Academic literature on the topic 'Steinernema'
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Journal articles on the topic "Steinernema"
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Prabowo, Heri, and I. G. A. A. Indrayani. "Potensi Nematoda Patogen Serangga Steinernema spp. dalam Pengendalian Hama Utama Tanaman Kapas." Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri 1, no. 2 (October 10, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bultas.v1n2.2009.101-110.
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<p>Steinernema spp. memiliki potensi untuk mengendalikan hama tanaman kapas seperti Helicoverpa armigera dan Pectinophora gossypiella. Steinernema spp. mampu menyebabkan mortalitas P. gossypiella dan H. armi-gera berturut-turut sebesar 31,6–55,4 dan 46,3–63,8%. Steinernema spp. memiliki kemampuan membunuh lebih baik pada P. gossypiella, sedangkan kemampuan reproduksi dalam inangnya lebih baik pada H. armi-gera. Steinernema spp. mampu menginfeksi serangga inang lebih baik pada stadium ulat lebih tua diban-dingkan stadium muda. Steinernema spp. dapat diproduksi secara in vivo dan in vitro. Produksi secara in vivo dapat menggunakan Tenebrio molitor, Tirathaba rufivena, dan Attacus atlas. Produksi secara in vitro dapat menggunakan usus ayam, lemak sapi, dan minyak kedelai. Perlu dikembangkan formulasi Steinerne-ma spp. yang murah dan efektif untuk mengendalikan hama di atas permukaan tanah. Selain itu diperlukan pencarian isolat Steinernema spp. yang virulen dan cepat membunuh hama sasaran.</p><p> </p><p>Steinernema spp. could be potentially used for controlling H. armigera and P. gossypiella on cotton. Steiner-nema spp. causes mortality on P. gossypiella and H. armigera 31,6–55,4 and 46,3–63,8% respectively. The nematode causes a higher mortality on P. gossypiella than on H. armigera, however, produces more juvenile infective on H. armigera than on P. gossypiella. Higher successful infections of Steinernema spp. occurs on late larval stadium than on early one. Production of Steinernema spp. can be in vivo using Tenebrio molitor, Tirathaba rufivena, and Attacus atlas; and in vitro using chicken intestinum, cow lipid, and soy bean oil. For effecttively use, this nematode need to be formulated especially for controlling insect pests on soil surface, as well as finding the more virulent isolates against the target insects.</p>
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Rosyidi, Imron, Hari Purnomo, Nanang Tri Haryadi, and Mohammad Hoesain. "KOMPATIBILITAS CENDAWAN METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (METSCHN.) SOROKIN DENGAN NEMATODA ENTOMOPATOGEN STEINERNEMA SP." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.217111-118.
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Compatibility Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin with entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema sp. Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin and entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema sp. can be used as biological control of insect pests. The objective of this research was to identify compatibility between fungus M. anisopliae with entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema sp. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and repeated 5 times. The treatment used was M. anisopliae isolates Jombang 1 with Steinernema sp. (M1), M. anisopliae Jombang 2 with Steinernema sp. (M2), M. anisopliae isolates Kediri with Steinernema sp. (M3), M. anisopliae isolates Bondowoso with Steinernema sp. (M4), and M. anisopliae isolates Banyuwangi with Steinernema sp. (M5). Based on this research result, compatibility between the fungus M. anisopliae with entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema sp. was antagonistic. This occurs due to the symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus sp. that produced compounds antimycotic and capable to inhibit the growth of fungus M. anisopliae.
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Qian, Xiu Juan, Li Na Gu, Yu Fang Xing, and Chang ZHong Liu. "Entomopathogenic Nematodes Isolated from Gansu Province and Four New Species in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.328.
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With the morphological characters, anatomy and molecular biology research, 29 entomopathogenic nematodes populations isolated from Gansu province were identified and the resoult showed that they were 8 species of EPN, Steinernema feltiae,Steinernema bicornutum,Steinernema affin,Steinernema krusse and Steinernema karil were belong to Steinernema while Heterorhabditis brevicaudis,Heterorhabditis megidi and Heterorhabditis marelatu were belong to Heterorhabditis respectively. And what more research found that S. affin,S. krusse,S. karil and H. marelatu were new species in China.
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Grewal, P. S., E. E. Lewis, R. Gaugler, and J. F. Campbell. "Host finding behaviour as a predictor of foraging strategy in entomopathogenic nematodes." Parasitology 108, no. 2 (February 1994): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200006830x.
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SUMMARYForaging strategies of eight species of entomopathogenic nematodes were predicted from their response to host volatile cues and dispersal behaviour on 2-dimensional substrates. Positive directional response to chemical cues and similar distances travelled on smooth (agar) or nictation substrates (agar overlaid with sand grains) by Heterorhabditis bacterio-phora, Heterorhabditis megidis, Steinernema anomali, and Steinernema glaseri suggest their cruising approach to finding hosts. The absence of directional response and less distance travelled on nictation substrate, than on smooth agar by Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema scapterisci suggest their ambushing mode of foraging. Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema sp. responded directionally to host volatiles, but travelled less distance on the nictation substrate than on smooth agar; the two species also did not nictate. The cruiser species located hosts more effectively in the sand columns, whereas the ambushers were more effective at finding hosts on filter paper. Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema sp. performed equally on filter paper and in the sand column. We conclude that H. bacteriophora, H. megidis, S. anomali and S. glaseri cruise to find hosts, whereas S. carpocapsae and S. scapterisci ambush hosts. Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema sp. are intermediary in the search continuum sharing some characteristics of both ambush and cruise foragers.
