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Journal articles on the topic 'STEEP PROBABILITY'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Strauch, Ronda, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Sai Siddhartha Nudurupati, Christina Bandaragoda, Nicole M. Gasparini, and Gregory E. Tucker. "A hydroclimatological approach to predicting regional landslide probability using Landlab." Earth Surface Dynamics 6, no. 1 (2018): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-49-2018.

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Abstract. We develop a hydroclimatological approach to the modeling of regional shallow landslide initiation that integrates spatial and temporal dimensions of parameter uncertainty to estimate an annual probability of landslide initiation based on Monte Carlo simulations. The physically based model couples the infinite-slope stability model with a steady-state subsurface flow representation and operates in a digital elevation model. Spatially distributed gridded data for soil properties and vegetation classification are used for parameter estimation of probability distributions that character

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Kwasniok, Frank. "Semiparametric maximum likelihood probability density estimation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (2021): e0259111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259111.

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A comprehensive methodology for semiparametric probability density estimation is introduced and explored. The probability density is modelled by sequences of mostly regular or steep exponential families generated by flexible sets of basis functions, possibly including boundary terms. Parameters are estimated by global maximum likelihood without any roughness penalty. A statistically orthogonal formulation of the inference problem and a numerically stable and fast convex optimization algorithm for its solution are presented. Automatic model selection over the type and number of basis functions

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Anees, M. T., K. Abdullah, M. N. M. Nawawi, N. A. N. Norulaini, M. I. Syakir, and A. K. M. Omar. "Soil erosion analysis by RUSLE and sediment yield models using remote sensing and GIS in Kelantan state, Peninsular Malaysia." Soil Research 56, no. 4 (2018): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17193.

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The present study used pixel-based soil erosion analysis through Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and a sediment yield model. The main motive of this study is to find soil erosion probability zones and accordingly prioritise watersheds using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques in Kelantan state, Peninsular Malaysia. The catchment was divided into 82 watersheds and soil loss of the catchment was calculated. Soil loss and sediment yield were divided into five categories ranging from very low to very high. Maximum area of the very high soil-loss category

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Zhang, Jing, Lei Wan, Yan-Ling Dong, and Li-Xin Xie. "Outcomes of different lines of keratoconus management in a tertiary eye center in north China." International Journal of Ophthalmology 15, no. 4 (2022): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2022.04.07.

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AIM: To evaluate the treatment selections and outcomes of keratoconus and discuss the grading treatment of keratoconus. METHODS: Medical records of 1162 patients (1863 eyes) with keratoconus treated with rigid gas permeable (RGP), corneal collagen crosslinking, and keratoplasty were reviewed. The patients were grouped according to the CLEK Study. The advanced group was further divided into a &#x003C;60 D group and &#x003E;60 D group. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and topographic data before and after treatment were recorded. RESULTS: In the 761 eyes with steep K&#x003C;52

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Tolaney, Sara M., Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Julia White, et al. "Updated Standardized Definitions for Efficacy End Points (STEEP) in Adjuvant Breast Cancer Clinical Trials: STEEP Version 2.0." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 24 (2021): 2720–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.03613.

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PURPOSE The Standardized Definitions for Efficacy End Points (STEEP) criteria, established in 2007, provide standardized definitions of adjuvant breast cancer clinical trial end points. Given the evolution of breast cancer clinical trials and improvements in outcomes, a panel of experts reviewed the STEEP criteria to determine whether modifications are needed. METHODS We conducted systematic searches of ClinicalTrials.gov for adjuvant systemic and local-regional therapy trials for breast cancer to investigate if the primary end points reported met STEEP criteria. On the basis of common STEEP d

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Tromans, Peter S., and Luc Vanderschuren. "A Spectral Response Surface Method for Calculating Crest Elevation Statistics." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 126, no. 1 (2004): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1641390.

