Journal articles: 'Steering calculation'

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Sharipov, V. M., M. Yu Esenovskiy-Lashkov, and E. V. Klimova. "Design and calculation of hydrostatic steering." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66870.

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Hydrostatic steering is widespread in the construction of modern tractors. In recent years, it began to apply in designs of haulage trucks and high-speed crawler vehicles. This steering allows for the free arrangement of its main units, simplifies the design, reduces the material consumption of the machine and improves the working conditions of the driver. At the same time, the cost of manufacturing a hydrostatic power steering in recent years has significantly decreased due to the development of high technologies for the manufacture of its units. Hydrostatic steering is a purely hydraulic transmission with flexible connecting pipelines (hoses) of relatively high pressure, less reliable in operation than mechanical tractions, this requires increased attention to the reliability and safety of its operation. For this reason, it is not recommended for use on vehicles with transport speeds above 50 ... 60 km / h. In the known scientific literature there are practically no publications on methods for designing and calculating hydrostatic steering. In the educational literature on tractors, published by professors of the Moscow Polytechnic University, information is given on the design and methods for designing and calculating hydrostatic steering. The task of designing and calculating such a steering is selecting the necessary parameters for the hydraulic cylinder, the metering pump and the power source (drive pump) for it. These units are produced serially, from which the hydrostatic steering is designed. The technique of design and calculation of single-circuit and dual-circuit hydrostatic steering is considered. Information is provided on the characteristics of gerotor type metering pumps of foreign and domestic production.

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Sakuma, Shun, and Toshihiro Naruse. "The Optimal Steering Calculation Method of Passing through Several Waypoints." Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers 23 (2016): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.23.223.

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Malinovskiy, M. P., and G. I. Gladov. "Coordinate calculation method of steering linkage." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 8 (August 15, 2015): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66035.

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Guan, Xin, Yu-Ning Zhang, Chun-Guang Duan, Wen-Liang Yong, and Ping-Ping Lu. "Study on decomposition and calculation method of EPS assist characteristic curve." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 8 (January 24, 2021): 2166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020987062.

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Steering feel is closely related to the matching of the EPS assist characteristic curve, however, due to the lack of theoretical basis for the design of the EPS assist characteristic curve, the steering feel can only be changed indirectly by adjusting the magnitude of assist, which is very difficult. To control steering feel directly and reduce the difficulty of adjustment, this paper proposes a decomposition and calculation method of the EPS assist characteristic curve. At first, the mechanism of the EPS assist characteristic curve is revealed. It is found that the process of designing and adjusting the EPS assist characteristic curve is a process of changing the corresponding relationship between the steering wheel torque and the steering motion intensity based on considering vehicle dynamic characteristics. On this basis, the driver’s desired steering motion intensity and the pinion angle position are taken as intermediate variables, the EPS assist characteristic curve is decomposed into three parts: driving style, steady-state inverse characteristics of chassis dynamics, and steady-state inverse characteristics of steering system dynamics. According to the designed driving style and the calibrated steady-state inverse characteristics of chassis dynamics and steering system dynamics, the EPS assist characteristic curve can be directly calculated. The test results show that the EPS system adopting assist characteristic curve calculated can realize the designed driving style and provide consistent and controllable steering feel on the premise of meeting the requirements of steering portability and road feel.

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Cao, Jian Guo, Xin Hua Yang, and Jie Xu. "Study on the Return Control of the Electro-Controlled Steering Damper Based on Magnetorheological Fluid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.894.

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The paper introduces an electro-controlled steering damper’s working principle, which uses the magnetorheological fluid as the working medium, and derives the damper’s controlling and calculating method. The steering wheel’s return control strategies of it are investigated. In order to compare the control effect of the PD controller with the fuzzy controller, a simulation model of the vehicle’s steering system is established on MATLAB/SIMULINK. Then simulate the returning process of the front wheels at medium and high vehicle speed. The results show that the vehicle’s steering system equipped with the electro-controlled damper can restrain effectively the returning overshoot of front wheels when the steering wheel is returning automatically, and the effect of the fuzzy controller is excelled the PD controller, but it demands much more to the hardware for its larger calculation amount.

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Rochan, M. Ranjith, K. Aarthi Alagammai, and J. Sujatha. "Enhanced navigation using computer vision-based steering angle calculation for autonomous vehicles." Encyclopedia with Semantic Computing and Robotic Intelligence 02, no. 01 (June 2018): 1850007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2529737618500077.

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A key requirement in the development of intelligent and driverless vehicles is steering angle computation for efficient navigation. This paper presents a novel method for computing steering angle for driverless vehicles using computer vision-based techniques of relatively lower computing cost. The proposed system consists of four major stages. The first stage includes dynamic road region extraction using Gaussian mixture model and expectation maximization algorithm. The second stage is to compute the steering angle based on the extracted road region. Subsequently, Kalman filtering technique is used to cancel spurious angle transition noises. In addition, future steering angle is estimated which in turn gives informative feedback for smooth navigation of the vehicle. The proposed algorithm was tested both on a simulator and real-time images and was found to give a good estimation of actual steering angle required for navigation. Further, it was also observed that this works in different lighting conditions as well as for both structured and unstructured road scenarios.

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Wu, Jianwei, Qidi Fu, Jianrun Zhang, and Beibei Sun. "A Fast Calculation Method for Improving the Steering Arm of Mining Trucks with Macpherson Suspension." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 8614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188614.

