Journal articles: 'Steel strip'

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Jiao, Zhi Jie, Jian Ping Li, and Jie Sun. "A Pilot Rolling Mill Designed for High Strength Steels." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.210.

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High strength steels, such as austenitic stainless steel, Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel and silicon steel, have significant work hardening during cold rolling, which in turn induces a quickly increased rolling force. Tension plays a very important role in the reduction of the rolling force. However, coiler tension control system used in the classic experimental rolling mill requires long-scale strip, which cannot be satisfied for most experimental cases. To overcome this drawback, a new pilot rolling mill has been developed. The horizontally located hydraulic cylinders and clamps have been used to apply tension to the rolled short-scale strip. With this rolling mill, the austenitic stainless steel strip, TRIP steel strip and other high strength strips have been studied.

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YI, YU, ZEHUA ZHOU, ZEHUA WANG, SHAOQUN JIANG, and WEIDONG HUANG. "Si-STEEL THIN-STRIP PREPARED BY TWIN-ROLL CONTINUOUS CASTING." Surface Review and Letters 18, no. 03n04 (June 2011): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x11014515.

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The fabrication process of Si -steel thin-strip by twin-roll continuous casting was described and the quality of the obtained Si -steel thin-strip was measured. Si -steel strips with 0.5–6.5 wt.% Si content were successfully prepared, and proper parameters including pouring temperature, height of molten pool, casting speed and pouring head mode were optimized, and their mechanisms were discussed. The relationship between quality factors of Si -steel including cracks, strip thickness, impurity and process parameters such as Si content and so on were discussed. The morphologies of the strips with different Si content were studied.

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Daamen, Markus, Daniel Dávalos Julca, and Gerhard Hirt. "Tailored Strips by Welding, Strip Profile Rolling and Twin Roll Casting." Advanced Materials Research 907 (April 2014): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.907.29.

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Conventional strips can be converted into tailored strips by further processing such as rolling and welding. Tailored strips have a thickness or thickness distribution which is designed according to the expected loads. A new approach for the production of tailored strips is the twin roll casting of profiled strips. This technology combines the advantages of direct strip casting and the production of steel strip with an optimized cross section. In this paper the achievable process limits regarding the geometry of tailored strips with varying thickness in the cross section made by strip profile rolling, twin roll casting and welding are discussed and compared. Furthermore, experiments to demonstrate the suitability of twin roll casting to produce tailored strips made of AISI 304 stainless steel are treated. A selected tailored strip geometry of 150 x 1.5 mm2 (width x thickness) with a difference in strip thickness of 33% over the width was cast.

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Vidoni, Michele, Markus Daamen, and Gerhard Hirt. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of a Modified Twin Roll Strip Casting Process for the Production of Clad Steel Strips." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.689.

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A process for the production of clad steel strips by means of vertical twin-roll strip casting is under investigation at the Institute of Metal Forming (IBF). This production concept is based on the introduction of a solid strip in the casting pool in order to join it with the solidifying melt. The advantages of this concept are a shorter process chain and a higher energy efficiency compared to the existing cladding methods. The contact time and the thickness ratio between solid strip and solidifying melt, their relative position and the alloy combination are fundamental parameters to be considered in the design of this cladding process. A numerical model is used to predict the temperature increase in the solid strip and the solidification of the melt for the material combinations 1.4301/C75 and C75/Cu, and for two process configurations. Carbon steel and copper strips were introduced in the melting pool during casting experiments. Both carbon steel and copper strips could be clad without melting when positioned on the casting roll surface. This indicates that the surface temperature of the copper strip did not rise over 1084°C. Both the copper and the carbon steel strips show partial melting when introduced in a central position.

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Münster, Dennis, and Gerhard Hirt. "Copper Clad Steel Strips Produced by a Modified Twin-Roll Casting Process." Metals 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9111156.

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Twin-roll strip casting of steel provides a resource and energy efficient way to produce thin hot strips directly from the liquid phase. Clad metals offer less costly alternatives to monolithic alloys for a wide range of applications, but their various production routes are extensive, expensive, or slow. In order to exploit the strengths of twin-roll strip casting to provide a possibly more cost and energy efficient production route for clad thin strips, research into the expansion of twin-roll strip casting process is conducted. The aim of the current research is the combination of steel with copper. For this purpose, a prefabricated cladding strip of commercially pure copper is inserted into the twin-roll strip casting process. Bonding between the copper strip and the cast steel strip (DC01) is realized by exploiting the process heat. The bonding zone of the clad strip is subsequently analyzed under the optical microscope and in the electron micro probe analyzer. The imagery shows an irregular bonding interface with straight and locally altered regions alternating. These irregularities can be classified into four groups based on their morphology and suspected forming mechanism. Bond strength and formability of the clad strips is qualitatively examined in rolling and bending tests. Rolling was possible without delamination and a total height reduction of approx. 40% while defect-free bending of 2 mm and 3 mm thick specimens was possible up to a bending angle of 90° for a bending radius of 5 mm.

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Münster, Dennis, Michele Vidoni, and Gerhard Hirt. "Effects of Process Parameter Variation on the Bonding Strength in Clad Steel Strips by Twin-Roll Strip Casting." Materials Science Forum 854 (May 2016): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.854.124.

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Twin-roll strip casting represents a promising alternative production route for clad steel strips. The main idea behind the presented research is the introduction of a prefabricated strip into the melt pool of a twin-roll casting process to exploit the heat of the melt to create bonding between the cast strip and the prefabricated strip. Prior investigations proved the general feasibility of this concept for steel-steel combinations and described the bonding of the two layers. This concept is now further investigated with the aim to understand the influence of the process parameters on the bonding. For the experiments an austenitic high manganese steel is cladded with an austenitic stainless steel. Beginning from a starting point determined in numerical simulations, a process window for the introduction of a 0.3 mm thick strip of 1.4301 was identified by process parameter variation during casting experiments. Up to 25 m long clad strips with a thickness ratio between introduced strip and cast strip ranging from 1:6 to 1:10 were produced this way. Micrographic examinations of the clad strips’ cross sections were carried out to describe the influence of the casting parameters on the joining interface. Higher element diffusion was found in strips with bigger thickness ratios, indicating a stronger bonding of the two layers. Afterwards the observations from the micrographic examination were compared to the results of bonding strength which were obtained by a customised shear test. Supporting the findings of the micrographic examinations the average bonding strength rose from around 100 MPa for a ratio of 1:7 to over 300 MPa for the ratio of 1:10. Although the process parameters with the main influence on the bonding strength, the contact time and the thickness ratio, have been identified more research is needed to quantify their influence.