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The statistics of wave crest elevation in a random, directionally spread sea are calculated using a novel approach. The nonlinearity of steep waves is modelled to second order using Sharma and Dean kinematics and a spectral response surface method is used to deduce the crest elevation corresponding to a given probability of exceedance. The spectral response surface method works in the probability domain, making it several times faster than conventional time domain simulation of random waves. However, the results from the two methods show good agreement. As expected, nonlinearity makes extreme

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Morelli, Federico Guglielmo, Michael Benzaquen, Marco Tarzia, and Jean-Philippe Bouchaud. "Confidence collapse in a multihousehold, self-reflexive DSGE model." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 17 (2020): 9244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912280117.

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We investigate a multihousehold dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in which past aggregate consumption impacts the confidence, and therefore consumption propensity, of individual households. We find that such a minimal setup is extremely rich and leads to a variety of realistic output dynamics: high output with no crises; high output with increased volatility and deep, short-lived recessions; and alternation of high- and low-output states where a relatively mild drop in economic conditions can lead to a temporary confidence collapse and steep decline in economic activity. The

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Taszarek, Mateusz, Harold E. Brooks, and Bartosz Czernecki. "Sounding-Derived Parameters Associated with Convective Hazards in Europe." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 4 (2017): 1511–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0384.1.

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Abstract Observed proximity soundings from Europe are used to highlight how well environmental parameters discriminate different kind of severe thunderstorm hazards. In addition, the skill of parameters in predicting lightning and waterspouts is also tested. The research area concentrates on central and western European countries and the years 2009–15. In total, 45 677 soundings are analyzed including 169 associated with extremely severe thunderstorms, 1754 with severe thunderstorms, 8361 with nonsevere thunderstorms, and 35 393 cases with nonzero convective available potential energy (CAPE) t

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Magnin, Florence, Bernd Etzelmüller, Sebastian Westermann, Ketil Isaksen, Paula Hilger, and Reginald L. Hermanns. "Permafrost distribution in steep rock slopes in Norway: measurements, statistical modelling and implications for geomorphological processes." Earth Surface Dynamics 7, no. 4 (2019): 1019–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-1019-2019.

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Abstract. Permafrost in steep rock slopes has been increasingly studied since the early 2000s in conjunction with a growing number of rock slope failures, which likely resulted from permafrost degradation. In Norway, rock slope destabilization is a widespread phenomenon and a major source of risk for the population and infrastructure. However, a lack of precise knowledge of the permafrost distribution in steep slopes hinders the assessment of its role in these destabilizations. This study proposes the first nationwide permafrost probability map for the steep slopes of Norway (CryoWall map). It

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Gallach-SÃ¡nchez, David, Peter Troch, and Andreas Kortenhaus. "AVERAGE AND WAVE-BY-WAVE OVERTOPPING PERFORMANCE OF STEEP LOW-CRESTED STRUCTURES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.papers.77.

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Wave overtopping is a key process in coastal protection. The assessment of the wave overtopping rates is an important aspect in the design of coastal structures. In this paper, the focus is on steep low-crested structures, which include structures with steep slopes up to the limit case with vertical structures, with small relative freeboards up to the case with zero freeboards. This type of structures is of use for coastal protection in the case of sea level rise within climate change process and for overtopping wave energy converters. A literature review of the overtopping knowledge available

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Hassairi, A., and A. Masmoudi. "Extension of the variance function of a steep exponential family." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 92, no. 2 (2005): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2003.09.010.

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Grant, Gerold C., Paul Radomski, and Charles S. Anderson. "Using underwater video to directly estimate gear selectivity: the retention probability for walleye (Sander vitreus) in gill nets." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 2 (2004): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-166.

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We developed a new approach for directly quantifying selection parameters for fishing gear using a dual underwater video camera apparatus and employed the method to estimate gill net retention probability for walleye (Sander vitreus). The method allows observation of fish behavior around fishing gear and estimation of the absolute probability of fish encountering, contacting, or being retained by the gear. We demonstrated the applicability of this method by quantifying the probability that walleye were retained in multifilament nylon gill nets after contacting the nets. Walleye with total leng

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Tao, Hongliang, Guangli Xu, Jingwen Meng, Ronghe Ma, and Jiaxing Dong. "Stability Assessment of High and Steep Cutting Rock Slopes with the SSPC Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 20, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8889526.

