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Journal articles on the topic 'Steel freedom'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yan, Huadong, Hui Jin, and Ruigen Yao. "Prediction of the damage and fracture of cast steel containing pores." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 29, no. 1 (2019): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789519872000.

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For spatial design freedom, steel castings are widely used in bridges, airport terminals, and offshore platforms. However, different from hot-rolling technology, casting process variables, such as the casting temperature and those related to graphite spheroidization and post-heat treatment, may cause casting defects. To improve the safety and effectiveness of steel castings, a study consisting of experiments and numerical calculations is performed to investigate the effect of pores on the damage and fracture of cast steel. The chemical composition, metallography, and tomographic imaging of cas

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2

Naqash, Tayyab. "Pushover Response of Multi Degree of Freedom Steel Frames." Civil Engineering Journal 6 (December 9, 2020): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-sp(emce)-08.

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Seismic codes use the behaviour factor to consider the ductility and the structure's non-linearity to improve the system's overall performance. Generally, Steel moment-resisting frames are characterized by a relatively high period showing high deformability and, foreseen that with stringent damageability criteria, the adopted behaviour factor might not optimally be utilized for achieving better performance of the frames. The design is generally governed by stiffness, leaving behind a complex structural system where the capacity design rules are disturbed and therefore necessitates to relax the

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3

Hu, Shu Jun, Zhan Wang, and Jian Rong Pan. "Nonlinear Analysis of Steel Frames Using Element with Trilinear Model." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.519.

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Considering the elastic-plastic stage of steel constitutive relationship, the assumption that element is elastic perfectly-plastic is no longer valid. The yield function that considers the effect of trilinear model is derived by using section assemblage concept. Element with two subsprings at each end is presented to consider the effect of section stiffness and yielding. Based on the proposed yield function and element, an efficient nonlinear analysis method for steel frame with trilinear model is proposed. The proposed element has the same nodal degrees of freedom as conventional beam-column

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4

Bünck, Matthias, and Andreas Bührig-Polaczek. "Properties of Thixocast Spring Steel Ratchets." Solid State Phenomena 192-193 (October 2012): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.192-193.197.

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Forging is state of the art for the production of hand tools in industrial scales. Due to high demands on stiffness and fracture toughness high-strength forged steels are used to provide components with high mechanical load capacity. In spite of all advantages forging is restricted by some means like the freedom of scope. However, because of the extreme thermal load and the hardly avoidable casting defects, hand tools are nowadays not cast. By thixocasting steel technical difficulties can be reduced and new options are provided, which allow manufacturing of components with much higher complexi

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Kumar, Ashok, Y. Balaji, and N. Eswara Prasad. "Type Certification of 18 Ni Maraging Steels for Landing Gears." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.511.

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Maraging steels exhibit unique properties, such as high strength with excellent fracture toughness, ease of machining and above all distortion free thermal processing. These attractive properties and advantages of maraging steel do not outweigh the initial cost resulting from high alloy content and especially in certain structural components where in much of the forging is machined as swarf. However, with the constant drive to prove the technology when maximum strength and stiffness per unit volume becomes the major criteria, the choice of material may overwhelmingly become maraging steel. Abo

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6

Saif, Khaled, Chin Long Lee, Trevor Yeow, and Gregory A. MacRae. "Seismic Ratchetting of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Steel Bridge Columns." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.295.

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Nonlinear time history analyses of SDOF bridge columns with elasto-plastic flexural behaviour which are subject to eccentric gravity loading are conducted to quantify the effect of ratchetting. Peak and residual displacements were used as indicators of the degree of ratchetting. The effects of member axial loads and design force reduction factors were also investigated. It was shown that displacement demands increased with increasing eccentric moment. For eccentric moment of 30% of the yield moment, the average maximum and residual displacements increase by 4.2 and 3.8 times the maximum displa

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7

Lukerman, Douglas de Almeida. "Numerical Simulation of Structural Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, and Inconel Alloy 718 Using the Finite Element Method." International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 17, no. 5 (2024): 513–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14172980.

