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Journal articles on the topic 'Steel-to-wood connections'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Fonseca, Elza MM, Lino Silva, and Pedro AS Leite. "Numerical model to predict the effect of wood density in wood–steel–wood connections with and without passive protection under fire." Journal of Fire Sciences 38, no. 2 (2020): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904119884706.

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The main objective of this work is to present a numerical model to predict the effect of wood density in unprotected wood connections with an internal steel plate (wood–steel–wood), when comparing with the same connections using passive protection with gypsum plasterboard, submitted to fire conditions. Wood–steel–wood connections are made of four wood members, two on each side, with an internal steel plate that connects the pieces using steel dowel fasteners. First, analytical methodologies according to Eurocode 5 part 1-1 were used to design the connections at room temperature. After that, to
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2

Mohammad, M., and J. HP Quenneville. "Bolted wood–steel and wood–steel–wood connections: verification of a new design approach." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 2 (2001): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-105.

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This paper covers the verification tests carried out at the Royal Military College of Canada on wood–steel–wood and wood–steel bolted connections. Thirty groups of specimens were tested. Specimen configurations were selected in such a way to include fundamental brittle and ductile failure mode cases. Comparisons between experimental results and predictions from proposed equations developed from steel–wood–steel bolted connections are given. Proposed design equations were found to provide better predictions of the ultimate loads than current CSA Standard O86.1 design procedures especially for b
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3

Fan, Wei, Xinrui Zhu, Xinyu Hu, and Hongguang Liu. "Effect of Wet–Dry Cycles on the Shear Behavior of Compressed Wood Nails Compared to Steel Nails." Forests 16, no. 6 (2025): 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16060940.

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The corrosion-induced strength degradation of steel nails poses a critical challenge to the structural integrity of timber connection joints, particularly in hygrothermal environments. Compressed wood nails exhibit hygroscopic expansion characteristics, demonstrating their potential as a sustainable alternative to steel nails in structural connections. However, systematic investigations on their shear performance under cyclic hygrothermal conditions remain limited. This study comparatively analyzed the shear behavior evolution of compressed wood nail and galvanized steel nail connections under
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4

Quenneville, J. HP, and M. Mohammad. "Design method for bolted connections loaded perpendicular-to-grain." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 6 (2001): 949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-059.

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A new design approach to evaluate the resistance of bolted timber connections loaded perpendicular-to-grain is presented in this paper. The design method consists of calculating the resistances of the ductile failure modes, based on the original European yield model, and that of the splitting mode, and of using the smallest of the two. The splitting calculations are adapted from the wood resistance calculation for timber rivet connections. The new design method is based on the assumption that the bolted connection is forming a cluster considered to be equivalent in dimension to a cluster of ti
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5

Zhou, Jun Wen, Dong Sheng Huang, Wen Hu Li, Ai Hua Liu, and Wei Cheng Shi. "Failure Modes of Bolted Steel-Wood-Steel Connections Loaded Parallel-to-Grain." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.652.

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Bolted steel-wood-steel connection is an important fashion of connections in timber structure, the manners of failure loaded parallel-to-grain include bearing, row shear-out, group tear-out and splitting, and the brittle failure modes are predominant in some tested results of bolted connections specimens. End distance, bolt spacing, row spacing and the thickness of wood have important influence on the failure modes, and meanwhile, the bolt diameter can not be neglected. Based on the different failure fashion, the equations of strength were given.
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6

Fonseca, Elza M. M., and Carlos Gomes. "FEM Analysis of 3D Timber Connections Subjected to Fire: The Effect of Using Different Densities of Wood Combined with Steel." Fire 6, no. 5 (2023): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6050193.

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This work aims to present a study approach for double-shear connections of wood under fire with dowel pins and plates in steel material, using different types of glulam. The simplified Eurocode equations for ambient temperature were used to determine the dimensions and the number of dowel pins that each studied connection needs in order to resist an applied tensile load. Following this methodology, the finite element method was used to assess the thermal analysis of the studied connections under fire. The study aims to increase the information on these connections, where the wood material repr
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7

Hansen, Klavs Feilberg. "Mechanical properties of self-tapping screws and nails in wood." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 5 (2002): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-059.