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Mwaniki Ndiritu, Moses, Dora Kilalo, John Wangai Kimenju, and Shelmith Waruguru Mwaniki. "Pathogenicity of Selected Kenyan Entomopathogenic Nematodes of Genus Steinernema against Banana Weevil (Cosmopolites Sordidus)." Agriculture and Food Sciences Research 3, no. 1 (June 10, 2016): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.512/2016.3.1/512.1.29.36.
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Banana weevil is a pest with a great impact on banana production in the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity of the Kenyan entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of genus Steinernema against the weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) under laboratory conditions. Adult weevils were trapped from banana fields in Maragua, Central Kenya and larvae extracted from the infested banana rhizomes. The adults were treated with three Kenyan EPNs Steinernema weiseri, Steinernema yirgalemense and the new Steinernema spp and with Steinernema carpocapsae ALL strain as a standard and plain distilled water as a control in five replicates. The treatments were 500ijs, 750ijs and 1000ijs per adult on petri dishes and 1000ijs, 3000ijs and 5000ijs per adult on pseudo-stems. The treatments for larvae in petri dishes were 300ijs, 400ijs and 500ijs. The adults were not susceptible to all the nematodes at all doses and preparations while larvae were highly susceptible to the four test EPNs at all concentrations. There was a significant difference at P<0.05 in the mortality of larvae between nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema weiseri. A significant difference was observed between nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema yirgalemense. There was also a significant difference between the new Steinernema spp and Steinernema weiseri and finally in the two nematodes the new Steinernema spp and Steinernema yirgalemense. All the test nematodes caused over 90 % larval mortality within 48 hours. The mean percent mortality of larva increased with nematode concentration for all the test nematodes. The results indicated that the four test EPNs significantly (P<0.05) caused high mortality within 24-48 hrs. The findings indicate that the banana weevil larvae are susceptible to the local entomopathogenic nematodes and potentially useful in the management of the banana weevil. It is however recommended that more research be conducted on the formulation and application technology to enhance their effectiveness in the field.
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Kary, Naser Eivazian, Gholamreza Niknam, Seyed Abolgasem Mohammadi, Christine Griffin, and Mohammad Moghaddam. "A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in the north-west of Iran." Nematology 11, no. 1 (2009): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854108x398453.
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AbstractDuring 2002-2004, a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted for the first time in Iran throughout the three provinces in the north-west of the country. Soil samples were tested for the presence of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes by baiting with Galleria mellonella larvae. Of the 833 soil samples studied 27 were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes (3.2%), with 17 (2.0%) containing Heterorhabditis and ten (1.2%) Steinernema isolates. Morphological and molecular studies were carried out to characterise isolates. The Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema as Steinernema carpocapsae, S. bicornutum and S. feltiae. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was the most common species, which was isolated from 17 sites across the three provinces. Steinernema feltiae was the most common species of Steinernema, which was isolated from eight sites but in only two provinces. Steinernema carpocapsae and S. bicornutum were each isolated from only one site. Steinernema spp. were isolated mainly from orchards and grasslands but Heterorhabditis was isolated mainly from grasslands and alfalfa fields.
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Nikdel, Mostafa, Gholamreza Niknam, Christine T. Griffin, and Naser Eivazian Kary. "Diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) from Arasbaran forests and rangelands in north-west Iran." Nematology 12, no. 5 (2010): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855410x12628646276168.
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Abstract A survey for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) was carried out in the Arasbaran forests and rangelands, East Azarbaijan province, north-west Iran, during 2006 to 2008. A total of 691 soil samples were collected from 62 localities across the region of which 21 samples (3%) were positive for EPN, including nine samples (1.3%) with heterorhabditids and 12 (1.7%) with steinernematids. Seven isolates (four Steinernema and three Heterorhabditis) were recovered from rangelands and 14 (eight Steinernema and six Heterorhabditis) from forest soil samples. Based on morphology and molecular studies, the Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as H. bacteriophora and the Steinernema isolates as S. carpocapsae, S. bicornutum, S. feltiae, S. glaseri, S. kraussei and three undescribed species referred to here as Steinernema sp. IRAZ7, Steinernema sp. IRAZ13 and Steinernema sp. IRAZ21. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, the most common species, was present in nine soil samples collected across the forests and rangelands, and of the Steinernema species, S. bicornutum was obtained from three samples, the other species being found from only one or two samples.
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Qodiriyah, Qodiriyah, Didik Sulistyanto, and Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih. "Biological Control Entomopathogenic Nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema sp. Pest Control Termite Land As Coptotermes sp. and Microtermes sp. in The District Lumajang." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 16, no. 1 (October 30, 2015): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v16i1.1518.