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Przondziono, Joanna, and Jan Szymszal. "Steel Strips Flattening in Ball Rolling Mill." Solid State Phenomena 165 (June 2010): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.165.153.

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An effective and efficient production method of narrow and thin strips made of steel, non-ferrous metals and their alloys is wire flattening in a ball rolling mill. In this device cylindrical rollers have been replaced with balls of diameter ca. 15 mm. Proper selection of deformation process parameters enables to obtain strips with the required geometrical characteristics. Experimental planning method was applied to evaluate the influence of flattening process technological parameters on strip geometrical features. Statistical analysis enabled to determine mathematical models of stainless steel 5XCrNi18-10 strips flattening. It was established that strip widening depends on ball roughness, draft applied, relation of wire diameter to ball diameter, back-tension stress. Strips flatness depends on draft applied. It was observed that strips feature uniform thickness over their width, parallel flat surfaces, narrow dimensional tolerance, high quality surface and naturally rounded edges.

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Ekhande, Shantaram G., and George Abdel-Sayed. "Application of compound finite strip method in soil–steel structures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 4 (August 1, 1989): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-072.

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The method of compound finite strip is applied for the three-dimensional analysis of corrugated soil–steel structures with and without curved stiffeners. Displacement functions are suggested for the analysis of soil–steel structures during and after backfilling. The eccentricity between the middle surfaces of stiffened elements and the adjacent shell elements is considered in the displacement functions so that the continuity of the shell is satisfied between the strips. The formulation presented herein incorporates the stiffness contribution of surrounding soil media directly in the strip element stiffness matrix. Examples of soil–steel structures are analyzed by the proposed method and the results are compared with experimental results. Key words: cylindrical shells, finite strip, soil–steel structures, stiffeners.

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Morimoto, Toshiharu, Y. Fuyuki, A. Yanagida, and Jun Yanagimoto. "Application of Recrystallization Texture Evolution Model to Predict Plastic Formability in Steel Strips." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1954–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1954.

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T.M.C.P.(Thermo Mechanical Control Processing) has been widely used to improveplastic formability in steel strips. We have produced interstitial free steel(IF steel) strips and ferriticstainless-steel strips through T.M.C.P. rolling method. Optimizing conditions of hot rolling, hotrolled annealing, cold rolling and cold rolled annealing, we developed texture prediction model. Wecan predict rolling texture accurately using the conventional Taylor model. Moreover, we preciselypredict recrystallization texture classifying the total number of microscopic􀀁 slips which arecalculated using the Taylor model. We consider that these calculated results provednucleation-oriented model and two types of recrystallization and grain growth mechanisms exit inour studies. One mechanism is that grains which had the small total number of microscopic slips arepreferred orientation for the hot rolled and annealed ferritic stainless-steel strip. The othermechanism is that grains which had the high total number of microscopic slips are preferredorientation for the cold rolled and annealed IF steel strip.

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Elsner, A., Radko Kaspar, Dirk Ponge, Dierk Raabe, and Sybrand van der Zwaag. "Recrystallisation Texture of Cold Rolled and Annealed IF Steel Produced from Ferritic Rolled Hot Strip." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.257.

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The ferritic rolling strategy allows for the production of two different hot strip grades, a "soft" and a "hard" hot strip. The "soft" hot strip is rolled in the upper ferrite region and a sufficiently high coiling temperature ensures direct recrystallisation in the coil. The "hard" hot strip is rolled at relatively lower temperatures in the ferrite temperature region and exhibits a strained microstructure with a desirable rolling texture. Furthermore, these ferritic rolled hot strips can be used as initial strip for subsequent cold rolling. The current investigation focuses on the development of the recrystallisation texture of cold rolled and annealed ferritic rolled hot strip for different cold reductions. For this purpose "soft" and "hard" hot strips were produced on a laboratory hot rolling mill. These strips were cold rolled with a total reduction of 40 to 80% to a final thickness of 0.5mm. Subsequently the strips were subjected to simulated continuous annealing, using a salt bath furnace. The macro texture of both types of specimens was measured and correlated to the mechanical properties, including the Lankford values. A very different development of the recrystallisation texture and hence mechanical properties has been observed. However, both grades yielded improved deep-drawing properties.

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Xiong, Zhiping, Andrii G. Kostryzhev, Yanjun Zhao, and Elena V. Pereloma. "Microstructure Evolution during the Production of Dual Phase and Transformation Induced Plasticity Steels Using Modified Strip Casting Simulated in The Laboratory." Metals 9, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040449.

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Instead of conventional steel making and continuous casting followed by hot and cold rolling, strip casting technology modified with the addition of a continuous annealing stage (namely, modified strip casting) is a promising short-route for producing ferrite-martensite dual-phase (DP) and multi-phase transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels. However, at present, the multi-phase steels are not manufactured by the modified strip casting, due to insufficient knowledge about phase transformations occurring during in-line heat treatment. This study analysed the phase transformations, particularly the formation of ferrite, bainite and martensite and the retention of austenite, in one 0.17C-1.52Si-1.61Mn-0.195Cr (wt. %) steel subjected to the modified strip casting simulated in the laboratory. Through the adjustment of temperature and holding time, the characteristic microstructures for DP and TRIP steels have been obtained. The DP steel showed comparable tensile properties with industrial DP 590 and the TRIP steel had a lower strength but a higher ductility than those industrially produced TRIP steels. The strength could be further enhanced by the application of deformation and/or the addition of alloying elements. This study indicates that the modified strip casting technology is a promising new route to produce steels with multi-phase microstructures in the future.

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Li, J., X. H. Guo, J. Luo, H. Y. Li, and Y. Q. Wang. "Analytical Study on Inherent Properties of a Unidirectional Vibrating Steel Strip Partially Immersed in Fluid." Shock and Vibration 20, no. 4 (2013): 793–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/827596.