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The stability of high rock slopes has become a key engineering geological problem in the construction of important projects in mountainous areas. The original slope stability probability classification (SSPC) system, presented by Hack, has made obvious progress and been widely used in rock slope stability analysis. However, the selection and determination of some evaluation indexes in the original SSPC method are usually subjective, such as intact rock strength and weathering degree. In this study, the SSPC method based on geological data obtained in the prospecting tunnels was presented and a

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Tiwari, Ram Chandra, and Netra Prakash Bhandary. "Stochastic Finite Element Analysis of Root-Reinforcement Effects in Long and Steep Slopes." Geotechnics 3, no. 3 (2023): 829–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics3030045.

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This article introduces a novel numerical scheme within the finite element method (FEM) to study soil heterogeneity, specifically focusing on the root–soil matrix in fracture treatments. Material properties, such as Young’s modulus of elasticity, cohesion, and the friction angle, are considered as randomly distributed variables. To address the inherent uncertainty associated with these distributions, a Monte Carlo simulation is employed. By incorporating the uncertainties related to material properties, particularly the root component that contributes to soil heterogeneity, this article provid

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Meigs, Garrett W., Christopher J. Dunn, Sean A. Parks, and Meg A. Krawchuk. "Influence of topography and fuels on fire refugia probability under varying fire weather conditions in forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 7 (2020): 636–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0406.

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Fire refugia — locations that burn less severely or less frequently than surrounding areas — support late-successional and old-growth forest structure and function. This study investigates the influence of topography and fuels on the probability of forest fire refugia under varying fire weather conditions. We focused on recent large fires in Oregon and Washington, United States (n = 39 fires > 400 ha, 2004–2014). Our objectives were to (1) map fire refugia as a component of the burn severity gradient, (2) quantify the predictability of fire refugia as a function of prefire fuels and topogra

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Hardin, Jill, Suzan L. Carmichael, Steve Selvin, and Gary M. Shaw. "Trends in the Probability of Twins and Males in California, 1983–2003." Twin Research and Human Genetics 12, no. 1 (2009): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.12.1.93.

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AbstractThis study examines the probability of twins by birth year, maternal race–ethnicity, age, and parity and the influences of these demographic factors on the probability of male in twins and singletons in a large, racially diverse population. Recent publications note steep increases in twin births while the probability of male births has been reported to vary by parental race–ethnicity and age and birth order. Probability of male stratified by plurality has not been investigated in California prior to this study. Cubic spline estimates and Poisson regression techniques were employed to d

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Li, Liang-Liang, and Xiao-Fang Wang. "Analytical model for scattering effect of energetic charged-particle beam on radiography in steep density gradient region." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 11 (2022): 115201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.70.20212269.

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Energetic charged-particle beams produced from ultrashort ultra-intense laser plasma interactions play a vital role in charged-particle radiography. When such an energetic beam penetrates through a foil target, its energy loss is negligible, and the main physics process is small-angle scattering. owing to this scattering effect, charged-particle radiography of a target with a transversely distributed steep density gradient region will produce a modulation structure in the fluence distribution on the detection plane, which can be used to diagnose the steep density gradient region. In the past,

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18

Roeber, Volker, Henrik Kalisch, and Francesco Lagona. "EXTREME WAVE RUN-UP ON STEEP ROCK SHORES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 38 (May 29, 2025): 16. https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v38.currents.16.

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Rock coasts generally pose a greater risk to humans than sand or pebble beaches due to slippery conditions. This risk is particularly high where the sea floor slopes up steeply towards the shore due the sudden and unexpected appearance of large waves, which seem completely out of proportion when compared to sea conditions visible to an observer. Such waves may suddenly flood a large portion of the rocks, potentially knocking by-standers off their feet and washing them into the sea during the back rush. It is well established in the local lore on the Norwegian west coast that sudden large run-u

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Dahle, E. Aa, D. Myrhaug, and S. J. Dahl. "Probability of capsizing in steep and high waves from the side in open sea and coastal." Ocean Engineering 15, no. 2 (1988): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(88)90025-x.

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Victor, L., J. W. van der Meer, and P. Troch. "Probability distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes for smooth impermeable steep slopes with low crest freeboards." Coastal Engineering 64 (June 2012): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.003.