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The steering arm has recently been frequently broken in a kind of mining truck with Macpherson suspension. To accelerate replacing the broken parts and minimize the economic cost, a fast calculation method for improving the steering arm is proposed in this paper. In this method, the forces on the steering arm are calculated by quasi-static analysis under a low vehicle velocity. Dynamic characteristics of the tire and road are partly included by considering the ranges of the rolling resistance coefficient and friction coefficient from the empirical values, which determines the torque on the steering arm under extreme conditions. The rigid–flexible coupling model for the left steering mechanism in ANSYS Workbench is established and solved to obtain the distribution stress on the steering arm under extreme conditions. Then, the reliability of the simulation results based on this fast calculation method is verified by the experiment. After determining an improvement scheme considering the economic and time cost, the satisfactory strength is obtained. The results illustrate that the strength of the improved steering arm has nearly doubled. Finally, the effectiveness of the improved steering arm is demonstrated by the users’ feedback after it is manufactured, installed, and used.

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Wang, Hong Yan, Tong Fei Li, Tao Wang, Qiang Rui, Jiang Tao Gai, Guang Ming Zhou, and Yi Yuan. "Analysis and Calculation of Tracked Vehicle Steering-Load Based on Conditions of Tracks' Slip." Applied Mechanics and Materials 378 (August 2013): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.55.

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This paper presents systematic calculation about steering loads, taking both the tracks slip and track-width into account. We can deduce propelling force, braking force and steering resistance torque in an algorithmic model on the assumption of uniform pressure distribution and concentrated ground-contact-load distribution in steering process. The result shows that, propelling force, braking force and steering resistance torque can be computed on a simple model of considered tracks' slip and disregarded track-width when track-width is considered. Propelling force and brake force lean to the bodys longitudinal geometrical centerline, while offsets can be ignored relative to track-width.

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Liu, Ling, Pei Zhou, Jun Luo, and Zan Pi. "Solving Nonlinear Optimization Problems of Steering Trapezoid Mechanism Based on an IPSO." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.607.

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The paper focus on an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) used to solve nonlinear optimization problems of steering trapezoid mechanism. First of all, nonlinear optimization model of steering trapezoid mechanism is established. Sum of absolute value of difference between actual rotational angle of anterolateral steering wheel and theoretical rotational angle of anterolateral steering wheel is taken as objective function, bottom angle and steering arm length of steering trapezoid mechanism are selected to be design variables. After that, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed by introducing Over-flow exception dealing functions to deal with complicated nonlinear constraints. Finally, codes for IPSO are programmed and parameters of steering trapezoid mechanism for different models are optimized, and numerical result shows that errors of objective function's ideal values and objective function's optimization values are minimal. Performance comparison experiment of different intelligent algorithms indicates that the proposed new algorithm is superior to Particle swarm algorithm based on simulated annealing (SA-PSO) and traditional particle swarm optimization (TPSO) in good and fast convergence and small calculating quantity, but a little inferior to particle swarm algorithm based on simulated annealing (SA-PSO) in calculation accuracy in the process of optimization.

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Yu, Lei Yan, Zhen Long Wu, and Wan Zhong Zhao. "Handling and Stabilities Calculation and Analysis of Automobile Steer by Wire System Driven by Graphic User Interface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.761.

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Automobile steer by wire system (SBW) is a novel steering system. Firstly, the linear four degree of freedom dynamics model with steering torque as the input is built. Then the design ,simulation and multi discipline optimization parameterized platform of SBW is built based on Matlab Graphic User Interface, which can design and simulate steering system performances quickly. Effects of different parameters such as velocity, moment inertia of steering wheel and tire cornering stiffness on handling and stabilities are analyzed. Finally parameters are optimized to minimize the response total variance under torque input and improve the response under steering torque input.

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Sun, Zhen Jun, Xiao Fei Yan, and Li Jun Han. "The Turning Radius Analysis for Pneumatic Beam Transport Trailer of Principal and Subordinated Vehicle Model with Combination of Four-Wheel Steering and Articulated Frame." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 2181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.2181.

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This paper put forward a struction model of pneumatic beam transport trailer of principal and subordinated vehicle model with combination of four-wheel steering and articulated frame. Its steering conditions are analyzed. The steering condition and the method of determining of the minimum turning radius and the calculation formula of turning radius are obtained.

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Asinovsky, Volf, Kiang-Ning Huang, and Mark C. Oakes. "Ship Maneuverability Analysis Using Steady-State Techniques." Marine Technology and SNAME News 28, no. 03 (May 1, 1991): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1991.28.3.163.

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This paper discusses the application of steady-state techniques to maneuverability, position-keeping and track-keeping analyses in the ship design process. A two-step method of calculating the diagram of steering is described. The first step gives an approximate solution based on a preliminary analysis of the relationship between the drift angle and the angular velocity of ship in the steady turn. The second step solves the nonlinear equations of motion using an iterative process. In the second step of the solution, the hull's hydrodynamic characteristics are introduced into the equations of motion directly in numerical form without a preliminary approximation by analytical functions. Assumptions about the kinematic parameters of motion are not used. This results in increased accuracy of the calculations. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the hull, rudder and appendages, and their interaction are considered separately. Position and track-keeping analysis using an approach similar to that used for the calculation of the diagram of steering is discussed.

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Mohamad, Amir Ashraf, Fadhlan Hafizhelmi Kamaru Zaman, and Fazlina Ahmat Ruslan. "Improving steering convergence in autonomous vehicle steering control." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i1.pp279-285.