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<em>The aim of this work is the numerical analysis of structural carbon steel solid elements, including medium-strength steel (MS250) and high-strength steel (HS350), as well as 304 stainless steel (SS) and Inconel 718 superalloy (SI). To this end, a mathematical formulation based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) was implemented using the FORTRAN programming language. The aim was to obtain the values of stresses, strains and nodal displacements of the steels and the alloy, assuming that the materials had linear elastic behavior. The von Mises rupture criterion method was used to analyze the

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8

Dogru, Selcuk, Bora Aksar, Bulent Akbas, Jay Shen, Onur Seker, and Rou Wen. "Seismic Energy Demands in Steel Moment Frames." Applied Mechanics and Materials 847 (July 2016): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.847.210.

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This study presents an energy approach to the seismic evaluation of steel moment resisting frames. A structure subjected to strong ground motion is supposed that it shows nonlinear behavior. Energy parameters is a way to specify the structural damage. Input energy is depend on the characteristics of the structure and ground motion. Structural design can be defined as the equilibration of the input energy and the energy dissipation capacity of the structure. Structures subjected to eartquake are supposed to dissipate all the input energy. Studies based on energy concepts are usually applied to

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9

Caul, M. D., and V. Randle. "Grain-Boundary Characteristics in Austenitic Steel." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100164180.

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Grain boundaries are an active area of research interest due to their effect on material property and structure relationships. In order to discuss material properties with regard to grain boundaries it is necessary to know the boundary type. The optimum technique for performing this task is Electron Backscatter Diflfraction (EBSD) in concert with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). By collecting texture measurements in the form of individual orientations from grains it is possible to obtain misorientation measurements from grain boundaries. These measurements are three of the five degrees

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10

Nissen, Bruce. "Black Freedom Fighters in Steel: The Struggle for Democratic Unionism." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 3 (2004): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610403300322.

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11

Bao, Wei, Li Tao Xing, and Jian Hui Qiu. "The Use of Cast Steel in Steel Structure." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1918.

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With the improvement of casting and material technology, cast steel is continuously used in practical engineering projects. Domestic and foreign scholars studied the performance of cast steel joints by experiment or the other methods and extended them to beam-column connections in steel frames. This paper mainly introduced the development of beam-column connection forms, the main problems in joint design, advantages and disadvantages of the joints with various forms, material properties and manufacturing process characteristics of cast steel, advantages of cast steel joints and fasteners, rese

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12

Mathe, Aliz, Al Cătărig, and Ilinca Moldovan. "Statics And Kinematics Of Semirigid Steel Frames Under Seismic Action." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 5, no. 2 (2015): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2015-0022.

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Abstract Intended contribution emphasizes the statics and kinematics of semi-rigid steel frames seismically acted upon. The dynamic model of analyzed structures consists of multi degree of freedom systems with lumped masses located at floor levels. The dynamic degrees of freedom are the lateral seismically induced floor displacements. A cyclic behavior of semi-rigid beam – column connections associated with the four parameters analytical bending moment M – relative rotation θr is considered. Time history seismic analyses are performed on multi-story steel planar frames equipped with several to

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13

Mesic, Esad. "Plastification process of steel frames through discretization of plastic zone." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 5, no. 2 (2007): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0702087m.

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In the paper there is propose of numerical model for nonlinear analysis of steel frames with use of localized nonlinearity. Main concept of model consists of discreet ordering of series nonlinear finite elements - springs "zero length" in the areas of expected frames plastifikations. The frame elements between the sections with nonlinear elements behaved linear. On that way the forces in the elements of frames for the most degrees of freedom are linear in the relation of displacement, but nonlinear behaviour occurs in relatively small number degrees of freedom. This kind of model can be explic

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14

Kim, Se-Hoon, Ok-Pin Na, Sung-Il Kim, Jae-Jin Lee, and Dae-Hung Kang. "Single Degree of Freedom Hybrid Dynamic Test with Steel Frame Structure." Journal of the Korean society for railway 15, no. 4 (2012): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/jksr.2012.15.4.413.

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15

Figuli, Lucia, and Daniel Papán. "Single Degree of Freedom Analysis of Steel Beams under Blast Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 617 (August 2014): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.617.92.

