Relevant bibliographies by topics / Steel furniture

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Steel furniture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Steel furniture"

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Brookes, Sophia. "A New approach to the design of kiln furniture for the firing of cuneiform tablets." Iraq 59 (1997): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900003429.

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AbstractThe kiln furniture made for the Cuneiform Tablet Laboratory at the British Museum was nearing the end of its working life by 1992. A design project was thus undertaken to produce a kiln furniture solution that meets with the current conservation criteria, loosely based upon traditional potters' saggars. The primary innovation is a perforated refractory dish providing the same compartment throughout the firing and the desalination treatments. After three years' service the new kiln furniture's performance is assessed by comparison with the former “Inconel” firing basket and stainless-steel wire gauze equipment.
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Mrázek, Martin, and Ludvika Kanická. "Street Furniture for Seniors." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 68, no. 1 (2020): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068010081.

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Street furniture is an independent discipline. It addresses detailed solutions of products designed for human use in an exterior environment. Based on present-day studies, senior citizens constitute the fastest growing segment of the population. The sample element with defined ergonomic parameters has been defined by analyzing the standard and most used component of street furniture – bench, by the comparison of used materials and chosen construction. During the comparison and the subsequent conclusions, a great emphasis was placed on the functionality and durability of the individual components. The categories of street furniture have been based on the study of production programs of mainstream furniture manufacturers in Europe, and on the research of factors influencing street furniture. With the basic material of the supporting structure, the sitting and leaning sections and based on the measurements and defining of materials, a sample construction design has been proposed, and supporting element of concrete, steel and wooden constructions including their surface treatment has been described.
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Freitas, Maria Carolina, Matheus Dalboni de Moura e Silva, and Julia Sachetto Silva Germano. "Cold Rolled Superfine Steel." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.721.

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Aiming to meet new market demands for flat steel, steel companies have been developing new products with special features that allow various adjustments to your application. Our paper is a new product, the superfine steels, its applications, development feasibility and economic aspects. The market for steel furniture for domestic purposes has a great demand for cold-rolled steels, distributed in thick bands, currently between 0.40 mm and 0.70 mm. This segment showed continuous growth in recent years, like the white line, with special focus on the increased consumption presented by the classes C and D, driven by the reduction in Excise Tax (IPI), granted by the federal government in 2009. The proposal is to produce cold-rolled steel with thickness reaching up to 0.25 mm, maintaining the function of the final component to quality and stiffness required. Thinning is a thick white line trend of the world, due to the direct impact on reducing the final cost of the piece, reflecting the competitiveness of customers across the market, and there is a clear need to develop new applications for these materials, not only to the white line, as well as for the mobile industry and metal packaging.Keywords:ColdRolled SuperfineSteel,reducingthickwhite line
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Freitas, Maria Carolina, Matheus Dalboni de Moura e Silva, and Julia Sachetto Silva Germano. "Cold Rolled Superfine Steel." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.997.

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Aiming to meet new market demands for flat steel, steel companies have been developing new products with special features that allow various adjustments to your application. Our paper is a new product, the superfine steels, its applications, development feasibility and economic aspects. The market for steel furniture for domestic purposes has a great demand for cold-rolled steels, distributed in thick bands, currently between 0.40 mm and 0.70 mm. This segment showed continuous growth in recent years, like the white line, with special focus on the increased consumption presented by the classes C and D, driven by the reduction in Excise Tax (IPI), granted by the federal government in 2009. The proposal is to produce cold-rolled steel with thickness reaching up to 0.25 mm, maintaining the function of the final component to quality and stiffness required. Thinning is a thick white line trend of the world, due to the direct impact on reducing the final cost of the piece, reflecting the competitiveness of customers across the market, and there is a clear need to develop new applications for these materials, not only to the white line, as well as for the mobile industry and metal packaging.Keywords:ColdRolled SuperfineSteel,reducingthickwhite line
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Cwudziński, A. "Piv Method and Numerical Computation for Prediction of Liquid Steel Flow Structure in Tundish." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0002.