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<p>Steering control is a critical design element in autonomous vehicle development since it will determine whether the vehicle can navigate safely or not. For the prototype of UiTM Autonomous Vehicle 0 (UiTM AV0), Vexta motor is used to control the steering whereas Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal is responsible to drive the motor. However, by using PWM signal it is difficult to converge to the desired steering angle and furthermore time taken for steering angle to converge is much longer. Thus, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) has been introduced in this autonomous vehicle steering controller to improve the convergence of the steering. Meanwhile a microcontroller was used to control the Vexta Motor direction and perform the calculation of the desired steering angle. Simulation results showed PID controller showed better time taken and preicison of successful convergence of the desired steering angle compared to the PWM controller. Analysis results showed that PID controller significantly reduce the overshooting of steering angle and significantly improve the time taken for convergence by up to 37 seconds faster than PWM controller in UiTM AV0.</p>

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Yang, Jing Jun, Yi Min Liu, Guo Jian Huang, and Xin Hua Wang. "Sensors Distribution Program in Health Monitoring of Side Forklift Steering Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.336.

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In order to study the sensor distribution program in health monitoring of side forklift steering, we visited many ports and warehouses for inspection of side forklift steering safety in Huangpu district of Guangzhou, and summarized the most dangerous part of steering failure. Then we built a model of the steering mechanism which was simplified, and did motion simulation analysis .Then the dynamic simulation analysis was carried out on the ball pin. Finally, through the simulation calculation of maximum stress under various working conditions, we can determine the position of sensors stationing, and it provided with the train of thought of sensors distribution in health monitoring of side forklift steering mechanism.

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15

Malinovsky, M. P. "Development of a geometric slip flat model when turning a vehicle with two steering axles." Trudy NAMI, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2021-2-34-45.

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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). One of the main stages in the design ofspecial purpose vehicles is the calculation of the steering control. At that, engineers are guided by anumber of regulatory documents that lack one of the most important requirements, which is to minimize tire lateral deviation. The author notes the lack of scientific research in the field of geometric slip, which is caused by the non-compliance between the actual angles of wheels rotation and the calculated values for pure rolling and is an inherent property of any traditional steering linkage.The purpose of the study was to develop a mathematical model of the steering drive of a special-purpose vehicle with two steering axles to assess the geometric and power slip.Methodology and research methods. There is a known method for calculating the steering drive using trigonometric expressions, in particular the cosine theorem. The author proposed to use the coordinateiterative method developed by him and based on the equation of the sphere, with the steering wheel rotation angle in the kinematic calculation of the steering drive as a differentiation step. The choice of the steering drive parameters according to the conditions of symmetry and minimization of slip was carried out by the method of multivariable optimization.Results. In the course of the research, it was found that the choice of the characteristic of geometric noncompliance was a multi-parameter task, and changing one parameter led to the necessity of adjusting the others. If it was not possible to achieve zero geometric slip for all steered wheels, the task of optimizing the steering drive parameters wasreduced to minimizing geometric or total slip. The value of the slip essentially depended on the selected differentiation step. When choosing the characteristic of geometric slip, it was necessary to observe the condition of the steering linkage symmetry when turning left and right. When the wheels were turned from the neutral position to the periphery, the power and geometric slip compensated each other, which led to the decrease of the total slip and tire wear.The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of a geometric slip model for a vehicle with two steerable axles, including a spatial model of the steering drive which allows to evaluate the influence of the geometric slip on the turn kinematics, as well as the mutual influence of geometric and power slip in order to select the steering drive optimal parameters of the multi-axle vehicle from the viewpoint of minimizing tire wear during curvilinear motion.Practical significance. The research results must be taken into account in the development of steering drive and turning control systems for multi-axle special-purpose vehicles, including them in the educational process as well.

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Song, Rong, and Tao Liu. "The Application of Modified BP Neural Network Method to the Evaluation of the Quality of Teaching." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.628.

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Modified BP neural network method was used to solve the problem of teaching quality evaluation. The neural network was built to fit the function relationship between the second-floor indicator and teaching quality evaluation. So quality teaching evaluation could be implemented. At first, the theory of BP neural network method was introduced, then, students` evaluation of the secondary indicators was taken as inputs, and scores from the Steering Group as output, and 20 lessons scores as researched data, and then, calculating characters of BP method were analyzed. The calculating result showed that the calculation results of the method have the stability, its feasibility was proved. After that, the optimized calculating method was used to optimize result. The calculation results showed that the method had high accuracy, and predictive value calculation error was less than 2.02%, and it verified the feasibility of the method.

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Hoover, Brett T., and Michael C. Morgan. "Dynamical Sensitivity Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Steering Using an Adjoint Model." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 9 (September 2011): 2761–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-10-05084.1.

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Through the use of an adjoint model, the sensitivity of the steering of a simulated tropical cyclone (TC) to various aspects of a model forecast trajectory can be calculated. This calculation, providing a priori information about how small perturbations to the model state will impact the steering of the TC at some future time, provides a wealth of dynamical information about the importance of synoptic-scale features and associated processes to the steering of a modeled TC that is difficult or impossible to obtain by other means. Regions of strong sensitivity to cyclone steering are regions where, if errors in the model state exist, those errors would have the largest effect on TC steering at a specified time in the future. However, without a dynamical understanding of why the steering of a simulated TC is sensitive to changes in these regions, errors in the methodology of implementing an adjoint model for calculating these sensitivities may result in sensitivity gradients that do not represent sensitivity of TC steering at all, and without a strong dynamical interpretation of these sensitivities, these errors may escape notice. An adjoint model is employed for several cases of simulated TCs in the west Pacific to determine the dynamical significance of regions for which sensitivity to TC steering is found to be particularly strong. It is found that the region of subsidence upstream of a passing midlatitude trough can play a crucial role in the development of perturbations that strongly impact a recurving TC. A dynamical interpretation of this relationship is described and tested.