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The paper deals with the analysis of steel beams subjected to blast load approximated as a one degree system of freedom (SDOF). It requires knowing the parameters of blast pressure wave, its effect on structure and the tools for the solution of dynamic analysis. The blast wave is estimated with linear decay and exponential decay using positive and negative phase. The results of SDOF model are compared with the corresponding experimental accelerations and strain time-histories. There is a described dynamic analysis for such structure.

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16

Pitcher, Catherine E. "Towers of Ivory and Steel: How Israeli Universities Deny Palestinian Freedom." Harvard Educational Review 94, no. 4 (2024): 591–93. https://doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-94.4.591.

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17

Pitts, Steven C. "Black Freedom Fighters in Steel: The Struggle for Democratic Unionism (review)." Labor Studies Journal 29, no. 2 (2004): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lab.2004.0024.

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18

Fu, Yaomin, and Sheldon Cherry. "Simplified seismic code design procedure for friction-damped steel frames." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 1 (1999): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-043.

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This paper describes the development of a proposed seismic design procedure for friction-damped steel structures, which employs the lateral force provisions used in many modern building codes. Closed-form expressions are first derived that relate the normalized response of a single degree of freedom friction-damped system with the system parameters, such as bracing stiffness ratio, damper slip ratio, and frame member ductility. A parametric analysis is then used to reveal that the seismic displacement of a friction-damped frame can be controlled by combining the frame stiffness with the bracin

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19

Qian, Xiaoxin, Daiki Sato, and Dave Montellano Osabel. "Equivalent SDOF Models for Estimating Isolation-Layer Energy Dissipation in Base-Isolated Tall Buildings under Strong Winds." Buildings 14, no. 2 (2024): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020329.

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An isolation layer composed of isolators and steel dampers in base-isolated tall buildings can dissipate wind-induced energy via repeated elasto-plastic deformation. Its energy dissipation can be used to estimate its wind-induced responses and the fatigue damage in the steel dampers. Computationally costly time history analyses using multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) models suggest that some structural parameters influence the isolation-layer energy dissipation. However, using common single-degree-of-freedom (CS) models cannot fully capture such influences (e.g., those caused by the damping ratio

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20

Brand, Laurie A. "Israel: Towers of Ivory and Steel: How Israeli Universities Deny Palestinian Freedom, by Maya Wind. (book review)." Middle East Journal 78, no. 1 (2024): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/78.1.307.

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Towers of Ivory and Steel: How Israeli Universities Deny Palestinian Freedom, by Maya Wind. Foreword by Nadia Abu El Haj. Afterword by Robin D. G. Kelley. New York: Verso Books, 2024. 288 pages. $29.95 paper, $9.99 e-book.

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21

Kula, Piotr, Konrad Dybowski, Sebastian Lipa, et al. "Investigating Fatigue Strength of Vacuum Carburized 17CrNi6-6 Steel Using a Resonance High Frequency Method." Solid State Phenomena 225 (December 2014): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.225.45.

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The bending fatigue strength of 17CrNi6-6 steel subjected to vacuum carburizing with high pressure gas hardening has been measured using a novel high-frequency technique. The test records the changes in resonance and consists of observing resonance frequency changes in a vibrating system with a single degree of freedom as a result of the forming of a fatigue crack. Moreover, a mechanism of fatigue nucleation and propagation in steel hardened by vacuum carburizing is presented.

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22

Chepurnenko, V., K. Hashhozhev, S. Yazyev, and Arthur Avakov. "IMPROVING THE CALCULATION OF FLEXIBLE CFST-COLUMNS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT STRESSES IN THE SECTION PLANES." Construction Materials and Products 4, no. 3 (2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2021-4-3-41-53.

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the article is devoted to a newly developed complex finite element that allows modeling concrete-filled steel tubular columns taking into account the compression of the concrete core from the steel tube, as well as ge-ometric nonlinearity. The derivation of the resolving equations, as well as expressions for the elements of the stiffness matrix, is based on the hypothesis of plane sections. The complex testing of the finite element was performed using the program code written by the authors in the MATLAB language and the ANSYS software, as well as the analysis of the effectiveness of the new F

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23

Hu, Jong Wan, and Ga Lam Choi. "Towards an Application of PBD Principles for Innovative Recentering Beam-to-Column Connections." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.569.