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AbstractThis paper presents the results of computer simulations and laboratory experiments carried out to describe the motion of steel flow in the tundish. The facility under investigation is a single-nozzle tundish designed for casting concast slabs. For the validation of the numerical model and verification of the hydrodynamic conditions occurring in the examined tundish furniture variants, obtained from the computer simulations, a physical model of the tundish was employed. State-of-the-art vector flow field analysis measuring systems developed by Lavision were used in the laboratory tests. Computer simulations of liquid steel flow were performed using the commercial program Ansys-Fluent¯. In order to obtain a complete hydrodynamic picture in the tundish furniture variants tested, the computer simulations were performed for both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.
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Yumrutas, H. Ibrahim, and Huseyin Yorur. "Hybrid Road Barrier Design As Aesthetic Safety Feature and Urban Furniture." International Journal of System Modeling and Simulation 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijsms.2017.2.2.23.

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Abstract— There are various types of road barriers such as steel W beam, steel cable, concrete and wooden (timber) that have been used all over the World. They all have some advantages and disadvantages from different kinds of aspects such as construction time, ease of installation, low-cost, proven effectiveness, impact resistance, durability, service life, maintenance, etc. but to attain a more pleasant drive especially in historical and natural urban roads or scenic highways, installing wooden (timber) barriers can be considered as a more aesthetically pleasing alternative. In addition to aesthetic, wooden barriers can be preferred for their impact energy and sound absorption capabilities especially in urban roads. With the design, it is also estimated that light effect of oncoming traffic will be blocked. The main idea is to use hybrid barriers for both aesthetic safety feature in scenic or historical roads and urban furniture. This paper also summarizes comparisons among conventional road barrier systems considering the European standard EN 1317, Road Restraint Systems and provides a discussion of future designs. Index Terms—road restraint system, timber barrier, hybrid barrier, road barrier, urban furniture
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Decharat, Somsiri. "Hippuric Acid Levels in Paint Workers at Steel Furniture Manufacturers in Thailand." Safety and Health at Work 5, no. 4 (December 2014): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2014.07.006.

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Salsabila, Karima, Evanita Evanita, and Aditya Akbar Riadi. "APLIKASI MANAJEMEN CUTI KARYAWAN DENGAN NOTIFIKASI WHATSAPP BERBASIS WEB PADA CV. MANDIRI ABADI." Biner : Jurnal Ilmiah Informatika dan Komputer 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/biner.v3i1.6629.

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CV. Mandiri Abadi merupakan salah satu produsen Furniture taman Outdoor dan jati terbaik di Indonesia yang memproduksi Furniture jati, rotan sintetis, aluminium Powder-Coated dan Stainless Steel berkualitas tinggi. Perusahaan ini sudah berdiri sejak tahun 1997 tepatnya di desa Bawu Jepara. Pada proses pengajuan cutinya karyawan masih menggunakan cara manual yaitu harus menyampaikan pengajuan izin tersebut secara tertulis dengan mengisi formulir permohonan cuti. Penerapan cara seperti itu dirasa memiliki kelemahan yaitu kurang efisien dan butuh waktu yang lama karena belum terkomputerisasi. Berdasarkan uraian keadaan tersebut maka penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahan mengenai sistem manajemen cuti. Tujuannya untuk membangun sistem manajemen cuti karyawan berbasis WEB, dengan menerapkan metode waterfall untuk pengembangan sistemnya. Diharapkan dengan dibangunnya sistem manajemen cuti ini dapat menyelesaikan masalah-masalah yang terjadi serta dapat meningkatkan efesiensi dan efektifitas agar pelayanan perusahaan terhadap karyawan menjadi lebih baik.
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Nishad, Mr Anandkar Roopnarayan, Prof Zakir A Farooqui, and Dr Ashwini Kshirsagar. "JSW Paints PVT LTD -Marketing Strategy." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 01 (January 15, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28156.

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MUMBAI, MAY 2, 2019: India’s leading business conglomerate, JSW Group has entered the paints business in India with JSW Paints. This is part of the Group’s diversification into consumer facing businesses and a historic first time entry of an Indian conglomerate into the organized paints sector. With the launch of its paints business, JSW Group aims to make a comprehensive offering for consumer homes through steel, cement, furniture and now paints
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Smardzewski, Jerzy, Tadeusz Kamisiński, Dorota Dziurka, Radosław Mirski, Adam Majewski, Artur Flach, and Adam Pilch. "Sound absorption of wood-based materials." Holzforschung 69, no. 4 (May 1, 2015): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0114.

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Abstract From modern buildings to public spaces are made of concrete, steel, and glass. These materials increase propagation of sound and the reverberation time. Therefore, furniture should be good sound absorbers in such places. The objective of this study was to ascertain acoustic properties of wood-based materials by determining normal acoustic impedance on the surface and sound absorption coefficients. Experiments were carried out on 17 types of wood-based materials commonly employed in furniture design and manufacture. Investigations were conducted based on the transfer-function method. It was demonstrated that for frequencies between 125 and 500 Hz, the highest capability of sound absorption was determined of low surface layer density and high porosity. Honeycomb panels with paper core absorbed better sounds in the range between 1 and 2 kHz. Panels of considerable external surface irregularities were characterized by the most favorable acoustic properties for the frequency of 4 kHz.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steel furniture"

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Muhr, Sandra, and Kasim Aytekin. "Woven steel mesh for usage in beds : A case study for IKEA." Thesis, KTH, Flerskalig materialmodellering, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191027.

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This study examines whether woven metal mesh is an appropriate option for usage in beds and what material the mesh should consist of to best be suited for the purpose. The woven steel mesh’s construction was based on a reference model that consists of cross-linked rods and wires. Since the aim of the project was to reach a conclusion of the mesh’s usability in beds, different parameters were examined and taken into consideration. These parameters were the durability of the mesh when carrying human weight, acoustic properties to minimize chatter when lying on the mesh and rolling properties. The durability was examined using COMSOL multiphysics. Acoustics were studied through a literature review and rolling properties were calculated using measurements on the reference model. A material investigation was done in the database software CES EduPack. It was found that steel, stainless steel and aluminum fulfilled the requirements set on durability. Stainless steel was considered too expensive and steel too heavy. Using aluminum halves the weight of the mesh in comparison to steel but doubles the price, in this case however the weight was considered to be a parameter of greater importance overriding price.
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Jansková, Jana. "Design zahradního nábytku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228592.

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A garden furniture design is solved in this diploma work. This concept contains a design of armchair, two table sorts and deck-chair. This work is focused on a wider relation between design of garden furniture and a general exterior of a garden and a house. A general impression from these components of this configuration corresponds with modern and fresh trends. This makes provision for constructional accidence solution. Chances of current used material are deeply verified and knowledge of using new materials is availed. This work aroused from consultations with authorities from this field of knowledge. An originated design is an adequate and completely useful.
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Malečková, Kateřina. "Architektonická studie sakrálního objektu Brno - Líšeň." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414268.

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The topic of this diploma thesis is design processing of a new sacral building in Brno-Líšeň district. It is a plot in the middle of a panel building between the health centre building and the building of the Salesian Youth Center, so-called Salesko. The Salesian community, which will use the building the most, has been waiting for the realization of this building for many years. The key theme is the creation of spaces enabling people to meet for worship, celebrations and social events. The design is processed by two interconnected operations - the building of the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit and the building of clergy house. The basic composition consists of three cubic masses - the entrance, the main liturgical space and the clergy house. The bell tower is the height dominant feature which indicates the sacral function of the building. The project consists a set of buildings with two above-ground floors and a basement in the entrance part of the church. This project also mentions the solution of open spaces around the plot and their conversion into quality public areas, marginally. The sacral space is to become a place that welcomes and takes in its visitors and gives them the feeling of safety. Inside this building, people will find peace, support and undestarstanding, so they may leave with the feeling of being a better person.
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Books on the topic "Steel furniture"

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1927-, Turner Ralph, Barber Ed, Abrams Janet, and Crafts Council Gallery, eds. City steel: Contemporary metal furniture. London: Crafts Council Gallery, 1991.

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K, Gupta R. New steel furniture catalogue: Metallmobel. Delhi: Hind Pustak Bhandar, 1991.

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1796-1871, Thonet Michael, Pauley Brigitta, and Ellenberg Peter, eds. Thonet: Classic furniture in bent wood and tubular steel. New York: Rizzoli, 1997.

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1796-1871, Thonet Michael, Pauley Brigitta, and Ellenberg Peter, eds. Thonet: Classic furniture in bent wood and tubular steel. London: Hazar Pub., 1996.

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National Information Standards Organization (U.S.). Single-tier steel bracket library shelving. Bethesda, Md., U.S.A: NISO Press, 1995.

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Ohtake, Ruy. Arquiteturas móveis =: Moveable architectures. [São Paulo, Brazil?: s.n., 1996.

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Brandão, Marili, and Priscyla Gomes. Ruy Ohtake: O design da forma = the design of form. São Paulo: Instituto Tomie Ohtake, 2019.

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Werner, Möller. Ein Stuhl macht Geschichte. München: Prestel, 1992.

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Plagiarius, Aktion, ed. Kreuzschwinger: Dynamisches Sitzen = Dynamic seating. Berlin: Mann, 2008.

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Plagiarius, Aktion, ed. Kreuzschwinger: Dynamisches Sitzen = Dynamic seating. Berlin: Mann, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Steel furniture"

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Dürr, Eberhard. "Laboratory Furniture Made from Stainless Steel - for Clean-Rooms, Labs, Medical-, and Industry Applications." In The Sustainable Laboratory Handbook, 241–54. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527337095.ch21.

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"steel furniture." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Interior Design. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365171.3670.

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Allen, Edward, David Swoboda, and Edward Allen. "Controlling Fire." In How Buildings Work, 213–26. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195161984.003.0019.

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Abstract A building supplies a concentration of fuel for an accidental fire. A wooden building is itself a source of fuel, but even a concrete or steel building usually contains furniture, paper, carpets, and combustible building materials such as wood paneling and plastic insulating materials. Oil, gas, gasoline, paints, rubber, chemicals, and other highly flammable materials are often present in buildings.
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Marichelvam, Mariappan Kadarkarainadar, and Mariappan Geetha. "Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Solving Real Industrial Multi-Objective Scheduling Problems." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 4369–81. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch379.

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A multistage hybrid flow shop scheduling problem is considered in this chapper with the objective of minimizing the makespan and mean flow time. Since the problem is NP-hard in nature, many heuristics and meta-heuristics were developed by the researchers. cuckoo search algorithm is one of the recently developed meta–heuristic algorithms inspired by the social behavior of cuckoos. The cuckoo search algorithm is presented in this paper to solve the hybrid flow shop scheduling problems. To illustrate the proposed algorithm, data sets from a steel furniture manufacturing company are used. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm is better than many other algorithms.
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Marichelvam, Mariappan Kadarkarainadar, and Mariappan Geetha. "Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Solving Real Industrial Multi-Objective Scheduling Problems." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 400–414. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7359-3.ch027.

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A multistage hybrid flow shop scheduling problem is considered in this chapter with the objective of minimizing the makespan and mean flow time. Since the problem is NP-hard in nature, many heuristics and meta-heuristics were developed by the researchers. Cuckoo search algorithm is one of the recently developed meta-heuristic algorithms inspired by the social behavior of cuckoos. The cuckoo search algorithm is presented in this chapter to solve the hybrid flow shop scheduling problems. To illustrate the proposed algorithm, data sets from a steel furniture manufacturing company are used. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm is better than many other algorithms.
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Bhatt, Ela R. "Rag Pickers." In We Are Poor but So Many, 47–58. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169843.003.0003.

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Abstract Since the late 1890s, two-thirds of the population of Ahmedabad was economically engaged around the textile industry. An entire subeconomy grew around the scrap thrown out by mills. Big traders purchased these discarded cut pieces and end strips of mill cloth and sent them through a chain of contractors to Muslim women in slums, who stitched them into garments and quilts in their homes. Iron and wood scraps were sold, also through subcontractors, to Marwari women junksmiths to tum into buckets, kitchen racks, cooking stoves, and small items of furniture. The main consumers of these recycled products were poor urban families. The lowest in the hierarchy of scraps went to the dalit women, who picked over the floor sweepings of mills, factories and shops, and salvaged any useable waste thrown out on the streets. These waste pickers are like self-appointed recycling agents-visiting every worksite, roadside, and garbage dump in search for anything of value-newspapersandwhite paper, glass bottles, plastic bags, bottle tops, bits of broken machinery, iron nails and steel filings, discarded hair, and pieces of wood.
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White, Ashli. "Introduction." In Revolutionary Things, 1–16. Yale University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300259018.003.0001.

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The introduction makes a case for the importance of material culture to the age of Atlantic revolutions. Focusing on the period of the American, French, and Haitian revolutions (1770–1810), the chapter establishes the impressive volume and variety of objects associated with these political movements. Within this vast field, it draws attention to those items with transnational reach—ones that circulated from one revolutionary site to another. This subset included everything from furniture and ceramics to uniforms and accessories to maps, prints, and popular amusements. By proposing new approaches to understanding the political possibilities of these things, the chapter contends that material culture was a dynamic means through which diverse actors at the time tried to understand and steer the courses of revolutions.
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"Historiographer should be the twelfth booke which is the last, where I deuise that the Faery Queene kept her Annuall feaste xii. dayes, vppon which xii. seuerall dayes, the occasions of the xii. seuerall aduentures hapned, which being vndertaken by xii. seuerall knights, are in these xii books seuerally handled and discoursed. The first was this. In the beginning of the feast, there presented him selfe a tall clownishe younge man, who falling before the Queen of Faries desired a boone (as the manner then was) which during that feast she might not refuse: which was that hee might haue the atchieuement of any aduenture, which during that feaste should happen, that being graunted, he rested him on the floore, vnfitte through his rusticity for a better place. Soone after entred a faire Ladye in mourning weedes, riding on a white Asse, with a dwarfe behind her leading a warlike steed, that bore the Armes of a knight, and his speare in the dwarfes hand. Shee falling before the Queene of Faeries, complayned that her father and mother an ancient King and Queene, had bene by an huge dragon many years shut vp in a brasen Castle, who thence suffred them not to yssew: and therefore besought the Faery Queene to assygne her some one of her knights to take on him that exployt. Presently that clownish person vpstarting, desired that aduenture: whereat the Queene much wondering, and the Lady much gaine-saying, yet he earnestly importuned his desire. In the end the Lady told him that vnlesse that armour which she brought, would serue him (that is the armour of a Christian man specified by Saint Paul v. Ephes.) that he could not succeed in that enterprise, which being forthwith put vpon him with dewe furnitures thereunto, he seemed the goodliest man in al that company, and was well liked of the Lady. And eftesoones taking on him knighthood, and mounting on that straunge Courser, he went forth with her on that aduenture: where begin-neth the first booke, vz. A gentle knight was pricking on the playne. &c. The second day ther came in a Palmer bearing an Infant with bloody hands, whose Parents he complained to haue bene slayn by an Enchaunteresse called Acrasia: and therfore craued of the Faery Queene, to appoint him some knight, to performe that aduenture, which being assigned to Sir Guyon, he presently went forth with that same Palmer: which is the beginning of the second booke and the whole subiect thereof. The third day there." In Spenser: The Faerie Queene, 739. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315834696-126.

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Conference papers on the topic "Steel furniture"

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Mingprasert, S., and J. Jaturonnatee. "Design of inspection plans for a Stainless Steel Furniture Factory." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Quality and Reliability (ICQR). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icqr.2011.6031761.

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Spremić, Milan, Isidora Jakovljević, and Aljoša Filipović. "ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON THE DURABILITY OF STEEL STRUCTURE – A CASE STUDY OF ADVERTISING BILLBOARD POLES." In Assessment, maintenance and rehabilitation of structures. Association of Civil Engineers of Serbia, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sgisxiii.21ms.

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The steel structures of canopies, public garage columns, street lighting, power lines and other street furniture are constantly exposed to weather effects in their service life. The steel structure of street furniture is often exposed to the effects of de-icing salts from the roads. The paper analyses the effects of the urban environment on the durability of steel structures. The macroscopic visual inspection included 181 steel billboard poles on the territory of the City of Belgrade. The analysis of the surface treatment, the condition of the structure and its location provided conclusions regarding the durability of steel structures in urban environments. The environmental corrosivity on the territory of the City of Belgrade has been analysed. The analysis included the bearing steel structure of poles and the joint between the steel structure and foundations
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Backhouse, Andrew, and Sukanya Hägg Mameng. "Duplex stainless steels: sustainable materials for highly durable structures." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1619.

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<p>Stainless steels are well known for their durability in the built environment, having been widely used in external building cladding, street furniture and public artworks; the 1930’s stainless steel roof of the Chrysler Building is a fine example. Modern steelmaking techniques have facilitated the production of stainless steels with 85% recycled content and the production of high strength duplex stainless steels. High strength minimizes the weight of steel required and the inherent corrosion resistance means there is no need for additional corrosion protection even in aggressive coastal environments. These properties allow duplex steels to be efficiently used as durable structural engineering materials. The corrosion performance of several stainless steels, including a newly developed duplex grade LDX2404 (EN1.4662/UNS82441) has been studied in coastal atmospheric conditions. The performance of stainless steels under these test conditions is found to be similar to the performance in existing structural applications in comparable real-world environments. It is observed that the performance of a stainless steel grade can be adequately assessed in a given environment after only a few months or years, as the onset of any detrimental corrosion effects become visibly evident rather quickly. Appropriately selected grades of stainless steel for a given environment can be fully resistant to corrosion effects, and thus can be considered highly durable materials for bridges and other structural uses in the external environment.</p>
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Jenkins, Jon, Tony Gaffka, and Steve Withers. "Transactive-20 Container for Transporting Large Volumes of Intermediate Level Waste." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4751.

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AEA Technology has commissioned the Transactive-20 container to transport large quantities of intermediate level waste (ILW). The container was designed and built by RWE NUKEM and has the appearance of a standard ISO freight container approximately 6m long × 2.4m wide × 2.6m high (20’ × 8’ × 8’ 6”). Inside it is a tubular stainless steel pressure vessel, 5.5m long × 1.9m diameter, that enables great flexibility in the payload type, for example: • up to thirty standard 227 litre (55 US gallon) drums of contact-handled ILW (CHILW); • up to five 500 litre drums of CHILW; • multiple packages of remote-handled ILW (RHILW). A variety of other desings of internal furniture can be developed to accommodate inner containers to meet specific customer requirements such as pallets of bulk items, glovebox waste or drums of radioactive liquid. The maximum gross payload is 6.5 tonnes, which is equivalent in practice to about 4 tonnes of CHILW. The maximum laden weight is 26 tonnes. The package is approved to IAEA Type B (U) F standards for transporting up to 3kg of fissile material. This paper describes the design and operation of Transactive-20 and our experience of transporting plutonium-contaminated material (PCM) between UKAEA’s Winfrith and Harwell sites. The loading system enables the container to remain on the transport vehicle during the whole of the load/transport/unload/transport cycle between the sites and therefore minimises turnaround time. For the operation described here, UKAEA lifts six standard 227litre drums into a circular aluminium container, known as a ‘carousel’, which is then closed and turned automatically through 90° for loading into Transactive’s inner vessel. Five such carousels are loaded in this way and locked firmly in place, before bolting on the lid and leak testing the vessel. A hydraulically-driven outer door is then closed and fastened to make the package ready for transport. Unloading is a straightforward reverse sequence of the loading operation. This paper describes in detail the design of the Transactive-20 and our operational experience with PCM and other fissile CHILW outlined above. It also outlines our plans to use the container for remote-handled ILW (RHILW). For example, a carousel has been constructed to move spent 60Co or 137Cs sources from medical, educational or industrial irradiators to a centralised long-term storage facility.
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Reports on the topic "Steel furniture"

1

DiDomizio, Matthew, and Jonathan Butta. Measurement of Heat Transfer and Fire Damage Patterns on Walls for Fire Model Validation. UL Research Institutes, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hnkr9109.

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Fire models are presently employed by fire investigators to make predictions of fire dynamics within structures. Predictions include the evolution of gas temperatures and velocities, smoke movement, fire growth and spread, and thermal exposures to surrounding objects, such as walls. Heat flux varies spatially over exposed walls based on the complex thermal interactions within the fire environment, and is the driving factor for thermally induced fire damage. A fire model predicts the temperature and heat transfer through walls based on field predictions, such as radiative and convective heat flux, and is also subject to the boundary condition represen-tation, which is at the discretion of model practitioners. At the time of writing, Fire Dynamics Simulator can represent in-depth heat transfer through walls, and transverse heat transfer is in a preliminary development stage. Critically, limited suitable data exists for validation of heat trans-fer through walls exposed to fires. Mass loss and discoloration fire effects are directly related to the heat transfer and thermal decomposition of walls, therefore it is crucial that the representation of transverse heat transfer in walls in fire models be validated to ensure that fire investigators can produce accurate simulations and reconstructions with these tools. The purpose of this study was to conduct a series of experiments to obtain data that addresses three validation spaces: 1) thermal exposure to walls from fires; 2) heat transfer within walls exposed to fires; and 3) fire damage patterns arising on walls exposed to fires. Fire Safety Research Institute, part of UL Research Institutes, in collaboration with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Fire Research Laboratory, led this novel research endeavor. Experiments were performed on three types of walls to address the needs in this validation space: 1. Steel sheet (304 stainless steel, 0.793 mm thick, coated in high-emissivity high-temperature paint on both sides). This wall type was used to support the heat flux validation objective. By combining measurements of gas temperatures near the wall with surface temperatures obtained using infrared thermography, estimates of the incident heat flux to the wall were produced. 2. Calcium silicate board (BNZ Marinite I, 12.7 mm thick). This wall type was used to support the heat transfer validation objective. Since calcium silicate board is a noncombustible material with well-characterized thermophysical properties at elevated temperatures, measurements of surface temperature may be used to validate transverse heat transfer in a fire model without the need to account for a decomposition mechanism. 3. Gypsum wallboard (USG Sheetrock Ultralight, 12.7 mm thick, coated in white latex paint on the exposed side). This wall type was used to support the fire damage patterns validation objective. Two types of fire effects were considered: 1) discoloration and charring of the painted paper facing of the gypsum wallboard; and 2) mass loss of the gypsum wallboard (which is related to the calcination of the core material). In addition to temperature and heat flux measurements, high resolution photographs of fire patterns were recorded, and mass loss over the entirety of the wall was measured by cutting the wall into smaller samples and measuring the mass of each individual sample. A total of 63 experiments were conducted, encompassing seven fire sources and three wall types (each combination conducted in triplicate). Fire sources included a natural gas burner, gasoline and heptane pools, wood cribs, and upholstered furniture. A methodology was developed for obtaining estimates of field heat flux to a wall using a large plate heat flux sensor. This included a numerical optimization scheme to account for convection heat transfer. These data characterized the incident heat flux received by calcium silicate board and gypsum wallboard in subsequent experiments. Fire damage patterns on the gypsum wallboard, attributed to discoloration and mass loss fire effects, were measured. It was found that heat flux and mass loss fields were similar for a given fire type, but the relationship between these measurements was not consistent across all fire types. Therefore, it was concluded that cumulative heat flux does not adequately describe the mass loss fire effect. Fire damage patterns attributed to the discoloration fire effect were defined as the line of demarcation separating charred and uncharred regions of the wall. It was found that the average values of cumulative heat flux and mass loss ratio coinciding with the fire damage patterns were 10.41 ± 1.51 MJ m−2 and 14.86 ± 2.08 %, respectively. These damage metrics may have utility in predicting char delineation damage patterns in gypsum wallboard using a fire model, with the mass loss ratio metric being overall the best fit over all exposures considered. The dataset produced in this study has been published to a public repository, and may be accessed from the following URL: <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10543089>.
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