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This paper presents results of a research programme investigating the mechanical properties of self-tapping screws and nails in wood. The programme consisted of deformation-controlled tests to determine embedment strength, withdrawal strength, pull-through strength, bending capacity of individual screws, shear strength of screwed and nailed wood–wood connections, and shear strength of screwed wood–steel connections. All test specimens showed ductile behaviour. Based on the results from the first four types of tests, a simple calculation model for the shear strength of screwed wood–wood and woo
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8

Quenneville, J. HP, and M. Mohammad. "On the failure modes and strength of steel-wood-steel bolted timber connections loaded parallel-to-grain." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 4 (2000): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-020.

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The current Canadian code provisions for the design of timber bolted connections were essentially developed based on connections showing a ductile behavior and then further modified to account for situations where connections fail in a brittle way. An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the strength of bolted connections specifically experiencing a brittle mode of failure. Specimens consisting of steel-wood-steel connections with either 19.1 mm or 12.7 mm bolts were tested in tension. Test variables included end distance, bolt spacing, row spacing, number of bolts per row, number of
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9

Ma, Yu Rong, Xiao Bin Song, Tian Qi Xu, and Lie Luo. "Rotational Behavior of Bolted Glulam Beam-to-Column Connections Reinforced with Section Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.15.

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Bolted connections with slotted-in steel plates are commonly used to connect beams and columns in heavy timber structures. While due to the low tensile strength of wood in the perpendicular-to-grain direction, these connections are usually not able to present satisfying rotational performance. In order to solve this problem, a relatively new type of bolted connection, reinforced with section steel, was designed and tested in this paper. Two groups of total six specimens were tested under monotonic loading to investigate their rotational behavior. Tests showed that the brittle failure mode of w
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10

Peng, Lei, George Hadjisophocleous, Jim Mehaffey, and Mohammad Mohammad. "Erratum to: Predicting the Fire Resistance of Wood–Steel–Wood Timber Connections." Fire Technology 50, no. 4 (2009): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-009-0135-3.

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11

Agustina, Theresia, Johannes Adhijoso Tjondro, and David Setiawan. "Uji Eksperimental Sambungan Pelat Baja Perantara dengan Sekrup Kunci pada Hubungan Balok-Kolom Kayu Meranti Merah." Siklus : Jurnal Teknik Sipil 10, no. 2 (2024): 177–88. https://doi.org/10.31849/siklus.v10i2.19036.

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Research was conducted by testing the connection of solid red meranti wood beam and column using intermediate steel plate with lag screw as fasteners. There were 3 connection samples tested under monotonic load. Material properties of red meranti wood, testing of steel tensile strength, and testing of lag screw bending yield momen has been done to design connection. The behaviour studied in this research is moment capacity, rotation of connection, and ductility of connection. The test results show that initial stiffness of connections B-1, B-2, and B-3 resulting in ranges 10,17 N/mm – 19,05 N/
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12

Popovski, Marjan, Helmut G. L. Prion, and Erol Karacabeyli. "Seismic performance of connections in heavy timber construction." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 3 (2002): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-020.

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Results from monotonic and quasi-static cyclic tests on connections used in heavy timber construction are presented for two types of fasteners: steel bolts and glulam rivets. Bolted connections with three different diameter bolts, arranged in several configurations, as well as two different configurations of glulam rivet connections were tested. All configurations included a main glulam member and two steel side plates. For bolted connections, the seismic behaviour was found to be primarily dependent on the bolt slenderness ratio. Bolted connections with higher slenderness ratios (smaller diam
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13

Huang, Haoyu, Wen-Shao Chang, and Ke Chen. "Study of SMA-dowelled timber connection reinforced by densified veneer wood under cyclic loading." MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927501015.