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An unintended consequence is that some freedom in the introduction of innovative composite connections has been removed. The innovative aspects of this connection are in the use of partial restraint connections between steel beams and concrete-filled tube columns that utilize a combination of low-carbon steel and shape memory alloy components. A refined finite element model with sophisticated three dimensional solid elements was developed to conduct numerical experiments on the proposed joints to obtain the global behavior of the connection and develop simplified models. The paper argues that

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Vozniuk, L. I., V. I. Babiak, D. V. Mazur, et al. "PROJECT OF A REHABILITATION CENTRE FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL AND WAR VETERANS IN ZHYTOMYR, WHICH WON FIRST PLACE IN THE «STEEL FREEDOM» ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION." Modern structures of metal and wood, no. 28 (August 2024): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-3068-2024-28-85-94.

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The article is devoted to the study of the experience of using metal structures in the design of rehabilitation centres on the example of the project of the R-240 team ‘Rehabilitation Centre for Military Personnel and War Veterans in Zhytomyr’ for the Steel Freedom competition. Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, a large number of military personnel have suffered physical and mental injuries. As a result, the need for rehabilitation centres has increased.

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25

Ding, Yu, Yan Shi, Hongguo Qin, and Xuexin Wang. "Strength Reduction Factor of Steel Frames with Stainless-Steel Braces." Buildings 15, no. 5 (2025): 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050681.

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Previous studies on the strength reduction factor (SRF) have primarily focused on structures without braces or with traditional mild steel braces. However, due to the corrosion damage affecting braces, the existing research cannot guide the application of damage control concepts in corrosive environments. In contrast, stainless-steel braces provide a new direction for applying damage control due to their excellent corrosion resistance. This paper investigates the SRF of steel frames with stainless-steel braces to fill this gap. An equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) dual system was esta

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26

Fieldes, Diane. "Book Review: Black Freedom Fighters in Steel: The Struggle for Democratic Unionism." Journal of Industrial Relations 46, no. 2 (2004): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022185604046002013.

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27

Johnson, Christopher K. "Book Review: Black Freedom Fighters in Steel: The Struggle for Democratic Unionism." Journal of Black Studies 36, no. 4 (2006): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002193470603600410.

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Vo, Duy-Quang, and Hoang Lan Ton-That. "Free vibration of simply supported steel I-girders with trapezoidal web corrugations." Reports in Mechanical Engineering 1, no. 1 (2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/rme200101141v.

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Natural frequency is essential information required to perform the dynamic analysis. In this study, the straight I-girder element with trapezoidal web corrugations and singly symmetric cross-section is derived based on Kang and Yoo’s thin-walled curved beam with doubly symmetric cross-section theory. Each node of the element has seven degrees of freedom including one warping degree of freedom. Using Hamilton’s principle, governing linear dynamic differential equations of equilibrium, elastic element stiffness matrix, and consistent element mass matrix are established. Matlab code is employed f

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Dien, Nguyen Phong. "Damping identification in multi-degree-of-freedom systems using the continuous wavelet transform." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 27, no. 1 (2005): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/27/1/5713.

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The identification of damping in multi-degree-of-freedom vibration systems is a well-known problem and appears to be of crucial interest. Compared to an estimation of the stiffness and mass, the damping coefficient or, alternatively, damping ratio is the most difficult quantity to determine. In this paper, the continuous wavelet transform based on the Morlet-wavelet function is used to identify the modal damping ratios of multi-degree-of-freedom vibration systems. A new wavelet-based method for the damping identification from measured free responses is presented. The proposed method was also t

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Xiong, Ling Hua, and Fan Wang. "Stress Spectrum Analysis on Steel Structure of Gantry Crane." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1634.

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Stess spectrum serves as prerequisite of analysis on fatigue failure, which is the major cause of malignant industrial accident. The dynamic load coefficient is calculated by allowing for dynamic response of steel structure in complete working cycle and regard steel structure and load as a vibraton system of two degrees of freedom. The load date and its statistical characteristic is collected.through observation of 600t-176m gantry crane in some ship-building base. Then based on Monte Carlo method, the load is simulated and loaded on finite element model. Finally the stress spectrum of key par

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31

Cao, Xue Ye, Yan Li, and Jun Hai Zhao. "Nonlinear Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns under Blast Loading." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.765.

