characteristics of the strips. The present review gives an idea about the process aspect, modeling, and quality issues in vertical twin-roll strip casting process and helps to improve the design of twin-roll strip caster.
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Zolotukhin, V. I., A. G. Golovko, E. I. Gordeev, and D. A. Provotorov. "MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR REFINING AND CASTING OF STEEL AND ALLOYS IN FOUNDRY PRODUCTION." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-1-28-33.
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The article deals with the issues of complex technology and equipment for refining and casting steel and alloys in the foundry industry. Solutions are given that make it possible to guarantee a reduction in nonmetallic inclusions in the melt, as well as to solve a number of other related problems of foundry production, such as the introduction of a bottom blowing melt system with an inert gas; the introduction of protection of the metal stream from secondary oxidation; lining the arch of an electric arc furnace, etc. Various types of products and equipment produced by NPP Vulkan-TM are shown: blowing bottom plugs and assemblies, metering nozzles, gas-dynamic protection of the metal stream from secondary oxidation, two-arm wire-feeding machine mod. TAP 2–1 with unwinding device.Advantages of the equipment for steel casting and extra-furnace steel processing are described.
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BREZINOVÁ, Janette, Ján VIŇÁŠ, Dagmar DRAGANOVSKÁ, Anna GUZANOVÁ, and Jakub BREZINA. "POSSIBILITIES OF RENOVATION FUNCTIONAL SURFACES OF EQUIPMENTS IN THE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING INDUSTRY." Applied Computer Science 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/acs-2018-13.
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The paper analyzes the possibilities of increasing the lifespan of rollers in continuous steel casting line. There are analyzed the causes of the surface rollers damage and the impact of degrading factors in metallurgical production. Three types of welding consumable electrodes designed for restoration layers formation applied by SAW surfacing technology were analyzed. There were analyzed microstructure, microhardness and properties of weld clads in tribological conditions.
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Liao, Yao Tang, Tsung Cheng Wu, and Tzu Chuan Chou. "Key Anti-Friction Technology Breakthrough in Steel Collars: First Using Electro Slag Remelting in the Second Remelting of HSS Collars." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.39.
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This is the first time in the steel industry that the steel mill applies the electro slag remelting to high-tungsten HSS roll collars for the second remelting after centrifugal casting. Such successful innovation in high-tungsten HSS roll collars dramatically enhances the life span of HSS roll collars more than that of ordinary alloy steel cast roll collars. Besides, this technology breakthrough improves the anti-friction bearing of collars and it leads to more efficient and economical advantages. The experiments evidences are presented in this study.
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Ardelean, Erika, T. Hepuţ, and Marius Ardelean. "Research Concerning the Obtaining From Industrial Wastes of a Cover Powder Used in Steel Continuous Casting." Advanced Materials Research 23 (October 2007): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.23.329.
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The paper presents research carried out in order to obtain thermo-isolating and covering powder used in the Tundish of the continuous casting installations. This powder is made by using different types of waste originating in the iron and steel industry and in the energy industry, such as: thermal power-station ashes, furnace slag, B.C.A. scraps, limestone, black ash, fluorine, raw dolomite, graphite powder. The powder thus obtained must have a faster melting speed and a lower melting temperature; it does not make the steel impure or diminish the heat losses through radiation. An effect of applying the experimental results in industry, besides financial economies, is to obtain an accelerated integration of a technological process in companies, according to European Union requirements regarding the preservation of the environment.
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Yuono, Nanang, and Rudi Siswanto. "PENGARUH TEMPERATUR TUANG TERHADAP POROSITAS, STUKTUR MIKRO DAN KEKERASAN DARI ALUMUNIUM WAJAN NAGARA DAN WAJAN JAWA MENGGUNAKAN PENGECORAN EVAPORATIF." JTAM ROTARY 4, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtam_rotary.v4i1.5664.
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Aluminum and its alloys are the second largest metal materials used after steel. Applications and aluminum alloys are very diverse ranging from building vehicle bodies engine components components to ships to applications on airplanes. The strength and hardness of high aluminum alloys,one of the applications of aluminum as a component in the motor is as an ingredient for making alloy wheels, more specifically aluminum alloys. Used aluminum can be obtained from the remnants of the industry making aluminum doors, windows and frames, making aluminum shelves and storefronts, and other products with aluminum profiles as the main material. many of them use aluminum scrap as their main casting material to reduce production costs. Evaporative or casting casting using Styrofoam or a lost foam casting pattern is a casting using a material pattern that can evaporate when exposed to molten metal heat. Casting uses a temperature of 650 ° C, 700 ° C, 750 ° C, 800 ° C. The results of casting temperatures can affect porosity, microstructure, and hardness.
