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Medina, Ricardo A. Krawinkler Helmut. "Seismic demands for nondeteriorating frame structures and their dependence on ground motions /." Berkeley : Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, 2004. http://peer.berkeley.edu/publications.
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Originally published as first author's thesis."May 2004." "John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University." Includes bibliographical references.
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Green, Travis P. "Behavior of full-scale partially-restrained beam-to-column T-stubn and shear tab connections under cyclic loading." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20720.
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Gad, Emad F. "Performance of brick-veneer steel-framed domestic structures under earthquake loading /." Connect to thesis, 1997. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003001.
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Alemdar, Bulent Nedim. "Distributed plasticity analysis of steel building structural systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22220.
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Jobe, Jeffrey M. "Blast resistant forced entrty [sic] steel stud wall design." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5850.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (January 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Terim, Belgin Çıkış Şeniz. "A study on "temporary post disaster housing unit" constructed with -light gauge steelframing-(LGSF) system/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/mimarlik/T000480.pdf.
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Fallah, M. H. "The potential use of lightweight steel framing for residential building construction in Iran." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392924.
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Bergsten, Susan. "Industrialised building systems : vertical extension of existing buildings by use of light gauge steel framing systems and 4D CAD tools." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/23.
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Cook, Jason A. (Jason Andrew). "Structural steel framing options for mid- and high rise buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34634.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references.
Selecting a structural system for a building is a complex, multidisciplinary process. No design project is the same; however, there are certain criteria that are commonly true in the initial phase of evaluating different structural schemes. These criteria encompass all aspects of a full, functioning building, forcing the design team to be creative in their approach of satisfying all facets. An investigation was carried out for several structural steel framing options available to designers. The schemes describe how each successfully resist lateral loads explaining the advantages and disadvantages of each. Many of the structural design tools available for initial structural system evaluation are strength based. The demand for cheaper, more efficient and taller structures has paved the way for performance based design. A simple cantilever beam performance based analysis was utilized to evaluate three common structural framing schemes in order to gain a better understanding of the performance of each. Results give recommendations for efficient structural solutions for proposed buildings as a function of height.
by Jason A. Cook.
M.Eng.
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Al-Azzawi, Hosam Abdullah. "Strength Tuned Steel Eccentric Braced Frames." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4981.
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The primary component in eccentrically braced frames (EBF) is the link as its plastic strength controls the design of the frame as well as the entire building within which it is installed. EBFs are the first part of building design and every other component is sized based on the forces developed in the link. Oversized link elements lead to the use of unnecessary materials and can increase construction costs. Additionally, the advantages of using a continuous member of the same depth for both the link and the controller beam (in terms of the cost and the time) motivates researchers to find a way to control the link strength in conventional EBFs. Previous studies on the link-to-column connections in EBF have shown that the links are likely to fail before reaching the required rotation due to fractures at low drift level. Moreover, improving the strength of the links in EBF depends primarily on their ability to achieve target inelastic deformation and to provide high ductility during earthquakes. Therefore, in this study, the concept of tuned link strength properties in EBF, T-EBF, is experimentally introduced as a solution to improve the performance of the link in conventional EBF by cutting out an opening in the link web. Furthermore, a new brace-to-link connection is proposed to bolt the brace member with the link in contrast to the conventional method of welding them. This new idea in continuous beam design was investigated to verify the stability of the tuned eccentrically braced frame, either welded or bolted, with a bracing member. A total of four full-scale cyclic tests were conducted to study the ability of T-EBF to achieve inelastic deformation. The specimens have two different cross sections: W18x76 and W16x67, two different sections where the brace was welded to the link, and two other specimens at different sections where the brace was bolted to the link were examined. The experimental results indicate that the link in T-EBF can achieve high rotation, exceeding 0.15 rad, and an overstrength factor equal to 1.5. Failure involved included web buckling at very high rotation. The T-EBF displayed a very good, non-replaceable ductile link. The experiments were followed by an isotropic kinematic-combined hardening model in the finite element analyses (FEA). The FEA analysis is developed to predict the effect of web opening configuration on the local section stresses and strains and global characteristics of the frame. FEA exhibits good agreement with the experimental results and can capture the inelastic buckling behavior of the sections. The link configuration parameters of the T-EBF were studied extensively on a W18x76 shear link subjected to the 2016 AISC seismic design provisions loading protocol (ANSI/AISC 341-16, 2016). The parametric study also included the performance of a range of wide flange sections. The analysis shows that the reduced web section has effect on the plastic strain in which low plastic strain observed near ends and connections and high at the center of the web. Results also demonstrate that if the shear link is appropriately sized with web opening and intermediate web stiffeners provided, an excellent shear link with high ductility under cyclic loads can be obtained. Changing the configuration of the opening cutout also had a significant effect on reducing the transition zone cracks.
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Maleck, Andrea Eden. "Second-order inelastic and modified elastic analysis and design evaluation of planar steel frames." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19610.
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Torres, Filho Rodrigo José de Almeida. "Análise térmica de estruturas de aço utilizadas no sistema light steel framing." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2641.
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O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise numérica do desempenho térmico de painéis construídos utilizando o sistema light steel framing (LSF) submetido a ação térmica decorrente de um incêndio. O objeto de estudo foram painéis utilizados na construção de duas casas modelo localizadas na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná campus Curitiba, construídas com materiais disponíveis comercialmente no Brasil e as análises utilizaram propriedades disponibilizadas pelos fabricantes e pela norma brasileira. A análise numérica foi realizada no software ANSYS, com base no método dos elementos finitos em análise térmica transiente. O modelo foi validado com base em comparação com análises experimentais pesquisadas na literatura. Quatro painéis obtidos das casas modelo foram analisados. Os painéis que utilizaram lã de PET para preenchimento da cavidade foram também analisados com preenchimento de lã de vidro. Um painel simples, com a cavidade preenchida por ar foi analisado para ser usado como referência. Por fim, com a utilização de coeficientes de redução da resistência ao escoamento propostos pela ABNT NBR 14323:2001, determinou-se a redução da resistência do aço do perfil de acordo com o tempo de exposição ao incendio e o tempo de resistência ao fogo dos perfis. Com base nos resultados obtidos é possível afirmar que mesmo para os paneis com pior desempenho, a proteção obtida pode ser suficiente, a depender do carregamento aplicado ao montante e do Tempo requerido de resistência ao fogo necessário. O presente trabalho apresenta informação relevante sobre o desempenho térmico em situação de incêndio do sistema LSF constituído com materiais brasileiros.The thermal performance of light steel framing (LSF) panels was the objective of this study. The study subject was panels used in the construction of two model houses located at Federal Technology University – Parana, built with materials commercially available in Brazil. The analysis was set with material properties from the manufacturer and in compliance with the Brazilian regulation, using the finite element method for a transient thermal analysis. The model validation was based on experimental tests available in the literature. Based on the validated model, the four panels have been analyzed. Two of the panels used PET wool in the cavity for insulation and the analysis was repeated with them replacing it for glass wool. A panel with no insulation was also analyzed to be used as reference. Based on the analysis results and the resistance reduction coefficients proposed by ABNT NBR 14323:2001, the resistance decrease of the studs due to the fire exposure and the panels resistance to fire were determined. Based on the obtained results, it can be affirmed that, depending on the applied load and the required Equivalent time of fire exposure, even the less protective configuration of the panels presented can be viable. The current study presented relevant information about the performance of LSF manufactured in Brazil when exposed to fire.
