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Journal articles on the topic 'Steels - Bake hardening. eng'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Choi, Il Dong, Sung Gyu Kang, Ji Hyun Jang, Sung Bok Lee, and Moon Hi Hong. "Effect of Copper Sulfide on the Fatigue Properties of Bake Hardening Steels." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.186.

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Bake hardening steels have to resist strain aging to prevent the yield strength increment and stretcher strain during press process and to enhance the bake hardenability during baking process after painting. The bake hardening steels need to control the solute carbon and the solute nitrogen to improve the bake hardenability. Ti and/or Nb alloying for nitride and carbide precipitation and low carbon content below 0.003% are used to solve strain aging and formability problem for automotive materials. However, in the present study, the effect of micro-precipitation of copper sulfide on the bake h

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2

PALKOWSKI, HEINZ, and ANNA BRUECK. "LOCAL USE OF BAKE HARDENING IN MULTIPHASE STEELS FOR IMPROVED PROPERTIES IN STRUCTURES AND JOINTS." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 07, no. 02 (2008): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686708001425.

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This paper investigates processes leading to local bake hardening (BH) effects in multiphase steels. The influence of the deformation path and of the temperature and duration of thermal treatments on strengthening in multiphase steels, in regard to both local and bulk properties of steel structure are investigated. Bake hardening is the ability of a metal, to harden during an annealing after forming, for example during the paint baking process in the automobile industry, delivering a post-forming strength increase of the final component. Multiphase steels such as dual phase (DP) and complex ph

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3

Wang, Hua, Wen Shi, Yan-lin He, Xiao-gang Lu, and Lin Li. "Effect of Overaging on Solute Distributions and Bake Hardening Phenomenon in Bake Hardening Steels." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 19, no. 1 (2012): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(12)60047-8.

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4

Dehghani, K., and J. J. Jonas. "Dynamic bake hardening of interstitial-free steels." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 31, no. 5 (2000): 1375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-000-0256-2.

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5

Xu, De Chao, Jun Li, Yan Dong Liu, and Xiang Wei Kong. "Bake Hardening Properties of Ultra-Rapid Annealed Ultra-Low Carbon Bake Hardening Steel." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.127.

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Ultra-rapid annealing (URA) experiments were carried out to study the effect of heating rate on the recrystallization kinetics, grain size and Bake-hardening (BH) properties of Ultra-low carbon Bake Hardening Steel annealing with different heating rates followed by gas cooling (about 100°C/s) with variation of soaking times. It was shown that the degree of grain refinement is controlled by the parameters of heating rates and soaking time of the Ultra-rapid annealing cycles. For the steels investigated, the final grain size decreases with increasing heating rate and increases with increasing so

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6

Zhang, Jicheng, Renyu Fu, Mei Zhang, Rendong Liu, Xicheng Wei, and Lin Li. "Bake hardening behavior of TRIP and DP steels." Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material 15, no. 2 (2008): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8850(08)60026-2.

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7

Wang, Hua, Wen Shi, Yan Lin He, Peng Peng Liu, and Lin Li. "Variation of solute distributions during deformation and bake hardening process and their effect on bake hardening phenomenon in ultra-low carbon bake hardening steels." Journal of Materials Science 46, no. 18 (2011): 5916–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5545-1.

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8

Uriarte, Jean Louis, A. Perlade, X. Lemoine, M. Soler, V. Ballarin, and Thierry Iung. "A Physically Based Model for Bake-Hardening Steels and Dent Resistance." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4232.

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Arcelor produces « Bake-Hardening » steels for automotive outer panels, which present the advantages of a remarkable drawability combined with a significant hardening after stamping and paint baking by the car maker. This hardening enables to increase the dent resistance of those automotive parts. In order to give easy design criterion and support the development for new “bake-hardening” steels, a physically-based model for Bake-Hardening steels has been developed. It is suitable to predict: -the physical phenomenon of strain ageing based on Cottrell atmospheres formation. A detailed descripti

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9

Baker, L. J., S. R. Daniel, and J. D. Parker. "Metallurgy and processing of ultralow carbon bake hardening steels." Materials Science and Technology 18, no. 4 (2002): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708302225002452.