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Senge, Stefan, and Gerhard Hirt. "Evaluation of Modular Roll-Setup to Roll Grooves into Steel Sheets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 794 (October 2015): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.794.120.
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Hybrid structures made of aluminium and steel are used in an increasing amount to produce lightweight optimised parts, e.g. for the automotive industry. One option to produce these optimised components is a combination of a steel sheet with a reinforcing aluminium rib structure by high pressure die casting. Achieving a reliable junction between the different materials during the short casting time is a major challenge in creating these hybrid components. Improving this junction is the topic of an ongoing research study in which a form closure connection is enabled by structuring the steel surface prior to the casting process. In order to meet the demands of the later application, the surface structure has to ensure the filling during the casting as well as a stable form closure connection. Thus, deep groove structures with a perpendicular wall angel straight to the casting direction were identified, since a deeper structure increases the clamping area and a perpendicular wall angle improves the form closure connection. However, the production of this structure in a large scale and a short time becomes difficult using conventional structuring processes. In this work the capability of an adapted rolling process which consists of stacked discs with varying thickness and diameter was studied in order to manufacture these grooves. Several experiments were performed to determine the influence of the height reduction and rolling force on the resulting structure. First results obtained with the presented experiments show the good predictability of the resulting size of the structure depending on the thickness reduction and the rolling force normalised to one millimetre structured width.
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Ramasubramaniam, M., M. Mathirajan, and V. Ramachandran. "Minimising makespan on a single heat-treatment furnace in the steel casting industry." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 7, no. 1 (2010): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2010.033146.
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Tarr, David G. "The Efficient Diffusion of Steel Technology Across Nations." Journal of Public Policy 5, no. 4 (October 1985): 541–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00003317.
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ABSTRACTThis paper attempts to explain what influenced efficient decisions in the adoption of important technology in the steel industry. An index of efficient decisions for the adoption of the basic oxygen furnace and for continuous casting is discussed theoretically and then empirically developed for the steel industries of 28 and 27 countries respectively. Statistical tests are performed to determine the influence of government ownership of the steel industries, central planning of the economies and involvement in international competition on efficient decisions regarding technology adoption. The tests reveal that both government ownership and central planning retarded efficient decisions regarding the adoption of technology.
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Al-Zboon, Kamel K., and Osric Tening Forton. "Indoor Air Quality in Steel Making Industries." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v8i1.14315.
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Steel making industry is one of the major contributors to the global environmental catastrophes including climate change, photochemical smog and depletion of the ozone layer. Emissions from steel making process result in health impacts on workers and the neighboring communities. This study aimed to investigate indoor air quality in a steel making industry in Saudi Arabia. Indicative pollutants, SO2, NOx, CO, CO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured at eight locations across the factory. The obtained results indicated that loading, melting, slag pouring and casting stages are the major sources of indoor air pollution. In comparison with the ambient air, indoor concentrations increased up to: 13.50, 9.8, 1.29, 2.7, 15.6, times for SO2, NOx, CO2, VOCs, O3, respectively. Periodical medical check, pollution control, using of uncontaminated scrap, compliance with H&S regulations, are the key factors in reducing indoor emissions and subsequently improve occupational health.
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Herbáth, Beáta, Kristóf Kovács, and Miklós Jakab. "The Effect of Different Accelerators on the Corrosion Protection of a Surface Coating on Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron (Ductile Iron)." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 51, no. 1 (July 4, 2023): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33927/hjic-2023-07.
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This study investigates the structure and composition of the zinc phosphate coating formed on the surface of nodular cast iron as well as the corrosion resistance of the electrophoretic paint applied to the conversion layers when nitrite-based and nitroguanidine accelerators are used. In the case of different accelerators, the structure of the zinc phosphate layer that forms when exposed to low, normal and high dosages was examined. This type of casting, in addition to steel casting, is commonly used in the production of agricultural vehicles due to its favorable mechanical properties. Although the majority of studies have summarized its application in the automotive industry by focusing on the phosphating of steel, galvanized steel and aluminum-based alloys, on complex vehicle assembly lines, cast iron is also used in phosphating processes that occur simultaneously. During our investigation into the use of different accelerators, a different crystal structure formed on the surface of the cast iron but did not affect the corrosion resistance of the electrophoretic painted samples.