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This research aims to find out the most effective concentration (LC50) and the most effective time (LT50) and to select a biological agent netamoda of nematodes Steinernema sp. dan Heterorhabditis sp. as the environmentally friendly biological control agents on the ground termite Coptotermes sp. and Microtermes sp. in Lumajang. All the data were analyzed by using the termite mortality percentage variance analysis. The LC50 and LT50 were tested by using the probit analysis. Therefore, the empirical probit values were obtained from the percentage of mortality after they were calculated by the Abbot formulation. The biological agents netamoda entomopathogenic Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema sp. had the high value on the pathogenicity of Coptotermes sp. and Microtermes sp., the LC50 values on Coptotermes sp. of nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. was 14.94 IJ/ml and Steinernema sp. was 15.22 IJ/ml., the LC50 values on Microtermes sp. of nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. was 16.54 IJ/ml and Steinernema sp. was 20.39 IJ/ml., the LT50 values on Coptotermes sp. of nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. was 1.29 hours and Steinernema sp. was 1.35 hours, and the LT50 values on Microtermes sp. of nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. was 2.14 hours and Steinernema sp. was 1.82 hours. Through pathogenicity test, the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. is more effective to control subterranean termites compared with the nematode Steinernema sp. This happens because Heterorhabditis sp. are actively engaged and looking for a host so that there are a large number of possibilities of contacting them with a very large subterranean termites.Keywords: Entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis sp., Steinernema sp., LC50, LT50
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López-Núñez, Juan Carlos, Liliana Cano, Carmenza Góngora-B., and S. Patricia Stock. "Diversity and evolutionary relationships of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) from the Central Andean region of Colombia." Nematology 9, no. 3 (2007): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854107781351972.
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Abstract A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) was conducted in the Central Andean region of Colombia. Out of a total of 945 soil samples, 28 (3%) were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes. Of them, 26 samples (92.8%) contained Steinernema and two (7.2%) harboured Heterorhabditis isolates. Characterisation of the recovered isolates was done by analysis of rDNA sequences. The large subunit of rDNA (28S) was considered for diagnosis of Steinernema species whereas the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of rDNA was used to identify Heterorhabditis isolates recovered in this study. Five Steinernema spp. were isolated and identified as S. websteri and four new, undescribed species. Steinernema websteri was isolated from two sites: Naranjal and Paraguaicito stations. At Naranjal, this species was recovered from a coffee plantation and a forest habitat surrounding these plantations. At Paraguaicito, the same species was recovered from a coffee-guamo habitat. Steinernema sp. 1 was collected from nogal cafetero (Cordia allaidora) groves and forest habitats at Paraguaicito station. Steinernema sp. 2 was found in coffee-guamo habitats both at Naranjal and Paraguaicito stations. Steinernema sp. 3 was the only EPN species recovered at Santa Barbara station in association with plantain. This species was also found at La Catalina station in association with forest habitats and also from soil samples taken from a landscaped area with Heliconia sp. and grass cover (Arachis pintoi) at Cenicafé La Granja station and a coffee-guamo habitat at Naranjal station. Steinernema sp. 4 was found at La Catalina in a forest habitat, also associated with Steinernema sp. 3 (isolate JCL002) and Heterorhabditis sp. 1 (isolate JCL 003). The Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as two undescribed Heterorhabditis spp. Heterorhabditis sp. 1 (isolate JCL003) was recovered at La Catalina station associated with a forest habitat. Heterorhabditis sp. 2 (isolate JCL040) was collected from a coffee-guamo habitat at Naranjal station. Although limited to one geographic region, this study suggests entomopathogenic nematodes in Colombia are quite diverse and are perhaps widely distributed in this country. A more intensive survey covering all geographic regions is currently underway.
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Sturhan, Dieter, and Marta Liskova. "Occurrence and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in the Slovak Republic." Nematology 1, no. 3 (1999): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199508261.
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AbstractInfective-stage juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis were recovered by direct extraction from 36% of a total of 111 soil samples collected in various biotopes from different regions of Slovakia. The rate of prevalence was highest in forest soil (58%). On the basis of morphological characters of the infective juveniles eight Steinernema and one Heterorhabditis species were distinguished. Steinernema affine, S. intermedium and S. feltiae were most prevalent (together 74% of all records). The other species of Steinernema encountered were S. kraussei, S. carpocapsae, S. bicornutum, a species of the S. glaseri group and an undescribed species earlier recorded from Germany. In 11 of the 40 soil samples positive for entomopathogenic nematodes mixtures of two to four species were present. Several species showed a distinct habitat preference, e.g., S. affine for arable soil and S. intermedium for woodland and river bank vegetation with trees. A preference for certain soil types was less apparent. Untersuchungen uber Vorkommen und Verbreitung entomopathogener Nematoden in der Slowakischen Republik - Insgesamt 111 Bodenproben, die in unterschiedlichen Biotopen aus verschiedenen Regionen der Slowakei entnommen worden waren, wurden auf entomopathogene Nematoden untersucht. Infektionsjuvenile der Gattungen Steinernema und Heterorhabditis waren uber eine direkte Extraktion der Nematoden aus dem Boden in 36% aller Proben nachweisbar. Der hochste Anteil "positiver" Proben fand sich bei Proben aus Waldern (58%). Anhand morphologischer Merkmale der Infektionsjuvenilen waren acht Steinernema Arten und eine Heterorhabditis-Art differenzierbar. Steinernema affine, S. intermedium und S. feltiae waren die haufigsten Arten (insgesamt 74% aller Nachweise). S. kraussei, S. carpocapsae, S. bicornutum, eine Steinernema-Art der S. glaseri-Gruppe und eine noch unbeschriebene Steinernema-Art (bereits aus Deutschland bekannt) und Heterorhabditis sp. wurden seltener gefunden. In 11 aller 40 "positiven" Proben kamen zwei bis vier Arten nebeneinander vor. Einige der Arten zeigten eine deutliche Bevorzugung bestimmter Biotoptypen, so S. affine von Acker- und Gartenboden und S. intermedium von Waldern und Ufervegetation mit Baumen. Eine Bevorzugung bestimmter Bodenarten war dagegen kaum erkennbar.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Steinernema"
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Bohan, David Andrew. "Modelling Steinernema feltiae population biology." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261776.
