Relevant bibliographies by topics / Steel castings

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Steel castings'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Steel castings"

1

Odilov, Furkat, and Farrukhjon Abdullaev. "Improving The Technology Of Continuous Casting Of Steel Castings." American Journal of Engineering And Techonology 03, no. 04 (April 30, 2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume03issue04-17.

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This article describes the quality and cost-effectiveness of converting steels by melting them in electric arc furnaces. In addition, the technology of continuous casting of cast products in the furnace with the help of ferroalloys, followed by various equipment.
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Yan, Huadong, Hui Jin, and Ruigen Yao. "Prediction of the damage and fracture of cast steel containing pores." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 29, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789519872000.

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For spatial design freedom, steel castings are widely used in bridges, airport terminals, and offshore platforms. However, different from hot-rolling technology, casting process variables, such as the casting temperature and those related to graphite spheroidization and post-heat treatment, may cause casting defects. To improve the safety and effectiveness of steel castings, a study consisting of experiments and numerical calculations is performed to investigate the effect of pores on the damage and fracture of cast steel. The chemical composition, metallography, and tomographic imaging of cast and hot-rolled steels were compared, providing a clear understanding of cast steel at the microstructure level. In addition, a complete Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman damage model is used to predict the ductile fracture of cast steel containing pores. Good agreement is obtained between the measured and predicted tensile curves as well as between the measured and predicted void volume fraction evolution.
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Kondratyuk, S. Ye, V. I. Veis, and Z. V. Parkhomchuk. "Structure formation of steel castings depending on the temperature-time parameters of melting and crystallization." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 103, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2022.03.018.

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The paper highlights modern ideas about the features of the processes of crystallization and structure formation in the volume of steel castings, depending on the temperature and time conditions for cooling the melt and cooling the castings, as well as the technological prehistory of charge materials. The analysis of the influence of modification and thermokinetic conditions of crystallization and cooling of steel castings is carried out, taking into account the chemical composition of steels at each stage of the technological cycle for producing cast products. At the stage of selecting charge materials, the conditions for preserving certain metallogenetic features of the initial charge in the structure of steel castings are considered, the existence of an equilibrium temperature (Te), when overheated above which heredity is lost, is considered. Due to this, the possibility of using secondary metal to improve the casting properties without changing their chemical composition is shown. The influence of temperature and time parameters in the pre-crystallization period, namely, the melt overheating temperature, the duration of isothermal treatment and the rate of its subsequent cooling, on the structure formation and properties of steel castings, including taking into account the metallogenetic features of the initial charge, is analyzed. Regularities of the influence of the temperature-time conditions of crystallization in the temperature range of the solid-liquid state on the nature of nucleation and structure formation during the crystallization of steel castings are shown. The features of structure formation and the formation of properties in steel castings under conditions of temperature-kinetic influence after their hardening are determined. And also considered the prospects for obtaining castings with a gradient structure to improve the special properties of cast products. The considered approaches to improve the quality and properties of steel castings open up the prospect of creating new technological solutions and automating technological processes for producing cast products with a predictable set of properties at or above the level of properties of similar rolled products. Keywords: castings, charge, heredity, equilibrium temperature, modification, crystallization, cooling rate, thermal treatment.
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HOLLIS, IRA N. "STEEL CASTINGS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 1, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1889.tb05750.x.

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Strickland, George D. "STEEL CASTINGS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 5, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1893.tb02248.x.

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Willits, George S. "STEEL CASTINGS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 15, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 122–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1903.tb03432.x.

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Potts, Eric. "Steel castings." Pump Industry Analyst 1997, no. 15 (March 1997): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6128(97)82801-7.

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Stradomski, Z., S. Stachura, and G. Stradomski. "Fracture Mechanisms in Steel Castings." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0066.