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The plastic ultimate moment of concrete-filled steel tubular and the ultimate displacement of the simply supported beam under uniformly distributed load is established based on unified strength theory. Considered nonlinear impact of mass and stiffness changed in the process of the reaction, the dynamic response of concrete-filled steel tubular columns under blast load were analyzed by the equivalent single degree of freedom model and step by step integration method. Compared the results of this method with relevant literatures, the consequence is good. It can be seen that from the results, thi

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Jainih, Viliana, and Jae Hyouk Choi. "Simplified Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis by Hexagonal Collapse Surface Model of Steel Frame Structure." ce/papers 6, no. 3-4 (2023): 2377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2725.

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AbstractBased on the need for effective evaluation of multistorey structures response to seismic loading, this research includes the study of simplified nonlinear dynamic analysis (SNDA) by hexagonal collapse surface model. Existing conventional analysis methods such as FEMA440, restrict the extended use of Nonlinear Static Procedure (NSP) and Nonlinear Dynamic Procedure (NDP) by using the equivalent one‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) model on multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) structure. A large error known as Multiple‐Degree‐of Freedom Effects occurs in the elastoplastic behavior. To overcome the limi

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Vu, Dinh Huong, and Duc Tuan Ta. "Developing a method for determining the natural frequency of a structure using multiple combined measurements in the frequency domain." Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology 2023, en.vol1 (2023): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59382/j-ibst.2023.en.vol1-2.

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Modal identification of structures using vibration measurement data has attracted considerable attention. Current identification methods can be divided into several groups: single-degree-of-freedom and multi-degrees-of-freedom methods; time domain identification, frequency domain identification. In which, the simultaneous determination of many natural frequencies of the structure from a single measurement data remains a complicated problem, in particular in the presence of noise. The article develops the rational fraction polynomial method using combined measurements in the frequency domain to

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Sun, Xiu Li. "Research on the Dynamic Behaviors of Semi-Rigid CFST Frame-Shear Wall." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.859.

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Concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) structure is a new type of structure. Assuming that concrete filled steel stub frame-shear wall is continuous elastic structure with infinite degree of freedom, free vibration equation is built. Furthermore, the effects of semi-rigid connection on natural periods and frequencies are studied. The formula to calculate the coefficient of natural periods is deduced. ANSYS is employed to determine the modal analysis. The results obtained from finite element analysis are consistent well with those obtained from formula. The results show that semi-rigid connection

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Soni, Aashishkumar H. "Nonlinear Time History Analysis of a Single-Degree-of-Freedom Steel Structure Incorporating ADAS Damper Modeling Using ETABS." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 6, no. 2 (2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v6i2.3678.

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The incorporation of passive energy dissipation devices has emerged as a promising technique for mitigating structural response to dynamic loads such as wind and earthquakes. These devices are strategically mounted within buildings, allowing for the dissipation of a substantial portion of the input energy, thereby reducing the demand on the primary structural components. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to modeling and analyzing the behavior of a single-degree-of- freedom (SDOF) steel structure equipped with an Added Damping and Stiffness (ADAS) damper element. A mathematical formu

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MORI, Ibuki, Takaaki OIWA, Kenji TERABAYASHI, and Junichi ASAMA. "S1110302 Six-degree-of-freedom micro parallel manipulator remotely-controlled with steel wires." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2015 (2015): _S1110302——_S1110302—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2015._s1110302-.

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Nassr, Amr A., A. Ghani Razaqpur, Michael J. Tait, Manuel Campidelli, and Simon Foo. "Single and multi degree of freedom analysis of steel beams under blast loading." Nuclear Engineering and Design 242 (January 2012): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.10.020.

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Xia, Jun, Z. Shen, and Kun Liu. "1D Finite Element Model for Tapered Cross-Section Steel-Concrete Composite Material Beam." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 807–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.807.

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The flexural and dynamic behavior of tapered cross-section steel-concrete composite material beams frequently used in structural engineering is strongly influenced by the type of shear connection between the steel beam and the concrete slab. The numerical model must account for the partial interaction (interlayer slip) in order to get accurate analytical predictions. The 1D high order finite element model for variable cross-section steel-concrete composite beams with interlayer slip were established in this paper. The displacement field of kinematic model is obtained by introducing the constra

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Kumar, Prashant, and Ajay Kumar. "Free Vibration Analysis of Steel-Concrete Pervious Beams." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 3 (2023): 10843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5913.