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Kim, Yoon Duk. "Behavior and design of metal building frames using general prismatic and web-tapered steel I-section members." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33965.
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Metal building frames are typically designed using welded prismatic and web-tapered members with doubly-symmetric and/or singly-symmetric cross sections. Until recently, the base U.S. provisions for design of frames with web-tapered members were provided in the AISC ASD (1989) and LRFD (1999) Specifications. Unfortunately, these previous AISC provisions address only a small range of practical designs. As a result, metal building manufacturers have tended to develop their own methods for design of the wide range of nonprismatic member geometries and configurations encountered in practice.
This research develops new design procedures for design of frames using general prismatic members and web-tapered members. An equivalent prismatic member concept utilized in prior research and the prior AISC provisions is generalized to accommodate the broad range of member types and configurations commonly used in metal building industry. Furthermore, the new design procedures incorporate many of the improvements achieved in the AISC (2005&2010) Specifications to metal building frame design. These improvements include a new stability design method, the direct analysis method, more complete considerations of different column buckling limit states (flexural, torsional and flexural-torsional buckling), and improved axial load and flexural resistance provisions. This research develops practical design-based procedures for simplified calculation of the elastic buckling resistances of prismatic and web-tapered members to facilitate the application of the proposed design methods. In addition, this research performs a relatively comprehensive assessment of beam lateral torsional buckling (LTB) behavior and strength of prismatic and web-tapered members using refined virtual test simulation. It is demonstrated that web-tapered members behave in a comparable fashion to prismatic members. Based on the virtual simulation study, recommendations for potential improvement of the AISC LTB resistance equations are provided. Lastly, the strength behavior of several representative metal building frames is studied in detail using the same virtual test simulation capabilities developed and applied for the assessment of the beam LTB resistances.
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Xu, Guoqing. "Assessment of risk of disproportionate collapse of steel building structures exposed to multiple hazards." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41079.
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Vulnerability of buildings to disproportionate (or progressive) collapse has
become an increasingly important performance issue following the collapses of the
Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City in 1995 and the World Trade
Center in 2001. Although considerable research has been conducted on this topic, there are still numerous unresolved research issues. This dissertation is aimed at developing structural models and analysis procedures for robustness assessment of steel building structures typical of construction practices in the United States, and assessing the performance of these typical structures.
Beam-column connections are usually the most vulnerable elements in steel buildings structures suffering local damage. Models of three typical frame connections for use in robustness assessment have been developed with different techniques, depending on the experimental data available to support such models. A probabilistic model of a pre-Northridge moment-resisting connection was developed through finite element simulations, in which the uncertainties in the initial flaw size, beam yield strength and fracture toughness of the weld were considered. A macro-model for a bolted T-stub connections was developed by considering the behavior of each connection element individually (i.e. T-stub, shear tab and panel zone) and assembling the elements to form a complete connection model, which was subsequently calibrated to experimental data. For modeling riveted connections in older steel buildings that might be candidates for rehabilitation, a new method was proposed to take advantage of available experimental data from tests of earthquake-resistant connections and to take into account the effects of the unequal compressive and tensile stiffnesses of top and bottom parts in a connection and catenary action.
These connection models were integrated into nonlinear finite element models of structural systems to allow the effect of catenary and other large-deformation action on the behavior of the frames and their connections following initial local structural damage to be assessed. The performance of pre-Northridge moment-resisting frames was assessed with both mean-centered deterministic and probabilistic assessment procedures; the significance of uncertainties in collapse assessment was examined by comparing the results from both procedures. A deterministic assessment of frames with full and partial-strength bolted T-stub connections was conducted considering three typical beam spans in both directions. The vulnerability of an older steel building with riveted connections was also analyzed deterministically. The contributions from unreinforced masonry infill panels and reinforced concrete slabs on the behavior of the building were investigated.
To meet the need for a relatively simple procedure for preliminary vulnerability assessment, an energy-based nonlinear static pushdown analysis procedure was developed. This procedure provides an alternative method of static analysis of disproportionate collapse vulnerability that can be used as an assessment tool for regular building frames subjected to local damage. Through modal analysis, dominant vibration modes of a damaged frame were first identified. The structure was divided into two parts, each of which had different vibration characteristics and was modeled by a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system separately. The predictions were found to be sufficiently close to the results of a nonlinear dynamic time history analysis (NTHA) that the method would be useful for collapse-resistant design of buildings with regular steel framing systems.
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Hwa, Ken. "Toward advanced analysis in steel frame design." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765960991&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1209158261&clientId=23440.
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Coy, Bradly B. "Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame Connection Design and Testing." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2030.pdf.
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Mažeika, Robertas. "Logistikos centras „logista“ aerouosto g. 5." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130619_091300-40980.
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Bakalaurinio baigiamajame darbe projektuojamas vieno aukšto ypatingas statinys – logistikos centras „Logista“. Pastatas projektuojamas Šiaulių miesto pramoniniame rajone, Aerouosto gatvėje. Bendras sklypo plotas 6831,68 m2, užstatymo plotas 1539,49 m2.In this final work is designed one-story special building – logistic centre „Logista“. Building is designed in industrail district of Šiauliai, Aerouosto street. Overall area is 6831,68 m2, built-up area 1539,49 m2.
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Wolf, Aaron. "Parametric analysis of economical bay dimensions for steel floor framing." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34501.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science
Kimberly Waggle Kramer
This thesis intends to act as a resource for structural engineers or architects to make informed decisions for selecting economical bay dimensions for a steel‐framed building. This thesis utilizes a parametric study to investigate how different design variables affect economical bay sizes for a typical steel‐framed building. While there are many ways to define an “economical bay”, this analysis defines an economical bay size as the bay size that uses the least steel, measured in pounds per square foot of floor area. Although other factors contribute to the overall economy of a steel bay, this analysis only considers the weight of steel. Investigated parameters include beam spacing, beam span, girder span, floor live load intensity, and composite versus non‐composite construction. Beam center‐to‐center spacing varies from four feet to 12 feet in two‐foot increments. Beam spacing varies independently from beam span. Beam spans range from 20 feet to 52 feet in four foot increments. Girder spans also range from 20 feet to 52 feet in four foot increments. Beam and girder spans vary independently of one another. Floor live loads include 50 lb/ft², 75 lb/ft², and 100 lb/ft². The effect of member construction type is also evaluated in this analysis by considering both composite and non‐composite beams and girders. This analysis finds that 20‐foot by 20‐foot bays use the least steel per square foot, while 52‐foot by 52‐foot bays use the most. Identical bays framed with girders spanning the long direction use less steel than with beams spanning the long direction. Beams contribute the majority of the steel weight in the structure, while columns contribute the least. Live load intensity produces minimal effect on the steel weight, while the use of composite construction saves 30‐40% of steel weight versus non‐composite construction.
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Jansen, Peter, Rebecca Sharp, Mihai Surdeanu, and Peter Clark. "Framing QA as Building and Ranking Intersentence Answer Justifications." MIT PRESS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625062.