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Abstract The investigations were inspired with the problem of cracking of steel castings during the production process. A single mechanism of decohesion - the intergranular one - occurs in the case of hot cracking, while a variety of structural factors is decisive for hot cracking initiation, depending on chemical composition of the cast steel. The low-carbon and low-alloyed steel castings crack due to the presence of the type II sulphides, the cause of cracking of the high-carbon tool cast steels is the net of secondary cementite and/or ledeburite precipitated along the boundaries of solidified grains. Also the brittle phosphor and carbide eutectics precipitated in the final stage solidification are responsible for cracking of castings made of Hadfield steel. The examination of mechanical properties at 1050°C revealed low or very low strength of high-carbon cast steels.
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Kalyuzhnyy, P. B., S. O. Krotyuk, and M. T. Levchuk. "THE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF STEEL CAST PRODUCTS FOR SHUT-OFF VALVES BY CASTING ON LOST FOAM CASTING." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-1-22-27.

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The peculiarities of technological processes of obtaining steel castings of shut-off valves by lost foam casting are described. It is shown that the dimensional accuracy of the casting «Valve Body DN80» exceeds 7-th accuracy class; the surface quality, mechanical properties and chemical composition of the steel completely meet the customer requirements. The test procedure for leakproofness of shut-off valves castings is given.
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Donahue, R., R. Hardin, and C. Beckermann. "Modeling of oxide inclusions in steel casting." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1281, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1281/1/012035.

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Abstract A model is presented that predicts the amount and location of oxide inclusions in steel castings. A number and size distribution of inclusions, defined about a mean diameter, enters the casting system at its inlet during the filling process and are transported to their final locations in the casting. Model parameters for inclusion density, drag and wall friction are used to calculate the motion and locations of the oxide particles. Model results are presented to study the effects of casting shape and surface orientation on the final inclusion locations and distributions within castings. These results are compared with inclusion tracking experiments where the geometry of the gating system and orientation of casting cope surfaces affect the final distribution of inclusions in the castings. Measured and simulated inclusion area percent coverage, inclusion count and mean diameter are compared for a range of modelling parameters and inclusion size distributions. The size and number distribution at the casting system inlet, and other model parameters, are determined which provide the best agreement between measured and simulated inclusion area, count, and size.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steel castings"

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Whateley, Philip N. "Defects in steel investment castings." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11879/.

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A general investigation was performed, in an industrial environment, of the major types of defect specific to investment castings in steel. As a result of this work three types of metallurgical defect were selected for further study. In the first of these, defects in austenitic stainless steel castings were found to result from deoxidation by-products. As a result of metallographic investigation and the statistical analysis of experimental data, evidence was found to support the hypothesis that the other two classes of defects - in martensite stainless and low alloy steels -both resulted from internal or grain boundary oxidation of the chromium alloy constituent This was often found to be followed by reaction between the metal oxides and the ceramic mould material. On the basis of this study, proposals are made for a more fundamental investigation of the mechanisms involved and interim suggestions are given for methods of ameliorating the effect in an industrial situation.
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Walker, Justin Daniel. "An innovative new pouring design for steel castings." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Gorsky, Daniel A. "Niyama Based Taper Optimizations in Steel Alloy Castings." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1316191746.

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Galles, Daniel Joseph. "Prediction of distortions and pattern allowances in steel sand castings." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2077.

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Modeling the thermomechanical behavior of the bonded sands used for steel sand casting is of great importance for the prediction of distortions and pattern allowances. In this study, distortions created by mechanical interactions between the casting and sand mold are measured from two experimental setups and then predicted by finite element stress analyses. The casting geometries involve a hollow cylinder for the first experiment and U-shaped bracket for the second. The temporal evolutions of 1) the cylinder’s inner diameter and 2) the gap opening between the bracket legs are measured in situ utilizing LVDTs (Linear Variable Differential Transformers) connected to quartz rods. The considerable distortions measured during the cylinder and bracket experiments are mainly caused by core expansion and core restraint, respectively. For the simulations, a one-way temperature-displacement coupling is adopted, in which temperatures are predicted using commercial casting simulation software and then used as inputs for the finite element stress analyses. The steel is modeled as an elasto-visco-plastic material, whereas the Drucker Prager Cap model is employed for the bonded sand. It is found that sand dilation (i.e., the volumetric expansion of a granular media due to a shear force) must be considered for the cylinder experiments. Otherwise, the inner diameter expansion observed during solidification is far under-predicted. For the bracket, a crack plane must be included in the stress simulation model. If not, the outer mold restrains the bracket legs from being pushed outward and distortions are under-predicted. By matching the predicted displacements with the measurements, a constitutive dataset for bonded sands is developed, whose predictive capability is then demonstrated through a case study.
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Sumer, Ali. "Prototype Development and Experimental Verification of a Cast Modular Connector for Seismic-Resistant Steel Frames." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194890.