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21

Gemmrich, J., and C. Garrett. "Dynamical and statistical explanations of observed occurrence rates of rogue waves." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 5 (2011): 1437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1437-2011.

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Abstract. Extreme surface waves occur in the tail of the probability distribution. Their occurrence rate can be displayed effectively by plotting ln(–ln P), where P is the probability of the wave or crest height exceeding a particular value, against the logarithm of that value. A Weibull distribution of the exceedance probability, as proposed in a standard model, then becomes a straight line. Earlier North Sea data from an oil platform suggest a curved plot, with a higher occurrence rate of extreme wave and crest heights than predicted by the standard model. The curvature is not accounted for

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Hu, Bo-yi, Xin-min Wang, Shuai Li, Jian-wen Zhao, and Nyandwe Musonda Eugénie. "Stability Analysis and Confidence Level Evaluation of Backfill Mining under High and Steep Rock Slopes." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (October 21, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3029796.

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To extract the 6.3 million tons of high-quality phosphate resources, a stability analysis and confidence level evaluation of backfill mining under high and steep rock slopes (HSRS) were conducted using the Slide software and a Monte Carlo simulation. The geological model of HSRS was constructed based on a geotechnical investigation. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to obtain the engineering parameters of the rock mass, and the mechanism of action of the backfill mining method was analyzed. After the stability analysis, the average safety factors of HSRS for normal operation are 1.57

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Krishna, Gopal, H. Steppe, T. Ghosh, and L. Saripalli. "A statistical analysis of the radio properties of a large sample of 374 optically selected quasars." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 119 (1986): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900152404.

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Using a large, unbiased sample of 374 optically selected QSOs, of which 54 are radio detected, we have computed for different redshift ranges the probability distribution function φ (R) of R defined as the ratio of monochromatic luminosities at 15 GHz and 2500 Å in the QSO's rest frame. A significant variation of φ (R) with redshift is noticed. At small redshifts (z < 0.5), the distinctive feature of φ (R) is a peak near R∼102, arising due to the QSOs having steep radio spectrum(αr<−0.5).

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Wu, Chun-Yi, and Yen-Chu Yeh. "A Landslide Probability Model Based on a Long-Term Landslide Inventory and Rainfall Factors." Water 12, no. 4 (2020): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12040937.

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The prediction and advanced warning of landslide hazards in large-scale areas must deal with a large amount of uncertainty, therefore a growing number of studies are using stochastic models to analyze the probability of landslide occurrences. In this study, we used a modified Thiessen’s polygon method to divide the research area into several rain gauge control areas, and divided the control areas into slope units reflecting the topographic characteristics to enhance the spatial resolution of a landslide probability model. We used a 2000–2015 long-term landslide inventory, daily rainfall, and e

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Mishel, Emma, Paula England, Jessie Ford, and Mónica L. Caudillo. "Cohort Increases in Sex with Same-Sex Partners: Do Trends Vary by Gender, Race, and Class?" Gender & Society 34, no. 2 (2020): 178–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243219897062.

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We examine change across U.S. cohorts born between 1920 and 2000 in their probability of having had sex with same-sex partners in the last year and since age 18. Using data from the 1988–2018 General Social Surveys, we explore how trends differ by gender, race, and class background. We find steep increases across birth cohorts in the proportion of women who have had sex with both men and women since age 18, whereas increases for men are less steep. We suggest that the trends reflect an increasingly accepting social climate, and that women’s steeper trend is rooted in a long-term asymmetry in g

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Innes, J. L. "Textural properties of regoliths on vegetated steep slopes in upland regions, Scotland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 77, no. 3 (1986): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300010877.

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ABSTRACTThe textural properties of many sediments provide a good indication of their provenance, but surprisingly little information is available on the transitional stages between the breakdown of a rock and the incorporation of the material into a fluvial sediment. These transitional stages are important as certain fractions (particularly the finer ones) may be selectively removed. Regoliths developed on steep slopes represent an early stage in the debris cascade and they are here examined in detail to assess the role of parent lithology on the textural properties of the regolith. There are

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Nakaya, Junko, Kazunari Sako, Shunsuke Mitsutani, and Ryoichi Fukagawa. "Hydrological Environment in Subsurface Steep Slope - Groundwater Flow Passageway on Slope Behind Kiyomizudera -." Journal of Disaster Research 6, no. 1 (2011): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2011.p0080.