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10

Palkowski, Heinz, and Anna Brück. "Use of Bake Hardening Effects to Change Local Properties of Constructional Elements." Advanced Materials Research 22 (August 2007): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.22.17.

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Within subproject A2 processes leading to local Bake Hardening (BH) effects in multiphase steels will be investigated. The characteristic values which integrally describe the Bake Hardening effect depend on the deformation path and the degree of preforming, as well as on temperature and duration of the subsequent heat treatment. The thermal stability of the induced strengthening is also determined, in order to specify the boundary conditions for thermal assembling. Thus, they can be qualified for the assembly of locally strengthened structural components.

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11

Ramazani, A., S. Bruehl, T. Gerber, W. Bleck, and U. Prahl. "Quantification of bake hardening effect in DP600 and TRIP700 steels." Materials & Design 57 (May 2014): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.01.001.

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12

Das, Sourav, Omkar Nath Mohanty, and Shiv Brat Singh. "A phenomenological model for bake hardening in minimal carbon steels." Philosophical Magazine 94, no. 18 (2014): 2046–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2014.906754.

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13

Palkowski, Heinz, and Thorsten Anke. "Calculability of the Bake Hardening Effect of Hot Rolled Multiphase Steels." steel research international 76, no. 2-3 (2005): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200505987.

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14

Thien, Nguyen Trung, Sung-Tae Hong, Moon-Jo Kim, et al. "Electrically assisted bake hardening of complex phase ultra-high strength steels." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 17, no. 2 (2016): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-016-0029-5.

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15

Ballarin, V., M. Soler, A. Perlade, X. Lemoine, and S. Forest. "Mechanisms and Modeling of Bake-Hardening Steels: Part I. Uniaxial Tension." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 40, no. 6 (2009): 1367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-9813-5.

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16

Li, Weijuan, Shengshi Zhao, Hengyi Zhang, and Xiaolong Jin. "Relationship Between Bake Hardening, Snoek-Köster and Dislocation-Enhanced Snoek Peaks in Coarse Grained Low Carbon Steel." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 3 (2016): 1723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0271.

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AbstractIn the present work, specimens prepared from coarse grained low carbon steel with different prestrains were baked and then, their bake hardening (BH) property and internal friction were determined. TEM was used to characterize the dislocation structure in BH treated samples. The measurements of internal friction in prestrained samples and baked samples were carried out using a multifunctional internal friction apparatus. The results indicate that, in coarse grained low carbon steel, the bake hardening properties (BH values) were negative, which were increased by increasing the prestrai

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17

Bui, Anh-Hoa, Minh-Hoang Nguyen, and Cao-Son Nguyen. "Bake hardening effect of the low strength interstitial free steel." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 26, no. 3 (2020): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/492.

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This paper investigates the influence of pre-strain and temperature on the bake hardening (BH) effect of the low strength interstitial free (IF) steel with the yield strength of 137 MPa. The tensile specimens were pre-strained to 2-4-6 % at room temperature followed by baking at temperatures of 150-200-250 oC for 20 minutes. The BH strength was determined by a standard procedure based on the difference between the lower yield strength of the baked specimen and the flow stress of the initial one. The microstructure of the IF steels was characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron m

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18

Timokhina, Ilana B., Elena V. Pereloma, and Peter D. Hodgson. "Effect of Initial Processing on the Microstructure-Property Relationships in Bake-Hardened C-Mn-Si TRIP Steels." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4315.

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The effect of pre-straining (PS) and bake-hardening (BH) on the microstructure and mechanical properties has been studied in C-Mn-Si TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels after: (i) thermomechanically processing (TMP) and (ii) intercritical annealing. The steels were characterised before and after PS/BH by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile tests. The main microstructural differences were the higher volume fraction of bainite and more stable retained austenite in the TMP steel. This led to a difference in the strain-hardening behavior before

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19

Bhagat, Amar Nath, Sang-Jin Baek, and Hu-Chul Lee. "A Simple Method for Prediction of Shelf Life of Bake Hardening Steels." ISIJ International 48, no. 12 (2008): 1781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.48.1781.