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This study explores the dynamic behaviours of shape memory alloy (SMA)-dowelled timber connection with densified veneer wood (DVW) reinforcement, so as to provide resilience to the timber structure. The performance of the SMA bar under cyclic bending is firstly studied, and it is found that it has superior self-centring effect and large ductility compared with that of the steel. By testing the SMA-dowelled timber connections and the conventional steel-dowelled timber connections under cyclic loading at various displacement levels, it is shown that SMA can provide better self-centring effect an
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14

Hassan, Rohana, Azmi Ibrahim, and Zakiah Ahmad. "Bending Behaviour of Dowelled Mortise and Tenon Joints in Kempas." Scientific Research Journal 5, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v5i1.5647.

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Mortise and tenon are commonly used as timber connections between beam and column with enhancement by pultruded dowel. At present the data on the performance of mortise and tenon joints manufactured using Malaysian tropical timber is not available. Therefore there is a need to provide such data for better guidance and references in design purposes. This study investigates the behavior and strength properties of dowelled mortise and tenon timber connections using selected Malaysian tropical timber with different types of dowels namely steel and timber. Bending tests were performed on mortise an
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15

Karim, Abdul Razak Abdul, Pierre Quenneville, and Norazzlina M. Sadon. "Design Optimization of the Bolted Connection Loaded Parallel to the Timber Grain for Masonry Building Retrofits." International Journal of Mechanics 16 (February 10, 2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9104.2022.16.2.

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The experimental results of timber bolted connection tests for the purpose of optimizing the use of current design standard are presented. The test was conducted to investigate the structural performance of bolted connections loaded parallel to the timber grain. Both ductile and brittle failure modes were investigated to identify the governing parameters that affect the types of failures. The Meraka hardwood was chosen because it was found to be commonly used in the construction of the structural components of floor and roof diaphragms in Malaysia unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. From thi
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16

Sadiyo, Sucahyo, Naresworo Nugroho, Surjono Surjokusumo, and Imam Wahyudi. "NILAI DESAIN ACUAN SAMBUNGAN KAYU GESER GANDA DENGAN PAKU BERPELAT SISI BAJA AKIBAT BEBAN UNI-AKSIAL TEKAN MENURUT BERBAGAI ANALISIS PENDEKATAN." PERENNIAL 6, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v6i1.191.

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The purposes of this research are to know the influence of woods specific gravity and nail diameter to reference design value in double shear timber connections with steel side plates nail on four species of Indonesian commercial wood according to various approximation analysis. Analysis is done to four values and it is compared with other research that has been done. This research result from testing which have done by Ziannita (2009) referred as approach of A; result of research of Sadiyo and Sriyanto (2009) and Mansur (2009) referred as approach of B; values referring at literature referred
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17

Bulleit, William M. "Reliability of Steel Doweled Wood Connections Designed to ASCE 16-95." Journal of Structural Engineering 132, no. 3 (2006): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2006)132:3(441).

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18

Gamerro, Julien, Jean François Bocquet, and Yves Weinand. "A Calculation Method for Interconnected Timber Elements Using Wood-Wood Connections." Buildings 10, no. 3 (2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10030061.

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Wood-wood connections, widely used in the past, have been progressively replaced by steel fasteners in timber constructions. Currently, they can be manufactured and implemented more efficiently thanks to digital fabrication techniques. In addition, with the emergence of new timber plate engineered products, digitally produced wood-wood connections have been developed with a strong focus on complex free-form geometries. The gained knowledge through research and building implementations have pushed the development of more standardized structural elements. As a result, this work presents a new co
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19

Bian, Zhi Hui, Tie Cheng Wang, Shi Yong Zhao, and Su Juan Fu. "Research on Semi-Rigid Connections Calculation of Laminated Wood Frame Beam-Column." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.743.

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Generally laminated wood frame beam-column uses the additional steel bolts to connect, its performance is a semi-rigid characteristics under the loads. In the small deflection assumption conditions, this paper is based on the theory of semi-rigid connection, derived the semi-rigid rod end stiffness matrix and moment calculation formula of laminated wood structural frame beam-column element under the arbitrary loads. By SAP2000 the type of flexible coefficient is adopted to establish finite element numerical analysis based on 1# wood frame structure-building of science and technology R&D ce
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20

Serrette, Reynaud, and David Nolan. "Wood Structural Panel to Cold-Formed Steel Shear Connections with Pneumatically Driven Knurled Steel Pins." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 22, no. 3 (2017): 04017002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000321.