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Jumalik, Jumalik, and Rudi Siswanto. "PENGARUH TEMPERATUR TUANG TERHADAP POROSITAS, STUKTUR MIKRO DAN KEKERASAN DARI ALUMUNIUM RONGSOK BALING-BALING KAPAL MENGGUNAKAN PENGECORAN EVAPORATIF." JTAM ROTARY 4, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtam_rotary.v4i1.5541.
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Aluminum and its alloys are the second largest metal material used after steel. Aluminum applications and alloys are very diverse, ranging from buildings, vehicle bodies, engine components, components to ships, to applications on aircraft. The strength and hardness of aluminum alloys are high, one application of aluminum as a component on a ship is as a material for making propellers on traditional fishing boats, more specifically aluminum alloy. Used aluminum can be obtained from the remnants of the industry making aluminum doors, windows and frames, making aluminum racks and storefronts, and other products with aluminum profile as the main material. many of them use aluminum alloy scrap as their main casting material to reduce their production costs. Evaporative or casting casting using Styrofoam or lost foam casting patterns is casting using a pattern of materials that can evaporate when exposed to molten metal heat. Casting uses a temperature of 650°C, 700°C, 750°C, 800°C. The results of casting temperature can affect porosity, microstructure, and hardness.
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Gorkusha, D. V., K. V. Grigorovich, A. V. Karasev, and O. A. Komolova. "CONTENT MODIFICATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF NONMETALLIC INCLUSIONS DURING LOW-CARBON IF STEEL LADLE TREATMENT." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 5 (June 19, 2019): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-5-345-352.
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Development of advanced materials for the automotive industry allows us to produce a lighter body without losing strength characteristics of the structure. It became possible by the creation and subsequent introduction into the production of such steel grades as IF (Interstitial Free) – steel with no interstitial solute atoms to strain the solid iron lattice and IF-BH (Bake Hardening) – steel with hardening during hot drying. The article provides a brief overview of the history of the emergence of IF steel and the current situation in the production of it in Russia. One of the quality criteria for steels of IF grades is purity of the metal by non-metallic inclusions (NMI), which negatively affect the plastic properties of the material, lead to the formation of surface defects of flat rolled products and reduce the manufacturability due to a decrease in the casting speed of steel, as they cause overgrowing of steel casting nozzles. The article presents investigation results of the content, composition, size and morphology of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in the metal samples taken at all stages of ladle treatment and casting of IF steel grade production using quantitative metallographic analysis, electrochemical dissolution (ED) followed by X-ray microanalysis of isolated inclusions, Auger electron spectroscopy and fractional gas analysis (FGA). As a result of the analysis of inclusions in the studied samples using a scanning electron microscope, according to morphological features, five characteristic types of inclusions were identified, which reduce the performance properties and strength cha racteristics of the materials produced from them. Results of the analysis of nonmetallic inclusions in metal samples obtained by the ED method are in good agreement with the results of the determination of oxide nonmetallic inclusions by the FGA method. The method of fractional gas analysis shows the dynamics of changes in the content of various types of oxide nonmetallic inclusions during the secondary (ladle) treatment of steel. It is shown that application of the FGA method allows to make analysis of causes of the harmful NMI formation in the metal and to correct operations at ladle treatment.
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Sulaiman, Shamsuddin, M. K. A. M. Ariffin, S. H. Tang, and A. Saleh. "Influence of Pattern Coating Thickness on Porosity and Mechanical Properties of Lost Foam Casting of Al-Si (LM6) Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 1281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.1281.
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The combination of Aluminum alloy with lost foam casting (LFC) process is best applied in automotive industry to replace steel components in order to achieve light weight components for reducing fuel consumption and to protect the environment. The LFC process involves process parameters such as the degree of vacuum, foam degradation, expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam density, permeability of foam pattern coatings, pouring temperature, filling velocity, cooling rate, and pressure. The effect of polystyrene foam pattern coating thickness on the porosity and mechanical properties of Aluminum Al-Si LM6 alloy were evaluated experimentally. The coating thickness was controlled by slurry viscosity at range between 18sec to 20sec using Zahn viscosity cup No.5 and the foam pattern was coated up to fifth layer. Aluminum Al-Si (LM6) molten metal was poured into expandable mould and castings were examined to determine porosity distribution, mechanical properties and microscopic observation. Results from X-ray testing reveal the porosity distribution on Aluminum Al-Si LM6 castings is greater at thicker foam pattern coating sample. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of casting decreases when foam pattern coating thickness increases. Microscope observation portray the present of porosity on the casting which shows more gas defects present at thicker foam pattern coating sample. The source of porosity in LFC process is due to air entrainment or the entraining gases from polystyrene foam decomposition during pouring of molten metal. As a conclusion, mechanical strength has inverse relationship with porosity.