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This study investigated the free vibration analysis of steel-concrete porous beams with partial or complete shear interface using a finite-element model based on the cubic order beam theory. The present model assumes uniform porosity distribution along the beam thickness. It is assumed that the axial displacement will vary cubically along the thickness of the layer. The cubic order beam theory is implemented using a continuous C0 finite element containing three nodes and each node has eight degrees of freedom. Shear locking is eliminated in the present model by the numerical integration of the

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40

Rivera, J. Luz, Arturo López-Barraza, Sonia E. Ruiz, and Alfredo Reyes-Salazar. "Evaluation of the Response of Posttensioned Steel Frames with Energy Dissipators Using Equivalent Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/730324.

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The hysteretic energy (EH) dissipated in posttensioned steel frames (PTSF) with hysteretic dampers is calculated by using equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems (ESDOFS), where the nonlinearity of both the steel bars (beam and columns) and the connections of the structural frame is separately considered. Five multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOFS) PTSF and their corresponding ESDOFS are studied under the action of 30 seismic motions recorded in soft ground, scaled in terms of the spectral pseudoacceleration evaluated at the fundamental period of the structures. Several simple mathematical expres

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Phạm, Đình Hải, Văn Bằng Phùng, and Đình Hòa Nguyễn. "Seismic response of bilinear elasto-plastic (EP) systems and self-centering (SC) systems under far field and near field earthquake ground motions." Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology 2024, vi.vol1 (2024): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.59382/j-ibst.2024.vi.vol1-3.

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This study presents seismic response of single degree of freedom (SDOF) elasto-plastic and self-centering systems under far and near-fault ground motions. These parameters was conducted to determine the influence on SDOF structure response in term of ductility, absolute acceleration, absorbed energy, strength ratio and strength reduction factor. It was found that maximum ductility for bilinear elasto-plastic systems was qualitatively similar to self-centering hysteretic systems, by adjusting the value of α and β, a self-centering hysteretic systems could be made qualitatively better than bilin

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WEN, GUILIN, HUIDONG XU, LU XIAO, XIAOPING XIE, ZHONG CHEN, and XIN WU. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A TWO-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM VIBRO-IMPACT SYSTEM." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, no. 05 (2012): 1250110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127412501106.

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Vibro-impact systems with intermittent contacts are strongly nonlinear. The discontinuity of impact can give rise to rich nonlinear dynamic behaviors and bring forth challenges in the modeling and analysis of this type of nonsmooth systems. The dynamical behavior of a two-degree-of-freedom vibro-impact system is investigated experimentally in this paper. The experimental apparatus is composed of two spring-linked oscillators moving on a lead rail. One of the two oscillators connected to an excitation system intermittently impacts with a spherical obstacle fixed on the thick steel wall. With di

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Wang, Yan, Zhuyu Huang, and Qi An. "Analysis of Seismic Performance and Applicable Height of a Cooperative Modular Steel Building." Buildings 14, no. 3 (2024): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030678.

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As an innovative building system, the modular steel structure demonstrates a high degree of industrialization and assembly efficiency. However, no linkage exists between the components of modular units, leading to issues such as diminished load capacity and excessive steel usage in modular construction. In order to tackle these challenges, finite element numerical simulations are employed to examine the inter-column connectors and the cooperative modular steel buildings. This simulation calculates the initial stiffness across various degrees of freedom in these connectors. In addition, it anal

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Piotrowski, Rafał, and Andrzej Szychowski. "Lateral Torsional Buckling of Steel Beams Elastically Restrained at the Support Nodes." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (2019): 1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091944.

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The study shows the results of theoretical investigations into lateral torsional buckling of bisymmetric I-beams elastically restrained against warping and against rotation in the plane of lateral torsional buckling (i.e., against lateral rotation) at the support nodes. The analysis accounted for the whole variation range of node stiffnesses, from complete warping freedom to full restraint, and from complete lateral rotation freedom to full restraint. It was assumed the beams are simply supported against bending about the major axis of the section. To determine the critical moment, the energy

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Yoshioka, Hayato, Hidenori Shinno, and Hiroshi Sawano. "A Low-Profile Planar Motion Table System Driven by Steel Belt." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 6 (2015): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0739.