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The hydrological environment must be understood before water flow can be adequately controlled to prevent slope failure without impacting unduly on the hydrological mountain slope environment. We conducted field studies to determine current sites and measurement of ground temperature 1 meter deep to clarify groundwater flow passageways on the slope behind the cultural heritage temple Kiyomizudera in Kyoto. Results showed anomalous temperature 1 meter deep bands on the slope and several springs that are extensions of these bands. Several of these bands coincide with terrain deformations such as

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Zhao, Yifei, Jingru Li, and Xinzhi Ying. "Study on Risk of Long-Steep Downgrade Sections of Expressways Based on a Fuzzy Hierarchy Comprehensive Evaluation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (2022): 5924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125924.

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The long-steep downgrade sections of expressways are characterized by a large elevation difference, poor horizontal and vertical alignment, and the easy failure of brakes on large trucks. They are sections with a high overall operation safety risk. It is necessary to strengthen the research on traffic risk evaluation. In order to study the traffic safety risks of long-steep downgrade parts of expressways, the fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation method is used to establish the calculation model. First, an evaluation index system including the target level, rule level, first-level index

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Kupferschmid Albisetti, Andrea D., Peter Brang, Walter Schönenberger, and Harald Bugmann. "Decay of Picea abies snag stands on steep mountain slopes." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 2 (2003): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79247-2.

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In a 30-ha Picea abies mountain forest in the Swiss Alps, almost all trees were killed by bark beetles (Ips typographus) between 1992 and 1996. Snag decay was studied using full-callipering within transects, and the height of lying logs above ground level was studied using the line intersect method. None of the dead trees had been uprooted, but 75% were found broken in 2000. The probability of snag breakage was independent of both tree diameter and time since stand death, but 28% of the snags broke close to the ground during a storm in December 1999. The log sections that were not in direct co

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Goda, Gopi Shah, John B. Shoven, and Sita Nataraj Slavov. "What Explains Changes in Retirement Plans during the Great Recession?" American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (2011): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.29.

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We examine changes in subjective probabilities regarding retirement between the 2006 and 2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Using a first-difference approach to eliminate individual heterogeneity, we find that the steep drop in asset prices in 2008 increased the reported probability of working at age 62 during the Great Recession. Increasing unemployment at least partly attenuated this effect, but subjective probabilities of working did not respond to changes in housing markets. Older workers' probabilities of working were more sensitive to fluctuations in the stock market, but les

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Arnadottir, Audur Thora, Gudmundur F. Ulfarsson, and Sungyop Kim. "Single-vehicle injury crashes on rural roads in Iceland: contribution of unforgiving roadsides to fatal and serious injuries of vehicle occupants." Traffic Safety Research 9 (January 24, 2025): e000083. https://doi.org/10.55329/bkrk9175.

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About 50% of the most severe crashes on rural roads in Iceland are run-off-road crashes. Many existing roads were designed before the concept of forgiving roadsides became prevailing in road design in Iceland. This research aimed to find the roadside elements that significantly increase the probability of high severity of single-vehicle injury crashes compared to low severity crashes on rural roads to prioritize safety improvements under limited budgets. In this research, 712 police records on single-vehicle injury crashes on rural state roads in Iceland in 2016–2018 were investigated. Crash d

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Ha, Dong Hee, and Kyoung Woo Kim. "Corneal steep island formation after primary pterygium surgery." PLOS ONE 19, no. 11 (2024): e0313958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313958.

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Aims This study aimed to report corneal steep island (CSI) formation following primary pterygium surgery and to identify preoperative pterygium morphological features that predict the likelihood of CSI. Methods A total of 93 eyes from 84 subjects with primary nasal pterygium, who underwent pterygium excision combined with conjunctival-limbal autograft, were included in this retrospective longitudinal cohort study. CSI was defined using anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography (AS SS-OCT). Eyes were divided into two groups: those with postoperative CSI formation (Group 1) and

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Morse, Bruce W., and Herbert M. Kulman. "A Method of Hazard-Rating White Spruce Plantations For Yellowheaded Spruce Sawfly Defoliation." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 3 (1986): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.3.104.