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A cast modular connector (MC) has been developed for use in seismic-resistant steel moment frames. The MC is a field bolted beam flange connection intended to serve as the frame's special energy-dissipating detail. The connector is specifically configured for optimal seismic performance through a casting process. The MC possesses inherent ductility through variable-section arms that minimize plastic strain demand and a reliable yet economical fastening method through a base end-region that virtually eliminates prying forces on bolts.The dissertation presents three journal papers. The first paper describes the portion of the analytical research focused on establishing the optimum geometry for the energy dissipating arm elements. Key parameters were evaluated through parametric studies using nonlinear (material and geometry) finite element analysis and supported by basic theoretical models. The outcome was a set of optimum geometric ratios covering width reduction, length to thickness, aspect ratio, and fillet radius.The second paper describes the development process of the isolated connector rather than full-connection behavior. Designs were alternately evaluated for structural performance and castability through the electronic exchange of solid model files with steel foundry industry partners. The analytical results indicate the potential for excellent ductility and energy dissipation characteristics in the MC Beta prototype.The third paper focuses on the prototyping and experimental verification of the MC Beta prototype. Steel foundry industry partners cast the MC Beta prototype at approximately half-scale. The scaled MC Beta prototype was tested in isolated fashion under monotonic and cyclic loading. The experimental results confirmed the performance of the analytically-based designs. The MC Beta prototype exhibited exceptional performance in terms of stable energy dissipation, far exceeding qualifying rotational ductility capacities. In direct comparisons to a WT section of similar stiffness and strength, the MC Beta prototype possessed greatly enhanced ductility and energy dissipation characteristics.With the MC Beta prototype developed and experimentally verified under isolated conditions, an experimental verification of beam-to-column joints containing the scaled MCs were performed using accepted testing protocols. The preliminary test results indicate that the connection exceeded qualifying rotational ductility capacities and showed promise as a special energy-dissipating detail in seismic-resistant steel moment frames.
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Xie, Kelvin Yu Xuan. "The effect of niobium-rich clusters on the mechanical properties of ultra-thin strip cast steels produced by the CASTRIP® process." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17140.

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Federico, Giovanni. "Use of Cast Modular Components for Concentrically Braced Steel Frames." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268572.

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Cast modular components have been under development for earthquake resistant steel structures. These concepts take advantage of the versatility in geometry afforded with the casting process to create components specifically configured for ductile behavior. Two systems were developed as part of this dissertation research: (1) the Cast Modular Ductile Bracing system (CMDB); (2) the Floating Brace system (FB).The CMDB system makes use of cast components introduced at the ends and the center of the brace to produce a special bracing detail with reliable strength, stiffness and deformation capacity. The system takes advantage of the versatility in geometry offered by the casting process to create configurations that eliminate non-ductile failure modes in favor of stable inelastic deformation capacity. This thesis presents analytical research performed to determine the buckling strength and buckling direction of the bracing element based on the geometries of the cast components. Limiting geometries are determined for the cast components to control the buckling direction. Design formulas for buckling strength are proposed. The Floating Brace system is a new lateral bracing concept developed for steel special concentric braced frames. The concept uses a set of special plate details at the end of the brace to create a stiff, strong and ductile lateral bracing system. The plates are arranged such that some provide direct axial support for high initial stiffness and elimination of fatigue issues for daily service wind loads. The remaining plates are oriented transverse to the brace and thus provide ductile bending response for the rare earthquake event, in which the axial plates become sacrificial. The main bracing member and cast pieces remain elastic or nearly elastic. Thus, following the seismic event, the plates can be replaced. In this thesis, analytical studies using nonlinear finite element analysis are performed to determine the optimum: (a) relative strength of the end connection to the brace; and (b) ratio of strength between axial and transverse plates. Design equations are provided. Prototypes for each concept were developed. Castings were created. Large scale laboratory physical testing was performed as experimental verification (proof of concept) for the two systems.
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Grandillo, Angelo M. "A temperature control strategy for Stelco McMaster Works /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61258.