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21

Razak Abdul Karim, Abdul, Pierre Quenneville, Norazzlina M.Sa’don, and Mahshuri Yusof. "Investigating the Meraka Hardwood Failure in Bolted Connections Parallel to the Timber Grain." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.18 (2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16675.

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The present study was performed to investigate the ductile failure mode of timber bolted connections, specifically in Meraka hardwood. This was done to initiate an effort in developing a comprehensive guideline in designing the timber bolted connections for the purpose of strengthening the wall-diaphragm connections of the Malaysia unreinforced masonry buildings. A series of experimental tests was conducted on the steel-wood-steel (SWS) with a single row connection type. A total of eight different bolted connection configurations or groups with ten replicates for each group was tested. The Mer
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22

Gomes, Carlos, Elza M. M. Fonseca, and Hernâni M. Lopes. "Thermomechanical Analysis of Steel-to-Timber Connections under Fire and the Material Density Effect." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (2022): 10516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010516.

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This work presents a thermomechanical numerical analysis of a steel-to-timber connection with dowels in tension when exposed to fire using ANSYS ® software. Three different wood density materials were considered. The connection is built by a three-dimensional model with a thermomechanical boundary condition. A nominal temperature–time curve, ISO 834, was used to simulate the fire effect. Numerical simulation to determine the field of thermal and mechanical stresses was performed using a combined problem. A temperature field was imposed for a given time instant of fire exposure, calculated thro
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23

Rossi, Adriana, and Sara Gonizzi Barsanti. "Resilient connections." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 6, no. 1 (2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2021.15375.

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The paper presents Axis Strutture, patented by the authors, awarded with V:alere funds (VAnvitelli pER la ricErca 2020) for the establishment of an innovative start-up, now academic spin-off. It is based on the assemble of iron and wood with 'pins' (in Latin 'axis') threaded to ensure an economic profit in line with the Sustainable Development Goals, reviewing ancient technologies in the light of advanced research. The focus is on the structural connections of a construction system that clamps the steel frame elements with the wooden infill, allowing to assemble modular, prefabricated and flex
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24

Le, Truong Di Ha, and Meng Ting Tsai. "Behavior of Timber-Steel Composite with Dowel Connection under Fire." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.195.

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Recently, a hybrid structure called Timber-Steel Composite (TSC), which is assembled by a central steel I beam with wooden block covered, is expected to introduce a potential strength for the design of modern wooden structure. However, information on this type of structure under the influence of fire is not yet sufficiently explicit to provide designers with a reliable index. The aim of this research was to study the behavior of TSC with dowel connection under fire. Three TSC with bolt connected were tested and were burnt under temperature 700 °C within 10 minutes. Testing results showed that
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25

Zhou, Junwen, Dongsheng Huang, Chun Ni, Yurong Shen, and Longlong Zhao. "Experiment on Behavior of a New Connector Used in Bamboo (Timber) Frame Structure under Cyclic Loading." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9084279.

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Connection is an important part of the bamboo and timber structure, and it directly influences the overall structural performance and safety. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical performance of several wood connections, a new connector for the bamboo (timber) frame joint was proposed in this paper. Three full-scale T-type joint specimens were designed to study the mechanical performance under cyclic loading. The thickness of the hollow steel column was different among three specimens. The specimens were loaded under displacement control with a rate of 10 mm per minute until the
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26

Kusendová, Margaréta, and Tomáš Klas. "The Characteristics of Beam String Systems." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 4 (2014): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2014-0018.

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Abstract Large-span constructions are used more and more today in practice. While concrete and steel previously played a leading role, now constructions which use wood as a building material occur more often. This article deals with problems related to composite structure made from steel and wood by focusing on the connections of these structures in more detail. The main part of this work concentrates on the experimental verification of the resistance of four types of joints. It compares the results with Eurocode 5: design of timber structures.
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27

LAVRINENKO, Liudmila, Liudmyla AFANASIEVA, and Vitalii TONKACHEIEV. "FEATURES OF BEHAVIOR AND CALCULATION OF DOWEL TIMBER JOINTS WITH SLOTTED-IN PLATES ACCORDING TO EC5." Building constructions. Theory and Practice, no. 13 (December 23, 2023): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2522-4182.13.2023.123-138.

