Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stellites

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Stellites'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Stellites"

1

Hasan, Md Shahanur, Abdul Md Mazid, and Richard Clegg. "The Basics of Stellites in Machining Perspective." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 1, no. 2 (December 19, 2016): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.01.02.2016.01.

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Stellites are cobalt (Co)-based superalloys available in two main combinations: (a) a Tungsten (W) group with composition of Co-Cr-W-C, and (b) a Molybdenum (Mo) group containing Co-Cr-Mo-C. Stellites possess outstanding corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, heat resistance, and low magnetic permeability. Components made of stellites work well in highly corrosive environments and maintain these advantageous properties at elevated temperatures. Components made of stellites are widely used in the oil and gas, automotive, nuclear power, paper and pulp, chemical and petrochemical, refineries, automobile, aerospace and aircraft industries. By virtue of their nonmagnetic, anticorrosive and non-reactivity to human body-fluid properties, stellites are used in medical surgery and in surgical tools, tooth and bone implants and replacements, heart valves, and in heart pacemakers. The hardness range of stellites is from 32 to 55 HRC, which makes stellites brittle materials but they have a low Young’s modulus. Due to their high hardness, dense but non-homogeneous molecular structure and lower thermal conductivity, machining operations for parts made of stellites are extremely difficult, categorising stellites as difficult-to-machine materials like Ti-alloys, inconels, composites and stainless steels. Usually, machine components made of stellites are produced by a deposition method onto steel substrates instead of expensive solid stellite bars. The rough surfaces of deposited stellites are then finished by grinding, rather than some other economic machining process, which is costly and time-consuming, making stellite products very expensive. This paper provides a basic overview of stellites applicable in engineering, their significances and specific applications, advantages and disadvantages in respect of machining processes.A brief review on experimental research on economically rational cutting parameters for turning operations of Stellite 6 using coated carbide inserts is presented in this paper. Interesting facts on the residual stresses induced by machining processes in Stellite 6 are revealed and analysed. The microhardness variation of machined surfaces of stellite 6 using different tool geometries is investigated in this research review. It is revealed that coated carbide inserts with a medium-size nose radius perform better in respect of hardness changes and heat generation, producing minimum phase changes on machined surfaces of stellite 6.
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Hasan, Md Shahanur, Md Mazid Abdul, and Richard E. Clegg. "Optimisation of the Machining of Stellite 6 PTA Hardfacing Using Surface Roughness." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.227.

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Stellites are cobalt based super alloys. By virtue of their excellent physio-mechanical properties, stellites are highly regarded engineering materials. Stellites posses high corrosion resistance and wear resistance properties. This study investigates the Stellite deposition process and machinability of Stellite 6 deposited on steel subtrate. Stellite 6 was deposited onto a 4140 bar using a plasma transfer arc (PTA) system and machinability was assessed on the basis of surface roughness. A series of turning operations have been carried out on a conventional lathe using coated carbide inserts and surface roughness was evaluated by Stylus type Surtronic3+ instrument. The values of surface roughness were plotted against different cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut to display the results in graphical forms. Optimal cutting regimes were established against the best values of surface roughness.
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Szala, Mirosław, Dariusz Chocyk, Anna Skic, Mariusz Kamiński, Wojciech Macek, and Marcin Turek. "Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092324.