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20

Shan, Yao V., Mohamed Soliman, Heinz Palkowski, and Ernst Kozeschnik. "Modeling of Bake Hardening Kinetics and Carbon Redistribution in Dual‐Phase Steels." steel research international 92, no. 1 (2020): 2000307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000307.

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21

Palkowski, Heinz, and Thorsten Anke. "Bake Hardening of Hot Rolled Multiphase Steels under Biaxial Pre-strained Conditions." steel research international 77, no. 9-10 (2006): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200606446.

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22

Ballarin, V., A. Perlade, X. Lemoine, O. Bouaziz, and S. Forest. "Mechanisms and Modeling of Bake-Hardening Steels: Part II. Complex Loading Paths." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 40, no. 6 (2009): 1375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-9812-6.

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23

Pereloma, Elena V., Ilana B. Timokhina, Tim B. Hilditch, and Peter D. Hodgson. "Effect of Manufacturing Process on the Final Properties of Advanced High Strength Steels for Automotive Applications." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.148.

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The performance of multiphase steels with high strength and improved toughness or ductility, such as intercritically annealed dual-phase (DP) and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels, is of key importance to the automotive industry. In this work we have considered the entire manufacturing process and the effects of this on the final product performance. These steels are formed to produce the required final shape and then the car is paint baked. In this work we also consider the effect of cold working and bake hardening on the fatigue life of the components.

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24

Badkoobeh, Farzad, Ashkan Nouri, and Hossein Hassannejad. "The bake hardening mechanism of dual-phase silicon steels under high pre-strain." Materials Science and Engineering: A 770 (January 2020): 138544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138544.

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25

Berbenni, S., V. Favier, X. Lemoine, and M. Berveiller. "A micromechanical approach to model the bake hardening effect for low carbon steels." Scripta Materialia 51, no. 4 (2004): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.04.031.

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26

Mohrbacher, Hardy, and Christian Klinkenberg. "The Role of Niobium in Lightweight Vehicle Construction." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.679.

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Modern vehicle bodies make intensive use of high strength steel grades to improve the weight and the mechanical performance simultaneously. A broad range of medium and extra high strength steel grades is available. These steel grades have different characteristics concerning strength, formability and weldability. For many steel grades microalloying by niobium is the key to achieve their characteristic property profile. In HSLA steels niobium enhances the strength primarily by grain refinement. In interstitial free high strength steels niobium serves as a stabilizing element and also assists in

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27

Ramazani, Ali, Sonja Bruehl, Mahmoud Abbasi, Wolfgang Bleck, and Ulrich Prahl. "The Effect of Bake-Hardening Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steels." steel research international 87, no. 11 (2016): 1559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201600060.

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28

De Meyer, Marijke, Katrien De Wit, and Bruno De Cooman. "The bake hardening behaviour of electro-galvanized cold rolled CMnSi and CMnAlSi TRIP steels." Steel Research 71, no. 12 (2000): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200005723.

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29

Mihaliková, Mária, Kristína Zgodavová, Peter Bober, and Andrea Sütőová. "Prediction of Bake Hardening Behavior of Selected Advanced High Strength Automotive Steels and Hailstone Failure Discussion." Metals 9, no. 9 (2019): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9091016.

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The purpose of the present study is three-fold. Firstly, it attempts to describe the bake hardening (BH) behavior of selected interstitial free (IF) and dual phase (DP) steels. Secondly, it predicts the BH behavior of the IF DX 51D and DP 500 HCT 590X plates of steel, and thirdly studies material failure prevention in scholarly sources. The research is aimed at investigating the increasing steel strength during the BH of these two high-strength sheets of steel used for outer vehicle body parts. Samples of steel were pre-strained to 1%, 2%, and 5% and then baked at 140–220 °C for 10 to 30 min.

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30

de Meira, Rodrigo Rocha, Fabio Moreira da Silva Dias, and Jefferson Fabrício Cardoso Lins. "The influence of manganese on the bake hardening of hot dip galvanized low carbon steels." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, no. 2 (2020): 2208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.12.051.