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The theory of singuarity functions is introduced to present an analytical approach for the natural properties of a unidirectional vibrating steel strip with two opposite edges simply supported and other two free, partially submerged in fluid and under tension. The velocity potential and Bernoulli's equation are used to describe the fluid pressure acting on the steel strip. The effect of fluid on vibrations of the strip may be equivalent to added mass of the strip. The math formula of added mass can be obtained from kinematic boundary conditions of the strip-fluid interfaces. Singularity functions are adopted to solve problems of the strip with discontinuous characteristics. By applying Laplace transforms, analytical solutions for inherent properties of the vibrating steel strip in contact with fluid are finally acquired. An example is given to illustrate that the proposed method matches the numerical solution using the finite element method (FEM) very closely. The results show that fluid has strong effect on natural frequencies and mode shapes of vibrating steel strips partially dipped into a liquid. The influences such as tension, the submergence depth, the position of strip in the container and the dimension of the container on the dynamic behavior of the strip are also investigated. Moreover, the presented method can also be used to study vertical or angled plates with discontinuous characteristics as well as different types of pressure fields around.

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Hu, Wen Li, Yuan Xiang Zhang, Guo Yuan, and Guo Dong Wang. "Crack Formation Mechanism of High Silicon Steel during Twin-Roll Strip Casting." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1276.

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High silicon steel was fabricated by twin-roll strip casting. The cracks on the surfaces of the processed strips were obtained and analyzed by digital camera after series of surface treatment. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe and characterize the microstructure nearby crack and fracture surface along the normal direction, respectively, and the crack formation mechanism was further analyzed in conjunction with processing parameters utilized during twin-roll strip casting process. The results indicated that morelongitudinal cracks along the rolling direction were observed in comparison with transverse cracks along the transverse direction on the strip surfaces. Trans granular and intergranular fracture modes both worked during the formations of longitudinal and transverse cracks on the processed strips. The dominant factor causing the formation of crack on the surface of the processed strips was the inhomogeneous transfer of heat during casting and rolling. The inhomogeneous transfer of heat induced by gas gap during casting resulted in variations of dendrite length and secondary dendrite spacing (SDAS). Meanwhile, the casting velocity influenced the formation of gas gap, which further influenced the thermal contraction. So the control of velocity of casting above a certain level proved beneficial to enhancing the performance of strip casting and to improving the quality of strip products.

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Ma, Xiaobao, Dongcheng Wang, Hongmin Liu, and Shuai Zhang. "Influence of profile indicators of hot-rolled strip on transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled silicon steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018044.

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In order to evaluate the transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strips according to the information of hot-rolled strips and scientifically guide the setting of the indicators of the hot-rolled silicon strip, the influence model about the relation of the transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip to the profile indicators of hot-rolled strip is established in this paper based on simulation results. The transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip predicted based on the influence model have strong correspondences to the measured data. Based on the influence model and the statistical analysis of the measured data, the control criterion of the profile indicators of hot-rolled silicon steel according to the requirements for the transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip are finally recommended. The simulation results show that the transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip is quadratic nonlinearly related to the wedge and crown of hot-rolled strip. The influence model and statistical data analysis indicate that reducing the edge-drop of hot-rolled strip is beneficial to restrain the transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip.

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Goryany, V., T. Khlyntseva, I. Mamuzic, and V. Radsinsky. "Influence of cooling intensity on the structure formation in stripe steel by thermomechanical treatment." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 40, no. 1 (2004): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0401075g.

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The results of research of microstructure of the strips from low carbon steel 45x6 and 30x8 mm in hot-rolling condition and after accelerated cooling of different intencity and schemes of the coolers movement in the cooling chambers are shown. The strengthening layer is spread unevenly along the perimeter of the rolled steel. The formation character of the structure and its spreading along the cross-section depends on intensity of cooling and the ratio of the width of the stripe to its thickness. Regimes, that provide the high level of steel?s strength with the smallest changing of the mechanical properties by the length of the rolled strip were defined.

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Feng, Xinglong, Xianwen Gao, and Ling Luo. "A ResNet50-Based Method for Classifying Surface Defects in Hot-Rolled Strip Steel." Mathematics 9, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9192359.

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Hot-rolled strip steel is widely used in automotive manufacturing, chemical and home appliance industries, and its surface quality has a great impact on the quality of the final product. In the manufacturing process of strip steel, due to the rolling process and many other reasons, the surface of hot rolled strip steel will inevitably produce slag, scratches and other surface defects. These defects not only affect the quality of the product, but may even lead to broken strips in the subsequent process, seriously affecting the continuation of production. Therefore, it is important to study the surface defects of strip steel and identify the types of defects in strip steel. In this paper, a scheme based on ResNet50 with the addition of FcaNet and Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is proposed for strip defect classification and validated on the X-SDD strip defect dataset. Our solution achieves a classification accuracy of 94.11%, higher than more than a dozen other compared deep learning models. Moreover, to adress the problem of low accuracy of the algorithm in classifying individual defects, we use ensemble learning to optimize. By integrating the original solution with VGG16 and SqueezeNet, the recognition rate of oxide scale of plate system defects improved by 21.05 percentage points, and the overall defect classification accuracy improved to 94.85%.

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Herian, Jerzy, and Krzystof Aniołek. "Production Methods of Thin, Narrow and Profiled Steel Strips." Solid State Phenomena 212 (December 2013): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.212.53.

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This paper is a synthetic presentation of the current state of knowledge on the fundamentals of cold production of thin and narrow steel strips. Such strips are semi-finished products used to manufacture final products which are widely used in a number of industries. The production devices are characterised and methods as well as technologies of their manufacture are discussed. For cases where wire is flattened to obtain strips with naturally rounded edges, the deformation phases with a uniform and non-uniform draft across the width of the strip have been identified. Changes in the widening coefficient and the rounding radius of the strip edge are described for these phases as a function of draft.

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Alterman, Dariusz, Juan Vilches, and Thomas Rainer Neitzert. "An Analysis of the Bonding Energy through Pull-Out Tests for Aerated Concrete with Various Steel Strip Geometries." Advanced Materials Research 275 (July 2011): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.275.55.