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We propose a question answering (QA) approach for standardized science exams that both identifies correct answers and produces compelling human-readable justifications for why those answers are correct. Our method first identifies the actual information needed in a question using psycholinguistic concreteness norms, then uses this information need to construct answer justifications by aggregating multiple sentences from different knowledge bases using syntactic and lexical information. We then jointly rank answers and their justifications using a reranking perceptron that treats justification quality as a latent variable. We evaluate our method on 1,000 multiple-choice questions from elementary school science exams, and empirically demonstrate that it performs better than several strong baselines, including neural network approaches. Our best configuration answers 44% of the questions correctly, where the top justifications for 57% of these correct answers contain a compelling human-readable justification that explains the inference required to arrive at the correct answer. We include a detailed characterization of the justification quality for both our method and a strong baseline, and show that information aggregation is key to addressing the information need in complex questions.
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Abbaker, Abdelfattah Elnur. "Behavior of lightweight framing systems for buildings." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/81109/.
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Presented in this thesis are the results from two distinct investigations on the behaviour of lightweight framing systems for buildings. One investigation concerns the characterisation of cold-formed steel sections of novel shape for the design of columns in modular construction, and this is reported in the first part of thesis. The second new investigation is for a theoretical analysis to determine the elastic critical buckling load for shear-flexible frames of fibre reinforced polymer sections. This work is detailed in the second part to the thesis. Modular 2000 Ltd. fabricated the column specimens that were characterized for the research on lightweight steel modular construction. To determine the reSistance of nine different column types a series of nominal concentric strength tests were conducted on specimens of 2.7 m length having a new E-section shape. The novelty to the shape is that it has no flat elements and is continuously curved in plan. Open E-sections are of S350 structural grade steel, are nominally 100x43 mm in plan, and have wall thicknesses of either 1.5 or 2 mm. Various bracket and enclosure combinations were the variables in the nine column types tested. These were connected to the E-sections by MIG plug-welding. Except for the 100x40x1.5 mm C-enclosure of S350, the other attachment components were of steel grade CR4, at 1.5 mm thickness. There were five column types with E-sections of 2.0 mm thickness and four with 1.5 mm thickness. Reported are the salient results from 54 strength tests, where the mode of failure was global buckling about the minor-axis of the E-column. To also determine the local buckling strength, and the effective area, a small series of stud column tests were performed on 200 mm long specimens of the 1.5 mm open E-section only. To support the understanding gained from the series of full-sized physical tests on E-columns, a programme of theoretical work is presented which is used to determine the design strengths of the column types and to predict the elastic and inelastic critical loads of a curved panel. Theory is also used to find a plasticity reduction factor for the E-section, which is required to "establish the effective area for local buckling. BS 5950-5: 1998 gives a code of practice for the design of cold-formed thin gauge sections. This current guidance is specific to steel sections comprising Simple shaped members that are of flat elements bounded either by free edges or by bends. The new results from the combined theoretical and eXperimental studies to characterise E-columns are evaluated and used to make recommendations on how SS 5950-5: 1998, and, in particular, Section 6 for members in compression, can be used with E-sections to design modular units. In the second part of the thesis the author shows how a static analysis for plane frames of shear-flexible members, written by a previous Warwick University PhD student, can be modified to calculate the elastic critical buckling load for overall instability. The modified sframe programme provides a practical analysis tool that, importantly, includes non-linearity by way of second-order P-L1 effects with shear-flexible functions and semi-rigid joint action. In conventional frame analysis shear-flexibility is ignored when members are of isotropic material (steel), and by way of a preliminary parametric study the author shows why the influence of shear deformation on reducing the buckling load of shear-flexible frames should not be neglected when the material is of fibre reinforced polymer. By studying the change in critical load in simple frame problems it is found that there is an interaction between shear-flexibility and the torsional stiffness given to the beam-to column joints. Moreover, the study on the instability of shear-flexible frames provides evidence to suggest that the relative stiffness values for joint classification boundaries are likely to be lower than those for steel frames by Eurocode 3 (BS EN 1993-1: 2005). This is an important finding for when a structural Eurocode or other code of practice is drafted for lightweight framed structures of fibre-reinforced polymer materials. Although the work presented in this thesis is from two distinct investigations the deliverables are important to the sustainable development of lightweight framing systems for buildings.
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Clayton, Scott. "Repetitive member factor study for cold-formed steel framing systems." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4199.
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Vivan, André Luiz. "Projetos para produção de residências unifamiliares em light steel framing." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4658.
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-30Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
This work has the aim to propose guidelines for the preparation of designs for production with the construction of single family houses of Light Steel Framing. These guidelines involve considerations about the presentation of designs and assembly sequences on the main elements of a building in Light Steel Framing, promoting higher constructability on projects. Parallel to these guidelines were developed some graphical detail, with respect to the elements discussed, based on the concept of Design for Assembly. For this, have been used the information from the literature review, which deals with concepts such as Concurrent Engineering, Lean Design and Design for Production, and information gathered in structured interviews. The product of this work contributes to the advancement of studies about the design process of Light Steel Framing, besides promoting the use of concepts just discussed or used in Construction. Being a prefabricated building system, Light Steel Framing collaborates with the modernization of the processes involved in small works and facilitates the use of management principles such as Lean Construction and tools such as Design for Assembly.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal a proposição de diretrizes para a elaboração de projetos para produção voltados para a construção de habitações unifamiliares de Light Steel Framing. Tais diretrizes envolvem considerações a respeito da apresentação dos projetos e sobre sequências de montagem dos principais elementos de uma edificação em Light Steel Framing, promovendo maior construtibilidade aos projetos. Paralelo a estas diretrizes, foram desenvolvidos alguns detalhes gráficos com relação aos elementos abordados baseados no conceito do Design for Assembly. Para isso, foram utilizadas as informações da revisão bibliográfica, que aborda conceitos como a Engenharia Simultânea, Lean Design e o próprio Projeto para Produção, e as informações coletadas nas entrevistas estruturadas. O produto desta dissertação contribui para o avanço dos estudos a respeito do processo de projeto do Light Steel Framing, além de promover o uso de conceitos pouco abordados ou utilizados na Construção Civil. Sendo um sistema construtivo pré-fabricado, o Light Steel Framing colabora com a modernização dos processos envolvidos em obras de pequeno porte e facilita o emprego de princípios de gestão como da Lean Construction e de ferramentas como o Design for Assembly.
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Crasto, Renata Cristina Moraes de. "Arquitetura e tecnologia em sistemas construtivos industrializados : light steel framing." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFOP, 2005. http://www.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/6246.