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In this study, it was shown that improvements in the quality of continuously cast steel billets, similar to those which can be achieved by electromagnetic stirring (EMS) of the liquid pool during solidification, can be obtained if casting superheats can be consistently controlled at low levels. A lack of casting temperature control is not only detrimental to the quality of the cast product, but also to a shop's overall productivity. The important variables for temperature control in the ladle, tundish and mould were quantified and possible methods of controlling these variables were proposed.
The thermal state of the ladle lining is one of the major contributors to the variability in casting temperature. It was shown that by reducing energy losses from the refractory ladle lining, by way of incorporating an insulating refractory tile between the ladle shell and the safety lining and by using a ladle lid throughout the cycle of the ladle, temperature losses from the liquid steel can be substantially decreased. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Klváček, Jan. "Vliv metalurgického zpracování a podmínek odlévání na vnitřní jakost ocelových odlitků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230533.

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The aim of this thesis was to perform the classification of defects of emerging in a specific type of steel castings made by company UNEX Foundry, Ltd. and then determine the conditions of their origin. This is mainly discontinuity of casting material. The next step was to propose the corrective measures eliminating creation of these defects.
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Pernica, Vítězslav. "Optimalizace výroby těžkých ocelových odlitků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228645.

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Diploma thesis deal with definnig the casuses of stell castings defects in the DSB EURO s.r.o Foundry. The main target is to optimise technological parameters for avoiding the surface casting defects. The first stage is the identification of the defects, describing of the main reasons and mechanic. Defect quantification is make from measuring of area and volume of the mended defects. In association with surface defects, the number of the crackings was observed. Finally there are suggested correction actions based on the previous investigation.
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Books on the topic "Steel castings"

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Irving, W. R. Continuous casting of steel. London: Institute of Materials, 1993.

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Malcolm, Blair, and Stevens Thomas L, eds. Steel castings handbook. 6th ed. Materials Park, OH: Steel Founders' Society of America, 1995.

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International, Castings Technology, ed. Specifications for steel castings. 5th ed. Sheffield: Castings Technology International, 1994.

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International, Conference Continuous Casting (4th 1988 Brussels Belgium). 4th International Conference Continuous Casting: Preprints. Düsseldorf: Stahleisen, 1988.

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International Symposium on the Continuous Casting of Steel Billets (1985 Vancouver, B.C.). Proceedings International Symposium on the Continuous Casting of Steel Billets: A symposium sponsored by the Basic Sciences Section of the Metallurgical Society of CIM : 24th Annual Conference of Metallurgists, August 18-21, 1985, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. [Montreal]: Metallurgical Society of CIM, Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1985.

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Whateley, Philip Neil. Defects in steel investment castings. Birmingham: Aston University Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, 1991.

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Hester, Edward, and Diana E. Kole. Industrial castings. Cleveland (767 Beta Dr., Cleveland 44143-2326): Freedonia Group, 2002.

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Tuthill, Arthur H. Procurement of quality stainless steel castings. Toronto, Ont: Nickel Development Institute, 1988.

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Konovalov, R. P. Slitok kipi͡a︡shcheĭ stali. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1986.

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Medovar, L. B. Slitok. Kiev: Ob-vo "Znanie" Ukr. SSR, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Steel castings"

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Rähmer, Paul, Claudia Dommaschk, and Gotthard Wolf. "Production of Ceramic Steel Composite Castings Through Infiltration." In Austenitic TRIP/TWIP Steels and Steel-Zirconia Composites, 113–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42603-3_4.