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The relationship between various steel strip geometries and the bonding energy through pull-out tests of aerated concrete specimens is investigated. Prismatic concrete samples containing embedded steel strips with and without holes of differing sizes and quantities were analysed. Improvements of the bonding energy through pull-out tests by 70% are possible by increasing the number of holes on a steel strip from one to four while maintaining a constant surface area. The energy increased even up to 130% for strips containing holes compared to strips without. In addition, the tests have been carried out with a novel easy to assemble set-up containing a freely adjustable ball-joint and a plate with embedded bolts to avoid eccentricity during pull-out tests.

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Leysen, Frans, Jan Penning, and Yvan Houbaert. "Study of the Development of Heterogeneous Grain Size in the Through-Thickness Direction of Hot Rolled ELC Steels." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4220.

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The present study aims to investigate the mechanism of the development of abnormal grain sizes in the through-thickness direction of hot rolled steel strips. For this purpose, industrially prepared steel strips were further hot rolled in a laboratory hot rolling mill, setting a variety of rolling parameters. As found, the deformation rate in the hot rolling practice exerts an important role in explaining the mechanism of abnormal grain growth, especially in the close vicinity of the strip surface. Furthermore, the influence of the cooling penetration depth, induced by the roll contact was examined closely, as this phenomenon might support abnormal grain growth mechanisms. Additional information was found in performing a texture analysis in the throughthickness direction of the steel strips, in accordance with the optical metallurgical survey of the microstructures. It will be shown that, the combination of particular hot rolling parameters provokes the occurrence of abnormal grain growth in the through-thickness direction of the ELC steel strips. These particular conditions were considered to be related to the finish hot rolling temperature and thus the roll cooling penetration depth imposed on the steel strip, the finishing reduction degree and especially the strain rate conditions. Moreover, the observed abnormal grain growth is sensitive to the coiling temperature applied. From the experiments, it can be concluded that the mechanism of the formation of a large grained ferrite band below the strip surface is strongly influenced by the development of a fine-grain ferrite layer at some distance below the strip surface. The existence of this layer of very small ferrite grains can be explained on the basis of texture analysis and calculations based on literature data. In this way, it was considered that dynamic recrystallisation of austenite at some depth below the steel strip surface is of most significance in supporting the development of abnormally large ferrite grains. In this paper, further considerations on the mechanism of the abnormal grain growth phenomenon will be dealt with.

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Lekhov, O. S., A. V. Mikhalev, and M. M. Shevelev. "Production of three-layer steel bimetallic strips in the unit of continuous casting and deformation. Report 1." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 8 (September 13, 2019): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-8-594-599.

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High technical and economic efficiency of the use of bimetals in chemical, oil, transport and energy engineering and other industries is described. The urgency of creating high-performance continuous processes for the production of bimetallic strips is substantiated. The authors have established the main technological tasks for development of the processes of obtaining bimetal of wide class. The paper describes resource-saving production technology of three-layer bimetals alloyed steel – constructional steel – alloyed steel at the unit of combined process of continuous casting and deformation. Possibilities of the proposed technology are outlined from the standpoint of improving the quality of bimetallic strips. The initial data are given to determine the temperature change over time of the main steel strip as it passes through the molten metal of the alloyed steel. The equations are given for non-stationary heat conduction, initial and boundary conditions for determining the temperature fields of main strip and cladding layer when obtaining a three-layer bimetallic strip on the unit of a combined process of continuous casting and deformation. The values of density, thermal conductivity and heat capacity for steel St3 were determined in a given temperature range. A procedure is described for calculating temperatures in the ANSYS package by solving a non-stationary heat conduction problem in a flat formulation by the finite element method. The authors have described the geometric model for calculating the temperature of strip and molten metal of the cladding layer. Values of the coefficient of heat transfer between the main strip and molten metal of the cladding layers of bimetallic strip are given adopted for calculation. Characteristic points are indicated in the model for calculating the temperatures of main strip and molten metal of the cladding layer. The graphs show temporal changes in these temperatures at production of a three-layer bimetallic strip on the unit of combined process of continuous casting and deformation. Calculated data on the time variation of temperature of main strip and molten metal of the cladding layer at characteristic points are given for different values of the contact heat transfer coefficient.

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Chen, Xiu Sheng, Qiang Wang, Dong Mei Cai, and Xian Ke Zhang. "Design Method of Strip Would Die for Metal Extrusion Process Based on Fatigue Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.441.

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In this paper, failure of die for metal extrusion process is discussed and failure types of the dies are presented firstly. A novel pre-stressed structure named after strip would die is brought forward, which is pre-pressed by thin high-strength steel strips and can provide a radial pre-stress on the external surface of die. The detailed structure of the strip would die is presented. The strip would die is designed according to the iso-strength theory, which means that the steel strip and the die body have the same fatigue lives. Based on the fatigue theory, Analytical model of the die body and the strip is established. Using numerical method and the analytical model, number of the strip layers, pre-stress and the winding tension are determined. Therefore, the design method of strip would die for metal extrusion process based on fatigue theory can be established.

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Ball, J., and A. Poos. "Galvanizing of steel strip." Revue de Métallurgie 99, no. 7-8 (July 2002): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2002196.

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Rusnák, Ján, Peter Malega, Jozef Svetlík, Vladimír Rudy, and Norbert Šmajda. "The Research of the Rolling Speed Influence on the Mechanism of Strip Breaks in the Steel Rolling Process." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 9, 2020): 3509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163509.

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This paper evaluates the results of research aimed at changing the rolling speed and the effect of foreign particles in the steel strip, as well as the forces in the rolling process. It also compares the correlation of lab results, theoretical expectations and real-life observations. It supplements the already existing practices aimed at strip-break elimination that were developed and implemented worldwide. Records from a five-stand tandem mill were used for the data analysis. The historical databases developed based on incidents (strip breaks) since 2013 were used; the detailed position of each strip break was documented, along with defects found at the portions of steel strips that broke or the information that no defect was found. The paper contains an evaluation of metallographic analyses of the samples of the strip breaks.

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Phelan, Dominic, T. Zuidwijk, L. Strezov, Jilt Sietsma, and Rian Dippenaar. "Experimental Studies into Strip Casting of Steel." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4155.