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Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Civil. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.Submitted by giuliana silveira (giulianagphoto@gmail.com) on 2016-01-26T16:49:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_ArquiteturaTecnologiaSistemas.pdf: 15606508 bytes, checksum: fbeea9f26dd7f9f0178db89ff6fb00d5 (MD5)
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Apesar do Brasil ser um dos maiores produtores mundiais de aço, o emprego de estruturas metálicas em edificações tem sido pouco expressivo se comparado ao potencial do parque industrial brasileiro. Paralelamente o desenvolvimento de produtos siderúrgicos no país ampliou as alternativas de soluções construtivas disponíveis. Dentre as soluções construtivas industrializadas que empregam os perfis de aço formados a frio como elemento estrutural, o sistema Light Steel Framing (LSF) tem despertado grande interesse no mercado nacional. A flexibilidade e agilidade construtiva do sistema LSF determinam um grande potencial a ser explorado nas mais diversas aplicações, inclusive para habitações de interesse social. Porém, o sucesso de um empreendimento em LSF ou em qualquer outro sistema construtivo industrializado passa necessariamente pela concepção de um projeto de arquitetura dotado de uma visão sistêmica do processo de produção que considere todo o potencial e condicionantes do sistema, e promova a integração e coordenação entre todos os subsistemas da edificação dentro da realidade construtiva nacional. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho objetiva sistematizar as informações acerca dos materiais, técnicas, métodos e detalhes construtivos empregados no processo de construção de edificações com o sistema LSF, a fim de apresentar o seu atual estado da arte no país, dando ênfase a ações e diretrizes para a melhoria do processo de projeto, de modo a minimizar a ocorrência de patologias e incompatibilidades, visando maior eficiência e produtividade na execução da obra, e consequentemente, construções de maior qualidade. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT : In spite of Brazil to be one of the world’s largest producers of steel, the use of metallic structures in constructions has been little expressive if compared to the potential of the Brazilian industrial park. Parallel the development of metallurgical products in the country enlarged the alternatives of available constructive solutions. Among the constructive solutions industrialized that use the cold formed steel profiles as structural element, the system Light Steel Framing (LSF) it has been arousing great interest in the national market. The flexib ility and constructive agility of the system LSF determine a great potential besides to be explored in the most several applications, inclusive social housing. However, for the success of an enterprise in LSF or in any other industrialized constructive system, it is necessary the conception of an architecture design endowed with a vision systematic of the production process that considers the whole potential and prerequisites of the system, and promote the integration and coordination among all the sub-systems of the construction inside of the national constructive reality. In this context, this work propose to systematize the information concerning the materials, techniques, methods and details constructive uses in the process of construction of buildings with the system LSF, in order to present the current state of the art in the country, giving emphasis to actions and guidelines for the improvement of the design process, in way to minimize the occurrence of pathologies and incompatibilities, seeking larger efficiency and productivity in the execution of the construction, and consequently, buildings of larger quality.
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Coyle, Neil Robert. "Development of fully composite steel-concrete-steel beam elements." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270046.
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Steel-Concrete-Steel (SCS) composite construction consists of two relatively thin steel plates with the space between filled with concrete. Various forms of this construction exist, using overlapping shear studs and single bar connectors to provide shear reinforcement to the concrete and provide a shear transfer at the interface. The problem with current systems that rely purely upon shear studs or bar connectors is that they are prone to slip between the steel faceplates and concrete core. This slip leads to a loss of composite action causing a loss of stiffness and a reduced fatigue life. An extensive experimental programme consisting of 32 beam specimens and 34 other small scale specimens formed the basis for the study of the behaviour of surfaced SCS specimens under a variety of load conditions. The results of this test program showed that surfaced SCS specimens behaved in a more composite manner. This increase in composite action manifested itself in a number of ways. • Reduced slip between steel plate and concrete core • Increased stiffness of specimen • More even crack distribution This extensive experimental study was backed up with an analytical study to understand and predict the behaviour of the surfaced SCS elements. This study has led to a new method of predicting the capacity of such sections, to a greater degree of accuracy than current methods allow. Further to this a FE parametric study was carried out to investigate the sensitivity of the elements to changes in the main geometrical and material variables.
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Tan, Melody M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Quantifying and integrating constructability into multi-objective steel floor framing design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104244.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, June 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2016."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-52).
This thesis explores the benefits and tradeoffs of two significant constructability considerations in structural steel floor framing design. A new constructability strategy combining both standardization and steel availability is proposed, providing a clear, quantitative methodology for constructability integration. This strategy can be easily incorporated into various projects and software implementations to be used in structural engineering design practices. Analysis of this methodology also indicates that structural weight tradeoffs remain fairly insignificant, allowing standardization down to approximately 20-30% of the initial number of unique sections with less than a 20% increase in structural weight. Thus, this thesis establishes a new multi-objective approach to steel floor framing design and promotes a better understanding of buildability integration for more efficient and economical structural design solutions. Keywords: constructability, buildability, standardization, availability, structural steel floor framing, culling, multi-objective design
by Melody Tan.
M. Eng.
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Cardoso, Silvia Scalzo. "Tecnologia construtiva de fachada em chapas delgadas estruturadas em light steel framing." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3153/tde-30052016-110013/.
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Aumento da produtividade, melhorias na qualidade dos produtos, redução de custos e de impactos ambientais são essenciais para a capacidade competitiva das empresas. A execução da fachada faz parte do caminho crítico da obra, por ser um subsistema que associa as funções de fechamento, acabamento, iluminação e ventilação e ainda por incorporar sistemas prediais; apresenta, por isso também, um alto custo direto em relação aos outros subsistemas do edifício. A tecnologia construtiva de fachadas em chapas delgadas com estrutura em Light Steel Framing (LSF) é uma alternativa viável para aumentar a produtividade e reduzir os prazos de obra, com qualidade e desempenho, e pode trazer benefícios em relação a atividades intensas em mão de obra como é o caso da alvenaria de vedação e de seus revestimentos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo sistematizar e analisar o conhecimento relativo a essa tecnologia construtiva de fachada. O método adotado compreende revisão bibliográfica. Como contribuição, o trabalho reúne um conjunto organizado de informações sobre os principais sistemas disponíveis no mercado contemplando: a caracterização do sistema de fachada, de suas camadas e dos perfis leves de aço e a sistematização das principais avaliações técnicas de sistemas existentes em outros países, reunindo normas técnicas de produtos e de execução. Acredita-se que a reunião e organização das informações, antes dispersas em diversas referências, têm potencial para subsidiar o meio técnico para tomada de decisão quanto ao uso adequado da nova tecnologia.Increase productivity, improve product quality and reducing costs and environmental impact are essential for a competitive business. One of the critical paths of construction projects is the execution of the façade, a subsystem that associates multiple functions as sealing, finishing, lighting and ventilation feature and may incorporate other building systems. As another characteristic of these properties, a façade possess an important direct cost in relation to other subsystems. The building technology of light steel external wall system is a viable alternative, as it holds a potential to increase productivity, reduce construction deadline and bring benefits in regards to the labor heavy nature of masonry and mortar cladding. This research aims to organize the knowledge on the building technology of light steel external wall facade. The research method comprises a technical literature review. As a result, this study combines an organized ensemble of information about characterization of the light steel external wall system, its layers and steel profile. The work also performs an analysis of technical evaluations of existing systems in other countries, gathering technical standards of products and assembling techniques. The information here presented may serve as reference to the technical community by compiling and organizing information available in various and dispersed references.
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Coffield, Amy K. "The Effectiveness of Seismically Designed Steel Framing Systems Subjected to Blast Loading." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1357255039.
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Foo, Frankie L. C. "Computer design of steel framed buildings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25053.
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The art of structural design lies in the selection of the most suitable structural system for a given structure. The arrangement of beams, girders, trusses and columns to support gravity design loads determines the economy and functional suitability of a building. Much of the cost of a steel framed building is in the floor system. Due to the lack of suitable optimization schemes, numerous trial designs might be necessary to ensure that the most economical system has been selected.
Therefore, a computer program is developed as a design aid to make such studies practical in a design office.
The program, developed on a mini-computer, is capable of designing structural components of steel framed buildings. These components include gravity columns and floor framing members such as simply supported beams and girders, cantilevers, beams and girders with overhangs,
trusses and stub-girders. The program is based on the requirements
of CSA Standard CAN3-S16.1-M78, "Steel Structures for Buildings-Limit States Design". In addition to its ability to select steel sections, quantity take-off and cost estimates features are incorporated
in the program.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Aeck, Richard Hull. "Cannoli Framing: The Turnstijl Houses and Configure-to-Order." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19727.