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Lucero, Valerie Vanessa. "Symbiont Specificity of Steinernema Puntauvense (Nematoda: Steinernematidae)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144561.
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Porter, Camille Eileen Finlinson. "A Tree Theory Case Study in Steinernema." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3504.
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It is widely assumed that current phylogenetic methods are fairly accurate at recovering the evolutionary relationships among different species, but evaluating the relative success of this enterprise is a difficult task. This study addresses some fundamental questions associated with generating phylogenetic trees. The complete genomes of five species of Steinernema were sequenced and assembled. Genes were predicted in AUGUSTUS and orthologous genes were found from those data using OrthoMCL. I aligned 3890 genes in MAFFT and eliminated poorly aligned positions with GBlocks. I created individual trees for each gene as well as a supermatrix tree in PAUP*, using a closely related taxon from another genus, Panagrellus redivivus. In the resulting gene trees, I found only a small subset of all the possible topologies. I discovered that the supermatrix tree has the same topology as the topology with the most gene trees in the gene-topology distribution. There are only a small number of histories for all of the genes and many of the genes have the same lineage. I bootstrapped the gene-topology distribution and found that the best-supported topology was sampled 22.1% of the time. I show that many genes must be sampled in order to converge on the topology with the most support from the gene trees in this dataset.
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Roder, Alexandra Catherine, and Alexandra Catherine Roder. "Influence of Xenorhabdus Symbionts on Gonad Development and Pheromone Production of First-Generation Adult Steinernema Nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626344.
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Entomopathogenic Steinernema nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) have a mutualistic relationship with Xenorhabdus bacteria (Gamma-Proteobacteria Enterobacteriaceae). The two partners form an insecticidal alliance that is successful in killing a wide range of insects. A few studies have shown that Steinernema IJs have an enhanced virulence and reproductive fitness when they associate with their cognate symbionts. However, there are unanswered questions regarding the physiological interactions that govern and perpetuate the interactions between different nematode developmental stages and their bacterial partners. In this study, we evaluated gonad development and maturation time of first-generation adults of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae adults when reared under four bacterial scenarios: a) cognate symbiotic, b) non-cognate symbiotic bacterial strain, c) non-cognate symbiotic bacterial species and d) non-symbiotic bacteria (Serratia proteamaculans). For comparative purposes, we also considered adult nematodes reared in vivo in Galleria mellonella larvae to assess nematode development under natural conditions. Furthermore, in this study we also measured production of nematode pheromones (ascarosides), which play a key role in mating and reproduction. For this purpose, we considered in vitro rearing methods (with cognate and non-cognate Xenorhabdus symbionts) to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize ascarosides produced by first-generation adults. Our data showed that for both Steinernema spp. tested, time to adult maturation and gonad development was tightly dependent on the bacterial conditions under which juveniles were reared. However, contrasting results were observed when assessing total body length and gonad size. S. feltiae males and females size (body length and width) and respective gonad length were smaller when reared with a non-cognate symbiotic species. Additionally, non-symbiotic bacteria did not sustain S. feltiae maturation to adult stages. Contrarily, S. carpocapsae juveniles developed to adults when reared with any of the bacterial conditions tested, including with non-symbiotic Serratia proteamaculans. Additionally, S. carpocapsae adults, unlike S. feltiae, did not exhibit enhanced body and gonad size when reared with their cognate symbiont. In fact, S. carpocapsae males and females had larger gonad lengths when reared with a non-cognate symbiotic strain, XnAna (X. nematophila associated with S. anatoliense). S. carpocapsae males and females had significantly underdeveloped gonads when reared with non-symbiotic bacteria. In both Steinernema spp., sex ratio was not impacted by the bacterial condition. However, sex ratio (female:male) S. carpocapsae, decreased from 2:1 to 1:1 when reared with non-symbiotic bacteria. The body and gonad sizes of Steinernema spp. reared in vitro with their cognate symbiont were significantly smaller than those grown in vivo. Ascaroside production in either Steinernema spp. was not significantly impacted by the rearing conditions. In S. carpocapsae, a significant increase in glucoside-1 was observed when the nematodes were reared with cognate or non-cognate bacteria. No detectable quantities of asc-C11 were produced by S. feltiae nematodes when reared with a non-cognate symbiotic bacterial species. We conclude that bacterial symbionts influenced maturation and development of first-generation adults’ in both Steinernema spp. tested in this study. However, response to the bacterial symbionts was species specific. Additionally, this study showed that Xenorhabdus as a food source plays an important role in the type and amount of ascarosides produced by Steinernema spp.
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He, Hongjun. "Thermal adaptation in Xenorhabdus spp., bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema spp." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0014/MQ42392.pdf.
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Barbara, Kathryn Ann. "Management of pest mole crickets using the insect parasitic nematode Steinernema scapterisci." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009590.
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Bortoluzzi, Lilian. "Avaliação do potencial de nematóides entomopatogênicos para o controle da broca-da-bananeira Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar, 1824)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2009. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1393.