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The strip casting of steel, whereby liquid steel is solidified between twin water cooled copper rolls directly into its final shape, is a radical, energy efficient, cost effective route for the production of steel products that also provides exciting opportunities for the development of new products. An experimental program is currently underway to study phenomena associated with rapid solidification of steel using levitating droplet techniques and Gleeble®3500 thermo-mechanical processing. For example, studies have been conducted to investigate the heat transfer, nucleation behaviour and microstructure development during solidification of a low carbon steel and a peritectic steel on copper substrates hard coated electrolytically or using Filtered Arc Deposition (FAD). It was found that peak and average heat fluxes were significantly higher for steels solidified on the first substrate than for the FAD coated substrates. Maximum heat flux on the respective substrates was 36.5 to 39.0 MW/m2 and 8.3 to 9.4 MW/m2. The average heat flux on the respective coated substrates ranged between 9.6 to 12.5 and 5.5 to 6.6 MW/m2.

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Changizi, Ahmad, Mamoun Medraj, and Mihaiela Isac. "Effect of Casting Parameters on the Microstructural and Mechanical Behavior of Magnesium AZ31-B Alloy Strips Cast on a Single Belt Casting Simulator." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/101872.

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Strips of magnesium alloy AZ31-B were cast on a simulator of a horizontal single belt caster incorporating a moving mold system. Mixtures of CO2and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gases were used as protective atmosphere during melting and casting. The castability of the AZ31-B strips was investigated for a smooth, low carbon steel substrate, and six copper substrates with various textures and roughnesses. Graphite powder was used to coat the substrates. The correlation between strip thickness and heat flux was investigated. It was found that the heat flux from the forming strip to the copper substrate was higher than that to the steel substrate, while coated substrates registered lower heat fluxes than uncoated substrates. The highest heat flux from the strip was recorded for casting on macrotextured copper substrates with 0.15 mm grooves. As the thickness of the strip decreased, the net heat flux decreased. As the heat flux increased, the grain sizes of the strips were reduced, and the SDAS decreased. The mechanical properties were improved when the heat flux increased. The black layers which formed on the strips’ surfaces were analyzed and identified as nanoscale MgO particles. Nano-Scale particles act as light traps and appeared black.

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Wang, Yu Qian, Xiao Ming Zhang, Ting Zhang, and Zhong Mian Fan. "Casted Strip Character of Twin-Roll Casted High Strength Non-Oriented Electrical Steel." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.582.

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A twin-roll casting process was used to produce high strength non-oriented electrical steel casted strips. The typical character in chemical composition is the adding of Ni and Cr.The main role of Ni and Cr is solution strengthening. MEM, SEM, and TEM were used to observe microstructure, texture, and precipitate characteristics of a casted strip. The casted strip character under different secondary cooling process was compared. The results show that water-cooled as-cast strip is composed of the equiaxed grains, air-cooled as-cast strip is characterized by a mixture of the quiaxed and columnar grains. The texture of water-cooled as-cast strip is weaker and diffuser than air-cooled as-cast strip. Precipitates mostly are AlN and MnS, which mostly precipitate in the grain. The precipitates of Ni and Cr is not observed. The size distinction of MnS between two secondary cooling process is not remarkable. The size of AlN in water-cooled process is smaller than in air-cooled process.

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Vaňová, Patrícia, Vincent Kvočák, Viktória Kožlejová, Daniel Dubecký, and Ruslan Kanishchev. "FEM analysis of steel-concrete composite bridges with encased perforated steel strips." MATEC Web of Conferences 310 (2020): 00050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031000050.

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One of the newest contributions to the science of bridges are steel-concrete composite bridges with encased perforated steel strips. Their main advantages are their low height, low usage of materials and therefore lower cost of the bridge. They are mainly used as short span railway bridges (under 20m of length). Main focus of today researchers and structural engineers in this area is to improve the geometry of the steel strip – and therefore find new types with lower usage of material and higher shear strength. At Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Civil Engineering, several new types have been developed and tested. In order to properly measure the shear strength, the push-out tests had to be carried. They track the dependence between load (typed by loading conditions) and slip. These experiments were performed at Laboratory of Excellent Research in Košice. In this article is closely described software modelling of a strip developed at Faculty of Civil Engineering, the experiments performed as well as the results found.

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Xu, Dong, Quan Yang, Xiaochen Wang, Hainan He, Youzhao Sun, and Wenpei Li. "An Experimental Investigation of Steel Surface Topography Transfer by Cold Rolling." Micromachines 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11100916.

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Automobile and household appliance panels require steel strips with extremely high-quality surfaces. Therefore, an in-depth study of the surface topography transfer of the steel strip during the rolling process is of considerable significance for improving product quality. In this study, the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm is used to realize the large-field stitching and the correspondence measurement of the surface topography of the roll and strip. The surface topography transfer mechanism and microconvex change law during cold rolling are revealed. Further analysis is conducted regarding the effects of different reduction rates and the initial surface topography of the roll on the formation of strip surface topography. Experimental results reveal that the furrow phenomenon occurs during the rolling process owing to the backward slip effect but is eliminated by the elastoplastic deformation of the matrix and the forward slip action. No furrow occurred along the width direction of the strip. With an increase in the rolling reduction rate, the transfer rate increases, and the strip surface topography is closer to the roll surface topography. Under the same rolling roughness condition and a small reduction rate (5%), the transfer degree increases remarkably with a rise in the reduction rate and increases slowly as the reduction rate continues to grow (from 7 to 10%). This study serves as a theoretical basis for the subsequent improvement of the surface quality of cold rolled strips.

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Schröder, Christina, Marco Wendler, Thilo Kreschel, Olena Volkova, and Andreas Weiß. "Development of a Stainless Austenitic Nitrogen-Alloyed CrMnNiMo Spring Steel." Crystals 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9090456.

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The generation of a nickel-reduced, stainless spring steel strip with a thickness of 0.2 mm, producible under industrial conditions, is the aim of a transfer project together with the Institute of Metal Forming/TU BAF and the Auerhammer Metallwerk GmbH within the DFG Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 799. The spring steel strip should exhibit a tensile strength of ≥1700 MPa in work-hardened and partitioned state. The mechanical and corrosive properties of the steel strip should be equal or better than those given for 1.4310 steel (AISI 301). The article presents the results of laboratory alloys focused on the design of steel strips, which meet the requirements for a cost-effective production. The results presented relate to steel design, microstructure formation, temperature-dependent mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. Four alloys of the type X5CrMnNiMoN16-x-4 with manganese contents of approximately 2 to 6 wt.-percent were investigated. The austenitic steel X5CrMnNiMoN16-4-4 with TRIP/TWIP effect was selected for deformation and partitioning treatments. Its deformation-induced α’-martensite formation significantly contributes to the work hardening of the steel. A short-time annealing treatment (partitioning) further increases the strength properties.