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From the wide range of engineering materials traditional Stellite 6 (cobalt alloy) exhibits excellent resistance to cavitation erosion (CE). Nonetheless, the influence of ion implantation of cobalt alloys on the CE behaviour has not been completely clarified by the literature. Thus, this work investigates the effect of nitrogen ion implantation (NII) of HIPed Stellite 6 on the improvement of resistance to CE. Finally, the cobalt-rich matrix phase transformations due to both NII and cavitation load were studied. The CE resistance of stellites ion-implanted by 120 keV N+ ions two fluences: 5 × 1016 cm−2 and 1 × 1017 cm−2 were comparatively analysed with the unimplanted stellite and AISI 304 stainless steel. CE tests were conducted according to ASTM G32 with stationary specimen method. Erosion rate curves and mean depth of erosion confirm that the nitrogen-implanted HIPed Stellite 6 two times exceeds the resistance to CE than unimplanted stellite, and has almost ten times higher CE reference than stainless steel. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that NII of HIPed Stellite 6 favours transformation of the ε(hcp) to γ(fcc) structure. Unimplanted stellite ε-rich matrix is less prone to plastic deformation than γ and consequently, increase of γ phase effectively holds carbides in cobalt matrix and prevents Cr7C3 debonding. This phenomenon elongates three times the CE incubation stage, slows erosion rate and mitigates the material loss. Metastable γ structure formed by ion implantation consumes the cavitation load for work-hardening and γ → ε martensitic transformation. In further CE stages, phases transform as for unimplanted alloy namely, the cavitation-inducted recovery process, removal of strain, dislocations resulting in increase of γ phase. The CE mechanism was investigated using a surface profilometer, atomic force microscopy, SEM-EDS and XRD. HIPed Stellite 6 wear behaviour relies on the plastic deformation of cobalt matrix, starting at Cr7C3/matrix interfaces. Once the Cr7C3 particles lose from the matrix restrain, they debond from matrix and are removed from the material. Carbides detachment creates cavitation pits which initiate cracks propagation through cobalt matrix, that leads to loss of matrix phase and as a result the CE proceeds with a detachment of massive chunk of materials.
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Cabrol, Elodie, Christine Boher, Vanessa Vidal, Farhad Rezai-Aria, and Fabienne Touratier. "A Wear Damage Assessment of High Temperature Forging Tool." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.103.

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High temperature forging tools are highly damaged by wear shearing under cyclic loading which reduces the life of tools. In real conditions, depending upon the tool areas, the level of wear can change. The surfaces of tools can be treated by cobalt-based hardfacing using different welding processes. This study focuses on tribological damages of Stellite 21 deposited by MIG process. Wear tests are carried out at room and high temperature on a ring on disc tribometer under high normal load. Different testing conditions are examined. The surface plastic strain due to the friction shear stresses is demonstrated by different methods like SEM observations, micro-hardness measurements and XRD analyses. More particularly, it is shown that the initial (200) crystallographic preferred orientation due to the welding process is modified into (111) crystallographic preferred orientation due to shear stresses regardless the loading. Moreover, a relationship between the gradient of the plastic shear strain at the friction subsurface and the level of the micro-hardness measurement has been established. In regard of the results, when the shear strain exceeds a threshold, the micro-hardness measurement is stabilised. The ultimate value could be induced by the stacking fault energy that is considered as weak in Stellites.
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Atkinson, Helen V. "Alloys for Semi-Solid Processing." Solid State Phenomena 192-193 (October 2012): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.192-193.16.

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The main alloys which have been semi-solid processed commercially are based on aluminium (particularly the cast compositions) and magnesium. There is a strong drive to broaden the range of alloys to the wrought compositions for aluminium, more creep-resistant magnesium recipes and to higher temperature alloys such as those based on copper, steels, stellites and cast irons. This paper will summarise the issues with such development including the scientific and practical issues for alloy design and the thermodynamic prediction of alloys suitable for semi-solid processing. After an initial introduction to semi-solid processing routes, the most important alloy systems for semi-solid processing from a development point of view (aluminium, magnesium, steels and composites- including nanocomposites) will be discussed. The key issues of alloy design specifically for semi-solid processing will be drawn out through the text.
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Peng, Li. "Microstructures and Wear Resistance of Laser Melting Deposited Composites on Ati-Alloy." Advanced Composites Letters 22, no. 2 (March 2013): 096369351302200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351302200203.

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This work is based on the dry sliding wear of Stellite 4-FeSi-B4C composites deposited on a TA10 titanium alloy using a Laser melting deposition (LMD) technique, the parameters of which are such as to provide almost crack-free composites with very low porosity. To our knowledge, it is the first time that Stellite4-FeSi-B4C mixed powders are deposited as the hard composites by the LMD technique. Scanning electron microscope results indicate the nanoscale particles and nanorods are produced in such composites. Furthermore, due to the characteristics of the laser technology, the ultrafine nanoscale polycrystalline phases can be easily produced. Compared with a TA10 alloy substrate, the improvements of the micro-hardness and wear resistance are obtained for such composites.
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Ribeiro, Hélio Ormeu, Augusto José de Almeida Buschinelli, Jair Carlos Dutra, and Ana Sofia Clímaco Monteiro D´Oliveira. "Resistência à erosão por cavitação de aços inoxidáveis austeníticos CrMnSiN depositados por PTA." Soldagem & Inspeção 15, no. 2 (June 2010): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-92242010000200006.