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31

Soliman, Mohamed, and Heinz Palkowski. "Tensile properties and bake hardening response of dual phase steels with varied martensite volume fraction." Materials Science and Engineering: A 777 (March 2020): 139044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139044.

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32

Asadi, Mehdi, Nicole Schlosser, and Heinz Palkowski. "Study of Bake Hardening Effect on Laser Welded Hot Rolled Ferrite-Bainite Dual Phase Steels." steel research international 82, no. 11 (2011): 1304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201100068.

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33

Pereloma, E. V., M. K. Miller, and I. B. Timokhina. "On the Decomposition of Martensite during Bake Hardening of Thermomechanically Processed Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 39, no. 13 (2008): 3210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-008-9663-6.

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34

Khosravani, Ali, Charles M. Caliendo, and Surya R. Kalidindi. "New Insights into the Microstructural Changes During the Processing of Dual-Phase Steels from Multiresolution Spherical Indentation Stress–Strain Protocols." Metals 10, no. 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10010018.

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In this study, recently established multiresolution spherical indentation stress–strain protocols have been employed to derive new insights into the microstructural changes that occur during the processing of dual-phase (DP) steels. This is accomplished by utilizing indenter tips of different radii such that the mechanical responses can be evaluated both at the macroscale (reflecting the bulk properties of the sample) and at the microscale (reflecting the properties of the constituent phases). More specifically, nine different thermo-mechanical processing conditions involving different combina

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35

Barcellona, A., L. Cannizzaro, and D. Palmeri. "Microstructural Characterization of Thermo-Mechanical Treated TRIP Steels." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.71.

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The increasing demand for the reduction of automobiles CO2 emissions for environmental preservation leads the automotive industries towards the mechanical components weight reduction. Sheet steels with multiphase microstructures exhibit favourable combinations of strength and ductility. The so called TRIP steels have a metastable microstructure that consists of a continuous ferrite matrix containing a dispersion of hard second phases martensite and bainite. These steels also contain retained austenite, at room temperature, that represents the source of the TRansformation Induced Plasticity eff

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36

Asadi, Mehdi, and Heinz Palkowski. "Designing Local Properties of Constructional Elements by Local Use of Ageing Effects in Multiphase Steels." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3062.

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The investigations deal with processes leading to local effects of strengthening in multiphase steels, being characterized by good formability, continuous yielding, high strength and a strong bake hardening and ageing effect. Dual phase and complex phase steels are under investigation to examine the effect of thermo-mechanical processing parameters on local ageing ability and its use for designed properties. For this purpose local heat treatment by laser are studied, as well as stability of local ageing on the adjusted strength. A remarkable increase of the hardness in the heat treated zone wa

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37

Zhao, J. Z., A. K. De, and B. C. De Cooman. "A Model for the Cottrell Atmosphere Formation During Aging of Ultra Low Carbon Bake Hardening Steels." ISIJ International 40, no. 7 (2000): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.40.725.

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38

Lavaire, N., M. A. G. Soler, and Jacques Merlin. "Interest of the ThermoElectric Power Measurement for the Study of Strain Ageing in Bake Hardening Steels." Materials Science Forum 426-432 (August 2003): 1325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.426-432.1325.

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39

Ramazani, A., A. Serafeim, and U. Prahl. "Towards a micromechanical based description for strength increase in dual phase steels during bake-hardening process." Materials Science and Engineering: A 702 (August 2017): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.07.017.

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40

Larour, Patrick, Kirsten Dahmen, and Wolfgang Bleck. "Influence of Pre-Straining and Bake Hardening on the Strain Rate Sensitivity of Automotive Sheet Steels." steel research international 82, no. 6 (2011): 658–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201000204.

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41

Jeong, Young Ung, Frédéric Barlat, and Myoung Gyu Lee. "Crystal Plasticity Predictions of Forward-Reverse Simple Shear Flow Stress." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.204.

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The flow stress behavior of a bake-hardenable steel during a few simple shear cycles is investigated using a crystal plasticity model. The simple shear test provides a stable way to reverse the loading direction. Stress reversals were accompanied with a lower yield stress, i.e., the Bauschinger effect, followed by a transient hardening stage with a plateau region and, permanent softening. The origins of these three distinct stages are discussed using a crystal plasticity model. To this end, the representative discrete grain set is tuned to capture such behavior by coupling slip system hardenin

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42

Bleck, Wolfgang. "New insights into the properties of high-manganese steel." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 28, no. 5 (2021): 782–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2166-1.