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Puhakka, Bob. "Premium Quality Super Duplex Stainless Steel Castings without Secondary Refining." In Shape Casting, 79–85. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062050.ch10.

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Gennesson, M., D. Daloz, J. Zollinger, B. Rouat, J. Demurger, D. Poirier, and H. Combeau. "Inoculation in Lab Scale Low Alloyed Steel Castings." In TMS 2018 147th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 577–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72526-0_54.

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Paton, B. E., B. I. Medovar, B. I. Shukstulski, V. Ya Saenko, A. D. Chepurnoi, V. V. Lapin, and V. V. Chernyh. "Large Hollow Castings of Quasi-Monolithic Reinforced Steel." In Electroslag Technology, 130–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3018-2_27.

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Kang, Jinwu, Gang Nie, Haimin Long, Rui You, Xiaokun Hao, Tianjiao Wang, and Chengchun Zhang. "Measurement and Observation of the Filling Process of Steel Castings." In Materials Processing Fundamentals, 73–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118662199.ch8.

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Kang, Jinwu, Gang Nie, Haimin Long, Rui You, Xiaokun Hao, Tianjiao Wang, and Chengchun Zhang. "Measurement and Observation of the Filling Process of Steel Castings." In Materials Processing Fundamentals, 73–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48197-5_8.

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Kluska-Nawarecka, Stanisława, Dorota Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, Krzysztof Regulski, and Grzegorz Dobrowolski. "Rough Sets Applied to the RoughCast System for Steel Castings." In Intelligent Information and Database Systems, 52–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20042-7_6.

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Rudack, Maximilian, Iris Raffeis, Frank Adjei-Kyeremeh, Sayan Chatterjee, Uwe Vroomen, Andreas Bührig-Polaczek, Marie-Noemi Bold, et al. "Material Solutions to Increase the Information Density in Mold-Based Production Systems." In Internet of Production, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98062-7_21-1.

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AbstractProduction processes for the manufacturing of technical components are enabled by the availability and use of adequate engineering materials. Within the Internet of Production this work stream is dedicated to developing material and process-based solutions to increase the data availability during the manufacturing and operation of discontinuous mold-based production systems such as high-pressure die casting (HPDC) and injection molding (IM). This includes the development of data-driven alloy design strategies for additively manufactured mold components using tool steels as an initial use case as well as new surface-based smart sensor and actuator solutions. Material data and properties are tracked from the steel powder production via gas atomization until the final use in a mold to produce castings. Intermediate steps include the 3D printing of mold components via laser powder bed fusion and subsequent application of physical vapor deposition and thermal spraying-based smart multilayer coatings with sensor and actuator capabilities. The coating system is refined by selective laser patterning to facilitate the integration onto complex shape molding tool surfaces. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation-based methods are developed to derive material properties required for the modeling of polymer-based materials. By using this integrated methodology with the application of integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) methods from the metal powder for the mold printing up until the casting or molding process, the foundation for a holistic life cycle assessment within the integrated structural health engineering (ISHE) framework is laid for the produced tooling systems as well as the molded parts.
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Rudack, Maximilian, Iris Raffeis, Frank Adjei-Kyeremeh, Sayan Chatterjee, Uwe Vroomen, Andreas Bührig-Polaczek, Marie-Noemi Bold, et al. "Material Solutions to Increase the Information Density in Mold-Based Production Systems." In Internet of Production, 153–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44497-5_21.