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A erosão por cavitação deteriora componentes em serviço, tais como partes metálicas de bombas de água, válvulas e, em especial, pás de turbinas hidráulicas, sendo nesse último caso responsável por elevados prejuízos ligados tanto aos custos da manutenção direta, como sobretudo às perdas por interrupção na geração de energia elétrica. Dentre os materiais aplicados no reparo por soldagem de danos por cavitação incluem-se aços inoxidáveis tradicionais tipo AISI 308 e 309, aços inoxidáveis ao Co e ligas à base de Co (stellites), caracterizando-se essas últimas pela maior sensibilidade a trincas, dificuldade de esmerilhamento e pelo mais alto custo. Nesse contexto este trabalho buscou formular, depositar e analisar o desempenho de aços inoxidáveis austeníticos CrMnSiN, soldados pelo processo PTA. A resistência à erosão por cavitação foi avaliada segundo a norma ASTM G 32-92. A microestrutura foi caracterizada por microscopia ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a formação de martensitas α' e ε, induzida pela cavitação, foi avaliada por difração de raios-X. A integridade da superfície dos depósitos foi controlada por END, além disso a dureza e a facilidade de acabamaneto por esmerilhamento serviram como critérios para avaliar os revestimentos soldados. Verificou-se que os revestimentos aplicados por PTA eram livres de trincas de solidificação, com baixa porosidade, boa molhabilidade e adequado acabamento superficial. A melhor liga inoxidável austenítica elaborada (0,03%C; 0,35% N; 13,2%Cr; 11,8% Mn; 2,8%Si; bal %Fe) mostrou uma resistência à erosão por cavitação próxima aquela das principais ligas comerciais.
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J, Hemanandh, Sharmila Hemanandh, S. Ganesan, S. Venkatesh, J. Cyril Praveenraj, and Ashokan Vikram. "Investigation of Bio-Diesel in Uncoated Piston Head Vs Bio-Diesel in Coated Head." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012014.

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Abstract The need for less carbon content in fuel, as well as an increase in energy consumption, has paved the way for the development of alternative fuel for engines. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional fuel. Thermal barrier coating reduces heat transfer to the cooling system while the engine is idle and protects engine components from high thermal stresses. This paper investigates the blending of waste fish fry methyl esters in a single cylinder, four stroke DI diesel engine with a stellite-6 coated engine head. In this study, waste fish fry oil (WFFO) was transesterified with methanol and a NaOH catalyst. The methyl esters were obtained, and various test fuels were made (WFFO10, WFFO20, WFFO30) These blended samples were fired up in the DI diesel engine, and performance tests were conducted. Engine characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and engine emissions were measured for the stellite6 coated cylinder head.
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Mishra, N. K., A. K. Rai, S. B. Mishra, and R. Kumar. "Hot Corrosion Behaviour of Detonation Gun Sprayed Stellite-6 and Stellite-21 Coating on Boiler Steel SAE 431 at 900°C." International Journal of Corrosion 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/146391.

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Hot corrosion is the serious problem in gas turbines, superheaters, and economizers of coal-fired boilers. It occurs due to the usage of wide range of fuels such as coal, oil, and so on at the elevated temperatures. Protective coatings on boiler steels are used under such environments. In the present investigation, Stellite-6 and Stellite-21 coatings have been deposited on boiler steel SAE 431 by detonation gun method. The hot corrosion performance of Stellite-6 and Stellite-21 coated as well as uncoated SAE 431 steel has been evaluated in aggressive environment of Na2SO4-82%Fe2(SO4)3under cyclic conditions at an elevated temperature of 900°C for total duration of 50 cycles. Thermogravimetric technique was used to approximate the kinetics of hot corrosion. Stellite-6 coating imparted better hot corrosion resistance than Stellite-21 coating in the given environment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface of hot corrosion products.
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Xu, Yang Tao, Tian Dong Xia, Wen Jun Zhao, and Xi Jing Wang. "Corrosion Behavior of Cobalt-Based Stellite 6 Alloy by Combustion Synthesis and Vacuum Induction Melting." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1891.