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The paper presents an overview of theoretical and experimental studies of connections of timber structures with steel dowel with steel slitted-in plates. The correct choice of the type of connections allows you to significantly influence the total cost of the structure due to the formation of thestructural and assembly scheme of the structure (minimization of the number of nodal and assembly connections), optimal unification of connections isan additional argument for creating an economical and competitive solution. For the analysis of the dowel connection, it is taken into account that thefor
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28

Feng, Xin, Hongbin Xiao, and Bowang Chen. "Experimental study on splitting strength of sawn lumber loaded perpendicular to grain by bolted steel-wood-steel connections." Journal of Building Engineering 44 (December 2021): 102554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102554.

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29

Chen, Ming, Shangguan Li, and Jianhua Lyu. "Effects of selected joint parameters on tensile strength of steel bolt-nut connections in Cupressus funebris wood." BioResources 14, no. 3 (2019): 5188–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.5188-5211.

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The influences of various factors on the tensile strength loading caused by steel bolt-nut connections on Cupressus funebris wood components in directions perpendicular and parallel to the grain were studied. The focus was the interference fit parameter between the nut and the pre-drilling hole, the nut embedded depth, and the embedded nut diameter using the single factor method. The optimum parameters for bolt-nut connections with C. funebris wood components both perpendicular and parallel to the grain component structures were obtained via a single factor experiment and verified by simulatio
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30

Pribadi, Gali, and Yonas Prima Arga Rumbyarso. "Analisis Profil Atap Baja WF dengan Metode LRFD Menggunakan SAP 2000 dan Idea StatiCa." Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi 6, no. 4 (2023): 1543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jutin.v6i4.21662.

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The roof is one of the main components in a building to protect it from heat and rain. The roof is also an architectural component that adds to the beauty of a building. Therefore, every building must have a roof. Currently, many steel roofs are used as the structural frame. Considering that wooden materials are considered expensive to use nowadays. Apart from that, steel material has a longer durability than wood material, so steel is considered the best alternative at the moment. The title of this article is "Structure Analysis of WF Steel Profile Roofs Using the LRFD Method". This analysis
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31

Fonseca, Elza M. M., and Vânia S. B. da Silva. "Assessment of Indirect Charring in Doweled Wood Connections and External Steel Plates Submitted to Fire." ce/papers 5, no. 2 (2022): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1707.

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32

Khan, Mehsam Tanzim, Chun Ni, Jieying Wang, and Ying Hei Chui. "Numerical Investigation of the Axial Stress Distribution of Self-Tapping Screws in Mass Timber Products during Wetting or Drying." Buildings 13, no. 3 (2023): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030623.

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Self-tapping screws (STS) are used in wood-to-wood and wood-to-steel connections in timber structures. Premature failure of STS during the construction phase has been reported by structural engineers and contractors in relation to a few North American mass-timber projects. This STS failure type is suspected of having been precipitated by additional axial stress exerted on STS from swelling of the wood resulting from prolonged wetting. This study investigates the axial stress distribution of STS installed in two mass timber products, cross-laminated timber (CLT) and glulam, under axial loading
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33

Sadiyo, Sucahyo, Imam Wahyudi, Fengky Satria Yoresta, Nurhasanah, and Muhammad Sholihin. "ANALISIS KEKUATAN SAMBUNGAN GESER GANDA ENAM JENIS KAYU PADA BERBAGAI SESARAN MENURUT DIAMETER DAN JUMLAH BAUT." PERENNIAL 8, no. 2 (2012): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v8i2.215.

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This research aims to determine the effect of double shear connection strength of six types of timber in various displacement based on diameter and the number of bolts. Six types of wood used are bangkirai, punak, meranti, sengon, bintangur and kapur. Double shear connection consists of the main member (wood) and side member (steel plate) with bolts connected. The average moisture content of sengon, meranti, bintangur and bangkirai are relatively similar (about 12 %), while kapur and punak are slightly higher at around 14 %. In contrast, the average density of six wood species are greatly vary
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34

Priyono, Dwi Joko, Surjono Surjokusumo, Yusuf S. Hadi, and Naresworo Nugroho. "Equations of the Sum of Shear Connector on the Double Shear Connection Strength using Different Connector Materials." Wood Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2017): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.81-86.