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AbstractProduction processes for the manufacturing of technical components are enabled by the availability and use of adequate engineering materials. Within the Internet of Production this work stream is dedicated to developing material and process-based solutions to increase the data availability during the manufacturing and operation of discontinuous mold-based production systems such as high-pressure die casting (HPDC) and injection molding (IM). This includes the development of data-driven alloy design strategies for additively manufactured mold components using tool steels as an initial use case as well as new surface-based smart sensor and actuator solutions. Material data and properties are tracked from the steel powder production via gas atomization until the final use in a mold to produce castings. Intermediate steps include the 3D printing of mold components via laser powder bed fusion and subsequent application of physical vapor deposition and thermal spraying-based smart multilayer coatings with sensor and actuator capabilities. The coating system is refined by selective laser patterning to facilitate the integration onto complex shape molding tool surfaces. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation-based methods are developed to derive material properties required for the modeling of polymer-based materials. By using this integrated methodology with the application of integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) methods from the metal powder for the mold printing up until the casting or molding process, the foundation for a holistic life cycle assessment within the integrated structural health engineering (ISHE) framework is laid for the produced tooling systems as well as the molded parts.
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Ducamp, C., J. P. Denis, F. Stouvenot, and A. Simon. "Computer Modeling of Open Crack Formation in Thin Wall Steel Castings." In International Conference on Residual Stresses, 517–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1143-7_86.

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Conference papers on the topic "Steel castings"

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Jones, Kerry, Matt DeGeorge, and Monique Stewart. "Improved Truck Castings." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6231.

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This paper examines alternative, improved materials for truck castings. The first part looks at steels that would not require post-weld heat treatment after repair welding. The second part investigates specific applications for temperatures below −50 °F. The rapid, dramatic temperature changes that occur during welding can form brittle phases or cracking in some steels. The weld has three areas of differing structure: the weld, the heat affected zone (HAZ), and the parent metal. The maximum hardness occurs in the HAZ and is the limiting factor in determining weldability. An ultraweldable steel is a steel that does not require post-weld heat treatment. Many steels were evaluated for their chemical composition and susceptibility to cracking; those that were likely to form brittle phases were eliminated from consideration. Four low alloy steels and one carbon steel were selected as being potentially ultraweldable. To evaluate the ultraweldability of these steels, groove welds and two types of spot welds were made on the five candidate alloys. The welds were then sectioned and prepared for microstructural and microhardness evaluation. Microhardness readings were taken across the weld, spanning the weld, HAZ, and base material. Three of the steels formed hard, brittle phases during most of the tests. This indicates these materials are not ultraweldable. Two of the low alloy steels did meet the requirements for ultraweldability. Future work in this area would include producing truck castings from these materials. At low temperatures, plain carbon steels, such as the types used in truck castings, can fracture in a brittle manner, with no visible deformation. The material property of deforming without fracture is toughness or ductility. Using materials that retain their toughness in low temperatures could prevent brittle failures of truck castings. Six grades of steel currently used in low temperature applications were selected for this research. Specimens from each of the six materials were evaluated for tensile properties at multiple temperatures. Charpy impact specimens were tested at temperatures ranging from −20 °F to −120 °F. The measured room temperature tensile properties of each of the six steels met or exceeded the requirements for Grade B+, the steel currently used for truck castings. Four of the steels showed impact energies far above that of the current Grade B+, but two of them gave consistently higher impact energies than all others. These would be the best candidates for future work in this area. Future work would involve producing full size truck castings from one or more of these alloys, then testing them for fatigue performance, preferably at low temperatures.
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Fedosov, A. V., and G. V. Chumachenko. "OPERATIONAL APPROACH FOR DETERMINING RISER SIZES PROVIDING HIGH QUALITY STEEL CASTINGS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.287-289.

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An approach is proposed for the efficient selection of profits in the design of the gatefeeding system for steel castings made in sand and clay forms. The presented results of mathematical modeling allow you to quickly make a decision on the choice of profit margin, which provides high-grade nutrition of the casting thermal units
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Veis, V. I., Zh V. Parkhomchuk, and S. Ye Kondratyuk. "Features of gradient structures the formation in steel castings." In Metal materials, their production and prospects of application the modern industry: Proceeding of ІХ scientific and practical conference of young scientists of Ukraine. Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ptima-mmpp-2023.005.