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Cobalt-based Stellite 6 alloy rely primarily on carbides, forming in the Co matrix and grain boundaries, for their strength and the distribution, size and shape of carbides depend on processing conditions. We have employed microstructure and corrosion behavior of Stellite 6 by combustion synthesis and vacuum induction melting with scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microscopy analysis. The results show that there are significant uniformity on microstructure and corrosion behavior of Stellite 6 by different techniques. The combustion synthesis has more advantages over conventional manufacturing process for Stellite 6.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stellites"

1

Persson, Daniel H. E. "On the Mechanisms behind the Tribological Performance of Stellites." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6201.

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Werry, Arnaud. "Développement de matériaux multi échelles anti usure et anticorrosion pour remplacement des stellites en milieu nucléaire." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0111/document.

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Le remplacement des Stellites, un superalliage base cobalt, en milieu nucléaire dans certaines parties du réacteur en milieu primaire a été étudié depuis les années soixante. Plusieurs nuances de revêtements base Fer et Nickel, sans ou avec très peu de cobalt, ont été développées dans ce sens. La quatrième génération de centrale impose également des conditions de fonctionnement très sévère pour les revêtements durs. L’idée principale de ce travail de thèse est de renforcer des nuances commerciales de superalliages base nickel avec des particules micrométriques et sub-micrométriques d’alumine par plasma d’arc transféré, Cold Spray et coprojection plasma simultanée de poudre et de suspension.Pour les dépôts PTA, l’analyse des dépôts a montré un raffinement de la microstructure mais une répartition inhomogène de l’alumine. L’ajout d’alumine n’a pas influé sur la microdureté des dépôts mais a permis d’améliorer la résistance à l’usure abrasive sous air. Les dépôts obtenus par projection plasma, en combinant projection classique de poudre et de suspension d’alumine, ont montrés un meilleur comportement tribologique sous conditions particulières. Les effets de l’ajout d’alumine dans la matrice ont été étudiés en observant la microstructure et en comparant les propriétés mécaniques des dépôts (micro dureté, et tests tribologiques représentatifs de l’application) pour différents taux de renforts (de 0 à 13% pds)
In nuclear plants, the replacement of hardfacing Stellite, a cobalt-base alloy, on parts of the piping system in connection with the reactor has been investigated since the late 60’s. Various Fe-base or Ni-base alloys, Co-free or with a low content of Co, have been developed in this aim. The 4th generation nuclear plants impose additional or more stringent requirements for hardfacing materials. The idea developed in this work is to reinforce commercial nickel base alloy with addition of micrometric and sub-micrometric alumina particles by Plasma Transferred Arc welding, Cold Spray and simultaneous conventional and suspension plasma spray.For PTA Coatings, the examination of coatings revealed a refinement of the microstructure but an inhomogeneous alumina distribution. The addition of alumina particles did not improve the micro-hardness of coatings but improve their resistance to ambient air abrasive wear.The coatings prepared by plasma spraying, combining powder of metallic matrix and suspension of ceramic particles, showed better tribological performance under particular conditions. The effect of the addition of ceramic particles in the matrix was investigated by observing the microstructure of coatings, and comparing their mechanical behavior (micro hardness and tribological tests representative of the application) for different ceramic particle contents (from 0 to 13 wt%)
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Daumer, Tomáš. "Navařování Stellitem na ocel 1.4122." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254458.

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Master‘s thesis describes issues of stainless steel welding. The analysis carries out the stainless steel‘s state of art in term of welding, chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties. Experimet is based on cladding of Stellite alloys to martensitic stainless steel X39CrMo17-1. The practical part describes the used devices and carries out evaluation of specifically designed heat input, macrostructure and hardness.
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Yu, Hao. "The microstructure and tribo-mechanical properties of HIPed stellite alloys." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2159.