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The black weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) is the main pest of banana crops in several regions of the world, causing significant losses in productivity of the culture. The larvae build galleries in the rhizome or pseudostem base, affecting the development of the plant and the fruits, beside favoring the installation of pathogenic microrganisms. The use of nematodes to control of the pest can be an alternative, mainly because the insect's habits make them a potential target of entomopathogenic nematodes. So, this study had the objectives to evaluate isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes in laboratory conditions to their use in controlling the borer. Sixteen isolates Sterinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae were tested, applied on pseudostem (100JIs/cm2). The evaluation was performed 7 days after application. After, the most virulent isolates were compared with each other for production of nematodes in cadavers of wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and also about his compatibility with the insecticide carbofuran. All isolates were pathogenic to the adults of C. sordidus, except the isolate SC (Steinernema carpocapsae). The most virulent isolates were CB24 and CB40 (both of the Heterorhabditidae), which caused respectively 33,3% and 36,7% of mortality. The two isolates showed high production of JIs. The insecticide was compatible with isolated CB40 and incompatible with CB24, nevertheless, CB24 showed better performance in combination with carbofuran
A broca-da-bananeira (Cosmopolites sordidus) é a principal praga dos cultivos de banana em várias regiões do mundo, acarretando perdas significativas na produtividade da cultura. As larvas constroem galerias no rizoma ou base do pseudocaule, afetando o desenvolvimento da planta e dos frutos, além de favorecer a instalação de microrganismos patogênicos. O uso de nematóides para o controle da praga pode ser uma alternativa, principalmente devido aos hábitos do inseto que os tornam um potencial alvo dos nematóides entomopatogênicos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar isolados de nematóides entomopatogênicos em condições de laboratório visando sua utilização no controle da broca. Foram testados 16 isolados pertencentes às famílias Sterinernematidae e Heterorhabditidae, aplicados sobre pseudocaule (100JIs/cm2). A avaliação foi realizada 7 dias após a aplicação. Os isolados mais eficientes foram comparados entre si quanto à produção de nematóides em cadáveres da traça dos favos (Galleria mellonella) e também quanto a sua compatibilidade com o inseticida carbofurano. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Verificou-se que exceto o isolado SC (Steinernema carpocapsae), todos os demais foram patogênicos aos adultos de C. sordidus. Os isolados mais virulentos foram o CB24 e CB40, os quais provocaram respectivamente 33,3% e 36,7% de mortalidade, ambos da família Heterorhabditidae. Os dois isolados apresentaram alta produção de JIs, não diferindo estatisticamente entre si. O inseticida foi compatível com o isolado CB40 e incompatível com CB24, mesmo assim, CB24 apresentou melhor desempenho em associação com carbofurano
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Lee, Ming-Min. "A Phylogenetic Hypothesis on the Evolution and Interactions of Xenorhabdus Spp. (Gamma-Proteobacteria) and Their Steinernema Hosts (Nematoda: Steinernematidae)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193414.
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Nematodes in the genus Steinernema (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) and their associated bacteria Xenorhabdus spp. (Gamma-Proteobacteria) are an emergent model of terrestrial animal-microbe symbiosis. Although interest in this association initially arose out of their potential as biocontrol agents against insect pests (Tanada and Kaya, 1993), this mutualistic partnership is currently viewed more broadly under the umbrella of basic sciences to inform ecology, evolution, biochemistry, molecular, among other disciplines (Burnell and Stock, 2000; Forst and Clarke, 2002).Despite advances in the discovery and field application of this nematode-bacterium partnership, and the growing popularity of this model system, relatively little has been published to uncover the evolutionary facets of their association. This study adds to the body of knowledge regarding nematode-bacteria symbiosis by 1) producing novel, multi-gene phylogenies for Steinernema and Xenorhabdus; 2) proposing a possible scenario for historical association in the form of a cophylogenetic hypothesis; 3) describing a newly discovered Steinernema species from France.
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Yu, Hao. "Parasitism of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae: Termitidae) by Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae: Heterorhabditidae)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195263.
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The biological control of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae; Termitidae) using entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae; Heterorhabditidae) (EPN) was investigated. The desert subterranean termite Heterotermes aureus Snyder was found to be very susceptible to Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar and Raulston. In laboratory bioassays S. riobrave (355, TP, 3-8b and 7-12 strains), S. carpocapsae Weiser (Mexican 33 strain), S. feltiae Filipjev (UK76 strain), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (HP88 strain) were all capable of infecting and killing H. aureus, Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar, R. virginicus Banks, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Gnathamitermes perplexus Banks. In sand assays, S. riobrave caused > 90% H. aureus mortality in 3 days and 100% mortality by day 5 at 22 °C. TP strain of S. riobrave caused 75% R. flavipes mortality and 90.91% C. formosanus mortality in 7 days. EPNs utilizing termites as hosts produced smaller sized offspring, with the exception of S. feltiae. Stunted females of S. feltiae were frequently found in termite cadavers, but no progeny. Small IJs of S. carpocapsae, S. riobrave and H. bacteriophora infect, reproduce and form normal size IJs after subsequent infection in Galleria mellonella L. The progeny of small IJs were as effective as the normal size IJs, with regard to subsequent induced mortality, under the conditions tested. In laboratory two-container choice experiments, H. aureus were repelled by EPN treated areas for up to 10 days at 10,000 IJs per device. The repellency threshold was found to vary among nematodes species. We hypothesis that it is the physical movement of the nematodes that repels the termites. Temperature is a key factor affecting nematode pathogenicity. Temperature tolerance of the nematodes varied between species. After a gradual heat adaptation process, S. riobrave and H. bacteriophora caused significantly higher H. aureus mortality at 32 °C compared with original laboratory cultured strains. Further work may result in the contribution of commercially available strains with enhanced heat tolerance. Preliminary field studies confirmed EPN protection of a structure, however, termites began to reinfest 4 weeks after the application. Additional tests are necessary to provide more evidence before we can conclude nematodes as useful in the field.