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Sanchez, Escalera Victor M. "ENHANCING PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE RESISTANCE OF STEEL BUILDING FRAMES USING THIN INFILL STEEL PANELS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/499.
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Progressive collapse occurs when damage from a localized first failure spreads in a domino effect manner resulting in a total damage disproportionate to the initial failure. Recent building failures (e.g., World Trade Center twin towers) highlight the catastrophic outcome of progressive collapse. This research proposes a reliable and realistic retrofit technology which installs thin steel panels into steel building structural frames to enhance the system progressive collapse resistance.
The steel frames with simple beam-to-column connections, under different boundary conditions (i.e., sidesway uninhibited and sidesway inhibited, respectively), and the loss of one bottom story column were retrofitted using the proposed technology (i.e. installing thin steel panels in the structural frames). Performance of these frames was investigated. Two Finite Element (FE) models which require different modeling efforts were developed to capture the system behavior. The first model explicitly models the infill plates to capture the plate buckling behavior. The second model known as strip model represents the infill panels as diagonal strips. In addition to the FE models, a plastic analysis model derived from the prior research on seismically designed Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs) was considered. The system progressive collapse resistance obtained from the two FE models and the plastic analysis procedure were compared and good agreements were observed. It was observed that installing infill plates to steel structural frames can be an effective approach for enhancing the system progressive collapse resistance.
Beyond the strength of the overall system, the Dynamic Increase Factor (DIF) which may be used to amplify the static force on the system to better capture the dynamic nature of progressive collapse demand was evaluated for the retrofitted system. Furthermore, the demands including axial force, shear force and bending moment on individual frame components (i.e., beams and columns) in the retrofitted system were quantified via the nonlinear FE models and a simplified procedure based on free body diagrams (FBDs). Finally, the impact of premature beam-to-column connection failures on the system performance was investigated and it was observed that the retrofitted system is able to provide stable resistance even when connection failures occur in all beams.
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Ding, Chu. "Monotonic and Cyclic Simulation of Screw-Fastened Connections for Cold-Formed Steel Framing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/55270.
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This thesis introduces an approach for modeling the monotonic and cyclic response of cold-formed steel framing screw-fastened connections in commercial finite element programs. The model proposed and verified herein lays the groundwork for seismic modeling of cold-formed steel (CFS) framing including shear walls, gravity walls, floor and roof diaphragms, and eventually whole building seismic analysis considering individual fastener behavior and CFS structural components modeled with thin-shell elements. An ABAQUS user element (UEL) is written and verified for a nonlinear hysteretic model that can simulate pinching and strength and stiffness degradation consistent with CFS screw-fastened connections. The user element is verified at the connection level, including complex cyclic deformation paths, by comparing to OpenSees connection simulation results. The connection model is employed in ABAQUS shear wall simulations of recent monotonic and cyclic experiments where each screw-fastened connection is represented as a UEL. The experimental and simulation results are consistent for shear wall load-deformation response and cyclic strength and stiffness degradation, confirming the validity of the UEL element and demonstrating that light
steel framing performance can be directly studied with simulations as an alternative to experiments.Master of Science
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Lim, James B. P. "Joint effects in cold-formed steel portal frames." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368970.
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Garcia, Rivera Francisco, and Rodriguez David Hoyos. "Implementation of Metallic Profiles in Social Houses." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16084.
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This paper presents a metallic structural solution for communities with minor resources, which is able to adapt to the climatic conditions of La Guajira (Colombia). The mains objectives of this structure are to reach good quality and reduce execution time as well as cost. The structure was designed by using Light Weight Steel Framing method, due to its simplicity as well as its ease in the assembly due to the lack of resources in those communities. The design was calculated by using an iterative method in which a compromise solution between prices and strength was reached. This paper concludes that the same structure which was being built, can be improved (decreasing of the price, and industrialisation of the method) by using the structural solution proposed by this work.
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Berggren, Hampus. "The use of higher steel grades in building elements." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83488.
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Structural steel is one of the main building materials used commercial. Its strength is its formality and high yield strength which allows less material overall. Steel is often divided into steel grades such as S275, S355, S420 and so forth. The purpose of this thesis is to look at the strength and weaknesses of the different steel grades and how the area gets effected by higher steel grades. This is done by looking at a real life project where only S355 is used and optimizing for S355, S420 and S460. This is done to shred some light on how much of an improvement the upgrade of steel grade may allow. For each steel grade an optimized cross section is created with the goal of having the lowest area possible. The difference in area for the optimized beams will act as the benchmarking for projected reductions. This optimization is done with the help of Python and follows Eurocode. When looking at the case study, the projected weight reduction is 4,2% for S420 and 7,2% for S460 compared to S355. This reduction is higher on some beams and lower on others. The main driving force for the higher reduced beams is the possibility to utilize more than one type of load condition, example both momentand shear force. Out of the 12 beams, beam 10 have the highest reduction between S355 and S420 which land around 10%. Between S355 and S460 Beam 12 comesin at a area reduction of 14%. As the higher steel grades have a higher equivalent CO2 emission the reduction of equivalent CO2 is lower than the area reduction. The projected reduction of equivalent CO2 for a switch from S355 to S420 is 3,3% and the reduction between S355 and S460 are 5,0%
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Hofmann, Giane Alfenas Antunes. "Tratamentos de juntas invisíveis em placas cimentícias no fechamento de sistemas Light Steel Framing." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFOP, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/5937.
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Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Civil. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.Submitted by Oliveira Flávia (flavia@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2015-12-10T16:13:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_TratamentosJuntasInvisíveis.pdf: 3886643 bytes, checksum: 8d1a892617fc9c4e09f2c3e0675749f1 (MD5)
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A construção civil leve brasileira tem passado por uma transformação nos últimos anos. A construção industrializada, pensada para promover agilidade e economia, se estabelece no cenário da engenharia civil. O desperdício e imprevistos da prática construtiva em concreto armado dividem agora espaço com inovações como o Light Steel Framing, um sistema de estrutura em aço galvanizado que utiliza painéis nos fechamento internos e externos. O fechamento externo, feito inicialmente com OSB, é feito agora com placa cimentícia. É nesse fechamento que se localiza a patologia mais frequente neste sistema, as trincas. Uma das causas de trinca é o tratamento de juntas entre estas placas, que é muitas vezes ineficiente ou sofre patologias devido aos vícios de construção. Pelo fato de este tipo de fechamento ser ainda mais novo do que a utilização do Light Steel Framing, e por haver diversos fabricantes que recomendam formas diferentes de fazer tal tratamento, foi feito este estudo, com o objetivo de conhecer as placas mais utilizadas no mercado brasileiro, assim como seus respectivos tratamentos de juntas. Observa-se que não há no mercado nacional uma padronização no tratamento de juntas nos fechamentos em placa cimentícia e que os construtores seguem o tratamento indicado pelo fabricante da placa utilizada. ________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT: Brazilian lightweight construction has undergone a transformation in recent years. Industrialized construction, designed to promote agility and economy, has established itself in civil engineering scenario. Waste and unforeseen constructive practice in reinforced concrete now share space with innovations such as the Light Steel Framing, a galvanized steel structure system that uses panels in internal and external closure. The external closing, initially made with OSB, is now made mainly with cement board. The most frequent pathology in this system, cracks are found in this closing element. One of the causes for crack is the treatment of joints between these boards, which are often inneficient or suffer from construction defects. Because this type of closing is newer than the use of light steel framing, and considering that various brands that recommend different ways of making such treatment was made this research was developed in order to know the boards commonly used in the Brazilian market, as well as their joints treatment. It is important to remake that there is no standardization in the national market for joints treatment on cement board closing and that builders follow the treatment recommended by the manufacturer of the boards used.