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Gehring, Junior Waldemar [UNESP]. "Desempenho do stellite como material de ferramenta no serramento da madeira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94387.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gehringjunior_w_me_guara.pdf: 18287004 bytes, checksum: 736e773d746f989051987a24251619b8 (MD5)
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O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise de parâmetros para a seleção de material de ferramenta de corte indicando o uso do Stellite como alternativa para obter melhor produtividade nas serrarias de desdobro de madeiras no Brasil. Para tanto, estudou-se as inter relações entre a propriedades físico químicas de espécies de madeira tropical e o processamento mecânico de desdobro das mesmas, além das origens do desgaste dos materiais empregados como ferramenta de corte. Foram realizados experimentos para determinar as características de densidade básica, teor de sílica e acidez de algumas espécies de madeira tropicais. As espécies estudadas foram: Angelim vermelho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke), Angelim pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke), Maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier), Itaúba (Mezilourus lindaviana Schwacke & Mez), Mandioqueira lisa (Qualea albifloraWarm), Mandioqueira escamosa (Qualea paraensis Ducke) e Quaruba fissurada (Vochysia maxima Ducke). Para tais experimentos, as amostras foram colhidas e gerenciadas nas regras do manejo sustentável. Após a caracterização das espécies e análise do grau de abrasividade das mesmas, foi escolhida a espécie Maçaanduba para os testes de desempenho em processos de usinagem e, nas condições de corte e processamento utilizadas, relata-se de forma comparativa os apectos teóricos citados na revisão bibliográfica. Como resultado, pode-se comprovar que o material Stellite apresentou desempenho superior relativo ao desgaste e avarias, quando comparado com outros materiais como o metal duro, além de demonstrar um efetivo ganho de produtividade no serramento de toras de madeira de maçaranduba
This study presents an analysis of selection parameters for cutting tool materials, indicating Stellite alloy as a substitute to improve sawmill productivity in Brazil. For that purpose, it was studied the interrelationship between the physical and chemical properties of tropical wood and the wood cutting mechanical process, as well as the origins of wear in cutting tool materials. Some tropical woods were tested for specific, gravity, silica content and acidity. The following species were studied: Angeli vermelho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke), Angelim pedra (Hymenobolobium petraeum Ducke), Maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier), Itaúba (Mezilaurus lindaviana Schwacke & Mez), Mandioqueira lisa (Qualea albiflora Warm), Mandioqueira escamosa (Qualea paraensis Ducke) e Quaruba fissurada (Vochysia maxima Ducke). For those experiments, the samples were collected and processed following sustainable management practices. After characterization and analysis of abrasion degree of those species, the Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier was selcted for the machining process performance tests. Under the cutting and processing conditions established, the theoretical aspects cited in the references are comparatively reported. As a result, it was possible to demonstrate that the Stellite alloy displayed better wear and tear perfomance when compared with other materials sucha as hard beside demonstrating effective productivity gain when sawing Manilkara huberi (Maçaranduba) wood
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Gehring, Junior Waldemar. "Desempenho do stellite como material de ferramenta no serramento da madeira /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94387.