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Bisch, Gaëlle. "Les bactéries entomopathogènes du genre Xenorhabdus : description pathologique et génomique de souches à la virulence atténuée." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20050/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les entérobactéries du genre Xenorhabdus sont pathogènes de larves d'insectes et symbiotiques de nématodes du genre Steinernema. En lutte biologique, les couples Steinernema-Xenorhabdus sont utilisés contre un large spectre d'insectes ravageurs de culture. Les deux partenaires du couple modèle Steinernema carpocapsae-Xenorhabdus nematophila peuvent être expérimentalement dissociés tout en restant pathogènes pour les insectes. En revanche, certaines souches de Xenorhabdus sont non-virulentes lorsqu'elles sont injectées directement dans une larve d'insecte. L'objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser deux souches non-virulentes de Xenorhabdus, X. poinarii G6 (Xp G6) et X. bovienii CS03 (Xb CS03). Les souches appartenant à l'espèce non-virulente X. poinarii possèdent des génomes de petite taille. Nous avons mis en évidence un phénomène de réduction génomique due à la délétion de larges régions génomiques chez la souche Xp G6. Cette évolution pourrait avoir eu lieu suite à un transfert des fonctions bactériennes de virulence à son nématode hôte et/ou à sa spécialisation envers certains coléoptères. Au sein de l'espèce X. bovienii, Xb CS03 est non-virulente par injection dans les lépidoptères Spodoptera littoralis et Galleria mellonella. Par rapport à d'autres couples némato-bactériens Steinernema sp.-X. bovienii, le couple formé par Xb CS03 et son nématode symbiotique S. weiseri 583 présente également une virulence atténuée sur ces lépidoptères. Le génome de Xb CS03 est de très grande taille et contient un grand nombre de gènes dégradés (pseudogènes). Une comparaison génomique entre Xb CS03 et une souche virulente appartenant à la même espèce, X. bovienii SS-2004 (Xb SS-2004), montre que Xb CS03 est plus riche que Xb SS-2004 en gènes codant des chaînes d'assemblage enzymatiques NRPS/PKS (non-ribosomal peptide synthase/polyketide synthethase) produisant des métabolites antimicrobiens potentiels. A l'inverse, Xb SS-2004 contient davantage de gènes codant des facteurs de virulence de type hémolysine, adhésine ou systèmes de sécrétion. Ceci suggère deux scénarios évolutifs différents, privilégiant une forte virulence pour Xb SS-2004 et l'élimination des compétiteurs au sein du cadavre de l'insecte pour Xb CS03. Enfin, une recherche de facteurs de virulence potentiels a été effectuée par une approche de génomique comparative entre les souches non-virulentes Xp G6 et Xb CS03, d'une part et trois souches de Xenorhabdus virulentes, d'autre part. L'analyse fonctionnelle de gènes candidats a été entamée. En conclusion, la caractérisation de nouveaux modèles bactériens dans le genre Xenorhabdus ouvre le champ à l'identification de nouvelles stratégies de virulence et de nouveaux facteurs de virulence chez les bactéries entomopathogènesXenorhabdus are enterobacteria pathogenic of insect larvae and symbiotic of nematodes from the Steinernema genus. The Steinernema-Xenorhabdus associations are used against a wide range of insect pests. The two partners of the model Steinernema carpocapsae-Xenorhabdus nematophila association can be experimentally dissociated. Each partner is pathogenic for insect larvae. Contrarily, some other Xenorhabdus strains are non-virulent when injected directly into insect larvae. In this thesis, we characterized two non-virulent Xenorhabdus strains, X. poinarii G6 (Xp G6) and X. bovienii CS03 (Xb CS03). Strains from the X. poinarii species had small-sized genomes. We showed that the Xp G6 strain had undergone a genome reduction due to the deletion of large genomic regions. Transfer of virulence functions from the bacteria to the nematode and/or the specialization of the association towards coleopteran insects are likely the cause of this evolution. Within the X. bovienii species, Xb CS03 was non-virulent strain when injected into the Spodoptera littoralis and Galleria mellonella lepidopteran insects. When compared to other Steinernema-X. bovienii pairs, the association between Xb CS03 and its symbiotic nematode S. weiseri 583 had also a lower virulence on those insects. Xb CS03 had a large-sized genome and harbored numerous degraded genes (pseudogenes). Genome comparison between Xb CS03 and a virulent strain from the same species, X. bovienii SS-2004 (Xb SS-2004), showed that Xb CS03 contained more loci encoding NRPS/PKS enzymes (non-ribosomal peptide synthase/polyketide synthethase), producing potential antimicrobial metabolites, than Xb SS-2004. On the other hand, Xb SS-2004 contained more genes encoding virulence factors such as hemolysins, adhesins or secretion systems. This suggests that the two strains followed different evolutionary scenarios, favoring strong virulence in Xb SS-2204 and elimination of competitors for Xb CS03.Finally, we searched for potential virulence factors by comparing the genomes of the non-virulent strains Xp G6 and Xb CS03 with three virulent strains. Functional analyses of the candidates are in progress. In conclusion, characterizing new bacterial models in the Xenorhabdus genus paves the way for the identification of new virulence strategies and new virulence genes in entomopathogenic bacteria
Books on the topic "Steinernema"
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Speranzini, Donna Gwendolyn. Molecular systematics of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Steinernema"
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Frank, J. Howard. "Steinernema scapterisci as a Biological Control Agent of Scapteriscus Mole Crickets." In Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods, 115–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8560-4_7.