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Zhang, Dong Sheng, Xiao Hong Liu, Shu Jun Gao, and Jian Du. "Simulation Study on Hydraulic Assisted Steering System of Snake Mobile Conveyor." Advanced Materials Research 619 (December 2012): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.619.485.

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Snake mobile conveyor is a special structure new conveyor, its body composed of a number of independent frames which relative rotation and achieved conveyor’s horizontal turning. In order to insure smoothness and controllability of turning, system executed predict the feedback control on the steering fuel tank using a hydraulic-assisted steering system. Control programs: the establishment of the virtual prototype of the machine - record tractor turning angle - calculation orbit of tractor frame - to calculate the steering cylinder corresponding stretched time and displacement - the controller to control assisted steering - Complete trajectory , and simulation analysis proved that this control method is feasible.

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Fu, Hu Dai, and Zheng Zhong Wang. "Measuring Theory Research on the Automobile Steering Angle Automatic Measuring System." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.731.

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It is studied that a great proportion of traffic problems lies in vehicles’ steering system, and the maximum steering angle decides their steering capability and their minimum turning radius. The measuring principle of rapid measuring system, and the automatic tracking principle of measurement system have been analyzed in the paper. Also, the infrared tracking, the measuring plate positioning, the calculation of minimum turning radius, and the processing method of the test results have been described in detail. It is proved that the automatic automobile steering angle detecting system has reached the general requirements both in detection resolution and the measuring accuracy.

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Wu, Yu Long, Cheng Qun Li, and Xiao Lei Dong. "New Design of Reduction Device of Column Electric Power Steering System." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 2188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.2188.

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EPS is the abbreviation of electric power steering system and reduction device is one of the key parts of the EPS. It determines whether the steering system works normally. This paper studies the deceleration mechanism of EPS and in accordance with its assistance characteristic, designs a new deceleration device that Cycloid steel ball planetary reducer, and gives the specific design and implementation of the program. Combined with steering portability needs, this paper gives the specific reduction ratio calculation and the deceleration mechanism design.

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Zhao, Lian Sheng, Yan Nian Rui, Qi Dong Chen, and Chun Yan Zhang. "Web-Based Collaborative Design of Auto Steering Hydraulic Rotating Valve." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.155.

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The design quality of auto steering hydraulic rotating valve directly affects driving security, operating stability and ride comfort. Active server page (ASP) technology is applied in the study of working principal of auto steering hydraulic valve, calculation method of web-based design and parameterization design for parts. An collaborative design platform in network environment is built. The collaborative design of auto hydraulic Steering valve based on network is realized through some key technologies of safety technology in network design, database technology, graphical viewing technology, and COM technology.

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Du, Heng, Qingming Zhang, Shumei Chen, and Jinhui Fang. "Modeling, simulation, and experimental validation of electro-hydraulic power steering system in multi-axle vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 2 (December 19, 2017): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017743346.

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An accurate electro-hydraulic power steering system (EHPSS) model is essential to analyze dynamic steering performance and advanced nonlinear control. The main obstacle to establish an accurate model is the complex structure, including steering mechanism, valve controlled dual hydraulic-actuator, and heavy duty tires. This paper constructs a suitable model incorporating these parts, based on a Lagrange equation describing the steering trapezoid mechanism and dual cylinder hydraulic dynamics, regarding steering resisting moment as an external load. A simplified tire model is used to represent the tire basic steering load characteristics. Due to the complexity of the kinematic relationship in the model, several expressions are fitted using back propagation neural networks to significantly reduce calculation difficulty. Experimental measurements and simulation using Matlab/Simulink and experiment are realized for the case of in situ steering, and the results validate the proposed model accuracy. Thus, the proposed model is suitable to analyze the system and design advanced controllers.

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XUE Le-tang, 薛乐堂, 陈. 涛. CHEN Tao, 徐. 涛. XU Tao, 刘廷霞 LIU Ting-xia, and 李. 博. LI Bo. "High-precision calculation for attitude angles of fast steering mirror." Optics and Precision Engineering 24, no. 8 (2016): 2000–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20162408.2000.

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Zhi, Jin Ning, Chang Le Xiang, and Yue Ma. "Study on Skid-Steering Drag Force Calculation and Model for Electric Ground Vehicle with Six In-Wheel Motors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 697 (November 2014): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.697.402.

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The skid-steering vehicle is able to be steered by the speed difference of the inside and outside wheels created by controlling the torque distribution of all drive wheels. The three degree of freedom dynamic equations are established for electric ground vehicle with six in-wheeled motors, based on which the drag force calculation model is presented under steady skid-steering condition. Then the variation of resistance torque with the steer input and vehicle velocity is analyzed including its theoretic constraint limit. The steering resistance moment of the electric ground vehicle is compared with that of the tracked vehicle with the same vehicle parameters. In order to validate the calculation results, the virtual prototype model is created and the dynamic simulation is executed in ADAMS software. The results indicate that the resistance moment of electric ground vehicle is more than that of the tracked vehicle with same configurations and the computational model is correct.

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Jian, Xiao Gang, Ye Feng Wang, and Peng Chun Yang. "Schematic Design and Research on Steering Mechanism of Drilling Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 189 (July 2012): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.189.321.