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Orientador: Marcos Tadeu Tibúrcio Gonçalves
Banca: Manoel Cleber de Sampaio Alves
Banca: Ivaldo de Domenico Valarelli
Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise de parâmetros para a seleção de material de ferramenta de corte indicando o uso do Stellite como alternativa para obter melhor produtividade nas serrarias de desdobro de madeiras no Brasil. Para tanto, estudou-se as inter relações entre a propriedades físico químicas de espécies de madeira tropical e o processamento mecânico de desdobro das mesmas, além das origens do desgaste dos materiais empregados como ferramenta de corte. Foram realizados experimentos para determinar as características de densidade básica, teor de sílica e acidez de algumas espécies de madeira tropicais. As espécies estudadas foram: Angelim vermelho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke), Angelim pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke), Maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier), Itaúba (Mezilourus lindaviana Schwacke & Mez), Mandioqueira lisa (Qualea albifloraWarm), Mandioqueira escamosa (Qualea paraensis Ducke) e Quaruba fissurada (Vochysia maxima Ducke). Para tais experimentos, as amostras foram colhidas e gerenciadas nas regras do manejo sustentável. Após a caracterização das espécies e análise do grau de abrasividade das mesmas, foi escolhida a espécie "Maçaanduba" para os testes de desempenho em processos de usinagem e, nas condições de corte e processamento utilizadas, relata-se de forma comparativa os apectos teóricos citados na revisão bibliográfica. Como resultado, pode-se comprovar que o material Stellite apresentou desempenho superior relativo ao desgaste e avarias, quando comparado com outros materiais como o metal duro, além de demonstrar um efetivo ganho de produtividade no serramento de toras de madeira de maçaranduba
Abstract: This study presents an analysis of selection parameters for cutting tool materials, indicating Stellite alloy as a substitute to improve sawmill productivity in Brazil. For that purpose, it was studied the interrelationship between the physical and chemical properties of tropical wood and the wood cutting mechanical process, as well as the origins of wear in cutting tool materials. Some tropical woods were tested for specific, gravity, silica content and acidity. The following species were studied: Angeli vermelho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke), Angelim pedra (Hymenobolobium petraeum Ducke), Maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier), Itaúba (Mezilaurus lindaviana Schwacke & Mez), Mandioqueira lisa (Qualea albiflora Warm), Mandioqueira escamosa (Qualea paraensis Ducke) e Quaruba fissurada (Vochysia maxima Ducke). For those experiments, the samples were collected and processed following sustainable management practices. After characterization and analysis of abrasion degree of those species, the Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier was selcted for the machining process performance tests. Under the cutting and processing conditions established, the theoretical aspects cited in the references are comparatively reported. As a result, it was possible to demonstrate that the Stellite alloy displayed better wear and tear perfomance when compared with other materials sucha as hard beside demonstrating effective productivity gain when sawing Manilkara huberi (Maçaranduba) wood
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7

Ohlsson, Daniel. "Kartläggning av ventiler innehållande Stellite i reaktornära vattensystem på Forsmark 2." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25130.