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Lemos, Aline de Faria, Leonardo Adolpho Rodrigues da Silva, and Balázs Vince Nagy. "Automatic monitoring of steel strip positioning error based on semantic segmentation." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 110, no. 11-12 (September 1, 2020): 2847–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05859-w.

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Abstract The misalignment of steel strips in relation to the roller table centerline still is an impairment for the rolling mill production lines. Nowadays, the strip position correction remains largely in the purview of human analysis, in which the strip steering is traditionally a semi-manual operation. Automating the alignment process could reduce the maintenance costs, damage to the plant, and prevent material losses. The first step into the automatization is to determine the strip position and its referred error. This study presents a method that employs semantic segmentation based on convolution neural networks to estimate steel strips positioning error from images of the process. Additionally, the system mitigates the influences of mechanical vibration on the images. The system performance was assessed by standard semantic segmentation evaluation metrics and in comparison with the dataset ground truth. The results showed that 97% of the estimated positioning errors are within a 2-pixel margin. The method demonstrated to be a robust real-time solution as the networks were trained from a set of low-resolution images acquired in a complex environment.

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Yu, Yong Mei, Yun Bo Xu, Yuan Xiang Zhang, Ting Zhang, Xiao Ming Zhang, and Guo Dong Wang. "Structure and Precipitation of Strip As-Cast and Hot-Rolled by TSCR on Oriented Silicon Steel." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.506.

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The simulation studies were carried out on the oriented silicon steel produced by thin slab casting and rolling (TSCR) and twin-roll strip casting in the laboratory. The precipitation of inhibiter, formation of microstructure and texture were investigated before cold rolling. The inhomogeneous microstructure and texture gradient were observed in the 7-pass hot-rolled strip（2mm）for TSCR process, and texture gradient was not changed after normalizing, and the twin-roll strip casting directly supplied a strip with approx 2mm of thickness being same as that of hot-rolled strip by TSCR. The microstructure of twin-rolling casting strip was almost composed of all equiaxed grains which similar to the normalizing microstructure in TSCR process, but the random texture was obtained by twin-rolling strip casting. The dispersed and clustered precipitates were presented in hot-rolled strip when the ingots were soaked at 1200°C and 1150°C respectively for the TSCR process. And disperse and acicular precipitates were observed by TEM for air-cooling cast strips for process twin-rolling casting.

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Stockert, Sven, Matthias Wehr, Johannes Lohmar, Gerhard Hirt, and Dirk Abel. "Development of a Laser Triangulation Gauge for High Precision Strip Thickness Control." Advanced Materials Research 1140 (August 2016): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1140.107.

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Almost all metal strips with thicknesses of < 2 mm are produced by cold rolling. Thickness variations of cold rolled strips are caused by various factors like fluctuation in strength of the material, the eccentricity of the rolls or thickness variation of the incoming strip. As the demands concerning the thickness variation are ever increasing the Institute of Automatic Control and the Institute of Metal Forming aim at reducing the thickness tolerance of thin, cold-rolled steel and copper strips to 1 μm. As high frequency disturbances are expected, it is assumed that this goal can only be achieved by using a predictive controller in combination with a high precision strip thickness gauge and, for roll adjustment, a piezoelectric actuator in addition to the existing electromechanical actuator. The objective of this work is the constructive implementation and the testing of a thickness gauge based on laser triangulation. The gauge includes guide rollers to prevent strip vibration, a C-frame to allow an inline calibration and mechanical adjustment of the measuring range so that even flexible strip thicknesses can be measured. The designed gauge showed a high repeat accuracy of 0.4 μm for two different metal strips. Furthermore the gauge was used to investigate the dynamics of the thickness change of a steel strip at maximum rolling speed of 5 m/s using a Fourier transformation. This frequency analysis supports the need for a piezoelectric actuator that can also subsequently be dimensioned based on the obtained frequency data.

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Hwang, Yeong-Maw, and Chiao-Chou Chen. "Investigation of Effects of Strip Metals and Relative Sliding Speeds on Friction Coefficients by Reversible Strip Friction Tests." Metals 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101369.

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Friction at the interface between strips and dies is an important factor influencing the formability of strip or sheet forming. In this study, the frictional behaviors of strips at variant speeds were investigated using a self-developed strip friction test machine with a dual tension mechanism. This friction test machine, stretching a strip around a cylindrical friction wheel, was used to investigate the effects of various parameters, including sliding speeds, contact angles, strip materials, and lubrication conditions on friction coefficients at the strip–die interface. The friction coefficients at the strip–die interface were calculated from the drawing forces at the strip on both ends and the contact angle between the strip and die. A series of friction tests using carbon steel, aluminum alloy, and brass strips as the test piece were conducted. From the friction test results, it is known that the friction coefficients can be reduced greatly with lubricants on the friction wheel surface and the friction coefficients are influenced by the strip roughness, contact area, relative speeds between the strip and die, etc. The friction coefficients obtained under various friction conditions can be applied to servo deep drawing or servo draw-bending processes with variant speeds and directions.

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34

Lekhov, O. S., A. V. Mikhalev, and M. M. Shevelev. "PRODUCTION OF THREE-LAYER STEEL BIMETALLIC STRIPS IN THE UNIT OF CONTINUOUS CASTING AND DEFORMATION. REPORT 2." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 10 (November 3, 2019): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-10-763-768.