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Through the research on drilling robot at home and abroad, this paper divides steering methods into two types: steering caused by radial motion of body parts; steering caused by deflection of the head. Based on this classification, several schematic designs of steering mechanism are proposed. Respectively, structural design and principle analysis of steering mechanisms are carried out. And steering mechanism 3 is chosen the best one through comparison from the following aspects: No. of motors in the steering mechanism, size, turning radius and control difficulty. In order to prove its feasibility theoretically, the detailed modeling and analysis are presented. The results of DOF (degree of freedom) calculation and kinematics simulation of the head point show that its motion is determined and no collision exists between the parts during the kinematical process. The relation among peak value of rollers’ trajectory H, distances from rollers to the rotation axis of the cylindrical cam r and maximum deflection angle θmax is analyzed by building the deflection model, which lays foundation for further optimization.

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Lv, Chang. "Design of Steering Driven Axle for QAY125 Ton Automobile Crane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 865 (June 2017): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.865.155.

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Driving axle loader is a key component for loader. For the steering drive axle of the QAY125 all terrain crane, the main parameters of the main reduction gears and drive axle housing have been designed and calculated. By adopting the method of optimum matching between engine and transmission system parameters, the ratio of the main reducer is determined by the optimum design. Considering the drive axle housing structure and the force is very complex, in order to ensure the strength of full static strength check calculation of impact load and emergency braking of the three cases, calculations show that the axle strength design can meet the design requirements. The half shaft diameter is calculated by using the maximum torque, when the half shaft diameter is 45mm, the material selection 42CrMo, the half shaft safety factor is 2.09, completely meet the use requirements.

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Cranmer, Kyle, and Alexander Held. "Building and steering binned template fits with cabinetry." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 03067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125103067.

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The cabinetry library provides a Python-based solution for building and steering binned template fits. It tightly integrates with the pythonic High Energy Physics ecosystem, and in particular with pyhf for statistical inference. cabinetry uses a declarative approach for building statistical models, with a JSON schema describing possible configuration choices. Model building instructions can additionally be provided via custom code, which is automatically executed when applicable at key steps of the workflow. The library implements interfaces for performing maximum likelihood fitting, upper parameter limit determination, and discovery significance calculation. cabinetry also provides a range of utilities to study and disseminate fit results. These include visualizations of the fit model and data, visualizations of template histograms and fit results, ranking of nuisance parameters by their impact, a goodness-of-fit calculation, and likelihood scans. The library takes a modular approach, allowing users to include some or all of its functionality in their workflow.

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Wang, Hong Yan, Jun Kui Li, Hao Zhan Li, and Qiang Rui. "Simulation and Testing Verification of Tracked Vehicle’s Steering Process Considering Track Skidding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 565 (June 2014): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.565.113.

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A steering dynamics model considering track skidding is built, which the kinematical and dynamic characteristic about the track forces, turning resistance moment, turning radius, and angular speed are presented. The results show that the turning radius is about 1.5 times and the turning angular speed is 67% in skid-steer situation, which compared to the calculation results based on traditional theory. Experimental results show that steering model is creditable.

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Bu, Haixiang, Aijuan Li, Xin Huang, Wei Li, and Jian Wang. "Optimal Design of the Six-Wheel Steering System with Multiple Steering Modes." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (December 27, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1716116.

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Vehicles will face different working conditions during the use, and different working conditions have different requirements for vehicle functions, which results in many subdivided models. An off-road vehicle is a subdivision model produced to adapt to complex road conditions. In order to adapt to complex road conditions, vehicles should have a good passing ability, small size, and good flexibility. The six-wheeled vehicle has both good passing ability and small volume, which is the best choice for off-road vehicles. The design of the steering system becomes the key step to improve the flexibility of the six-wheeled vehicle. This paper mainly designs an independent steering system for a six-wheel electric vehicle with higher flexibility. The system is designed for six-wheel electric vehicles driven by six in-wheel motors. It mainly includes mechanical steering system and electronic control steering system. Both mechanical steering systems and electronic control steering system have multiple steering modes. Firstly, this paper introduces the various steering modes of the mechanical steering system and the electronic control steering system. Secondly, a CAD model is established by using the software Solidworks, and the system structure is introduced in detail combined with the CAD model. Finally, a kinematics model is established and calculated. The calculation results showed that the steering system can significantly improve the flexibility of the vehicle, so that the vehicle can complete the steering stably and quickly on complex road sections.

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Sun, Chao Li, Jian Chao Zeng, Jeng Shyang Pan, and Yuan Fang Tao. "Crank Block Steering Mechanism Optimization for Forklift Truck Based on Vector PSO." Advanced Materials Research 145 (October 2010): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.145.43.

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Crank block steering mechanism optimization, which is a nonlinear constrained optimization problem, is important for forklift truck to get preferable steering performance. Vector particle swarm optimization (VPSO) is a swarm intelligent algorithm proposed to solve constrained optimization problems with simple concept and easy implementation. Therefore, VPSO was proposed to optimize crank block steering mechanism of forklift truck in this paper, which will be intended for minimizing the maximal error of outer wheel steering angle, maximizing the minimal transmission angle and making the transmission capability of the force better. The experimental results obtained by VPSO are compared with the results obtained by enumeration algorithm which are reliable for optimization problems. The comparison results showed that vector particle swarm optimization can get same optimal results as enumeration algorithm in much less calculation times.

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Zhang, Yun Hu, and Chao Zhang. "16-Bit A/D CAN Interface Steering Wheel Angle and Torque Acquisition System." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.144.

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In this paper, a steering wheel angle and torque acquisition program consisted of a steering wheel angle and torque sensor, 16-bit Σ-A/D converter, SCM and CAN bus chip is described. It describes the A / D conversion, angle and torque values calculation , CAN Communication and host computer acquisition software implementation and other important processes for the method. On this basis, the steering wheel angle and torque data collection realization is finished,and it has operated in the actual vehicle environments. The results show that the system is of high precision, good stability, and it is suitable for driving behavior tests and vehicle handling and stability test.

