Relevant bibliographies by topics / Steel – Inclusions

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Steel – Inclusions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Steel – Inclusions"

1

Wang, Yan, Qing Xiao Li, Shuo Ming Wang, and Peng Long Han. "Study of Inclusion’s Source and Character in Different T[O] Content." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.187.

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Inclusion’s source and character in different T[ content are studied in the paper, molten slag and refractory material that leave in steel are also calculated. Inclusion in steel are principally come from deoxidation, accompany with the decrease of T[ content, influence of molten slag and refractory materials to inclusions are getting more and more serials. Inclusions which come from molten slag and refractory material are 88.9%, 24.6% and 18.1% defenetly. Great influence on non steady large inclusions in T[ steel, when the mold level fluctuation is large, almost 100% of inclusions in steel ha
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Wang, Yuhang, Xian Zhang, Wenzhui Wei, Xiangliang Wan, Jing Liu, and Kaiming Wu. "Effects of Ti and Cu Addition on Inclusion Modification and Corrosion Behavior in Simulated Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone of Low-Alloy Steels." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040791.

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In this paper, the effects of Ti and Cu addition on inclusion modification and corrosion behavior in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of low-alloy steels were investigated by using in-situ scanning vibration electrode technique (SVET), scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and electrochemical workstation. The results demonstrated that the complex inclusions formed in Cu-bearing steel were (Ti, Al, Mn)-Ox-MnS, which was similar to that in base steel. Hence, localized corrosion was initiated by the dissolution of MnS. However, the mai
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Wang, Linzhu, Zuobing Xi, and Changrong Li. "Modification of Type B Inclusions by Calcium Treatment in High-Carbon Hard-Wire Steel." Metals 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050676.

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To investigate the modification of type B inclusions in high-carbon hard-wire steel with Ca treatment, Si-Ca alloy was added to high-carbon hard-steel, and the composition, morphology, size, quantity, and distribution of inclusions were observed. The samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The experimental thermal results showed that the modification effect of inclusion was better in high-carbon hard-wire steel with Al of 0.0053% and Ca of 0.0029% than that in steel with Al of 0.011% and Ca of 0.0052%, in which the inclusions were mai
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Wang, Wanlin, Liwen Xue, Tongsheng Zhang, Lejun Zhou, Daoyuan Huang, Weiguang Tian, and Jialin Xu. "Thermodynamics and transient behavior of the inclusion in Si deoxidized stainless steel for high-grade plate." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 6 (2019): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019042.

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The experiments were carried out to determine the transient behavior of the inclusion in Si-deoxidized stainless steel for high-grade plate. The samples were taken from three heats of the steel during the whole production process from the AOD to the mold, which were subsequently examined by an automatic scanning electron microscope with field energy dispersive spectrometer (FE-SEM&EDS). It can be summarized that appropriate calcium treatment intensity could modify inclusions into liquid ones. Excessive calcium treatment above ([Ca] = 25 ppm) will increase the melting point of the inclusion
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Shen, Ping, and Jianxun Fu. "Morphology Study on Inclusion Modifications Using Mg–Ca Treatment in Resulfurized Special Steel." Materials 12, no. 2 (January 9, 2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12020197.

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In resulfurized special steel, MnS and Al2O3 are two main inclusions that deteriorate fatigue life and machinability. It is important that these two inclusions should be well controlled to increase steel quality and usage performance. In the present study, a Mg–Ca treatment was employed to modify the MnS and Al2O3 inclusions in resulfurized steels to reduce detrimental effects on fatigue life and machinability. In the laboratory study, Ni–Mg alloy was added to 16MnCrS5 and 49MnVS3 steels. Both Al2O3 and CaO–Al2O3 were gradually modified to MgO·Al2O3 and MgO, being surrounded by MnS, that is, a
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Yu, Huixiang, Muming Li, Jiaming Zhang, and Dexin Yang. "Effect of Mn Content on the Reaction between Fe-xMn (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 Mass pct) Steel and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO Slag." Metals 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081200.

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Medium- and high-Mn steels have excellent properties but are very difficult to be commercially produced because of the high content of some alloy elements. To enhance the understanding of the reaction between medium/high-Mn steel and refining slag which is significantly different from the conventional steels, steel and slag composition and the inclusions were investigated by equilibrium reaction between Fe-xMn (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 mass pct) and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO top slag at 1873 K in the laboratory. Furthermore, the effect of Mn content on inclusion transformation and steel cleanliness was
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Zhu, Tengwei, Feng Huang, Jing Liu, Qian Hu, and Wei Li. "Effects of inclusion on corrosion resistance of weathering steel in simulated industrial atmosphere." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 63, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-05-2015-1538.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the atmospheric corrosion mechanism of structural materials to develop more advanced corrosion-control technologies and cost-reduction strategies. As a second phase in steels, the non-metallic oxide inclusions are considered to not only affect the mechanical properties of steel but also the corrosion resistance of steel. So, an important research goal in this paper is to investigate the indoor accelerated corrosion kinetics of Q450NQR1 weathering steel, analyzing the galvanic polarity of different inclusions in electrochemical corrosion microcell between
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Gu, Chao, Min Wang, Yanping Bao, Fuming Wang, and Junhe Lian. "Quantitative Analysis of Inclusion Engineering on the Fatigue Property Improvement of Bearing Steel." Metals 9, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040476.

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The fatigue property is significantly affected by the inner inclusions in steel. Due to the inhomogeneity of inclusion distribution in the micro-scale, it is not straightforward to quantify the effect of inclusions on fatigue behavior. Various investigations have been performed to correlate the inclusion characteristics, such as inclusion fraction, size, and composition, with fatigue life. However, these studies are generally based on vast types of steels and even for a similar steel grade, the alloy concept and microstructure information can still be of non-negligible difference. For a quanti
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Xing, Zhiguo, Zhiyuan Wang, Haidou Wang, and Debin Shan. "Bending Fatigue Behaviors Analysis and Fatigue Life Prediction of 20Cr2Ni4 Gear Steel with Different Stress Concentrations near Non-metallic Inclusions." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203443.

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To investigate the relationship between inclusions and bending fatigue behaviors in 20Cr2Ni4 steel under different stress concentrations. This paper designs a new experimental method to prefabricate different size stress concentrations near the inclusions, and then conducts a new type of bending fatigue test to study the inclusions and their surrounding stress distributions in 20Cr2Ni4 steel. A microhardness tester was combined with laser etching equipment to realize the prefabrication of different stress concentrations at arbitrary positions around any inclusion on the gear steel surface. Thi
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Zhou, Xiao Lei, Zhe Shi, and Gui Fang Zhang. "The Evolution of Non-Metallic Inclusions in IF Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 696 (November 2014): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.696.62.

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At present, China's IF steel production has get a certain scale. But IF steel production is still in the primary stage of development. Therefore, the process control of inclusions in IF steel have become a pressing matter of the moment. This has important theoretical value and practical significance for further development of IF steel production in China. According to the size, the inclusions can be divided into super micro inclusions, micro inclusions and micro inclusions in the steel. According to the deformation capacity, inclusions can be divided into plastic inclusions, semi plastic inclu
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steel – Inclusions"

1

Douglas, Brent A. "Nonmetallic inclusions in HSLA steel weldments." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27164.

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Gregg, John Martin. "Ferrite nucleation on non-metallic inclusions in steel." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/221878.

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Kuyucak, Selçuk. "Direct detection of non-metallic inclusions in molten iron." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63356.

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Ruoru, Ke. "Pitting corrosion on sulphide inclusions in stainless steel 316." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847585/.

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Pits have been observed to initiate at certain inclusions in stainless steel, which affect the composition and properties of the passive film in that region. In this thesis, the VG MA500 high resolution scanning Auger microscope associated with Link EDX is used to investigate the surface chemistry of inclusion groups in stainless steel 316 relative to the bulk composition, before and after exposure to sodium chloride solution. The work demonstrates that careful control of experimental conditions allows the progress of initiation of pits to be observed systematically. The role of inclusions as
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Nakajima, Hidemasa. "On the detection and behaviour of second phase particles in steel melts." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75341.

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The behaviour of second phase particles in molten steel processing vessels was investigated, using the E.S.Z. (Electric Sensing Zone) method, in conjunction with aqueous modelling and molten steel systems.<br>1. Slag droplet entrainment/dispersion is an axisymmetric gas injection stirred system was investigated: A tank containing a water-olive oil simulation of stirred ladles of molten steel was used. Extensive numerical predictions of the oil (slag) droplet population distributions within the vessel were also carried out, and reasonable agreement with the experimental data achieved. Droplet d
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Hussain, I. "A comparison of the cleanliness of steels treated with calcium-silicon and magnesium." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234259.

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Deng, Zhiyin. "Study on the Interaction between Refractory and Liquid Steel Regarding Steel Cleanliness." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikro-modellering, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190071.

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The present thesis focuses on the interaction between refractory and liquid steel. The aim of this work is to understand the interaction behavior between refractory and liquid steel regarding steel cleanliness. The effect of different refractories on different inclusions in Al-killed steel was studied in a furnace. The sintering mechanism of filler sand were also investigated in laboratory. In the industrial trials, the attachments of different oxides on the walls of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) were discussed in the cases of high strength low alloy steel (HSLA) and ultra-low carbon steel (ULC
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Söder, Mats. "Growth and removal of inclusions during ladle refining." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-45.

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<p>The overall purpose of this thesis work has been to further our understanding of the growth and removal of inclusions in gas- and induction-stirred ladles. The primary focus has been on alumina inclusions. </p><p>Growth mechanisms were studied using data from fundamental mathematical models of gas- and induction-stirred ladles. The results showed the turbulence mechanism to be the most dominant in alumina inclusion growth. The dynamic growth and removal of inclusions in a gas-stirred ladle was studied using mathematical modelling. The model results showed concentration gradients of inclusio
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Tian, Chenguo. "On the removal of non-metallic inclusions from molten steel through filtration." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59991.

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Non-metallic inclusions in steel such as alumina, silicates, etc. are detrimental to many steel properties. Elimination of these inclusions has long been a major target in steelmaking.<br>In this investigation, attempts have been made to remove these non-metallic inclusions by passing the liquid steel through a ceramic filter. It was found that this approach is very effective for removing solid non-wetting inclusions such as alumina. It appeared that liquid silicates could also be removed to some degree.
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Dey, Arghya. "The effect of steel composition on the behaviour of inclusions during steelmaking." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500451.

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Books on the topic "Steel – Inclusions"

1

Kiessling, Roland. Non-metallic inclusions in steel. London: Institute of Metals, 1989.

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Pytel, Stanisław. Ocena odkształcalności wtrąceń niemetalicznych w stali. Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, 1989.

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Douglas, Brent A. Nonmetallic inclusions in HSLA steel weldments. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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International, Symposium on the Control and Effects of Inclusions and Residuals in Steels (2nd 1986 Toronto Ont ). Proceedings, International Symposium on the Control and Effects of Inclusions and Residuals in Steels: A symposium. Montreal, Quebec: Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1986.

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Kemeny, Frank. Review of deoxidation practice. Des Plaines, Ill: Carbon and Low Alloy Research Committee, Steel Founders' Society of America, 1990.

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Wanstall, Christopher R. Clean cast steel technology. [Des Plaines, IL]: Technical Steering Committee, Steel Founders' Society of America, 1994.

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A, Griffin John. Ladle treating, pouring, and gating for the production of clean steel castings. [Des Plaines, Ill.]: Technical Steering Committee, Steel Founders' Society of America, 1991.

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Ramaswamy, Viswanathan, and ASM International Energy Division, eds. Clean steels technology: Proceedings of the Robert I. Jaffee Memorial Symposium on Clean Materials Technology, ASM/TMS materials week, 2-5 November 1992, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [Palo Alto, Calif.]: Electric Power Research Institute, 1992.

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Gubenko, Svetlana Ivanovna. Transformat͡s︡ii͡a︡ nemetallicheskikh vkli͡u︡cheniĭ v stali. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a︡", 1991.

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Y, Sahai. Tundish technology for clean steel production. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Steel – Inclusions"

1

Ototani, Tohei. "Influence of Calcium on Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steels." In Calcium Clean Steel, 62–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82752-5_5.

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Li, Ming, Biao Tao, Huajie Wu, and Yanhui Sun. "Effect of ZrO2 Filters on Inclusions in Steel." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 155–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65253-1_13.

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Islam, Showmic, Satyajeet P. Deshpande, Luz D. Sotelo, Musa Norouzian, Michael T. Lumpkin, Liesl F. Ammerlaan, Allen J. Fuller, and Joseph A. Turner. "Quantitative Ultrasonic Characterization of Subsurface Inclusions in Tapered Roller Bearings." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 12th Volume, Progress in Bearing Steel Metallurgical Testing and Quality Assurance, 66–81. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp162320190081.

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Glaws, Peter C., and Michael E. Burnett. "The Effect of Nonmetallic Inclusions on Bending Fatigue Performance in High-Strength Steels." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 11th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings, 502–18. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp160020170011.

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Suarez, Aldara Naveira. "Characterization of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Bearing Steels by Means of Focused Ion Beam." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 10th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings, 1–21. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158020140082.

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Shimamoto, Masaki, Tomoko Sugimura, Sei Kimura, Akihiro Owaki, Masaki Kaizuka, and Yosuke Shindo. "Improvement of the Rolling Contact Fatigue Resistance in Bearing Steels by Adjusting the Composition of Oxide Inclusions." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 10th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings, 1–13. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158020140043.

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Liu, Hui, Yikui Xie, Qiankun Yang, Qi Zhou, and Jie Ma. "Modification of Inclusions by Adding Mg to 16MnCrS5 Gear Steel." In 11th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 595–604. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36540-0_53.

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Zhou, Qinghai, Jiongming Zhang, and Yanbin Yin. "Analysis of Large Inclusions in Crankshaft Steel by Ingot Casting." In Materials Processing Fundamentals 2019, 107–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05728-2_10.

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Zhu, Mingmei, Fei Xiong, Guanghua Wen, Shengjian Cao, and Jian Li. "Inclusions Removal by Gas Bubbles in Steel Continuous Casting Tundish." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2013, 37–43. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118659045.ch5.

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Rajendran, Mohan Kumar, Michael Budnitzki, and Meinhard Kuna. "Multi-scale Modeling of Partially Stabilized Zirconia with Applications to TRIP-Matrix Composites." In Austenitic TRIP/TWIP Steels and Steel-Zirconia Composites, 679–721. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42603-3_21.

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Abstract The understanding of how the microstructure influences the mechanical response is an essential pre-requisite for materials tailored to match specific requirements. The aim of this chapter is to further this understanding in the context of Mg-PSZ-TRIP-steel composites on three different scales using a set of methods ranging from phase-field simulations over micromechanics to continuum constitutive modeling. On the microscale, using a Ginzburg-Landau type phase-field model the effects of cooling- and stress-induced martensitic phase transformation in MgO-PSZ is clearly distinguished. Additionally with this method the role of energy barrier in variant selection and the effect of residual stress contributing to the stability of the tetragonal phase are also investigated. On the mesomechanical scale, an analytical 2D model for the martensitic phase transformation and self-accommodation of inclusions within linear elastic materials has been successfully developed. The influences of particle size and geometry, chemical driving force, temperature and surface energy on the $$t \rightarrow m$$ t → m transformation are investigated in a thermostatic approach. On the continuum scale, a continuum material model for transformation plasticity in partially stabilized zirconia ceramics has been developed. Nonlinear hardening behavior, hysteresis and monoclinic phase fraction during a temperature cycle are analyzed. Finally, The mechanical properties of a TRIP steel matrix reinforced by ZrO$$_2$$ 2 particles are analyzed on representative volume elements. Here the mechanical properties of the composite as function of volume fraction of both constituents and the strength of the interface are studied.
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Conference papers on the topic "Steel – Inclusions"

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Wang, Y., L. Zhang, W. Yang, Q. Ren, D. Pan, X. Wang, and L. Sun. "Modification of Oxide Inclusions in Q345D Steel." In MS&T17. MS&T17, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2017/mst_2017_676_681.

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Wang, Y., L. Zhang, W. Yang, Q. Ren, D. Pan, X. Wang, and L. Sun. "Modification of Oxide Inclusions in Q345D Steel." In MS&T17. MS&T17, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2017mst/2017/mst_2017_676_681.

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Wang, Chia-Sui, Wesley Huang, Mark Yeh, and Jou-Wei Lin. "A Digital Evaluation System for Inclusions in Steel." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing (ICAM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/amcon.2018.8615078.

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Dedmon, Steven, and James M. Pilch. "The Development of Residual Micro-Stresses Surrounding Various Inclusion Types in Wheel Steel." In ASME 2009 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2009-18009.

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Non-metallic inclusions are known to have deleterious affects on fatigue resistance of steels and other metals and alloys. Non-metallic inclusions reduce fatigue life by changing the micro-stresses in the vicinity of a propagating crack. But, some non-metallic types have a greater affect on fatigue life than other, more benign non-metallic types. Residual micro-stresses surrounding a non-metallic inclusion is proposed as one solution as to why these differences exist. Specifically investigated were the non-metallic types of Alumina, Silica and Manganese Sulfide — all of which are found to some
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Zhang, X., X. Luo, L. Zhang, F. Chai, and C. Yang. "Detection of Inclusions in Steel by Electrochemical Corrosion Methods." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018mst/2018/mst_2018_1271_1290.

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Li, W., Y. Ren, J. Wang, and L. Zhang. "Evolution of Inclusions in Solid Steel during Reheating Process." In MS&T19. TMS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2019mst/2019/mst_2019_1440_1445.

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Li, W., Y. Ren, J. Wang, and L. Zhang. "Evolution of Inclusions in Solid Steel during Reheating Process." In MS&T19. TMS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2019/mst_2019_1440_1445.

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Zhang, X., X. Luo, L. Zhang, F. Chai, and C. Yang. "Detection of Inclusions in Steel by Electrochemical Corrosion Methods." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018/mst_2018_1271_1290.

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Hu, Ping, Joseph A. Turner, Constantine Tarawneh, Brent Wilson, and Allen J. Fuller. "Multiple Frequency Ultrasonic Detection of Subsurface Near-Race Inclusions for Improved Fatigue Life Performance." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5785.

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The importance of steel cleanliness for the performance of tapered roller bearings has been clearly established and has led to on-going improvements in steel production methods. The presence of non-metallic impurities within the steel can result in hard/brittle inclusions that may serve as initiation sites for damage due to sub-surface rolling contact fatigue (RCF) if the inclusions lie within the near-race of the bearing components due to the high mechanical stress present. Current inspection standards define steel cleanliness with respect to bulk inclusion morphology, which limits inspection
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Li, Yan-hua, Hai-tao Wang, Ling-kang Ji, Qiang Chi, and Hong-yuan Chen. "Evaluation Method of Large Inclusions in High-Grade Pipeline Steel." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11588.

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Good internal quality of steel pipes is a basic guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of pipeline system. While presence of large inclusions has adverse effect on the mechanical properties, weldability and corrosion resistance of the steel pipes, and then it would bring huge risk to the safe operation of oil and gas transmission pipeline. In order to reduce the risk to a minimum extent, it is quite necessary to analysis and study the characteristics of large inclusions in high grade pipeline steel, and then it would provide evidence for the formulation of level-determination standard
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Reports on the topic "Steel – Inclusions"

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Dr Alan Cramb, Sridar. Inclusion Optimization for Next Generation Steel Products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878645.

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Babu, S. S., S. A. David, and T. DebRoy. Inclusion formation in low-alloy steel welds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/290931.

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R. C. Bradt and M.A.R. Sharif. Enhanced Inclusion Removal from Steel in the Tundish. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993814.

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Hicho, George E. Crack arrest fracture toughness measurements of normalized and inclusion shape controlled AAR TC128 grade B steel, and micro-alloyed, control-rolled, and inclusion shape controlled A 8XX grade B steel. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4501.

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Stokes, Rebecca S., Daniel D. Loy, and Stephanie L. Hansen. Effects of Increased Inclusion of Algae Meal on Finishing Steer Performance and Carcass Characteristics. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-422.

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Messner, Mark C., Sam Sham, and Yanli Wang. FY17 Status Report on Testing Supporting the Inclusion of Grade 91 Steel as an Acceptable Material for Application of the EPP Methodology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1394364.

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Hariharan, Vasudevan, and Carl, D. Lundin. Final Report, Volume 5, Data Package for ASTM A923 Supporting Inclusion of A890-5A Super Duplex Stainless Steel ( Cast Equivalent of 2507). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861371.

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Hariharan, Vasudevan, and Carl, W. Lundin. Final Report, Volume 5, Data Package for ASTM A923 Supporting Inclusion of A890-5 Super Duplex Stainless Steel (Cast Equivalent of 2507). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861934.

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Asaoka, Junya, Takahiro Shinoda, Katsumi Mori, Takashi Kano, and Kenichiro Kimura. Development of New Alloy Steel and Its Application for Both High Fatigue Strength and High Machinability by Utilizing New Inclusion Morphology Control Technology. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0094.

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Lundy, Erika L., Beth E. Doran, Evan Vermeer, Daniel D. Loy, and Stephanie L. Hansen. Influence of Corn Particle Size on Steer Performance and Carcass Characteristics When Fed Diets with Moderate Inclusions of Wet Distillers Grains plus Solubles. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1281.

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