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The paper states urgency of the problem of determining stressstrain state of metals of the cladding layer and the main strip in production of three-layer bimetal: alloyed steel-constructional steelalloyed steel. Temperature field of the main strip and cladding layer is given to calculate stress-strain state of metals of three-layer bimetallic strip. Initial data for calculating this stress-strain state are given. To assess the effect of coefficient of friction between cladding layer s and the main strip on stress-strain state of metals in deformation zone, three values of it are taken. Geometric model is described for calculating stress-strain state and metal flow in deformation center of cladding layer. Characteristic lines and points of calculation are provided. Technique for solving the problem of determining stresses and flows in deformation focus is described by finite element method using ANSYS app. Regularities of flow of cladding layer’s metal along the length of deformation center and movement of the main strip of bimetallic ingot are given. Values of mutual displacement of layers of bimetallic strip are determined as a function of deformation degree of the cladding layer. And the recommendations are given on this degree to improve quali ty of a three-layer bimetal. Regularities of distribution of axial and tangential stresses in deformation center are presented for production of steel three-layer bimetallic strips in the unit of combined continuous casting and deformation. Stress state of the cladding layer’s metal in focus of cyclic deformation was estimated from the position of improving quality of three-layer bimetallic strips produced in such unit.

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Wang, Lei, Xian Yong He, Qin Peng, Rong Yang, and Qi Jie Zhai. "Effect of Cooling Rate and Si Content on Solidification Characteristics of Silicon Steel during Near-Rapid Solidification." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1247.

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The solidification characteristics of silicon steel in twin roll strip casting was studied by physical simulation. The experiments were designed to approximate the solidification conditions of twin roll strip casting. The strips with different cooling rate and different silicon content were prepared. The results show that the solidification structures of the strips with different cooling rate and different Si content are composed of columnar and equiaxed grains, and the solidification structures vary significantly. And with the decrease of cooling rate, the linear contraction rate decreases.

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36

Pirouznia, Pouyan, Nils Å. I. Andersson, Anders Tilliander, and Pär G. Jönsson. "The Impact of the Gas Inlet Position, Flow Rate, and Strip Velocity on the Temperature Distribution of a Stainless-Steel Strips during the Hardening Process." Metals 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2019): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090928.

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A non-uniform temperature across the width of martensitic stainless-steel strips is considered to be one of the main reasons why the strip exhibits un-flatness defects during the hardening process. Therefore, the effect of the gas inlet position in this process, on the temperature distribution of the steel strip was investigated numerically. Furthermore, an infrared thermal imaging camera was used to compare the model predictions and the actual process data. The results showed that the temperature difference across the width of the strip decreased by 9% and 14% relative to the calculated temperature and measured values, respectively, when the gas inlet position was changed. This temperature investigation was performed at a position about 63 mm from the bath interface. Moreover, a more symmetrical temperature distribution was observed across the width of the strip. In addition, this study showed that by increasing the amount of the hydrogen flow rate by 2 Nm3/h, a 20% reduction of temperature difference across the width of strip was predicted. Meanwhile, the results show that the effect of the strip velocity on the strip temperature is very small.

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37

Izadi, Hossein, and Hamid Pesaran Behbahani. "Deformation Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Two-Way Slabs Strengthened with Different Widths and Configurations of GFRP." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 11 (December 10, 2017): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-030942.

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In this paper, we conducted a numerical analysis of the deformation behavior of Steel-reinforced concrete (RC) two-way slabs strengthened by glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) with different widths and configurations. A total number of 36 RC slabs of cm were used in this numerical study. Also, a column of was considered in the center of the slab for applying static loading. The bonded GFRP strips had 5, 7.5 and 10 cm width (W) and configured in three models called PM1, PM2, and DM. In PM1 (strip length = 2.4 m) and PM2 (strip length =1.7 m) configurations, the strips were bonded in two directions parallel to the sides of the slab, while in DM configuration (strip length =1.7 m), strips were rotated with 45 degree angle around the central axis that is perpendicular to the surface of the slab. According to the comparison results, we found out that the 5-cm wide strips with PM1 configuration having a parallel space of 0.5 times the strip width ( ) greatly reduced the deformation of RC two-way slab compared to other strip widths and configurations, while strips under all configurations, highly increased the deformation when space between strips varied from to .

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Zhao, Xin Jun, and Sheng Yong Luo. "Research on System of Quality Assessing and Defects' Information Managing of Strip Steel Surface." Advanced Materials Research 44-46 (June 2008): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.44-46.173.

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Under the demand of steel enterprise’s production and consumer’s usage, by way of making up and improving continuous function of steel strip surface defects inspection system on-line, the system of grade assessing of surface quality and defects’ information of strip steel has been set up based on quality statistical method. The system of steel strip surface quality grade assessing standards has been analyzed by many steel enterprises in different countries and gotten the limitations of some of the standards. According to the rules of the National Hardwood Lumber Association of America and the feature of Chinese steel enterprise production, the grade assessing standards of steel strip surface quality has been established. Based on character of steel strip surface defects’ information, through the analysis of the requirement, aim and function, system of grade assessing of surface quality and defects’ information managed of strip steel has been developed to fit the demand of the enterprises and consumers.

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39

Jiao, Guo Hua, Gang Huang, De Zhi Wen, Chun Quan Zhou, and Kai Ming Wu. "Mechanical Properties of Heat Treated 30CrMo Steel Produced by Compact Strip Production." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1065–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1065.

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Mechanical properties of heat treated 30CrMo steel produced by CSP (Compact Strip Production) and conventional continuous casting process. Results showed that 30CrMo steel produced by CSP exhibits higher hardness than that produced by conventional continuous casting process. The higher hardness was attributed to fine-grained microstructures in the as-rolled CSP strips.

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Vidoni, Michele, Rebecca Ackermann, Silvia Richter, and Gerhard Hirt. "Production of Clad Steel Strips by Twin-Roll Strip Casting." Advanced Engineering Materials 17, no. 11 (April 22, 2015): 1588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201500094.

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41

Shibuya, Kiyoshi, and Michiharu Ozawa. "Strip Casting Techniques for Steel." ISIJ International 31, no. 7 (1991): 661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.31.661.

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42

Goode, B. J., R. D. Jones, and J. N. H. Howells. "Ultrasonic pickling of steel strip." Ultrasonics 36, no. 1-5 (February 1998): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-624x(97)00078-4.

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43

Nikolaev, V. A. "Improvements in steel-strip quality." Steel in Translation 45, no. 10 (October 2015): 778–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091215100125.

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44

Liu, Bo, Cheng Long Tang, and Ting Quan Gu. "A Method to Avoid Strip Breakage for Thin Strip Steel in Cold Rolling." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1211.