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Song, Mei Yu. "The CAD Research of Vehicle Steering System." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 1019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.1019.

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Currently, the 3D design has become the inevitable trend in the application of CAD technology. It is possible for 3D design of vehicle bogie. In this paper, the 3D parametric CAD system of vehicle bogie based on the performance is established with the combination of the section size calculation, the parametric CAD design, and the database access technology, which is redeveloped and reassembled with the platform of SolidWorks 2008. Therefore, this study has certain theoretical research and practical application value.

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Cao, Dong, Bin Tang, Haobin Jiang, Chenhui Yin, Di Zhang, and Yingqiu Huang. "Study on Low-Speed Steering Resistance Torque of Vehicles Considering Friction between Tire and Pavement." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (March 12, 2019): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9051015.

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Electric power steering (EPS) systems under existing vehicle power systems cannot provide enough power for heavy-duty commercial vehicles under pivot or low-speed steering conditions. To solve this problem, the paper proposes an EPS system that is based on the hybrid power system constituted by the vehicle power system and the supercapacitor in parallel. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the intervention and withdrawal mechanisms of a super-capacitor in the new EPS, the law of steering resistance torque at a low or extremely low vehicle speed should be explored. Firstly, the finite element model of tire/pavement was established to conduct the simulation and calculation of the low-speed steering friction force between the tire and pavement, and to obtain the fitting expression of the equivalent steering friction coefficient with the running speed of the tire. Secondly, the expression of the steering friction torque was deduced based on the calculus theory and mathematical model of the low-speed steering resistance torque, including the steering friction torque and aligning torques, established to conduct the simulation of the equivalent resistance torque applied on a steering column under low-speed condition. Subsequently, the real vehicle experiments were carried out and comparisons of the experimental results and simulation results was performed. The consistency indicated that the model of low-speed steering resistance torque had a high accuracy. Finally, the law of low-speed steering resistance torque with a vehicle speed and steering wheel angle were analyzed according to the 3D surface plot drawn from the simulation results.

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Aharkov, I. "SIMULATION OF TROLLEBUS STEERING SYSTEM WITH ELECTRIC POWER STEERING BASED ON ROLLING ROTOR SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 38 (December 24, 2021): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2021-38-88-8.

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The analysis of power steering which used on modern rolling stock is carried out. Their main shortcomings are identified. Given the requirements for the steering of trolleybuses, a solution to increase its efficiency is proposed. Based on the developed mathematical model and functional diagrams of the trolleybus steering system with a electric power steering based on rolling rotor switched reluctance motor, a simulation model of trolleybus steering was created using the Matlab Simulink package. The peculiarity of the simulation model is taking into account the mass and size characteristics of the rolling stock, the parameters of the suspension of the steered axle, the impact of the road surface and the speed of the trolleybus, changes in the parameters of the electric motor magnetic system during operation. The rolling rotor switched reluctance motor which is offered for use as the electric power steering of the LAZ E183D1 trolleybus is calculated. The calculation of the magnetic system of the engine by the finite element method with the subsequent approximation of the obtained results is carried out. With the help of the developed simulation model the simulation of the trolleybus steering system with electric power steering based on rolling rotor switched reluctance motor was performed. Time diagrams of transients in the trolleybus steering system are obtained and their processing and analysis are carried out.

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Maffiodo, Daniela, and Raffaella Sesana. "Loudness calculation procedure to study electronic steering column lock noise measurement." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 168781401881957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018819577.

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In the automotive field, the customer requirements for low interior noise and pleasant sound quality inside a vehicle are getting higher and higher. Various national and international regulatory authorities established and reviewed vehicle interior noise for the past years. Besides, lots of studies have shown that vehicle noise can influence the driver’s perceptions and also his or her driving capabilities. To succeed in this scenario, all manufacturers are investing in technology and research in order to improve their component performance. Working on the noise source so as to reduce the seriousness of these noise problems can be really effective. However, various engineering techniques are available to deal with noise and sound-measuring instruments, and systems can help to identify the nature of the problem and they can also be helpful in determining the right procedure to analyse the noise problem. This work proposes a procedure to evaluate the noise originated from an electronic steering column lock device which is used to lock and unlock the steering wheel according to European safety requirements. In particular, different standards and requirements for loudness evaluation have been discussed and the formulation of a straightforward procedure, which can be used to evaluate the loudness according to costumer’s requirements, is defined.

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Liu, Xiaojun, Daigo Uchino, Keigo Ikeda, Ayato Endo, Mohamad Peeie, Takayoshi Narita, and Hideaki Kato. "Driving Assist System for Ultra-Compact EVs―Fundamental Consideration of Muscle Burden Owing to Differences in the Drivers’ Physiques." Actuators 7, no. 3 (July 27, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act7030044.

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With recent advances in technologies such as those of semiconductors and actuators, easy-to-control compact actuators have been actively applied in various fields such as factory automation and precision machining. In the automobile industry, major manufacturers and venture companies are also concentrating on electric vehicle development. Ultra-compact mobility vehicles, which exhibit an excellent environmental performance and are highly convenient for short-distance movement, are becoming popular. However, owing to cabin space limitations, it is difficult to mount systems such as power steering for assisting steering operations, and such systems are currently not installed in most ultra-compact mobility vehicles. Our research group focused on a steer-by-wire system that does not require a physical connection between the steering wheel and the wheels. Using this system, the steering wheel can be installed without any constraints, and the cabin layout can be easily changed. The reaction torque applied to the steering wheel can be expected to provide an optimum steering feel to each driver by controlling the reaction-force-generating actuator output. Drivers with different heights and arm lengths were then grouped, and arm model calculation and electromyogram measurements obtained during steering operations were used to examine the muscle burden experienced during driving owing to differences in the drivers’ physiques.