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In the process of a boiling water reactor, high-levels of waste and radiation occur, where almost all the dose per person of the radiation in Forsmark are due to the radioactive iso-tope cobalt-60. The reason is that the stable isotope cobalt-59 is converted to the radioac-tive isotope cobalt-60 due to neutron irradiation in the reactor. Since 2012, unusually high levels of cobalt-60 have been observed at Forsmark 2 which occurs from the material Stel-lite and is a very common sealant in valves. The major disadvantage of the material Stellite in nuclear power is the high concentration of cobalt-59. When grinding alloy surfaces con-taining Stellite, cobalt-59 is released in the form of abrasive dust if the effectiveness of sub-sequent Stellite alloys is poor. The consequences lead to increased radiation levels, which implies major financial costs and a difficult work environment in, for example, mainte-nance work.Today, there is no mapping of valves containing Stellite, which may result in the decon-tamination of Stellite not being requested and missing when a maintenance action in the form of, for example, grinding is performed. The completed mapping of valves containing Stellite is thus the first that has been carried out within Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB for the priority systems 313, 321, 331 and 415.In this work, valves containing Stellite have been mapped along main lines in systems that come into contact with reactor water without passing ion exchange filters. Furthermore, the effects of how the grinding of valves alloy surfaces in the seat / cone affects the feeding of cobalt-59 into the reactor and the effectiveness of subsequent decontamination of Stel-lite after grinding was investigated.The work has been divided into two main moments; Status analysis and Mapping, which in turn is divided into several sub-moments. The status analysis gathered the information re-quired to perform the mapping. With the gathered information from the status analysis, mapping was then carried out and valves were inventoried in the priority systems.A total of 45 valves containing Stellite were found whose water flow is likely to end up in the reactor without passing ion exchange filters. A total of 13 valves containing Stellite were found, which are not detected by the chemical departments measurement points and whose waterflow did not pass ion exchange filters before the reactor for systems 321 and 331.During a decontamination of Stellite in a valve, only alloy surfaces in the valves are con-trolled and cleaned, which results in dust from grinding remaining in the other surfaces of the valve as well as in the pipe ends when the valve has been assembled prior to commis-sioning. Of the 45 valves containing Stellite which have been inventoried, grinding in theseat/cone have occurred in eight of the valves, but only two of the valves have been de-contaminated since 2010-01-01. Since no decontamination of Stellite has occured six of eight times after grinding, and only alloy surfaces are checked as well as decontaminated, the effectiveness of subsequent decontamination of Stellite after grinding is very low.Based on the results of the work, a number of improvement proposals have been present-ed for continued work to reduce the feeding of cobalt 59 to the reactor water and eventu-ally reduce the radiation levels at Forsmark's nuclear power plant.
Vid processen i en kokvattenreaktor uppstår högaktivt avfall och höga strålningsnivåer, där nästan all persondos av strålning på Forsmark beror av den radioaktiva isotopen kobolt-60. Anledningen är att den stabila isotopen kobolt-59 omvandlas till den radioaktiva isotopen kobolt-60 vid neutronbestrålning i reaktorn. Man har sedan 2012 noterat ovanligt höga halter av kobolt-60 på Forsmark 2 vilket härrör till materialet Stellite, som är ett mycket vanligt tätningsmaterial i ventiler. Den stora nackdelen med Stellite i kärnkraftssamman-hang är den höga koncentrationen av kobolt-59. Vid slipning av legeringsytor innehållande Stellite, riskeras kobolt-59 frigöras i form av slipdamm om effektiviteten av efterföljande Stellitesaneringar är dålig. Konsekvenserna leder till ökade strålningsnivåer vilket innebär stora ekonomiska kostnader och en försvårad arbetsmiljö vid till exempel underhållsar-beten.Idag finns ingen kartläggning av ventiler innehållande Stellite, vilket kan resultera i att Stellitesaneringar inte begärs och uteblir då en underhållsåtgärd i form av till exempel slipning utförs. Den genomförda kartläggningen av ventiler innehållande Stellite är där-med den första som har utförts inom Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB för de prioriterade syste-men 313, 321, 331 och 415.I detta arbete har ventiler innehållande Stellite kartlagts längs huvudledningar i system som kommer i kontakt med reaktorvatten utan att passera jonbytarfilter. Vidare har effekterna av hur slipning av ventilers legeringsytor i säte/kägla påverkar inmatningen av kobolt-59 och effektiviteten av efterföljande Stellitesaneringar undersökts.Arbetet har delats upp i två huvudmoment; Nulägesanalys och Kartläggning, som i sin tur delats upp i flera delmoment. I nulägesanalysen samlades den information som krävdes för att utföra kartläggningen. Med den inhämtade informationen från nulägesanalysen, inven-terades och kartlades sedan ventiler i de prioriterade systemen.Totalt hittades 45 stycken ventiler innehållande Stellite vars vattenflöde riskerar att hamna i reaktorn utan att passera jonbytarfilter. Sammanlagt hittades 13 stycken ventiler innehål-lande Stellite som ej registreras av kemiavdelningens provtagningar och som inte passerar jonbytarfilter innan reaktorn för system 321 och 331.Vid en Stellitesanering kontrolleras och saneras endast legeringsytor i ventiler, vilket re-sulterar i att slipdamm kan finns kvar i ventilens övriga ytor samt i rörändarna då ventilen har monterats ihop inför driftsättning. Av de 45 stycken ventiler innehållande Stellite som har inventerats, har åtta stycken slipats i säte/kägla men enbart två stycken Stellitesanerats efter slipning sedan 2010-01-01. Eftersom Stellitesaneringar efter slipning har uteblivitsex av åtta gånger och endast legeringsytor kontrolleras samt Stellitesaneras, är effektivite-ten av efterföljande Stellitesaneringar vid slipning mycket låg.Baserat på resultaten av arbetet, har ett antal förbättringsförslag presenterats för fortsatt arbete att minska kobolt-59-inmatningen till reaktorvattnet och på sikt minska strål-ningsnivåerna på Forsmarks kärnkraftverk.
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DANTAS, David Valença. "A Utilização dos Diferentes Habitats do Estuário do Rio Goiana Pelas Diferentes Fases Ontogenéticas das Espécies Cathorops spixii, Cathorops agassizii, Stellifer brasiliensis e Stellifer stellifer (Actinopterygii, Teleostei). Estudo de Caso: Caracterização das Áreas Utilizadas Como Berçário." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12162.