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Vitor, Rodrigo Oliveira. "Modelagem numérica de diagonais equivalentes em painéis de cisalhamento do sistema Light Steel Framing." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9GHGX9.
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This paper presents a study regarding the structural stability of Shear Wall of the Light Steel Framing System (LSF). The construction system named LSF, also known as selfsupporting steel dry construction system, has been consolidated in the Brazilian civil construction. This system consists of frame galvanized steel cold-formed profiles that works with panels, providing self-supporting structure. The frames are composed of slender structural members, named track and stud. The wall bracing can be made using Oriented Strand Board (OSB) or cementitious board, both have considerable mechanical strength, or gypsum board, that only has sealing function. The numerical model is based on the Finite Elements Method, running on the software ABAQUS. Through the evaluation of the obtained results, it is proposed an analytical model for the equivalent diagonal and an equation based on the nonlinear regression to represent the model in a general way. Thus, the frame structural analysis with shear wall can be performed without the structural board, but with a circular cross-section fictitious bracing member working under tensile stress (Equivalent Diagonal).Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a estabilidade estrutural de painéis de cisalhamento Shear Wall" do sistema Light Steel Framing (LSF). O sistema construtivo LSF, também conhecido como sistema autoportante de construção a seco estruturado em aço, vem se consolidando no mercado brasileiro da construção civil. Esse sistema é composto por painéis reticulados de perfis de aço galvanizado formado a frio que trabalham em conjunto com placas, proporcionando uma estrutura autoportante. Os reticulados são compostos por perfis esbeltos, denominados de guias e montantes. As placas podem ser de Oriented Strand Board (OSB) ou cimentícias, ambas com considerável resistência mecânica, ou de gesso acartonado, com função apenas de vedação. No presente trabalho é desenvolvido um modelo numérico tendo como base o método dos elementos finitos, empregando o software ABAQUS para a análise estrutural. Com os resultados obtidos do modelo numérico, é proposto um modelo analítico para o método da diagonal equivalente e uma equação baseada na regressão não linear multivariada para representar o modelo de modo mais geral. Desta forma, a análise estrutural do painel de cisalhamento poderá ser realizada com o processamento dos reticulados metálicos sem as placas estruturais, mas contraventado com uma barra circular fictícia trabalhando à tração (Diagonal Equivalente).
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Zhang, Hanwen. "Connections in cold-formed steel modular building structure systems." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8181/.
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Modular construction has been used for many years. Cold-formed steel with its advantages is commonly utilized in the modules. However, the challenge comes to the connections. Connections generally take substantial part of the expenditures. An easy erection and effective connection method could considerably achieve great cost saving and structural improvement. Current norms and specifications cannot cover the requirements in the design. This research investigated the connections in the cold-formed steel modular panel structure through experimental, analytical and numerical methods. FEMs were developed to predict the behaviours of the purlin-to-sheeting, stud-to-track and joist-to-post connections. A modified calculation method for the rotational stiffness of purlin-to-sheeting connection was proposed. This research also carried out parametric studies to figure out the influence of variables on connection performance. In the investigation, a series of tests about screw and bolt joints under pure and mixed loading scenarios were conducted. The results of the established FE models presented a great accordance with the test outcomes. The connection configurations applied in cold-formed steel panel system with high strength material were introduced in this research. It was proved that the proposed connecting methods can provide great improvement to the structural behaviour under normal and abnormal loading conditions.
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Ranby, Anders. "Structural fire design of thin walled steel sections." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18484.
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Gozzi, Jonas. "Plastic behaviour of steel : experimental investigation and modelling." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26436.
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This thesis deals with the plastic behaviour of steel. It comprises an investigation with focus on biaxial tests and constitutive modelling. Tests were performed on one stainless steel grade in two different strength classes, C700 and C850, as well as one extra high strength structural steel grade. An earlier developed concept for biaxial testing of cross-shaped specimens was utilised. However, there was a demand for new specimen designs to enable testing of the extra high strength steel. A comprehensive test programme including an initial and one subsequent loading was carried out. This provides data for stress-strain curves in two steps as well as stress points describing initial and subsequent yield criteria. The Bauschinger effect was evident for all grades. Furthermore, the behaviour in subsequent loadings was found to be direction dependent and the transition from elastic to plastic state was observed as gradual. A constitutive model with the possibility of depicting the phenomenological observations from the tests was earlier developed at Steel Structures, LTU, and proposed for annealed stainless steels. Further, it is a two surface model utilising the concept of distortional hardening and it was applied to the steel grades tested in this work. The model was found to be applicable to the steels tested in this study as well and compared to simpler models the applied model clearly improves the agreement with experimental tests.Godkänd; 2004; 20070131 (ysko)
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Fraser, Andrew William. "Building reliable neural networks for modelling multipass processes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299420.
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Norin, Erik, and Julia Kahlström. "Media framing – As time goes? : A qualitative longitudinal study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179864.
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McKinstry, Ross. "Single storey steel building optimisation for steel weight and carbon incorporating asymmetric topology with photovoltaic panels." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680434.
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Photovoltaic panels (PV) are being used increasingly to reduce the carbon impact of new single-storey industrial buildings. This thesis investigates the application of PV panels in conjunction with an asymmetric building shape to optimise the design of a single-storey building for net-zero carbon. The design optimisation of both symmetrical and asymmetrical steel portal frames is considered. Three different types of portal frame were considered, those made from: rolled sections (Le. Universal Beams), fabricated sections welded from three plates, and finally, fully tapered sections. The benefit of increased solar radiation on the southward side in addition to the asymmetry allows for improved carbon offsetting potential, which is a very desirable attribute for buildings attempting to meet the new tighter net-zero carbon compliance levels. Asymmetry has been shown to allow building configurations with lower embodied energy with similar carbon offsetting performance to symmetric or less asymmetric counterparts. Asymmetry was shown to allow for both material and therefore cost savings without changing the building footprint. The structural steel weight was found to have a minimal impact on the energy optimisation. However, the energy optimisation has significant impact on the structural design as it determines the optimum degree of asymmetry. This means that a recommendation of uncoupled design optimisations is made where first an energy optimisation is used with an estimated steel weight to identify a favourable asymmetry configuration (up to 80%) for the steel design to use within its own optimisation. This method would be of particular use in the code compliance of new zero carbon non domestic single storey steel buildings
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Franzen, Fabiani Pereira. "Análise do desempenho térmico e acústico de vedações verticais externas executadas em light steel framing." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/41973.