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Askary, Tarique Hassan, M. Jamal Ahmad, A. R. Wani, Sajad Mohiddin, and Muneer Ahmad Sofi. "Behavioural Ecology of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis for Insect Biocontrol." In Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 31, 425–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94232-2_8.
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Jonak, Ulf. "Steinerne Schwämme." In Essays zur Architektur, 53–55. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19129-0_12.
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Drews, Jörg. "Schmidt, Arno: Das steinerne Herz." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_19196-1.
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Adler, Hans. "Aisthesis, steinernes Herz und geschmeidige Sinne." In Der ganze Mensch: Anthropologie und Literatur im 18. Jahrhundert, 96–111. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05560-6_6.
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Jäschke, Thomas. "Digitale Zukunft – Der steinerne Weg der M-Health-Evolution." In Digitale Transformation von Dienstleistungen im Gesundheitswesen I, 175–83. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12258-4_12.
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Schultz, Hartwig. "Brentano, Clemens: Godwi oder Das steinerne Bild der Mutter." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_6082-1.
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Chorowska, Małgorzata, and Czesław Lasota. "Die steinerne Bebauung der Ring- und Straßenzeilen im mittelalterlichen Breslau." In Breslau und Krakau im Hoch- und Spätmittelalter, 77–106. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/boehlau.9783412216061.77.
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Ledderose, Lothar. "Ein Programm für den Weltuntergang: Die Steinerne Bibliothek Eines Klosters bei Peking." In Heidelberger Jahrbücher, 15–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77094-4_2.
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Wolze, Waldemar. "Das steinerne Schreibpalettenfragment Inv.- Nr. 1935,200,154 des Minmose im Museum August Kestner, Hannover." In En détail – Philologie und Archäologie im Diskurs, edited by Marc Brose, Peter Dils, Franziska Naether, Lutz Popko, and Dietrich Raue, 1321–38. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110629705-063.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Steinernema"
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Đekanović, Radijana, and Branimir Nježić. "REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF TWO SPECIES OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES ON GRATE WAX MOTH LARVAE (GALLERIA MELLONELLA)." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.413dj.
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Local populations of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae andS. feltiaewere tested in laboratory conditions with the aim to evaluate their reproductive potential on the larvae of grate wax moth (Galleria mellonella). The optimal productivity of infective dauers was obtained with the dose of 60 and 120 nematodes per larva, of 285.283,3 and 114.018 nematodes per cadaver, or 1.506 and 546,7 nematodes per mg of an insect. Both strains revealed high virulence and good reproducibility and present potential for application as biological control agents.
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Majić, Ivana, Ankica Sarajlić, Doris Dorić, Petra Mazur, Alenka Tambolaš, Marina Mađar, Helena Ereš, Gabriella Kanižai Šarić, and Anita Liška. "Mortality of the Red Flour Beetle (<em>Tribolium castaneum</em>) when Exposed to Croatian Strain of Entomopathogenic Nematodes <em>Steinernema feltiae</em>." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Entomology. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iece-10361.
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Lankin-Vega, Gabriela. "Steinernemasp. isolate Lican Ray: A good candidate for biological control of cutworms, Agrotissp." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112187.
Full textReports on the topic "Steinernema"
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Gaugler, Randy, Itamar Glazer, Daniel Segal, and Sarwar Hashmi. Molecular Approach for Improving the Stability of Insecticidal Nematodes. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580680.bard.
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Our overall goal is to improve insecticidal nematodes by genetically engineering strains capable of entering an enhanced state of dormancy that provides improved stability. Objectives: 1. Clone and sequence tps-l homologue from Steinernema carpocapsae. (Revised: A failure to isolate the tps gene group from Steinernema precipitated a redirection to identifying other genes involved in insecticidal nematode desiccation process.) 2. Incorporate cloned tps-l gene into S. carpocapsae to obtain overexpression, thereby, enhancing desiccation tolerance. (Revised: Other stress genes in addition to tps-l genes were cloned and efforts at expression in S. carpocapsae were conducted) 3. Characterize the transgenic strains. No other biological control agent offers more impressive attributes than insecticidal nematodes. However, their potential is limited by the bane of nearly all biological control agents: poor stability. This leads to inadequate shelf-life and ultimately reduced field efficacy. Nematode storage is based on desiccation, yet insecticidal species are only capable of partial desiccation termed quiescent anhydrobiosis. Overwhelming evidence has shown that when the disaccharide compound trehalose is elevated in anhydrobiotic organisms such as yeast, plants, and nematodes it enables these organisms the ability to survive environmental stresses i.e., desiccation. Armed with this information our goal was to improve insecticidal nematodes stability by engineering trehalose overexpression.