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Mangium wood from the timber estate have been developed continuously in an effort to reach the fulfilling of wood fiber and construction material needs to replace role of timber from the natural forests which has been decreased. Timber connection requires a connector such as bolt that can distribute both the load of wood to wood and the compression or tensile stress through all the connections. Bearing slip is a connector that is inserted into a hole in the wood, which bears pressure and shear. Bolted connection is the most commonly used because it is easy to apply, even though it is less effi
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35

ЛИСИЦКИЙ, И. И., and В. И. ЖАДАНОВ. "JOINT CONNECTIONS ON THE BASIS OF THE PASTED FLAT CORES IN TRUSS STRUCTURES." ВЕСТНИК ПОВОЛЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ: МАТЕРИАЛЫ. КОНСТРУКЦИИ. ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, no. 3(11) (September 6, 2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25686/2542-114x.2019.3.59.

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Применение новых видов соединительных элементов в узлах сквозных конструкций из цельной древесины позволяет повысить их несущую способность и эксплуатационную надежность. Соответственно расширяется область применения и увеличивается номенклатура конструкций из цельной древесины. Развитие этого направления актуально для регионов, в которых отсутствуют заводы, выпускающие продукцию из клееной древесины. Предложен новый вид соединительного элемента для узлов сквозных конструкций из цельной древесины в виде стальных плоских вклеенных стержней. Вклеиваемую часть таких стержней необходимо дополнител
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36

Yang, Deshan, Ming Xu, and Zhongfan Chen. "Experimental study on the reinforcement methods and lateral resistance of mortise-tenon jointed traditional timber frames." BioResources 16, no. 2 (2021): 4039–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.4039-4051.

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In order to study the lateral resistance of reinforced traditional Chinese timber frames with mortise-tenon connections, three cyclic tests were conducted on one-bay mortise-tenon jointed traditional timber frames. Three reinforcement methods, i.e., steel angle strengthening, wood brace, and Timu, were studied. Seismic performances were evaluated according to the experimental phenomena and the test results. The failure mode, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, curves of stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation capacity of the three specimens were analyzed based on the tests. The test resu
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37

Mauer, Frederick, D. Lance Bullard, Dean C. Alberson, and Wanda L. Menges. "Development and Testing of Steel U-Channel Slip Safe Sign Support." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1599, no. 1 (1997): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1599-07.

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Researchers at Texas Transportation Institute designed a Slip Safe connection for use with steel U-channel sign-support structures within the highway right-of-way. The Slip Safe connection has two design configurations: a small Slip Safe design for single U-channel posts and a larger Slip Safe for back-to-back U-channel posts. Both configurations utilize Rib-Bak U-channel posts weighing up to 5.9 kg/m manufactured from 552-MPa yield billet steel. The Slip Safe is designed for use in a range of soil types with up to three supports per installation. There are two advantages of this Slip Safe des
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38

Mikhalevich, N. V., and O. S. Plotnikova. "NON-DESTRUCTIVE APPROACH TO THE BOLT JOINTS QUALITY CONTROL." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 284 (November 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.11.pp.037-042.

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Bolted connections are often used to connect structural elements in steel, wood and reinforced concrete structures. In structural inspecting, there is often no marking on bolted joints. So, it is necessary to determine the bolt strength to assess the bolt joint bearing capacity. The bolt strength can be determined by destructive and non-destructive methods. The article presents the experimental research to determine the bolt strength using the scratch method and compares the results with the destructive method (bolt breaking).
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39

Mikhalevich, N. V., and O. S. Plotnikova. "NON-DESTRUCTIVE APPROACH TO THE BOLT JOINTS QUALITY CONTROL." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 284 (November 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.11.pp.037-042.