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AbstractIn the Collaborative Research Centre 761’s “Steel ab initio - quantum mechanics guided design of new Fe based materials,” scientists and engineers from RWTH Aachen University and the Max Planck Institute for Iron Research conducted research on mechanism-controlled material development with a particular focus on high-manganese alloyed steels. From 2007 to 2019, a total of 55 partial projects and four transfer projects with industrial participation (some running until 2021) have studied material and process design as well as material characterization. The basic idea of the Collaborative

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43

Asadi, Mehdi, and Heinz Palkowski. "Influence of the Hot Rolling Process on the Mechanical Behaviour of Martensitic Steel." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.653.

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The increased demand for advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) is driven mainly by the need of the automotive industry to reduce weight and to improve safety. Beside good ductility and high strength, those steels have a high bake hardening (BH) effect, giving additional contribution to the strength of structural parts, subjected to the paint baking process. In this paper results are presented gained from hot rolled martenstitic steels. For the simulation of changing conditions within the final hot rolling process the specimens were hot deformed using different schedules changing reductions and

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44

Kang, Seonggeu, Jinyong Kim, Ildong Choi, Sungbok Lee, and Moonhi Hong. "Effect of Fine Copper Sulfides on the High Cycle Fatigue Properties of Bake Hardening Steels for Automotive." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 49, no. 03 (2011): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2011.49.3.203.

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45

Timokhina, I. B., P. D. Hodgson, and E. V. Pereloma. "Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of the Bake-Hardening Behavior of Transformation-Induced Plasticity and Dual-Phase Steels." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 38, no. 10 (2007): 2442–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9258-7.

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46

Takahashi, M., A. Uenishi, H. Yoshida, and H. Kuriyama. "Advanced High Strength Steels for Automobile Body Structures." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4386.

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There has been a big demand for increased vehicle safety and weight reduction of auto-bodies. An extensive use of high strength steels is one of the ways to answer the requirement. Since the crashworthiness is improved by applications of higher strength steels to crashworthiness conscious structural components, various types of advanced high strength steels have been developed. The crash energy during frontal collisions is absorbed by the buckling and bending deformations of thin wall tube structures of the crushable zone of auto-bodies. In the case of side collision, on the other hand, a limi

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47

Cardoso, M. C., Luciano Pessanha Moreira, and M. C. S. Freitas. "Elasto-Plastic Modeling of the Limit Strains in Metallic Sheets." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.532.

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In this work, the model of Marciniak and Kuczynski, hereafter referred to as the M-K model, was extended to account for the elastic strains to forecast the Forming Limit Curve (FLC) of metallic sheets. The return mapping algorithm is adopted where an elastic predictor step is performed with the generalized Hooke’s law and the plastic correction step is performed assuming the isotropic work-hardening together with the associated flow rule. The current M-K model predicted quite well both experimental and rigid-plastic results obtained for an IF steel sheet. Also, the principal stresses predicted

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48

Kuang, C. F., J. Li, S. G. Zhang, J. Wang, H. F. Liu, and A. A. Volinsky. "Effects of quenching and tempering on the microstructure and bake hardening behavior of ferrite and dual phase steels." Materials Science and Engineering: A 613 (September 2014): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.06.100.

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49

Timokhina, Ilana B., E. V. Pereloma, S. P. Ringer, R. K. Zheng, and P. D. Hodgson. "Characterization of the Bake-hardening Behavior of Transformation Induced Plasticity and Dual-phase Steels Using Advanced Analytical Techniques." ISIJ International 50, no. 4 (2010): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.50.574.

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50

Wang, Hua, Naqiong Zhu, Wen Shi, Lin Li, and Rendong Liu. "Effect of Mn and P on precipitation behavior and solute distribution in ultra-low carbon bake hardening steels." Journal of Materials Science 46, no. 9 (2010): 2982–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-5175-z.

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