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An automatic control method to prevent thin strip steel from breaking in cold rolling is presented in this paper. The strip width detector is equipped at the entry and exit sections of the cold rolling mill respectively, thus the width reduction of the strip steel before and after the mill can be real-time detected . The signal of the width reduction rate exceeding a certain value means that the strip edge is too tight. Then, via the strip shape adjusting mechanism, the edge of the strip steel becomes loose and the strip breakage can be avoided. By applying this method, the incidence of strip breakage can be reduced and the productivity capacity can be increased, and more, the width control accuracy of the rolled steel strip can be improved. The validity of the proposed method is verified by the example simulation.

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ITOH, Yukiyoshi. "Near Net Shape Continuous Casting for Steel Strip : Direct Strip Casting from Liquid Steel." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 91, no. 839 (1988): 1025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.91.839_1025.

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Bondarenko, Serhii, Olexandr Grydin, Yaroslav Frolov, Olga Kuzmina, and Oleksandr Bobukh. "COLD ROLLING OF PRE-PROFILED STRIP FROM ALUMINUM ALLOY EN AW-1050." Modern Problems of Metalurgy, no. 23 (March 27, 2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1991-7848.2020.01.09.

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Specialists of metallurgy and mechanical engineering are intensively working at materials with controlled properties. In fact, at this stage we are already talking about the design of new materials for the specific tasks of the industry. One of the ways to achieve the regulated mechanical properties of metal products is to use the influence of plastic deformation with its different parameters in individual sections of the deformable material. In this study, we studied the effect of cold rolling on the properties of a strip of aluminum alloy EN AW-1050 with artificially created differences in the deformation parameters in different parts of the cross section of the profile. For this, a pre-shaped sample was prepared by conducting joint cold rolling of a strip of the specified material 420 mm long, 180 mm wide and 2.9 mm thick with a steel profiling tape 80 mm wide and 2 mm thick superimposed on it (length of an aluminum strip and steel profiling tape are the same). As a result of joint deformation, the steel strip rolled into the base metal and changed the geometry of the cross section and the properties of the obtained strip. Next, the obtained strip was subjected to heat treatment and rolled in a duo mill. After rolling, thin samples were made from fabricated flat strips to assess mechanical properties, in particular tensile tests were performed according to ISO 6892-1: 2009 and Brinell hardness tests were performed according to ISO 6506-1: 2014. Experimental studies of cold rolling of strips with profiled cross section of aluminum alloy EN AW-1050 were carried out. The possibility of forming heterogeneous properties in a flat aluminum strip by cold plastic deformation is shown and the maximum average values of the increase in the main indicators of mechanical properties on individual elements of the strip are determined. The maximum difference between the mechanical properties of the thick and thin elements of the profiled strip is observed in the hardness index and reaches 37.5%. The maximum obtained average value of the increase in yield strength and tensile strength is 26% and 18%, which is achieved with true deformation of the thick element of the profiled strip 0.165 and 0.234.

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Huang, Gang, Guo Hua Jiao, De Zhi Wen, Chun Quan Zhou, and Kai Ming Wu. "Mechanical Properties of Heat Treated 65Mn Steel Produced by Compact Strip Production." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 832–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.832.

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The mechanical properties of the heat treated 65Mn steel that produced by CSP (Compact Strip Production) and conventional continuous casting process were investigated. Measured results showed that 65Mn steel produced by CSP exhibits higher hardness than that produced by conventional continuous casting process. The better mechanical property was attributed to fine-grained microstructures in the as-rolled CSP strips.

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Yang, Jia Xin, Jing Liu, and Shi De Li. "Analysis on Primary Recrystallization Characteristics of High Permeability Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel by Inherent Inhibitor Method and Acquired Inhibitor Method." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.119.

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Contrastive analysis on recrystallized strips of high permeability grain-oriented silicon steel by inherent and acquired inhibitor method has been done, including structure, grain size, coincidence site lattice（CSL） and texture. Results show that the mean primary grain sizes of high permeability grain-oriented silicon steel by inherent inhibitor method and acquired inhibitor method of this experiment are 12.66μm and 27.95μm, respectively. The former is homogeneous structure while the latter is coarsened to some extent. Both primary recrystallized strips have equivalent percentage of ∑9 boundary, but the strip by acquired inhibitor method has higher percentage of ∑3 boundary than that by inherent inhibitor method. Both primary recrystallized strips have {111}<112> as the main texture component, however, the strip by acquired inhibitor method has（113）[5，-11，2] texture component, which is not desirable for ideal secondary recrystallization texture.

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Zhao, Yan Feng, Dian Hua Zhang, Yun Bo Xu, Xiao Ying Hou, and Guo Dong Wang. "A Method of Establishing Temperature Schedule during ASP Hot Strip Rolling." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 1298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.1298.

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Based on the actual production data of ASP (Angang Strip Production) hot strip rolling line, mechanical properties of thin gauge X70 pipeline steel were simulated by BP neural network method. Recursive functions were used to verify the mechanical properties which calculated by BP neural network. Based on predicted mechanical properties with high precision, BP neural network and Genetic Algorithm (GA) were combined to establish the temperature schedule of X70 pipeline steel during ASP hot strip rolling. It is shown that there are four important temperatures during ASP hot strip rolling, such as rough rolling temperature, refine start rolling temperature, refine finish rolling temperature and coiling temperature. Temperature difference of adjacent stages and temperature of former stage is a linear function relationship. For a given mechanical properties, deviations between simulated temperature and actual temperature are within ±10°C. This method can be used to produce different strips with the same compositions but different strengths by regulating suitable temperature schedule, so it is effective to resolve conflicts during hot strip rolling.

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Wang, Yong Qin, Fei Yu Wang, and Yuan Xin Luo. "Effect of Transmission Error on the Fluctuating Tension Force for Dual-Coiler Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.434.

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Dual-coiler is one of the most advanced coiling equipment designed for collecting strips in the rolling mill production line for the purpose of storing/transportation. The quality of the steel strip is largely affected by the tension force. This paper devotes to investigate the fluctuating tension force on the steel strip during the coiling process. The dynamics model of driveline is built for simulate the transmission error which is the main cause of the fluctuating tension force. In the proposed model, the time-varying meshing stiffness and damping, and the stiffness of strip are considered. A set of data are measured from the production line for evaluating the presented model. It’s believed that the proposed model can be used for improving the mechanical design of the machine.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Steel strip'

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