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Bolted connections are often used to connect structural elements in steel, wood and reinforced concrete structures. In structural inspecting, there is often no marking on bolted joints. So, it is necessary to determine the bolt strength to assess the bolt joint bearing capacity. The bolt strength can be determined by destructive and non-destructive methods. The article presents the experimental research to determine the bolt strength using the scratch method and compares the results with the destructive method (bolt breaking).
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40

Kromoser, Benjamin, Matthias Braun, and Maximilian Ortner. "Construction of All-Wood Trusses with Plywood Nodes and Wooden Pegs: A Strategy towards Resource-Efficient Timber Construction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062568.

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Timber truss systems are very efficient load-bearing structures. They allow for great freedom in design and are characterised by high material use in combination with a low environmental impact. Unfortunately, the extensive effort in design and production have made the manufacturing and application of these structures, in this day and age, a rarity. In addition, the currently mainly used steel gusset plates adversely affect the costs and environmental impact of the trusses. The authors’ goals are to optimise the design of timber trusses and to solely use wood for all building components. The t
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41

Dias, Alfredo Manuel Pereira Geraldes, José Saporiti Machado, Fernando Júnior Resende Mascarenhas, et al. "Reuse of wooden utility poles through the combination of new and old elements." BioResources 19, no. 2 (2024): 3121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.2.3121-3137.

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Wooden utility poles are crucial in supporting overhead telecommunication lines in Portugal. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) is the most common wood species used for this purpose. The durability of the poles is typically determined by the deterioration observed in their ground line. Aiming to reduce the use of new sound wooden poles, reducing the economic costs involved, and the environmental impacts, the reuse of those old wooden poles by removing the degraded part is one possible solution. This study aimed to develop and validate solutions with composed poles, specifically for the conne
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42

Bidakov, Andrii, Ieugeniy Raspopov, Oksana Pustovoitova, and Bogdan Strashko. "STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF GLUED-IN STEEL RODS WITH DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN CLT PANELS CROSS SECTION." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 53 (2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2019.53.1888.

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New types of wood based building materials to which the CLT refers require an accurate evaluation of the strength of varioustypes of connections. CLT panels connections with glued-in steel rods are of interest due to the possibility of creating quickmounted and rigid joints in the factory. Since the CLT have the structure of the perpendicular orientated boards in adjacentlayers, the strength and behaviour of the pasted rods is difficult to predict. The purpose of this study was to establish thestrength of the glued-in rods by pull-pull tests with different locations relative to the boards laye
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43

Kriegl, Adam, Kyle Blaquiere, and Dagmar Svecova. "FLEXURAL STRENGTHENING OF DIMENSIONAL WOOD JOISTS WITH STEEL REINFORCEMENT." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (2022): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.1.21.

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ABSTRACT Traditional approaches to the strengthening of dimensional wood roof joist systems are often intrusive and require a substantial amount of additional labour to remove ceilings or roof sections. In an effort to design a less intrusive system for reinforcing over-stressed dimensional wood joists, a roof joist strengthening system was designed consisting of a tension steel plate installed along the bottom of the existing joists with bolted side plate connections. An experimental program was conducted at the University of Manitoba to assess the viability of the reinforcement design. A tot
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44

Kriegl, Adam, Kyle Blaquiere, and Dagmar Svecova. "FLEXURAL STRENGTHENING OF DIMENSIONAL WOOD JOISTS WITH STEEL REINFORCEMENT." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (2022): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.21.

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ABSTRACT Traditional approaches to the strengthening of dimensional wood roof joist systems are often intrusive and require a substantial amount of additional labour to remove ceilings or roof sections. In an effort to design a less intrusive system for reinforcing over-stressed dimensional wood joists, a roof joist strengthening system was designed consisting of a tension steel plate installed along the bottom of the existing joists with bolted side plate connections. An experimental program was conducted at the University of Manitoba to assess the viability of the reinforcement design. A tot
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45

Packer, Jeffery A., J. E. Henderson, and Jaap Wardenier. "Load and Resistance Factor Design of Welded Box Section Trusses." Engineering Journal 29, no. 3 (1992): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v29i3.594.

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After the advent of Hollow Structural Sections (HSS) in Britain, experimental and theoretical studies on welded connections with square and round members took place at Sheffield University, leading to the design recommendations of Eastwood and Wood. These were quickly implemented in Canada and publicized by Stelco in the worlds first HSS connections manual. Shortly thereafter they were available to U.S. engineers in an AISI Guide. The more well known reference document in the U.S. for the design of tubular connections is Chapter 10 of AWS D1.1.5 These AWS recommendations originally evolved fro
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46

Chybiński, Marcin, and Łukasz Polus. "Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium-Timber Composite Connections with Screws and Toothed Plates." Materials 15, no. 1 (2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010068.

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This paper presents an investigation of the load-slip behaviour of aluminium-timber composite connections. Toothed plates with bolts are often used for connecting timber structural members with steel structural members. In this paper, toothed plates (C2-50/M10G, C2-50/M12G or C11-50/M12) have been used as reinforcement in aluminium-timber screwed connections for the first time. The push-out test specimens consisted of laminated veneer lumber slabs, aluminium alloy beams, and hexagon head wood screws (10 mm × 80 mm and 12 mm × 80 mm). Of the specimens, 12 additionally had toothed plates as rein
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47

Markov, V. A., and V. V. Trubnikov. "Improvement of the design and production technology of composite wood composite elements based on combined mechanical connections." Bezopasnost i okhrana truda v lesozagotovitelnom i derevoobrabatyvayuschem proizvodstvakh (Occupational Health and Safety in Logging and Woodworking Industries), no. 1 (February 12, 2025): 40–53. https://doi.org/10.33920/pro-05-2501-05.

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The theoretical dependences of the output factors of the technological process of coating using composite materials in the repair of wood machinery parts with operational parameters have been established and experimentally confirmed. It was found that the materials considered in the work are significantly less susceptible to corrosion than steel 45, from which most plain bearings are made. The adequacy of the developed mathematical model for optimizing the technological process of coating composite materials, which determines the quality of the process and the technological cost, has been expe
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48

Vogiatzis, Tzanetis, Themistoklis Tsalkatidis, and Aris Avdelas. "Steel framed structures with cross laminated timber infill shear walls and semi-rigid connections." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, no. 4 (2019): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i4.29742.

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In recent years, hybrid steel-timber structures are seeing an increasing use in modern building construction at a competitive price. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a prefabricated multi-layer engineered panel wood product, manufactured by gluing layers of solid-sawn lumber at perpendicular angles. Their orientation results in excellent structural rigidity in both orthogonal directions. CLT construction materials are used not only for flooring systems and roof assemblies, but CLT infill shear walls are also gaining a lot of interest as a promising alternative for sustainable primary lateral lo
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49

Chen, C. Y., F. A. Boudreault, A. E. Branston, and C. A. Rogers. "Behaviour of light-gauge steel-frame – wood structural panel shear walls." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 5 (2006): 573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-015.

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The second phase of the research project to develop a shear wall design method that could be used in conjunction with the 2005 National Building Code of Canada involved evaluation of the performance characteristics of the tested steel-frame – wood structural panel shear walls. A nonlinear and pinched resistance versus deflection hysteretic behaviour was exhibited, although in most cases the walls could sustain large inelastic deformation cycles with limited strength degradation. A significant amount of energy could be dissipated under reversed cyclic loading. Walls 1220 mm and 2440 mm in lengt
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Codello, Guilherme Nunes, Iuri Fazolin Fraga, Herisson Ferreira dos Santos, et al. "Influence of idealized joint models on the design of timber space frame on poles." Caderno Pedagógico 21, no. 6 (2024): e4063. http://dx.doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv21n6-110.

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The diversity of applications of wood in civil construction is remarkable, covering various structural systems. Such utilization is motivated by the growing concern for sustainability and the progressive industrialization of construction processes, coupled with its reduced carbon footprint compared to conventional materials such as concrete and steel. Wood is valued for its excellent mechanical properties, toughness, and high strength-to-density ratio, justifying its extensive use in buildings worldwide, also driven by its aesthetic and organic appeal, characteristic of timber structures. In t
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