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Abstract A hazard-rating model for defoliation by the yellowheaded spruce sawfly was developed and validated using 25 white spruce plantations in north central Minnesota. The dependent variable was degree of defoliation, and the independent variables, as measured from small-format aerial photographs, were steepness and slope aspect. The site characteristics and defoliation were correlated using a maximum likelihood logistic regression. The final model determined that steep, south-facing slopes had the highest probability of sawfly-caused defoliation. Identification of high-hazard sites should

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Parisien, Marc-André, Gregg R. Walker, John M. Little, Brian N. Simpson, Xianli Wang, and Daniel D. B. Perrakis. "Considerations for modeling burn probability across landscapes with steep environmental gradients: an example from the Columbia Mountains, Canada." Natural Hazards 66, no. 2 (2012): 439–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0495-8.

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Kopta, Daniel. "Impact of the structure of agricultural production to the financial health of farms." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072317.

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The first part of the paper deals with the influence of individual commodities on the profitability and risks of farms. Production structure was given thought share of twelve basic crops in total agricultural production yield. Volume of accumulated profit for five-year income was chosen as viability criterion. The research did not show that specialization in one of the commodities had significantly influenced achieved profitability. The only exception is the production of milk, which clearly lead to lower profitability. Production structure determined the risk of farms. Farms were constantly t

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Xie, Zhen Hua, Dong Yang, Sha Sha Liang, and Zhi Yun Jia. "Research on Number of High-Pressure Grouting of Hierarchical Multiple for Slope Based on Reliability Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.363.

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The technology of hierarchical multiple high-pressure grouting is an effective approach to manage high and steep slope of broken rock mass. The number of grouting is one of the key parameters of this technology. By the analysis of mechanics and grouting theory, the anchoring effect mainly is affected by anchor slurry vein and the contact area with rock mass. Based on the system analysis of slurry vein development for first time and many times high-pressure grouting, the process flow for hierarchical multiple high-pressure grouting is put forward. Serve the rock permeability changes before and

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Benevides, P., J. Catalao, and P. M. A. Miranda. "On the inclusion of GPS precipitable water vapour in the nowcasting of rainfall." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 12 (2015): 2605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2605-2015.

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Abstract. The temporal behaviour of precipitable water vapour (PWV) retrieved from GPS delay data is analysed in a number of case studies of intense precipitation in the Lisbon area, in the period 2010–2012 and in a continuous annual cycle of 2012 observations. Such behaviour is found to correlate positively with the probability of precipitation, especially in cases of severe rainfall. The evolution of the GPS PWV in a few stations is analysed by a least-squares fitting of a broken line tendency, made by a temporal sequence of ascents and descents over the data. It is found that most severe ra

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Benevides, P., J. Catalao, and P. M. A. Miranda. "On the inclusion of GPS precipitable water vapour in the nowcasting of rainfall." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 6 (2015): 3861–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-3861-2015.

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Abstract. The temporal behaviour of Precipitable Water Vapour (PWV) retrieved from GPS delay data is analysed in a number of case studies of intense precipitation in the Lisbon area, in the period 2010–2012, and in a continuous annual cycle of 2012 observations. Such behaviour is found to correlate positively with the probability of precipitation, especially in cases of severe rainfall. The evolution of the GPS PWV in a few stations is analysed by a least-squares fitting of a broken line tendency, made by a temporal sequence of ascents and descents over the data. It is found that most severe r

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Zhao-Guo, Chen. "Consistent estimates for hidden frequencies in a linear process." Advances in Applied Probability 20, no. 2 (1988): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427391.

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Traditional methods for detecting the hidden frequencies in white or coloured noise is based on the distribution of periodogram ordinates Ι (2πj/N) and hypothesis testing. The power is low when a hidden frequency falls midway between two 2nj/N and it is difficult to discuss the consistency of the procedures. Using theorems on almost sure convergence of the periodogram, this paper offers a procedure for detecting and estimating the hidden frequencies, and discusses the consistency and the rates of convergence. Simulation shows very good results, when the spectrum of the noise is not too steep.