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Wu, Ying, Jun Li, Wen Hao Lu, and Shi Yuan Xiong. "Finite-Element Analysis and Reliability Test of Power Steering Gear on the Fatigue Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.927.

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The study on power steering gear is less than other auto parts at home or abroad. Compared with developed countries, the independent design and manufacture of power steering starts late, and lacks practical and effective evaluation standards. The combination of the theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and experimental verification is the key technology to optimize the design or test to evaluate the power steering gear’s function and performance. In this paper, the power steering gear’s finite element analysis(FEA) model was built to analyse the fatigue stress and fatigue life of the power steering gear’s components, such as housing, input shaft and output shaft. and the fatigue test of the power steering gear was also designed and implemented. Research showed that, the power steering gear fatigue properties of FEA and reliability test have the same results. The total damage of 4 A-B-C event cycles is less than 1, the steering gear system is judged safe after 4 event cycles per design requirements. Each component of the power steering gear has different maximum average stress. The stress of the sector shaft, the piston and the screws is very close to the yield stress, which is much larger than the other components, and needed to be treated with caution The maximum stresses of the gear housing are a little over the yield strengths at the stress of 6,118 lbs, which is more dangerous than the other components, and great attention should be paid to it.

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Markina, A. A., S. N. Chepkasov, and M. A. Berezhnaya. "KINEMATIC STUDY OF THE FOUR-WHEELED STEERING SYSTEM." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 16, no. 5 (November 2, 2019): 580–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2019-5-580-591.

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Introduction. Since the second half of the 20th century the safety in the automotive industry has been bringing to the forefront. Therefore, researches pay special attention to stability and controllability. These properties increase in a variety of ways, one of which is using of the four-wheel steering system (4WS). Foreign literature presents technical solutions on the example of sport cars and some Japanese models.Materials and methods. The paper provided an analysis of the four-wheeled steering passenger car’s kinematics. The authors considered the turning geometry with positive and negative steering angles of rear axle, on the basis of which the researches proposed calculation formulas for determining the turning radius of the car and the angles of the wheels’ rotation. The kinematic relations used in designing a steering system with four steered wheels.Results. The authors on the example of Volkswagen Polo calculated the turning radius and controllability depending on the steering wheels’ angles of the front and rear axles. As a result, the paper demonstrated the change in parameters and the effect on the safety and handling of the vehicle. The authors also highlighted the advantages of using a four-wheeled steering system.

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Wang, Hu Qi, Xuan Xiao, and Xi Rong Luo. "Optimum Design of Wheeled Loader's Steering Rubber Buffer Seat Based on ANSYS." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1217.

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Steering rubber buffer seat of loader is one of important methods to enhance the operating comfort of machine. This article detailed identified the design variables, constraint functions and the objective function of the rubber buffer seat's optimal design model. It combined with project experience and based on the analysis of rubber buffer seat's bearing features in the right, and established the correct mathematical model of optimal design in theory. Then, based on ANSYS software's optimized design module "Design Opt", completed set of all calculated parameters by the operations of alternate interface, thus created a rubber buffer seat's finite element model of optimization calculation. Optimized iterative calculations later, got the result of the final optimized design. After the optimized design, rubber buffer seat has been used in the market volume, it's very useful, so this design method is proved correct and reasonable.

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40

Smith, K. Shafer, and John Marshall. "Evidence for Enhanced Eddy Mixing at Middepth in the Southern Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3880.1.

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Abstract Satellite altimetric observations of the ocean reveal surface pressure patterns in the core of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) that propagate downstream (eastward) but slower than the mean surface current by about 25%. The authors argue that these observations are suggestive of baroclinically unstable waves that have a steering level at a depth of about 1 km. Detailed linear stability calculations using a hydrographic atlas indeed reveal a steering level in the ACC near the depth implied by the altimetric observations. Calculations using a nonlinear model forced by the mean shear and stratification observed close to the core of the ACC, coinciding with a position where mooring data and direct eddy flux measurements are available, reveal a similar picture, albeit with added details. When eddy fluxes are allowed to adjust the mean state, computed eddy kinetic energy and eddy stress are close to observed magnitudes with steering levels between 1 and 1.5 km, broadly consistent with observations. An important result of this study is that the vertical structure of the potential vorticity (PV) eddy diffusivity is strongly depth dependent, implying that the diffusivity for PV and buoyancy are very different from one another. It is shown that the flow can simultaneously support a PV diffusivity peaking at 5000 m2 s−1 or so near the middepth steering level and a buoyancy diffusivity that is much smaller, of order 1000 m2 s−1, exhibiting less vertical structure. An effective diffusivity calculation, using an advected and diffused tracer transformed into area coordinates, confirms that the PV diffusivity more closely reflects the mixing properties of the flow than does the buoyancy diffusivity, and points explicitly to the need for separating tracer and buoyancy flux parameterizations in coarse-resolution general circulation models. Finally, implications for the eddy-driven circulation of the ACC are discussed.

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Zhu, Yongqiang, Junru Zhu, and Pingxia Zhang. "Obstacle Avoidance Control for Multisteering Mode of Multiaxle Wheeled Robot Based on Trajectory Prediction Strategy." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2021 (October 30, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3702476.