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Orientador : Prof. Dr. Leonardo Fagundes Rosemback MirandaCo-orientador : Prof. Dr. Márcio Henrique de Avelar Gomes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Construção Civil. Defesa: Curitiba, 20/01/2016
Inclui referências : f. 136-141
Area de concentração : Materiais e estruturas
Resumo: A construção civil no Brasil necessita de uma reformulação para atender a crescimento populacional. Uma alternativa é a utilização de tecnologias com características industrializadas como o "light steel framing" (LSF) que é um sistema aberto, modular, de rápida execução, fácil manutenção e sustentável. Com a vigência da norma de desempenho, a NBR 15575 (ABNT, 2013), nasce uma necessidade de ciência sobre o desempenho dos sistemas. Materiais com características sustentáveis e de menor custo precisam ser avaliados de forma a contribuir para o avanço sustentável do LSF no Brasil, então o objetivo é avaliar o desempenho de alternativas para as vedações verticais externas em LSF com relação ao seu desempenho térmico e acústico visando menor custo e sustentabilidade. Os painéis possuem elementos constantes e variáveis como os isolantes e as massas para acabamento. Foram testados produtos industrializados, resíduo industrial, gesso acartonado moído e em pedaços (resíduo da construção) e materiais utilizados em outros sistemas construtivos. O desempenho térmico foi analisado segundo o procedimento 1A Simplificado - NBR 15575 (ABNT, 2013) e experimento onde comparou-se a diferença de temperatura com a medição da face interna enquanto que uma fonte de calor manteve a temperatura da face externa em 80oC por 60 minutos. O desempenho acústico foi analisado utilizando o método da função de transferência, já que os materiais reciclados não possuem índices para incrementar os cálculos ou simulações nos dois casos. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados pelo Processo de Análise Hierárquica (AHP) que determinou qual é o melhor painel. Quando o desempenho térmico é considerado o critério de maior importância, os painéis com acabamento na face externa (estuque sintético), massa látex PVA na parte interna e no interior do painel fibra cerâmica obtiveram o melhor desempenho. Para o desempenho acústico, o painel com lã de vidro no miolo obteve o melhor desempenho e quando o critério de maior relevância é o custo, os painéis com o interior preenchido com materiais reciclados obtiveram o menor valor. Palavras chave: light steel framing, desempenho térmico, desempenho acústico, materiais reciclados, reciclagem de materiais e materiais para isolamento,
Abstract: Civil construction in Brazil needs a reformulation to attend the population growth. One of the options is the use of technologies with industrialized characteristics, such as "light steel frame"(LSF) which is an open system, modular, of fast execution, easy maintenance and sustainable. With the legality of the law performance , the NBR 15575(ABNT, 2013), the need of a study over the system's performance is born. Covering, isolation and finishing with sustainable characteristics and of low cost need to be appraised in a way to contribute to the sustainable advance of LSF in Brazil, therefore the goal is to evaluate the alternatives of performance for external vertical sealing in LSF with regards to its thermal performance and acoustic looking for low cost and sustainability. The frames have constant elements and changeable, like insulating materials and finishing batters. Were tested industrialized products such as glass wool and rock wool, ceramic fiber(industrial residue), crushed wall plaster(drywall) and in pieces(construction residues) and the acoustic stripe. the thermal performance was analysed according to procedure 1 A Simplified - NBR 15575 (ABNT, 2013) and the experiment, as well the acoustic performance that used the transfer function method, since the recycled materials do not have contents to increase the calculations or simulations. Were realized in sites with easy control of climate variables. In the thermal experiment measurements were done in one face, while the other source of heat kept the temperature from the opposite face in 80 C (176 F) for 60 minutes. The obtained results were analyzed by the Analytic Hierarchy (A.H.P.) that settled which is the best panel. When thermal performance is considered the criterion of biggest importance, the panels with synthetic stucco on the external face, PVA latex on the internal part and in the core ceramic fiber, obtained the best performance. For the acoustic performance, the panel with glass wool in the core obtained the best performance and when the criterion of relevancy is cost, the filled core panels with recycled material had the lowest cost. Key words: light steel frame, thermal performance, acoustic performance, recycled material to LSF and filling of the panel core.
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Gomes, Adriano Pinto. "Método de avaliação do desempenho térmico de edifícios comerciais e residenciais em Light Steel Framing." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFOP, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/6032.
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Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Civil. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.Submitted by Oliveira Flávia (flavia@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2016-01-13T17:14:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_MétodoAvaliaçãoDesempenho.pdf: 13379163 bytes, checksum: f8cd4be30271d0c1acbd1691b1b6c24c (MD5)
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O sistema Light Steel Framing (LSF) foi introduzido no Brasil no final da década de 90, quando algumas construtoras começaram a importar kits pré-fabricados dos EUA para montagem de casas residenciais. O sistema LSF está passando por um processo de desenvolvimento técnico e de aceitação no mercado da construção civil nacional, mas ainda existem deficiências no projeto, no detalhamento e na execução dos sistemas complementares de fechamento. A avaliação do desempenho térmico de edificações em LSF no programa EnergyPlus pode ser realizada considerando métodos que incluem ou não a estrutura de aço na simulação numérica. Dependendo do método adotado, os resultados das cargas térmicas e da temperatura interna dos ambientes podem superestimar o desempenho térmico da edificação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método específico para avaliar o desempenho térmico de edificações em LSF, naturalmente ventiladas ou condicionadas artificialmente, considerando os efeitos das pontes térmicas em uma análise global. O método das Propriedades Térmicas Combinadas foi utilizado como base para considerar os efeitos dos perfis de aço em simulações numéricas no programa EnergyPlus. Foram realizados estudos de caso para exemplificar a aplicação do método e discutir parâmetros importantes na simulação de edificações. Observou-se que nas edificações residenciais naturalmente ventiladas não houve diferenças significativas entre os resultados da simulação considerando ou não os efeitos das pontes térmicas. No entanto, a aplicação do método em estudos de caso de edificações condicionadas artificialmente mostrou que, ao se aumentar a diferença de temperatura entre o interior e exterior da edificação por meio do acionamento do sistema de condicionamento de ar, os efeitos das pontes térmicas foram mais significativos, chegando a representar uma variação no pico da carga térmica em cerca de 10%. _____________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT: The Light Steel Framing system (LSF) has been introduced in Brazil in the late 90s, when some builders started importing prefabricated kits for the assembly of residential houses in the U.S. The LSF system is undergoing a process of technical development and market acceptance of national construction, but there are still design deficiencies, when it comes to detailing and executing supplementary closing systems. The thermal performance evaluation of buildings in Light Steel Framing using EnergyPlus can be performed considering methods to include or not the light steel structure in numerical simulation. Depending the adopted method, the results of thermal loads and local internal temperature may overestimate the thermal performance in the building. The purpose of this research is to develop a specific method for thermal performance evaluating of buildings in LSF, naturally or artificially conditioned, considering the thermal bridges effects in a global analysis. The method of Combined Thermal Properties was used as a basis considering the metal profiles effects in numerical simulation program EnergyPlus. Some case studies are considered to illustrate the method application and discuss important parameters in the simulation program used in buildings. It was observed that in naturally ventilated residential buildings there were no significant differences between the simulation results considering whether or not the effects of thermal bridges. However, considering in case studies of artificially ventilated buildings, the method showed that when the temperature difference between inside and outside the building using the air-conditioning system increases, the thermal bridges effects were more significant, coming to a variation in the thermal load around 10%.
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Elvidge, M. "The plastic analysis of pitched roof steel portal frames." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374916.
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Nhamoinesu, Shelton. "Steel-glass composite panels." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708845.
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Tahmilci, Fatih. "Analysis Of Blast Loading Effect On Regular Steel Building Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609052/index.pdf.