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Zhao-Guo, Chen. "Consistent estimates for hidden frequencies in a linear process." Advances in Applied Probability 20, no. 02 (1988): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800016980.

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Traditional methods for detecting the hidden frequencies in white or coloured noise is based on the distribution of periodogram ordinates Ι (2πj/N) and hypothesis testing. The power is low when a hidden frequency falls midway between two 2nj/N and it is difficult to discuss the consistency of the procedures. Using theorems on almost sure convergence of the periodogram, this paper offers a procedure for detecting and estimating the hidden frequencies, and discusses the consistency and the rates of convergence. Simulation shows very good results, when the spectrum of the noise is not too steep.

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Collins, L., R. A. Bradstock, and T. D. Penman. "Can precipitation influence landscape controls on wildfire severity? A case study within temperate eucalypt forests of south-eastern Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, no. 1 (2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12184.

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The environmental, economic and social impacts of wildfires depend on spatial patterns of fire severity. An understanding as to how drivers of fire severity vary across broad vegetation communities exists. However, examination of variation within communities in response to gradients of moisture has received little attention so far. This study examined whether relationships between environmental variables (i.e. fire weather, topography and fuel age) and fire severity were modified by increasing mean annual precipitation. Understorey fires were more likely to occur in young fuels (i.e. <5 yea

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Shemer, L. "On Benjamin-Feir instability and evolution of a nonlinear wave with finite-amplitude sidebands." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 11 (2010): 2421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2421-2010.

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Abstract. In the past decade it became customary to relate the probability of appearance of extremely steep (the so-called freak, or rogue waves) to the value of the Benjamin-Feir Index (BFI) that represents the ratio of wave nonlinearity to the spectral width. This ratio appears naturally in the cubic Schrödinger equation that describes evolution of unidirectional narrow-banded wave field. The notion of this index stems from the Benjamin-Feir linear stability analysis of Stokes wave. The application of BFI to evaluate the evolution of wave fields, with non-vanishing amplitudes of sideband dis

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Rossi, Fernando, Johannes Breidenbach, Stefano Puliti, Rasmus Astrup, and Bruce Talbot. "Assessing Harvested Sites in a Forested Boreal Mountain Catchment through Global Forest Watch." Remote Sensing 11, no. 5 (2019): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11050543.

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Global Forest Watch (GFW) provides a global map of annual forest cover loss (FCL) produced from Landsat imagery, offering a potentially powerful tool for monitoring changes in forest cover. In managed forests, FCL primarily provides information on commercial harvesting. A semi-autonomous method for providing data on the location and attributes of harvested sites at a landscape level was developed which could significantly improve the basis for catchment management, including risk mitigation. FCL in combination with aerial images was used for detecting and characterising harvested sites in a 16

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Jahanfar, Ali, Mohsen Amirmojahedi, Bahram Gharabaghi, Brajesh Dubey, Edward McBean, and Dinesh Kumar. "A novel risk assessment method for landfill slope failure: Case study application for Bhalswa Dumpsite, India." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 3 (2017): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16686412.

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Rapid population growth of major urban centres in many developing countries has created massive landfills with extraordinary heights and steep side-slopes, which are frequently surrounded by illegal low-income residential settlements developed too close to landfills. These extraordinary landfills are facing high risks of catastrophic failure with potentially large numbers of fatalities. This study presents a novel method for risk assessment of landfill slope failure, using probabilistic analysis of potential failure scenarios and associated fatalities. The conceptual framework of the method in

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Ardissino, Gianluigi, Sara Testa, Valeria Daccò, et al. "Puberty is associated with increased deterioration of renal function in patients with CKD: data from the ItalKid Project." Archives of Disease in Childhood 97, no. 10 (2012): 885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2011-300685.

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ObjectiveTo analyse the timing of end stage renal disease in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingA nationwide registry (ItalKid Project) collecting information on all patients with CKD aged <20 years.Patients935 children with CKD secondary to renal hypodysplasia with or without urologic malformation. In a subgroup of patients (n=40) detailed pubertal staging was analysed in relation to CKD progression.Main outcome measuresKidney survival (KS) was estimated using renal replacement therapy (RRT) as the end-point. Puberty was staged by identi

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Roeva, Olympia, Gergana Roeva, and Elena Chorukova. "Crow Search Algorithm for Modelling an Anaerobic Digestion Process: Algorithm Parameter Influence." Mathematics 12, no. 15 (2024): 2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12152317.

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Corn steep liquor is a waste product from the process of treating corn grain for starch extraction. It is used as a substrate in anaerobic digestion with simultaneous hydrogen and methane production in a cascade of two anaerobic bioreactors. For process research and optimisation, adequate mathematical models are required. So, the authors aim to present a high-quality model of the corn steep liquor process for the sequential production of H2 and CH4. This paper proposes a technique for identifying the best mathematical model of the process using the metaheuristics crow search algorithm (CSA). T

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KRIEGLER, ELMAR, MASSIMO TAVONI, TINO ABOUMAHBOUB, et al. "WHAT DOES THE 2°C TARGET IMPLY FOR A GLOBAL CLIMATE AGREEMENT IN 2020? THE LIMITS STUDY ON DURBAN PLATFORM SCENARIOS." Climate Change Economics 04, no. 04 (2013): 1340008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007813400083.

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This paper provides a novel and comprehensive model-based assessment of possible outcomes of the Durban Platform negotiations with a focus on emissions reduction requirements, the consistency with the 2°C target and global economic impacts. The Durban Platform scenarios investigated in the LIMITS study — all assuming the implementation of comprehensive global emission reductions after 2020, but assuming different 2020 emission reduction levels as well as different long-term concentration targets — exhibit a probability of exceeding the 2°C limit of 22–41% when reaching 450 (450–480) ppm CO 2 e

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Hryhorets, Maksym, Oleksandr Tkachuk, Adjai Kutniy, Serhii Volkov, Daria Chepiga, and Serhii Podkopaiev. "ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF LOSS OF STABILITY OF A SLOPE DRIFT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STEEP COAL SEAMS." JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute 53, no. 2 (2023): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2023-2-26-40.

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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the risk of loss of stability of the preparatory mine workings in order to adjust measures to prevent hazards and their consequences in the excavation areas of a coal mine with steep seams.. Method. An integrated approach was used, including: analysis and synthesis of known studies, expert evaluation, application of the basic principles of probability theory, processing, analysis and interpretation of the results. Results. During the examination of 7 objects (excavation sites), the a priori ranking identified significant factors that affect the

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Baral, Hem Sagar, Tek Raj Bhatt, Bed Kumar Dhakal, et al. "Decline of White-throated Bushchat Saxicola insignis Gray J.E. & J.R. Gray, 1847 (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae) in Nepal: implications on its global status." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 3 (2021): 17847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6077.13.3.17847-17855.

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The White-throated Bushchat, also known as Hodgson’s Bushchat, is a long-distance migratory and specialist grassland bird categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. In Nepal, White-throated Bushchat winters in the lowlands, and has been primarily recorded in large Phantas (=open plains of grassland). We present the population status of the species in Shukla Phanta, the largest continuous lowland grassland in Nepal that is known to hold the largest wintering population of White-throated Bushchat in the Indian subcontinent. Our 2013–2014, 2016–2017, and 2017–2018 winter surveys for White-th

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Xie, Lai-Hua, Scott A. John, and James N. Weiss. "Spermine Block of the Strong Inward Rectifier Potassium Channel Kir2.1." Journal of General Physiology 120, no. 1 (2002): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028576.

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Inward rectification in strong inward rectifiers such as Kir2.1 is attributed to voltage-dependent block by intracellular polyamines and Mg2+. Block by the polyamine spermine has a complex voltage dependence with shallow and steep components and complex concentration dependence. To understand the mechanism, we measured macroscopic Kir2.1 currents in excised inside-out giant patches from Xenopus oocytes expressing Kir2.1, and single channel currents in the inside-out patches from COS7 cells transfected with Kir2.1. We found that as spermine concentration or voltage increased, the shallow voltag

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