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In the production of cast engineering products, in several cases, it becomes expedient to create differentiated (gradient) structures in castings to increase the special properties and service life of cast products. The purpose of this work was to establish the regularities of the formation of the main macrostructural zones in the cross-section of castings of carbon pre-eutectoid steels and quantitative changes in their length depending on the thermokinetic conditions of crystallization. The research was carried out on rectangular castings made of 20L, 45L and U7L steels, size 115 × 130 × 200 mm, with provision during their crystallization of one-sided predominant cooling of the end part of the castings with different intensity of heat removal - 5 °С/s, 60 °С/s and 300 °С /with. Research was carried out on templates from the central longitudinal part of castings that crystallized under conditions of directed one-sided heat removal. The obtained experimental results indicate regular changes in the morphology and length of the macrostructural zones of castings depending on the determining parameters of crystallization - the intensity of cooling and the temperature interval of the solid-liquid state of the melt. The maximum values of the length of the transcrystallization zone and the zone of branched dendrites are observed in steel with a low carbon content (0.21%) and the lowest crystallization temperature interval (40 °С) during hardening under the conditions of rapid cooling of the melt (300 °С/s). During crystallization with a low cooling rate of the melt (5 °C/s), the zones of branched crystals in castings of 20L steel and large equiaxed crystals in U7L steel with a narrow (40 °C) and wide (115 °C) crystallization interval acquire the greatest development. Regression analysis of the results of the experiments established the regularities of the influence of the studied thermokinetic parameters on the gradient of the structure along the cross-section of steel castings. The obtained results of research on the influence of thermokinetic parameters on the processes of crystallization and formation of gradient structures in steel castings open up new opportunities for forecasting and purposeful influence on the structure formation and mechanical properties of cast steel parts. Keywords: steel, crystallization, gradient structure, thermokinetic parameters.
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Duncan, Scott R., and Michelle A. Kramer. "Product Enhancement Through Ceramic Shell Casting." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0344.

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Abstract For the past thirty years, foundries have been experimenting with the use of polystyrene patterns to produce high quality castings. It is only in recent years that the ceramic shell (CS) casting process has been successfully implemented for the commercial production of steel castings. This paper describes the ceramic shell (CS) casting process and highlights how its unique characteristics facilitated the optimization of railroad center plate designs.
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Druschitz, Alan P., and David C. Fitzgerald. "Lightweight Iron and Steel Castings for Automotive Applications." In SAE 2000 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0679.

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Lutsenko, S. S., and O. G. Pashinska. "Production of large steel castings in metal molds." In MININGMETALTECH 2023 – THE MINING AND METALS SECTOR: INTEGRATION OF BUSINESS, TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION. Volume 1. Baltija Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-361-3-20.

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Ao, Zhijun, Leon Li, and Zunfa Wei. "A Study on a Multiple Film Technique Utilized in Radiographic Examination for Steel Castings With Complicated Geometry." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3738.

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Castings on transit railcars often have complicated geometry. Varying thicknesses and limited space for shooting are difficult for radiographic testing of such castings. To reach the high-quality requirements of the density, accuracy, contrast, and sharpness of the films, a series of experiment were performed on one casting with complicated geometry to compare different results from different shooting methodologies. Films with different ISO speeds are suitable for different wall thickness while their detection ranges overlap with each other. By adopting multiple film techniques, radiographic quality is enhanced when inspecting complicated castings geometries. The utilization of lead intensifying screen contributes to improve the image quality of the radiograph, so that the absorption of different sections is equalized and the prescribed quality level and density requirements are met. Latitude of film is improved by selecting appropriate voltage. Source-to-film distance is increased in order to minimize geometric unsharpness and ensure overall uniformity. Lead foil screens are utilized as a filter in front of films to absorb scattered radiation. In addition, back scatter radiation is reduced by placing lead plates behind the cassette. Large focal spot size is adopted. Short time of exposure is preferentially selected for the purpose of reducing the active time of scattered radiation. Moreover, the selection of other associated processing parameters helps to lessen the adverse effects caused by complicated casting geometries. The results of these experiments show that the quantities of films and inspection cost can be reduced, efficiency of inspection can be improved; missing detection in complicated areas can be effectively avoided; the detection capability is increased and reliability of inspection results is ensured. In conclusion, the multiple film technique is a satisfactory methodology for radiographic testing of steel castings with complicated geometry.
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Roberts, S., R. Leese, and S. Birks. "Next Generation Casting Materials for Fossil Power Plants." In AM-EPRI 2016, edited by J. Parker, J. Shingledecker, and J. Siefert. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2016p0035.

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Abstract The necessity to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of new fossil plant, while increasing net efficiency has lead to the development of not only new steels for potential plant operation of 650°C, but also cast nickel alloys for potential plant operation of up to 700°C and maybe 750°C. This paper discusses the production of prototype MarBN steel castings for potential plant operation up to 650°C, and gamma prime strengthened nickel alloys for advanced super critical plant (A-USC) operation up to 750°C. MarBN steel is a modified 9% Cr steel with chemical concentration of Cobalt and tungsten higher than that of CB2 (GX-13CrMoCoVNbNB9) typically, 2% to 3 Co, 3%W, with controlled B and N additions. The paper will discuss the work undertaken on prototype MarBN steel castings produced in UK funded research projects, and summarise the results achieved. Additionally, within European projects a castable nickel based super alloy has successfully been developed. This innovative alloy is suitable for 700°C+ operation and offers a solution to many of the issues associated with casting precipitation hardened nickel alloys.
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Jones, Kerry. "Improved Quality Truck Castings." In ASME 2013 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2013-4722.

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Component failure in bolsters and side frames remains a problem for both railroads and suppliers, causing expensive repairs and even derailments. To understand and combat this problem, an evaluation of the steel was required. Bolsters were obtained from several suppliers to evaluate the current state of Association of American Railroads (AAR) M-201 standard for Grade B+ cast steel. Charpy impact and tensile test samples were machined from critical areas of these castings and tested at an independent laboratory. Distinct differences were found in processes and in mechanical properties between some suppliers. Supplier names are not identified in this paper. Based on the chemical and mechanical testing results and data analysis, changes to AAR M-201 Grade B+ requirements have been proposed. Additional bolsters have been obtained for further testing. These bolsters will incorporate the proposed changes to the standard and the same mechanical testing will be performed on them to determine the effectiveness of the proposed changes. Full scale static or fatigue testing will be conducted on additional bolsters. A survey of scrapped bolsters and side frames from several railcar producers and reclaim operations was conducted to determine the leading causes of failures of components removed from service. These results form the basis for a database that can be used to identify failure trends.
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Schuster, F. A., Gerhard Hofer, Heinz Mildner, and Hubert SchUtz. "Quenched and Tempered High-Yield Steel Castings for Offshore Structures." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/6914-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Steel castings"

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Poweleit, David R., and Raymond W. Monroe. Performance Steel Castings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566349.

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Robert C. Voigt, Joseph Bertoletti, Andrew Kaley, Sandi Ricotta, and Travis Sunday. Fillability of Thin-Wall Steel Castings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801749.

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Professor Robert C. Voigt. Heat Treatment Procedure Qualification for Steel Castings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/807809.

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Voigt, Robert C., Mariol Charles, Nicholas Deskevich, Vipin Varkey, and Angela Wollenburg. Heat Treatment Procedure Qualification for Steel Castings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836878.

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Mariol Charles, Nicholas Deskevich, Vipin Varkey, Robert Voigt, and Angela Wollenburg. Heat Treatment Procedure Qualification for Steel Castings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840826.

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Hicho, George E., and John H. Smith. Metallurgical evaluation of 17-4 PH stainless steel castings. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4075.

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Barlow, J. O., D. M. Stefanescu, A. M. Lane, W. C. Schreiber, M. Owens, and T. S. Piwonka. Metal Penetration in Sand Molds for Steel Castings: Annual Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/432796.

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Sikka, V. K. Characterization of modified 9 Cr-1 Mo steel sand castings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5619593.

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Lundin, C. D., G. Zhou, and W. Ruprecht. Ferrite Measurement in Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Castings - Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14577.

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Lundin, C. D., G. Zhou, and W. Ruprecht. Ferrite Measurement in Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Castings - Literature Review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14580.

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