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Jabłońska, Magdalena, Grzegorz Niewielski, and Rudolf Kawalla. "High Manganese TWIP Steel - Technological Plasticity and Selected Properties." Solid State Phenomena 212 (December 2013): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.212.87.
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Over the last few years national as well as international research centres conducting research on the development of high-manganese steels. Some of these materials belong to the group of AHS steels, are characterized by the twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) effect which is a new type of steel possessing together with high strength a great plastic elongation, and an ideal uniform work hardening behavior. It is therefore a good candidate for deep drawing applications in the automobile and railway industry. The article presents the results of researches of TWIP-type austenitic steel in case of determination some of the more important parameters for continuous casting simulation process and the results of tests regarding the influence of strain parameters on sensitivity to plastic forming and deformation strengthening. It has been shown that the researched steel reaches a zero plasticity temperature at 1250°C. The deformation tests indicate its good workability of hot processing within the temperature range of 1100 ÷ 800°C. The relation between yield stress and strain during the hot deformation is typical for the presence of dynamic recrystallization processes. The tested steel has good formability and high mechanical properties, especially when being deformed at a high strain rate. Analysis of the substructure of researched steel was indicate presence of mechanical twinning.
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Singh, Surinder, Christopher C. Berndt, R. K. Singh Raman, Harpreet Singh, and Andrew S. M. Ang. "Applications and Developments of Thermal Spray Coatings for the Iron and Steel Industry." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020516.
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The steel making processes involves extreme and harsh operating conditions; hence, the production hardware is exposed to degradation mechanisms under high temperature oxidation, erosion, wear, impact, and corrosive environments. These adverse factors affect the product quality and efficiency of the steel making industry, which contributes to production downtime and maintenance costs. Thermal spray technologies that circumvent surface degradation mechanisms are also attractive for their environmental safety, effectiveness and ease of use. The need of thermal spray coatings and advancement in terms of materials and spray processes are reviewed in this article. Application and development of thermal spray coatings for steel making hardware from the molten metal processing stages such as electric arc and basic oxygen furnaces, through to continuous casting, annealing, and the galvanizing line; to the final shaping process such as cold and hot rolling of the steel strips are highlighted. Specifically, thermal spray feedstock materials and processes that have potential to replace hazardous hard chrome plating are discussed. It is projected that novel coating solutions will be incorporated as awareness and acceptance of thermal spray technology grows in the steel making sectors, which will improve the productivity of the industry.
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Wizner, K., and A. Kővári. "Examining the reliability of the data analysis system for continuous steel casting." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1246, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1246/1/012007.
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Abstract The application of industry 4.0 guidelines is also an integral part of the life of ISD Dunaferr Zrt. Working closely with technology professionals, we have created a data analysis system that processes data from continuous steel casting. The life cycle of slabs can be traced in a complex way from raw steel production to the end of hot rolling. In an industrial environment, the program provides an opportunity to study the effects on slabs (e.g. change in casting speed, change in mould level, change in the position of tundish stopper rod (TSR), etc.). The results provided by the system are suitable for both qualifications made by experts and automatic one during the visual inspection using the web display system. In this paper, we examined the correlation between the slabs burdened with known significant changes in casting parameters in the cast sequence and the slabs with significant changes classified by the data processing system to verify the reliability of the data analysis system. The results confirmed the reliability of the data analysis system and pointed to the greater reliability of the study of cast length-based changes versus time-based changes.
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Song, Xiao Wei, and Bin Yu Sun. "Improvement of On-Line Heating Method in the Side Dam for Twin Roll Strip Casting Process." Advanced Materials Research 145 (October 2010): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.145.340.