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Concern about effect of explosives effect on engineering structures evolved after the damage of Second World War. Beginning from 90&rsquos with the event of bombing Alfred P. Murrah Federal building located in Oklahoma City this concern deepened and with the attack to World Trade Center twin towers on September 11, 2001 it is peaked. Recent design codes mainly focus on earthquake resistant design and strengthening of the structures. These code design methodologies may sometimes satisfy current blast resistant design philosophy, but in general code compliant designs may not provide recognizable resistance to blast effect. Therefore designer should carry out earthquake resistant design with the blast resistant design knowledge in mind in order to be able to select the most suitable framing scheme that provide both earthquake and blast resistance. This is only possible if designer deeply understands and interprets the blast phenomenon. In this study, it is intended to introduce blast phenomenon, basic terminology, past studies, blast loading on structures, blast structure interaction, analysis methodologies for blast effect and analysis for blast induced progressive and disproportionate collapse. Final focus is made on a case study that is carried out to determine whether a regular steel structures already designed according to Turkish Earthquake Code 2007 requirements satisfy blast, thus progressive collapse resistance requirements or not.
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Darcy, Greg. "Structural behaviour of an innovative cold-formed steel building system." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16589/.
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Cold-formed steel structures have been in service for many years and are used as shelters for both domestic and industrial purposes. To produce an economical product, manufacturers have typically based their designs on the simple portal frame concept. As there is almost a direct relationship between overall cost and the weight of steel in a portal frame structure, it is of great importance to provide a structure with the minimum amount of steel whilst providing structural adequacy. Portal frame sheds have been refined continuously for many years, with only minimal amounts of savings in steel. Therefore, to provide even greater savings in steel, an innovative building system is required. Modern Garages Australia (MGA) is one of the leading cold-formed steel shed manufacturers in Queensland. MGA has recently developed such an innovative building system that has significant economic savings when compared with portal frame structures. The MGA building system has two key differences to that of the conventional portal frame system. These differences are that the MGA system has no conventional frames or framing system, and it has no purlins or girts. This results in the MGA system being completely fabricated from thin cladding, which significantly reduces the quantity of steel. However, the key problem with this building system is that the load paths and structural behaviour are unknown, and therefore the structure cannot be analysed using conventional methods. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to first investigate the structural behaviour of this new building system and its adequacy for an ultimate design wind speed of 41 m/s using full scale testing. The next objectives were to use finite element analysis to optimise the original MGA building system so that it is adequate for an ultimate design wind speed of 41 m/s, and to develop a new improved cold-formed steel building system that has greater structural efficiency than the original MGA building system. This thesis presents the details of the innovative MGA building system, full scale test setup, testing program, finite element analysis of the MGA building system and the results. Details and results from the optimisation of the MGA building system, and the development of a new improved cold-formed steel building system are also presented. The full scale experimental investigation considered the required loadings of cross wind, longitudinal wind and live load test cases and simulated them on the test structure accurately using an innovative load simulation system. The wind loads were calculated for a 41 m/s ultimate design wind speed. Full scale test program included both non-destructive and destructive tests. The finite element analyses contained in this thesis have considered cross wind, longitudinal wind and live load cases, as well as the destructive load case of the MGA building system. A number of different model types were created and their results were compared with the experimental results. In general, two main model types were created. The first type consisted of a 'strip' of the MGA building system (Strip model) and the second modelled the full structure (Full model). Both of these model types were further divided into models which contained no contact surfaces and those which contained contact surfaces to simulate the interfaces between the various components such as the brackets and cladding. The experimental test results showed that the MGA test structure is not suitable for an ultimate design wind speed of 41 m/s. This conclusion is a result of a number of observed failures that occurred during the extensive testing program. These failures included local buckling, crushing failures, and distortional buckling of the cladding panels. Extremely large deflections were also observed. It was calculated that for the MGA building system to be adequate for the design wind speed of 41 m/s, a cladding thickness of 0.8 mm was required. This also agreed well with the finite element analysis results which concluded that a cladding thickness of 0.8 mm was required. In order to avoid the increased use of steel in the building system, a new improved cold-formed steel building system was developed and its details are provided in this thesis. A finite element model of this new improved cold-formed steel building system was created and the results showed that the new building system was able to achieve a load step equivalent to an ultimate design wind speed of 50.4 m/s and was approximately 250% stiffer than the original MGA building system, without any increase in the overall weight of the building system. It is recommended that this new improved cold-formed steel building system be further developed with the aid of finite element modelling and be tested using a similar full scale testing program that was used for the original MGA building system.
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Karlström, Peter. "Thin-walled steel studs in fire : analysis and design recommendations." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18391.
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Development of steel frame modular buildings is gaining increased popularity and support throughout Europe. Due to flexibility in construction and good long-term performance, lightweight steel frame structures are often preferred solutions, for instance in partitions and suspended ceilings as well as for load-bearing elements. In many applications the steel frame structure are required, indirectly or directly, to have a certain fire resistance performance. There is still knowledge to be gained in order to accomplish efficient rules for assessment of the behaviour of lightweight steel frames in fire situations. The lack of such rules creates a disadvantage for the elements since they will require additionally costly protection measures, or to perform expensive fire tests. The problem is more pronounced for load-bearing structures. This makes design by testing a rather inefficient method. Therefore, it is important to develop economical design rules at elevated temperature for possible implementation in Eurocode 3. The main objectives of the thesis is to evaluate FE-models for analysis of thin-walled steel columns and to compare the results with experiments at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. The main contribution of the work is to recommend the design model for a possible implementation in Eurocode 3, Part 1-2. The design model includes possibility of flexural and torsional-flexural failure mode. It contemplates thermal deflection, reduced yield strength and elastic modulus and is evaluated on studs with a constant temperature (symmetric heating) and with a temperature gradient (unsymmetrical heating). Constant temperature distribution is assumed along studs in both cases.Godkänd; 2004; 20070126 (ysko)
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Iqbal, Naveed. "Restrained behaviour of beams in steel frames exposed to fire." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18393.
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The current design procedures prescribed by the codes for design of steel beams at elevated temperatures require that the ultimate flexural resistance of the beam should be checked against the applied loading. This approach does not take into account the redistribution of bending moment due to fire exposure that takes place in a redundant frame. The axial and rotational restraints at the beam to column connections in such a frame play an important role as to how the beam behaves in restrained conditions when exposed to fire. This is particularly important at relatively high temperatures when the beam has undergone significant deflections and as the catenary action in the beam gradually takes over as the resisting mechanism beyond the limiting temperature prescribed by the codes.Simplified design procedures that satisfactorily describe the restrained beam behaviour should be used to avoid the high cost and complexity of finite element analysis and fire tests. A proposed simplified design procedure has been used to analyse axially and rotationally restrained beams in sub-frames in this study and the results are compared to the results from their finite element models. The finite element models of the sub-frames were validated against fire tests conducted on sub-frames. The proposed method was shown to have satisfactorily predicted the restrained beam behaviour under different load levels and temperature distributions.The validated finite element models were also used to investigate the effect of changing different parameters of the sub-frame, such as temperature distribution, boundary conditions and fire protection on the connection region. The distribution of strains in the connection components were shown to have been significantly affected by changing these parameters.Godkänd; 2013; 20130506 (andbra); Tillkännagivande licentiatseminarium 2013-05-16 Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Naveed Iqbal Ämne: Stålbyggnad/Steel Structures Uppsats: Restrained Behaviour of Beams in a Steel Frame Exposed to Fire Examinator: Professor Milan Veljkovic, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Assistant Professor Aldina Santiago, University of Coimbra, Portugal Tid: Tisdag den 4 juni 2013 kl 09.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet