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Journal articles on the topic 'Steel – Metallography'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Anisovich, A. G. "Measurement of Steel Structure Elements in the Specialized Module of the IMAGE-SP Image Processing Software." Devices and Methods of Measurements 11, no. 4 (2020): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-4-279-288.

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Grain size is one of the most important characteristics of the microstructure of metals and alloys. Determination of the grain size of steel is regulated by Standart 5639-82 "Steels and alloys. Methods for detection and determination of the grain size". Standart includes determining the grain score by comparison with reference scales, as well as manual measurement methods. The use of image processing software opens up new opportunities for the materials analysis, including for the quantitative metallographic analysis of steels and alloys. The purpose of this work was to test the specialized "M

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2

Capdevila, Carlos, Tommy De Cock, Carlos García-Mateo, Francisca García Caballero, and Carlos García de Andrés. "Influence of Second Phase Particles on Recrystallisation of Cold-Rolled Low Carbon Microalloyed Steels during Isothermal Annealing." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 803–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.803.

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The recrystallisation behaviour of two cold-rolled low carbon microalloyed steels with different Ti content was investigated by thermoelectric power (TEP) measurements and metallography. It was shown that recrystallisation was more sluggish in the higher Ti grade steel as compare with traditional ELC and LC steels. The existence of Ti in solid solution together with the pinning effect of Nb-, V- and Ti-rich particles are likely to be responsible for such behaviour. Metallographic etching with picral revealed that cementite act as preferential nucleation site for recrystallisation.

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3

Liu, Shi Zhong. "Metallography of HSLA Steel Weldments." Key Engineering Materials 69-70 (January 1992): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.69-70.1.

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4

Kuboň, Zdeněk, Lenka Pekařová, Jana Kosňovská, and Pavel Poštulka. "Comparative Analysis of Creep Cavitation Damage in 0.5Cr-0.5Mo-0.3V Steel after Long-Term Creep Exposure by Metallography and Replica Testing." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.335.

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Complex metallographic analysis was performed on the steam pipe elbow made of 0.5Cr-0.5Mo-0.3V steel after long-term (more than 240 000 hours) of operation at elevated temperature that revealed the extensive creep damage on the outer surface of the pipe elbow. Metallographic analysis confirmed pronounced creep damage at the outer surface but, at the same time, the non-uniform nature of the cavitation. The density of cavities continuously decreased from outer to inner pipe surface in the most damaged area and rapidly waned along the circumference as well as the length of the elbow. Parallel eva

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5

Vurobi, Selauco, Thiago Ferreira de Andrade, and Osvaldo Mitsuyuki Cintho. "Utilization of Color Metallography in Characterization of a Modified SAE 4118H Steel Submitted to Isothermal Treatments." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.242.

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A modified SAE 4118H steel was subjected to isothermal treatments between 700 °C and 400 oC every 50 °C range, with the intention of evaluating the decomposition of austenite at constant temperature. It was varied time of stay in the isothermal treatment between 15 and 28800 seconds depending on the treatment temperature. After each isothermal treatment and standard metallographic preparation, the samples were etched with color metallography reagents for revealing the microstructure obtained. At temperatures of 700oC to 550°C the steel showed microstructure composed of ferrite and pearlite. Be

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6

Kasl, Josef, and Dagmar Jandová. "Metallography of CB2 Steel Used for Cast Turbine Components." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.179.

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Steel CB2 developed in frame of the COST actions belongs to the most promising steel for production of cast turbine components working at ultra-supercritical steam conditions. VZÚ Plzeň has participated on assessment of original trial melt CB2 as well as on testing of samples coming from one of pilot valves produced of steel CB2 in full scale. Recently VZÚ Plzeň has cooperated with Doosan Škoda Power in development of weld processes of advanced power energy steels including steel CB2. This contribution deals with a comparison of properties of the steel CB2 produced by four various steelma

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Lopez, Juan Manuel Salgado, María Inés Alvarado, Hector Vergara Hernandez, José Trinidad Perez Quiroz, and Luis Olmos. "Failure of Stainless Steel Welds Due to Microstructural Damage Prevented by In Situ Metallography." Soldagem & Inspeção 21, no. 2 (2016): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-9224/si2102.03.

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Abstract In stainless steels, microstructural damage is caused by precipitation of chromium carbides or sigma phase. These microconstituents are detrimental in stainless steel welds because they lead to weld decay. Nevertheless, they are prone to appear in the heat affected zone (HAZ) microstructure of stainless steel welds. This is particularly important for repairs of industrial components made of austenitic stainless steel. Non-destructive metallography can be applied in welding repairs of AISI 304 stainless steel components where it is difficult to ensure that no detrimental phase is prese

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8

Amend, B., M. Gould, P. Veloo, O. Oneal, R. Gonzalez, and N. Switzner. "In Situ Metallography Applications in the Pipeline Industry." Materials Evaluation 79, no. 8 (2021): 790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2021.me-04240.

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The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines metallography as “a study of the structure of metals, especially with the microscope.” The structure of a steel visible at high magnification can reveal information about how the steel was formed or heat-treated, the general “quality” of the steel, whether any observed discontinuities originated during manufacturing or while the component was in service, and the extent to which properties may be consistent across the wall thickness. Microstructural features such as grain size, the amount and distribution of inclusions, and the types and amounts of differe

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9

Kučerová, Ludmila, and Ivana Zetková. "Metallography of 3D Printed 1.2709 Tool Steel." Manufacturing Technology 16, no. 1 (2016): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/mt/16/1/140.

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10

Daizhong, Li, Gao Shuqin, Zhang Liefu, Wang Zeyu, and Dong Xinquen. "Metallography of telluride on free cutting steel." Steel Research 56, no. 10 (1985): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.198500683.

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11

Lee, Jen-Chun, Hsiao-Hung Hsu, Shang-Chi Liu, Chung-Hsien Chen, and Huang-Chu Huang. "Fast Image Classification for Grain Size Determination." Metals 11, no. 10 (2021): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11101547.

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With the increasing application of steel materials, the metallographic analysis of steel has gained importance. At present, grain size analysis remains the task of experts who must manually evaluate photos of the structure. Given the software currently available for this task, it is impossible to effectively determine the grain size because of the limitations of traditional algorithms. Artificial intelligence is now being applied in many fields. This paper uses the concept of deep learning to propose a fast image classifier (FIC) to classify grain size. We establish a classification model base

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12

Dias, Erica, Laís Horimoto, and Marcelo dos Santos Pereira. "Microstructural Characterization of CP Steel Used in Automotive Industry." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.141.

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This study aims to characterize the microstructure of the complex phase steel (CP). Using the conventional and colored metallographic analysis with 3% Nital etchant, sodium metabisulfite 10% and LePera. Techniques were applied in this work of optical microscopy, using, besides the lighting in bright field, dark field illumination of the reverse contrast in bright field illumination, the method of polarized light, which generates colorful contrast, providing a complementary identification phases present in the microstructure, and the system by differential interference contrast (DIC). The resul

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13

Letofsky, E., and H. Cerjak. "Metallography of 9Cr steel power plant weld microstructures." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 9, no. 1 (2004): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136217104225017116.

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14

Ögel, Bilgehan, and Erdoĝan Tekin. "An EM study of carbides in double austenitized AISI M2 high-speed steel." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 908–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100177672.

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Multiple austenitization is not a conventional heat treatment process in tool steel industry and has only recently attracted some attention. Several workers who studied multiple austenitized high speed steels reported a fine carbide precipitation in the matrix of double austenitized specimens. However, the metallography of this precipitation is not well documented and needs further investigation. In this study, the microstructure of AISI M2 high speed steel and the effect of double austenitization on carbide distribution is investigated using SEM.The heat treated specimens were prepared by con

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15

Chen, Naichao, Yingchao Chen, Jun Ai, et al. "Automatic Detection of Pearlite Spheroidization Grade of Steel Using Optical Metallography." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, no. 1 (2016): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615015706.

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AbstractTo eliminate the effect of subjective factors during manually determining the pearlite spheroidization grade of steel by analysis of optical metallography images, a novel method combining image mining and artificial neural networks (ANN) is proposed. The four co-occurrence matrices of angular second moment, contrast, correlation, and entropy are adopted to objectively characterize the images. ANN is employed to establish a mathematical model between the four co-occurrence matrices and the corresponding spheroidization grade. Three materials used in coal-fired power plants (ASTM A315-B

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16

Rosado-Carrasco, Juliana G., Walter F. González-Zapatero, Christian J. García, César M. Gómora, David Jaramillo, and Ricardo R. Ambriz. "Analysis of the Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of DP980 Steel Gas Metal Arc Welded Joints." Metals 12, no. 3 (2022): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12030419.

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Dual phase (DP) steels have high strength, while maintaining outstanding elongation capacities. This is possible using a well-controlled thermomechanical process that produces a perfect phase combination in the DP microstructures. However, automotive makers are required to weld the DP steels, which generates a soft zone in the microstructure. In this work, 1.6 mm-thick DP980 steel sheets were welded by gas metal arc welding process to analyze the response of the welded soft zone to cyclic loading conditions. Conducted macrographic and metallography analyses revealed good quality in the appeara

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17

Manwatkar, Sushant K., M. Swathi Kiranmayee, Abhay Kumar Jha, P. Ramesh Narayanan, K. Sreekumar, and Parameshwar Prasad Sinha. "Non Destructive Metallographic Technique Used in Indian Space Programme." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.575.

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Metallography technique is used as an important tool in designing and development of materials. The technique is destructive and hence has its own limitations. Non destructive metallography emerged as a solution for its limitations. The microstructure of the component in the field/service can be replicated and observed under microscope. In the recent past, this technique has drawn the attention of quality control personals due to its non destructive nature. This paper explains the use of nondestructive metallography technique for Ti-6Al-4V alloy domes and low carbon steel static test bed expos

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18

Krechkovska, Halyna, Oleksandra Student, Grzegorz Lesiuk, and José Correia. "Features of the microstructural and mechanical degradation of long term operated mild steel." International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, no. 3 (2018): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-10-2017-0056.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the technical state of old and repair steels of Shukhov’s tower elements after operation during ~ 110 and 70 years of the water tower in Nikolaev, basing on their mechanical tests, metallography and fractography investigations. Design/methodology/approach For their certification, the fractographic and structural features and mechanical properties (hardness, strength, plasticity and impact toughness) were analyzed. Both the steels under consideration were characterized by low values of hardness and brittle fracture resistance. The mechanical charac

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19

Shakirov, Ivan V., Pavel A. Kuznetsov, Anton Z. Zhukov, Vitaliy V. Bobyr, Sergey P. Bogdanov, and Nikolay A. Khristiuk. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Structure of Austenitic Steels Fabricated by Laser Synthesis." Key Engineering Materials 910 (February 15, 2022): 1127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-a75340.

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In this work, the evolution of the microstructure, phase composition and crystal structure of 3D products before and after heat treatment, obtained from the original steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti by various metallurgical methods of melting, was studied. The obtained 3D steel samples were subjected to heat treatment, then structural changes were investigated by metallography, X-ray phase (XRD) and X-ray structure (XRD) analyzes. The analysis showed that heat treatment did not increase the grain size of austenite in additive steels, but could lead to an increase in the proportion of ferrite.

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20

Daizhong, Li, Gao Shugin, and Zhang Liefu. "Metallography and properties of cerium-iron intermetallics in steel." Steel Research 56, no. 4 (1985): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.198500624.

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21

Yuryev, Alexey, Nikolay Kozyrev, Roman Shevchenko, Alexey Mikhno, and Olga Gutak. "Phase transformations occurring during the formation of a welded joint from rail steel." E3S Web of Conferences 330 (2021): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133002007.

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The results of dilatometry, metallography and hardness testing of the decomposition process of supercooled austenite of R350LHT steel are presented. During continuous cooling and in isothermal conditions, continuous cooling transformation diagrams of supercooled austenite decomposition of steel R350LHT are constructed.

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22

Mahoney, Murray, Sam Sanderson, Peter Maak, Russell Steel, Jon Babb, and Dale Fleck. "Friction Stir Welding of Carbon Steel for Application in Used Fuel Containers." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1753.

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Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is being investigated as a method to fabricate a partial penetration closure weld of the steel vessel of a copper-coated used fuel container. The hemi-head is made of A516 Grade 70 steel and the cylinder body is made of A106 Grade C steel. In this initial feasibility study, the objective is to use FSW to demonstrate the merits of FSW using flat steel plate in concert with a closure weld joint designed specifically for a cylindrical container. To complete this objective, there are two initial feasibility demonstrations. First, demonstrate the capability of FSW to cre

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23

Gazder, Azdiar A., Vladimir Bata, Sujoy S. Hazra, and Elena V. Pereloma. "Recrystallisation Behaviour of Low Carbon Steel with and without Addition of Chromium." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.679.

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The effects of 0.74wt% Cr addition on the recrystallisation kinetics of low carbon (LC) steel was investigated using Vickers hardness testing, optical metallography and Electron Back-Scattering Diffraction (EBSD). Compared to the unalloyed steel, Cr addition significantly delays the time for recrystallisation and increases the JMAK pre-exponential factor (k) by an order of magnitude. During initial softening, EBSD returned similar orientations for nucleated and growing grain fractions in both steels. However with longer annealing times the micro-texture of recrystallised grains differs from th

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24

Wołczyński, W., P. Kwapisiński, B. Kania, W. Wajda, W. Skuza, and A. W. Bydałek. "Numerical Model for Solidification Zones Selection in the Large Ingots." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 4 (2015): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0085.

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Abstract A vertical cut at the mid-depth of the 15-ton forging steel ingot has been performed by curtesy of the CELSA - Huta Ostrowiec plant. Some metallographic studies were able to reveal not only the chilled undersized grains under the ingot surface but columnar grains and large equiaxed grains as well. Additionally, the structural zone within which the competition between columnar and equiaxed structure formation was confirmed by metallography study, was also revealed. Therefore, it seemed justified to reproduce some of the observed structural zones by means of numerical calculation of the

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25

Zhang, Hong Xia, Wu Yi Chen, Xiu Zhuo Fu, and Li Xia Huang. "Temperature Measurement and Burn Mechanism of Stainless Steel 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV in Grinding." Materials Science Forum 723 (June 2012): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.723.433.

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An experimental study was carried out to investigate the temperature measurement method and burn mechanism in the surface grinding of a stainless steel 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV with SG abrasive wheels. The temperature response at the wheel-workpiece interface was measured using a pair of thermocouple composed of the workpiece material and a single enameled constantan wire which was implanted in the workpiece. Changes in the ground surface morphology and metallography of the specimens in different grinding conditions were analyzed. Plastically deformed coating layers and micro-cracks were observed on grou

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26

Bednarek, Zoja, and Renata Kamocka. "THE HEATING RATE IMPACT ON PARAMETERS CHARACTERISTIC OF STEEL BEHAVIOUR UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 4 (2006): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2006.9636403.

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The behaviour of steel structure components within a high temperature field depends not only on the absolute temperature, but also on the temperature vs time function and on the heating rate, dT/dτ. The research objective is the determination of the heating rate impact on selected strength parameters of structural steels. Tests were performed under conditions of a linear temperature increase with different heating rates and with a constant stress value, σ/fy . After strength tests, the samples were subjected to metallography. Test results proved that the heating rate makes a significant impact

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27

Thillairajan, K., V. Balusamy, and V. Ramaswamy. "An Investigation on the Development of Hard and Strong Bainitic Steels by very Short Heat Treatments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1240.

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An attempt has been made in this research work to develop strong and tough bainitic steels in shorter transformation durations of less than three hours leading to ease of production for steel industries making these steels. High carbon medium alloy steel with high amounts of silicon, cobalt and aluminum was taken up for this study. The steel samples were austempered at 473, 523, 573, and 623K for 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes and then characterized by optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction investigations. Microstr

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28

Kalácska, Eszter, Kornél Májlinger, Enikő Réka Fábián, and Pasquale Russo Spena. "MIG-Welding of Dissimilar Advanced High Strength Steel Sheets." Materials Science Forum 885 (February 2017): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.885.80.

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The need for steel materials with increasing strength is constantly growing. The main application of such advanced high strength steels (AHSS) is the automobile industry, therefore the welding process of different types of AHSSs in dissimilar welding joint was investigated. To simulate the mass production of thin steel sheet constructions (such as car bodies) automated metal inert gas (MIG) welding process was used to weld the TWIP (twinning induced plasticity) and TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steel sheets together. The welding parameters were successfully optimized for butt welded

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29

Wang, W. F. "Oxygen Content and Metallography of Atomized 304L Stainless Steel Powder." Powder Metallurgy 37, no. 1 (1994): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pom.1994.37.1.33.

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30

Bannikov, A. I., N. A. Dyatlov, I. L. Permyakov, and A. S. Antonov. "Chip metallography in disk-saw cutting of hot-rolled steel." Russian Engineering Research 34, no. 11 (2014): 716–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x14110057.

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Badji, R., B. Belkessa, H. Maza, M. Bouabdallah, Brigitte Bacroix, and C. Kahloun. "Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Welded 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.217.

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Duplex stainless steels 2205 are widely used in constructional and petrochemical applications because of their good mechanical and corrosion properties. The objective of this work was to study the influence of aging at high temperature on the austenite and d ferrite equilibrium. After welding by TIG process, duplex stainless steel was aged in the range of 800 – 1150 °C temperatures for 60 min. The microstructure was characterized by metallography and X-ray methods. The toughness of welded structure was also measured.

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32

Yan, Huadong, Hui Jin, and Ruigen Yao. "Prediction of the damage and fracture of cast steel containing pores." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 29, no. 1 (2019): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789519872000.

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For spatial design freedom, steel castings are widely used in bridges, airport terminals, and offshore platforms. However, different from hot-rolling technology, casting process variables, such as the casting temperature and those related to graphite spheroidization and post-heat treatment, may cause casting defects. To improve the safety and effectiveness of steel castings, a study consisting of experiments and numerical calculations is performed to investigate the effect of pores on the damage and fracture of cast steel. The chemical composition, metallography, and tomographic imaging of cas

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33

Zhao, X. R., Dun Wen Zuo, H. Cheng, Q. T. Li, S. Dai, and S. S. Feng. "Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladding Co-Based Alloy Layer." Advanced Materials Research 764 (September 2013): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.764.47.

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The Co-base alloy laser cladding layer was coated on the 2738 mold steel surface by using the TJ-HL-5000 transverse-flow CO2 continuous laser. The morphology and hardness were investigated by metallography microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microhardness tester. The metallography microscope and SEM investigations show that from interface to surface along the cross section direction, the cladding layers consist of plane crystal layer, columnar crystal layer, dendrites layer and surface cellular crystal layer, respectively. XRD results indicate that the c

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Thackray, Richard, Eric J. Palmiere, and Omar Khalid. "Novel Etching Technique for Delineation of Prior-Austenite Grain Boundaries in Low, Medium and High Carbon Steels." Materials 13, no. 15 (2020): 3296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153296.

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The etching of prior austenite grain boundaries in martensite for detailed quantitative metallography of low to high carbon steel has been carried out using aqueous solutions of picric acid containing different wetting agents. The choice of wetting agent was shown to be dependent on the carbon content of the steel, with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) being more suitable for use with low and medium carbon steels, whereas sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) was shown to be more appropriate for high carbon steels. It is also recommended that, for a particular steel, a variety of temper treatment

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35

Dudek, A., B. Lisiecka, and R. Ulewicz. "The effect of alloying method on the structure and properties of sintered stainless steel." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 1 (2017): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0042.

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AbstractSintered duplex stainless steels (SDSSs) appear to be very interesting and promising materials that can be used in many industrial sectors. Ferrite improves material strength while austenite increases hardness and corrosion resistance. This study proposes a method to improve functional properties (e.g. hardness and wear resistance) by means of alloying the surface of the sintered duplex steel with Cr3C2+ 10% NiAl powder. The results of optical microscope metallography, SEM/EDX, XRD analysis and microhardness and wear resistance measurements are also presented. The surface alloying with

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Hasbi, Muhammad Yunan, M. R. Wida'atullah, Fatayalkadri Citrawati, Septian Adi Chandra, and L. Suhaemi. "IDENTIFICATION OF BAINITE IN A MULTI-PHASE MICROSTRUCTURE OF AN AUSTEMPERED STEEL ALLOY: A METALLOGRAPHY APPROACH." Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 23, no. 1 (2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2021.23.1.6401.

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IDENTIFICATION OF BAINITE IN A MULTI-PHASE MICROSTRUCTURE OF AN AUSTEMPERED STEEL ALLOY: A METALLOGRAPHY APPROACH. Structural characterization of a multi-phase steel has become an exciting issue in various studies to date. This relates to the difficulty in distinguishing phases with similar morphology, i.e. bainite and martensite, through chemical etching. This study discusses a method to observe bainite phase through a metallographic approach on FeNi steel using color etching. Variations in the use of etching in this research include 2% nital, 4% picral, and 15% sodium metabisulphite (SMB). F

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Shui, Heng Yong, Di Tang, and Qiang Liu. "Study on Transformation Behavior of Retained Austenite in TRIP Steel." Advanced Materials Research 788 (September 2013): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.100.

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The microstructures of CR600TR steel were characterized using optical metallography, SEM, TEM and EBSD techniques, especially the transformation behavior of retained austenite and fracture mechanism of TRIP steel under stress-strain were studied in detail. It is discovered that there is marked selectivity for those retained austenite grains in their transition sequences: they are even dependent on the extension paths of stress-strain in steel and that curvatures of grain-boundaries which the retained austenite grains lie in.

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Zhang, Fu Cheng, Bo Han, Bo Lv, and Tian Sheng Wang. "Colored Metallography Study of Bainite Steel Used for High Speed Railway Crossing." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.142.

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Using the technique of colored metallography, the phase compositions of two medium-/low-carbon low-alloy carbide-free bainite steel used for railway crossings are obtained. The etching of the samples was carried out using the Lepera reagent and a mixed reagent of hyposulphite and picric acid respectively. The proportion of the bainite phase was calculated using an image processing system with an optical microscope and the residual austenite content was measured using XRD method. The martensite phase content can then be determined. It is found that the reagents can effectively and quantifiably

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Zhang, Yong Jun, Jing Tao Han, and Hui Feng Wang. "Graphitization Kinetic of Hypoeutectoid Graphitized Free Cutting Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.508.

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Development of low-sulfur and Pb-free hypoeutectoid graphitized free cutting steel is significant because the use of S or Pb free-cutting steel can result in serious pollution. Due to graphitization process in hypoeutectoid steel is very slowly, so it is crucial to accelerate the graphitization process. The tested steel is prepared based on that graphitization can be accelerated by increasing nuclei of graphite. On the base of indirect observation on graphite particles in the sample by OM and quantitative metallography for different graphitization times, the kinetic curve was drawn the graphit

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Bigg, Timothy D., and David Edmonds. "Microstructural Evolution during the Novel Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) Heat Treatment of Steel." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.33.

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The novel non-equilibrium heat treatment procedure known as Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) may offer the prospect of higher strength steel products with enhanced formability based upon martensitic microstructures containing controlled quantities of carbon-enriched retained austenite. The Q&P process requires an interrupted quench and isothermal annealing (partitioning) step at intermediate temperatures, whereby untransformed austenite can be thermodynamically stabilised by carbon migration from supersaturated martensite regions. The concept is comparable to that producing carbide-fre

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Melo, Tulio M. F., Érica Ribeiro, Lorena Dutra, and Dagoberto Brandão Santos. "Low C High Mn Cold Rolled TWIP Steel: Kinetics of Isothermal Recrystallization." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2181.

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The increasing demand, mainly from the automobile industry, for materials which combine high strength, high ductility and low specific weight makes steels with the TWIP (TWinning Induced Plasticity) effect a promising material to meet these requirements. This work aimed to study the kinetics of isothermal recrystallization of a TWIP steel (C-0.06%, Mn-25%, Al-3%, Si-2%, and Ni-1%) after cold rolling. The steel was hot and cold-rolled and then annealed at 700°C with soaking times ranging from 10 to 7200 s. Microstructural analysis was performed using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy

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Jazaeri, Hedieh, P. Bouchard, Michael Hutchings, Mike Spindler, Abdullah Mamun, and Richard Heenan. "An Investigation into Creep Cavity Development in 316H Stainless Steel." Metals 9, no. 3 (2019): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9030318.

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Creep-induced cavitation is an important failure mechanism in steel components operating at high temperature. Robust techniques are required to observe and quantify creep cavitation. In this paper, the use of two complementary analysis techniques: small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and quantitative metallography, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), is reported. The development of creep cavities that is accumulated under uniaxial load has been studied as a function of creep strain and life fraction, by carrying out interrupted tests on two sets of creep test specimens that are prepare

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Tosapolporn, Pornpibunsompop. "Characterization of Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Precipitation during Elevated Temperature." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.288.

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The precipitation characterization of SUS 310S weld metal was investigated by TG/DSC and metallography technique. SMAW was selected for this study and then cut with water jet avoiding thermal effect. Austenitic is the main microstructure of weld metal because of high Creqv./Nieqv. Precipitation launched higher both %mass change and heat consumed as well as the precipitation temperature was around 800 degree Celsius.

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Nogueira Ottoboni Dias, Alexandre, Márcia Regina Baldissera, Eduardo Carvalho Rossi, et al. "Microstructural Characterization and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Steel with Different Biphasic Microstructures Obtained from LNE 500 Steel." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.227.

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In this work was carried out the microstructural characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties of steel with different microstructures. The intercritical region and the existing phases in function of temperature were determined using the THERMOCALC software. The samples of steel were quenched at different temperatures to obtain differents microstructures consisting of ferrite, pearlite and martensite. The microstructural characterization of the samples was performed by qualitative and quantitative metallography. The determination of volume was performed with the "Image J" software.

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Sabokrouh, M., SH Hashemi, and MR Farahani. "Experimental study of the weld microstructure properties in assembling of natural gas transmission pipelines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 6 (2015): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415579581.

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The coexistence of high levels of strength and toughness is necessary for the microalloyed steels used in natural gas pipelines. The welding thermal cycle can significantly change the microstructures and therefore the mechanical properties of the girth welded pipelines. Thus, the experimental investigation on the welded material properties is required for assessing the structural integrity of the pipelines. In this article, the metallurgical characteristics of the multi-pass girth welds on API X70 steel pipes with 56 in outside diameter and 0.780 in wall thickness were determined for the first

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Mészáros, István. "Thermal Induced Phase Transformations in Duplex Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 729 (November 2012): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.729.109.

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The aim of this work is to study the microstructural changes in 2507 type superduplex stainless steel due to heat treatments. Two series of specimens were studied. The first series were heat treated isothermally at 800 °C for different times up to 42 minutes. The second ones were heat treated isochronically for 20 minutes in the temperature range of 720-900 °C. The microstuctural changes were investigated by metallography and by magnetic tests. The first magnetization curves and the saturation magnetization loops were measured by a double yoke DC magnetometer.

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Drahokoupil, Jan, Petr Haušild, Vadim Davydov, and P. Pilvin. "Phase Transformation in Austenitic Steel Induced by Plastic Deformation." Solid State Phenomena 163 (June 2010): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.163.295.

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Kinetics of deformation induced martensitic transformation in metastable austenitic AISI 301 steel was characterized by several techniques including classical light metallography, X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and electron back scattered diffraction. In order to characterize the martensitic transformation, several specimens were tensile pre-deformed to 5%, 10% and 20% of plastic deformation and compared with non-deformed state. During straining, the volume fraction of α’-martensite rapidly prevails over the volume fraction of original austenite and reach the value circa 70%.

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Tudose, Aurelia Elena, Ioana Demetrescu, Florentina Golgovici, and Manuela Fulger. "Oxidation Behavior of an Austenitic Steel (Fe, Cr and Ni), the 310 H, in a Deaerated Supercritical Water Static System." Metals 11, no. 4 (2021): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040571.

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The aim of this work was to study the corrosion behavior of a Fe-Cr-Ni alloy (310 H stainless steel) in water at a supercritical temperature of 550 °C and a pressure of 250 atm for up to 2160 h. At supercritical temperature, water is a highly aggressive environment, and the corrosion of structural materials used in a supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactor (SCWR) is a critical problem. Selecting proper candidate materials is one key issue for the development of SCWRs. After exposure to deaerated supercritical water, the oxides formed on the 310 H SS surface were characterized using a gravim

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Pratama, Fikri Wahyu, Eddy Sumarno Siradj, and Okky Helja Octora Syahida Rahman. "Failure Analysis on Tube Arm Cylinder Hydraulic Excavator." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Kejuruan 5, no. 4 (2022): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jptk.v5i4.29423.

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The Failure on tube rod arm cylinder hydraulic excavator caused to lose production and processing time on mining site. Investigation included visual inspection, chemical analysis, metallography analyze, and microhardness test. Tube material used high silicon material type while the standard used ST52 carbon steel type. The tube was broken and crack to several pieces. The chemical composition of the tube has different in sulfur and silicon content. From hardness test with micro hardness method, sample tube broken has lower hardness compared to standard hardness. Metallography analysis obtained

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Kumar, Anish, B. Sasi, Govind K. Sharma, B. Purnachandra Rao, and T. Jayakumar. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.366.

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The paper presents advanced ultrasonic and eddy current NDE techniques developed in the authors laboratory for nondestructive evaluation of austenitic stainless steel welds. The paper discusses the performance and comparison of 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and de-noising methods applied on eddy current images obtained from stainless steel weld pad with machined longitudinal notches and a systematic approach for eddy current defect characterisation in weld pads by neural network. The simulation and experimental results on the effect of elastic anisotropy on ultrasonic phased array inspec

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