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As one of the most advanced technology, twin-roll strip casting technology has a huge advantage compared to conventional casting technology in iron and steel industry. In recent years, therefore, metallurgical workers are favour of the twin-roll strip casting technology and invest a great deal of reseach funding. It has achieved considerable progress. In abroad, there were several advanced iron and steel enterprises which had realized the commercialization of small-scale production. But there is still a long way to go for the mass of industrial production. Because of the very short service life of side dam, side sealing technology is one of the bottlenecks. Based on this, the paper analyzes the reason caused the very short service life of traditional side dam and improves the service life through improving heating mode. That is digging appropriate size of slot on the back of the side dam in the contact with casting roller to install resistance wire for on-line heating. The result indicate that the improved heating mode can make the temperature distribution and stress distribution of the side dam more uniform, decrease temperature gradient and thermal stress and improve stress concentration. It can improve the service life of the side dam in a certain extent.
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Maj, M., J. Werrtz, and J. Piekło. "Environmental Protection Versus Foundry Engineering Practice." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0075.
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Abstract • Theory and practice of environmental protection in the case of foundries in Europe and Asia • Experience resulting from the cooperation with the foundries in a few European countries, China and India • Phenomena and factors affecting the pollution of the natural environment and the implementation of measures aiming at the environmental protection. Every specialist dealing with foundry processes and their impact on environmental pollution must have encountered in their professional careers numerous situations in which the theory of environmental protection confronts the stark reality. The discrepancy between theory and practice can particularly be noticed in foundry engineering in developing countries where the contrasts between different countries and casting plants are extremely striking. The comparison of working conditions in European and Asian foundries provides a vast scope for further observations and analyses. Environmental protection seems not only a concern of manufacturers of castings, but also of their customers whose opinion exerts a significant influence on both the acceptability of working conditions and on the approach to environmental pollution adopted in metal casting industry. The article presents a number of examples of various outlooks on environmental issues in foundries manufacturing a wide range of cast steel and cast iron castings, where different technologies and production processes are applied.
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Aykac, Emre, and Mustafa Turkmen. "Investigation of the Biocompatibility of Laser Treated 316L Stainless Steel Materials." Coatings 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121821.
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In this study, 316L stainless steel materials, which are widely used in the industry, were produced by investment casting management. Depending on the microstructure, the hardness values constitute an important stage of the properties that can be developed and controlled. For this purpose, the differences between the microstructure and hardness properties of 316L stainless steel, which is produced by the investment casting method, and 316L stainless steel, which is currently used commercially, were examined. The changes caused by the fiber laser on the surface of 316L materials produced with two different production methods were examined. It was observed that the laser used made different changes in the surface structure of the 316L material produced by both methods. Since the surface of the material is a buffer between body fluids and biomaterial, it is known that there is a relationship between surface properties and biocompatibility. In this study, the L929 cell growth test, one of the cytotoxicity tests, was applied and thus, how laser surface treatment affects the biocompatibility of 316L materials produced by both methods was comparatively examined.
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Blyton, Paul, and Nick Bacon. "Re-Casting the Occupational Culture in Steel: Some Implications of Changing from Crews to Teams in the UK Steel Industry." Sociological Review 45, no. 1 (February 1997): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.00055.
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Teamworking developments in the iron and steel industry potentially have far-reaching implications for steelworkers' occupational culture. The traditional seniority-based crew system is examined and is shown to have exerted a considerable influence in shaping the occupational culture in steel. Recent changes in work organisation are discussed, including the nature of teamworking developments at two steel plants. The authors conclude that the changes could further undermine the extant occupational culture in steel. At the same time, while management are looking to teamworking partly as a means to increase worker commitment, ironically the removal of crew hierarchies may entail the loss of a past source of moderation and cooperation among the steelworkers. Teamworking could even create a new basis of worker solidarity, absent when steelworkers were differently positioned within separate work crews.
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PAZ, Vinicius de Freitas, Lisiane TREVISAN, and Afonso REGULY. "TOOL STEEL WEAR RESISTANCE EVALUATION PRODUCED BY POWDER METALLURGY, HEAT TREATED VACCUM." Periódico Tchê Química 13, no. 26 (August 20, 2016): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v13.n26.2016.97_periodico26_pgs_97_104.pdf.
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Determination of wear rate is fundamental to life estimation tools heat treated, used in metal forming processes for the metalworking industry. Thus, the main purpose of this article is to determine the five types of wear rate of tool steel produced by powder metallurgy and one by conventional casting, heat-treated by vacuum hardening process, and triple tempered. To this end, we used the test method "pin and drive", which was used for testing three specimens for two different surface finishes (ground and polished) and 10N test load. The results showed that the wear rate will change for different surface finishes studied. It is suggested for further work can be measured the effect of different loads test tool steels, as well as engineering tested coatings on the surface of these materials.