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A multiaxle wheeled robot is difficult to be controlled due to its long body and a large number of axles, especially for obstacle avoidance and steering in narrow space. To solve this problem, a multisteering mode control strategy based on front and rear virtual wheels is proposed, and the driving trajectory prediction of the multiaxle wheeled robot is analyzed. On this basis, an obstacle avoidance control strategy based on trajectory prediction is proposed. By calculating the relationship between the lidar points of the obstacle and the trajectory coverage area, the iterative calculation of the obstacle avoidance scheme for the proposed steering is carried out, and the feasible obstacle avoidance scheme is obtained. The mechanical structure, hardware, and software control system of a five-axle wheeled robot are designed. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the obstacle avoidance strategy, a Z-shaped obstacle avoidance experiment was carried out. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

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42

Mishagin, Konstantin G., and Sergey Yu Medvedev. "Implementation of optimal automatic steering of atomic clock timescale." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 8 (2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-8-51-55.

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The problem of physical implementation of atomic timescales maximally adjusted to the national timescale UTC(SU) for working and secondary standards is considered. Results of analysis of stationary process of hydrogen maser timescale automatic steering to UTC(SU) using common view technique based on the signals of global navigational systems are presented. Calculation of Kalman filter and linear quadratic regulator parameters is described. Theoretical and experimental estimations of automatic steering quality characteristics are compared and discussed. The results obtained can be used to improve the accuracy of timescales on working and secondary standards.

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Mishagin, Konstantin G., and Sergey Yu Medvedev. "Implementation of optimal automatic steering of atomic clock timescale." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 8 (2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-8-51-55.

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The problem of physical implementation of atomic timescales maximally adjusted to the national timescale UTC(SU) for working and secondary standards is considered. Results of analysis of stationary process of hydrogen maser timescale automatic steering to UTC(SU) using common view technique based on the signals of global navigational systems are presented. Calculation of Kalman filter and linear quadratic regulator parameters is described. Theoretical and experimental estimations of automatic steering quality characteristics are compared and discussed. The results obtained can be used to improve the accuracy of timescales on working and secondary standards.

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44

Dong, Xiaotong, Yi Jiang, Zhou Zhong, Wei Zeng, and Wei Liu. "An Improved Rollover Index Based on BP Neural Network for Hydropneumatic Suspension Vehicles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7859521.

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The 3-DOF rollover model has been established by the Lagrangian second-class equation, taking the road inclination angle, the steering strategy, and the hydropneumatic suspension characteristics into consideration. A 3-layer BP (backpropagation) neural network is applied to predict the road inclination angle and to optimize the rollover model in real-time. The number of the hidden layer neurons for the BP network is also discussed. The numerical calculation of the optimized rollover model is in good agreement with the full-scale vehicle test. Different rollover indexes are compared, and the results indicate that the rollover index of dynamic LTR optimized by the BP neural network can evaluate the rollover tendency more accurately in the ramp steering test and the snake steering test. This study provides practical meanings for developing a rollover warning system.

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Timarov, Aleksey, Andrey Efremov, and Roman Bulbovich. "SOME ISSUES OF CALCULATION OF STEERING EFFORTS OF ROCKET MOTOR JET VANES." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 48 (2017): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2017.48.04.

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Hu, Ya-hui, Hao Dong, and Jun-an Zhang. "Calculation and Optimization of the Optimal Region Value of Integral Trapezoidal Steering." Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development (English Edition) 13, no. 2 (June 2019): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jhtrcq.0000684.

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Majkic, Zoran. "Project calculation of the steering mechanism hydraulic servo control in motor vehicles." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 61, no. 3 (2013): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg61-2017.

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48

Zhou, Jia. "Research into Nose Wheel Steering Deviation Angle Calculation of a Civil Aircraft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1654 (October 2020): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1654/1/012029.

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Lebedev, O. Y., A. V. Fil, and E. V. Bondareva. "Simulation of ship handling in reverse." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012079.

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Abstract One of the main problems of seamanship is steering the boat in reverse modes. This skill can be achieved using simulators or simulators that work based on a mathematical model. This model should adequately describe all ship maneuvers, including simulation in reverse modes. The article deals with the mathematical modeling of maneuvering from a ship in reverse. The authors performed model calculations, basic test maneuvers, such as “Circulation”, “Exit Circulation” and “Zigzag”. The analysis of trajectories testifies to the qualitative correspondence of the calculation results according to the mathematical model to the practice of navigation, and this model can be used for automatic control of the vessel, for assessing the movement of the vessel in reverse, and teaching navigation skills on simulators and simulators. The vessel when moving in reverse, at low speeds obeys the steering organ, but at speeds greater than the average stroke on the backward shift, it leaves the circulation very slowly and sometimes becomes uncontrollable. The withdrawal of a reverse circulation vessel is extremely difficult and requires additional skills and abilities from the navigator.

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Li, Zhi Peng, and Dong Sheng Li. "Travelling and Steering Path Adjustment of Blueberry Harvesters." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.25.

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A picking and steering adjustment system for blueberry harvesters has been developed. In this paper, the main hardware and working principles of the system is introduced first, then the application of an ant colony simplification algorithm in the system development is presented. Information of virtual modeling the blueberry plant images and fruit distributions is obtained through the control system which is used as input for the ant colony simplification algorithm calculation. Then results are translated into real-time travelling path planning instructions for the blueberry harvester. The research provided technological and new knowledge support for future investigations into intelligent travelling path selection, thus playing an important role in mechanization and intelligent harvesting processes for blueberry harvesters.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Steering calculation'

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