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Durán, Laura D., Julián Ossa, Ana M. Caicedo, and Arturo Carabali Muñoz. Métodos de aplicación de nematodos entomopatógenos para control de Compsus viridivittatus Guérin-Méneville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2016.10.
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El picudo C. viridivittatus se consideró uno de los principales limitantes fitosanitarios del cultivo de cítricos en regiones productoras de Colombia, se considera una plaga de doble acción, ya que la larva causa daño en raíces y el adulto en hojas. El estado de larva es el más dañino, éstas caen al suelo y se entierran rápidamente para proceder a su alimentación, inicialmente lo hacen de raicillas y pelos absorbentes para después alimentarse de raíces más gruesas consumiendo la epidermis y cortezas de las raíces secundarias y de la raíz pivotante. Los daños causados por los estados larvarios no solo afectan el rendimiento, sino el tamaño y la calidad del fruto. Los nematodos entomopatógenos son considerados una de las principales estrategias de reducción de poblaciones de insectos plagas, que cumplen una fase biológica en el suelo. En este sentido, estudios recientes permitieron identificar especies de nematodos nativos de los géneros Heterorhabditis sp. y Steinernema sp. Como reguladores biológicos promisorios para el manejo de poblaciones de adultos y larvas de C. viridivitattus.
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Heinz, Kevin, Itamar Glazer, Moshe Coll, Amanda Chau, and Andrew Chow. Use of multiple biological control agents for control of western flower thrips. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613875.bard.
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The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious widespread pest of vegetable and ornamental crops worldwide. Chemical control for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on floriculture or vegetable crops can be difficult because this pest has developed resistance to many insecticides and also tends to hide within flowers, buds, and apical meristems. Predatory bugs, predatory mites, and entomopathogenic nematodes are commercially available in both the US and Israel for control of WFT. Predatory bugs, such as Orius species, can suppress high WFT densities but have limited ability to attack thrips within confined plant parts. Predatory mites can reach more confined habitats than predatory bugs, but kill primarily first-instar larvae of thrips. Entomopathogenic nematodes can directly kill or sterilize most thrips stages, but have limited mobility and are vulnerable to desiccation in certain parts of the crop canopy. However, simultaneous use of two or more agents may provide both effective and cost efficient control of WFT through complimentary predation and/or parasitism. The general goal of our project was to evaluate whether suppression of WFT could be enhanced by inundative or inoculative releases of Orius predators with either predatory mites or entomopathogenic nematodes. Whether pest suppression is best when single or multiple biological control agents are used, is an issue of importance to the practice of biological control. For our investigations in Texas, we used Orius insidiosus(Say), the predatory mite, Amblyseius degeneransBerlese, and the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot). In Israel, the research focused on Orius laevigatus (Fieber) and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema felpiae. Our specific objectives were to: (1) quantify the spatial distribution and population growth of WFT and WFT natural enemies on greenhouse roses (Texas) and peppers (Israel), (2) assess interspecific interactions among WFT natural enemies, (3) measure WFT population suppression resulting from single or multiple species releases. Revisions to our project after the first year were: (1) use of A. swirskiiin place of A. degeneransfor the majority of our predatory mite and Orius studies, (2) use of S. felpiaein place of Thripinema nicklewoodi for all of the nematode and Orius studies. We utilized laboratory experiments, greenhouse studies, field trials and mathematical modeling to achieve our objectives. In greenhouse trials, we found that concurrent releases of A.degeneranswith O. insidiosusdid not improve control of F. occidentalis on cut roses over releases of only O. insidiosus. Suppression of WFT by augmentative releases A. swirskiialone was superior to augmentative releases of O. insidiosusalone and similar to concurrent releases of both predator species on cut roses. In laboratory studies, we discovered that O. insidiosusis a generalist predator that ‘switches’ to the most abundant prey and will kill significant numbers of A. swirskiior A. degeneransif WFTbecome relatively less abundant. Our findings indicate that intraguild interactions between Orius and Amblyseius species could hinder suppression of thrips populations and combinations of these natural enemies may not enhance biological control on certain crops. Intraguild interactions between S. felpiaeand O. laevigatus were found to be more complex than those between O. insidiosusand predatory mites. In laboratory studies, we found that S. felpiaecould infect and kill either adult or immature O. laevigatus. Although adult O. laevigatus tended to avoid areas infested by S. felpiaein Petri dish arenas, they did not show preference between healthy WFT and WFT infected with S. felpiaein choice tests. In field cage trials, suppression of WFT on sweet-pepper was similar in treatments with only O. laevigatus or both O. laevigatus and S. felpiae. Distribution and numbers of O. laevigatus on pepper plants also did not differ between cages with or without S. felpiae. Low survivorship of S. felpiaeafter foliar applications to sweet-pepper may explain, in part, the absence of effects in the field trials. Finally, we were interested in how differential predation on different developmental stages of WFT (Orius feeding on WFT nymphs inhabiting foliage and flowers, nematodes that attack prepupae and pupae in the soil) affects community dynamics. To better understand these interactions, we constructed a model based on Lotka-Volterra predator-prey theory and our simulations showed that differential predation, where predators tend to concentrate on one WFT stage contribute to system stability and permanence while predators that tend to mix different WFT stages reduce system stability and permanence.