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Machine tools and inspection systems require high performance positioning table systems that have long travel ranges, lower profile structures, multi-degree-of-freedom motion, and high speed motion, simultaneously. This paper presents a newly developed low-profile planar motion table system driven by steel belts. The driving system has two steel belts, two servo motors, and four ball spline shafts. These elements are symmetrically arranged on the same plane, and the moving table realizes planar motion. After confirming the effectiveness of the proposed driving mechanism with a one-axis table s

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Fones-Wolf, Elizabeth, and Ken Fones-Wolf. "Cold War Americanism: Business, Pageantry, and Antiunionism in Weirton, West Virginia." Business History Review 77, no. 1 (2003): 61–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30041101.

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After World War II, Weirton Steel remained a critical barrier to the unionization of the steel industry. Weirton kept unions at bay through a plan of high wages, welfare, and company unionism, which it combined with an authoritarian style of management. Forbidden from using intimidation by the federal courts, Weirton substituted a celebration of Americanism that associated freedom with limited government and an absence of unionism. Foreseeing a union drive in 1950, Weirton staged a pageant to dramatize its version of patriotism. The steelworkers countered with a competing version that stressed

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Nixon, Mark A., Bruce C. McCallum, W. Richard Fright, and N. Brent Price. "The Effects of Metals and Interfering Fields on Electromagnetic Trackers." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 7, no. 2 (1998): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474698565587.

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The operation of six degree-of-freedom electromagnetic trackers is based on the spatial properties of the electromagnetic fields generated by three small coils. Anything in the environment that causes these fields to be distorted will result in measurement noise and/or errors. An experimental investigation was undertaken to measure the effect of external fields present in a typical working environment (namely mains and computer monitor fields) and the presence of metals (25-mm cubes of various types of metals, a large steel bar, and a large steel sheet). A theoretical model is proposed to expl

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Rizzo, Fabio. "Aeroelastic Response of Suspended Pedestrian Bridges Made of Laminated Wood and Hemp." Infrastructures 5, no. 7 (2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5070060.

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The work described in this paper investigated, by calculating critical flutter speed, the aeroelastic response of suspended pedestrian bridges made of a laminated wood structure and hemp cables and compared them to bridges with a steel structure and harmonic steel cables. Critical flutter speed was estimated using a numerical two degree of freedom (2-DOF) generalized deck model based on finite-element modal analysis. The critical flutter speeds of two sets of 25 different structural configurations, obtained by varying the deck chord and the permanent deck loads, made of steel and of laminated

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Yussof, Mustafasanie M., Jordan Halomoan Silalahi, Mohd Khairul Kamarudin, Pei-Shan Chen, and Gerard A. R. Parke. "Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Responses of Steel Frame Structures with Different Types of Haunch Connection Under Blast Load." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051815.

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This research is aimed at investigating the dynamic behaviour of, and to analyse the dynamic response and dynamic performance of steel frames strengthened with welded haunches subjected to a typical hydrocarbon blast loading. The structural dynamic analysis was carried out incorporating the selected blast load, the validated 3D model of the structures with different welded haunch configurations, steel dynamic material properties, and non-linear dynamic analysis of multiple degree of freedom (MDOF) structural systems. The dynamic responses and effectiveness of the reinforced connections were ex

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Patch, William L. "Defending the “Peace of Sunday”: The Debate over Sunday Labor in the West German Steel Industry after the Second World War." Central European History 54, no. 4 (2021): 646–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938921000066.

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AbstractWorking hours were largely unregulated in nineteenth-century Germany, but a powerful alliance emerged in the 1890s between the Christian churches and the socialist labor movement to prohibit most industrial labor on Sunday, including most production of steel. In the 1950s steel management persuaded organized labor that it would be advantageous to produce steel continuously throughout the week, the prevalent system in other countries. The Evangelical Church retreated in this debate, but the Catholic Church waged a fierce and partly successful campaign from 1952 to 1961 to defend the old

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