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CNPq
A utilização dos habitats está relacionada à variações na dieta ao longo do ciclo de vida. A análise da dieta das diferentes fases ontogenéticas em diferentes habitats pode gerar informações a respeito dos padrões de movimento entre os habitats utilizados como berçário e os dos adultos. O presente estudo descreve a utilização sazonal dos habitats e hábitos alimentares de diferentes fases ontogenéticas das espécies Cathorops spixii, Cathorops agassizii, Stellifer brasiliensis e Stellifer stellifer ao longo do canal principal do estuário do Rio Goiana. Neste estudo, foram utilizados dados referentes à amostragens realizadas com rede de arrasto no canal principal entre dezembro de 2005 e novembro de 2006. O canal principal do estuário foi dividido em três áreas (superior, intermediária e inferior), de acordo com o gradiente de salinidade e a geomorfologia do estuário. As espécies foram divididas em diferentes classes de tamanho, de acordo com o seu respectivo estágio de desenvolvimento, em jovens, sub-adultos e adultos. Além da distribuição, em termos de densidade e biomassa, também foram analisados o conteúdo estomacal dos indivíduos com o objetivo de observar a variação sazonal na dieta e possíveis sobreposições alimentares entre as diferentes fases ontogenéticas das espécies simpátricas. A sobreposição alimentar entre C. spixii e C. agassizii foi testada quando as diferentes fases ontogenéticas ocorreram no mesmo local. A precipitação sazonal das chuvas foi importante para definir a utilização dos habitats pelas diferentes fases ontogenéticas destas espécies ao longo do canal principal do estuário. A porção intermediária do estuário foi importante como local de berçário e alimentação para jovens, além de ser importante para alimentação de todas as espécies estudadas. Os bagres marinhos C. spixii e C. agassizii são predominantemente zoobentívoros, mas ao longo do seu ciclo de vida, e entre os diferentes locais e estações do ano, esta guilda trófica pode mudar para zooplanctívoro ou até mesmo oportunista. No início da estação seca, nas porções superior e intermediária do estuário, sub-adultos e adultos de C. spixii demonstraram sobreposição alimentar, principalmente pela elevada ingestão de Polychaeta e Ostracoda. No final da seca, no estuário superior, os adultos da espécie C. spixii apresentaram sobreposição alimentar com os jovens e adultos da espécie C. agassizii, devido à elevada ingestão de Gastropoda, Ostracoda e Calanoida. No início da chuva, na porção superior do estuário, foram observadas sobreposições na dieta de jovens e sub-adultos das duas espécies, e entre jovens e sub-adultos de C. agassizii, influenciadas pela alta ingestão de Ostracoda e Calanoida. No final da chuva, no estuário intermediário, essa sobreposição foi observada para jovens e subadultos de C. spixii e C. agassizii, devido à alta ingestão de Gastropoda, Calanoida e Harpacticoida. Durante este período, na porção inferior do estuário, C. spixii e C. agassizii jovens e sub-adultos demonstraram sobreposição alimentar, resultado da elevada ingestão de Gastropoda, Calanoida e Ostracoda. As espécies S. brasiliensis e S. stellifer são especialmente zoobentívoras, mas ao longo do ciclo de vida, entre as estações do ano e diferentes habitats, sua guilda trófica pode variar para oportunista ou até mesmo zooplanctívora. No final da estação chuvosa, na porção inferior do estuário, todas as fases ontogenéticas de ambas as espécies, com exceção de jovens de S. brasiliensis e adultos de S. stellifer, apresentaram sobreposição alimentar indicando a similaridade na utilização das presas. Esta sobreposição foi influenciada pelo consumo de Calanoida, Polychaeta e Eucarida por todas as fases das duas espécies. A ingestão de fragmentos azuis de nylon por todas as espécies estudadas foi observada como sendo um problema ambiental que deve ser discutido pelas autoridades e levado à comunidade. O conhecimento dos hábitos alimentares e a utilização dos habitats pelas diferentes fases ontogenéticas é essencial para entender o papel ecológico das populações de peixes, sendo uma ferramenta fundamental para o desenvolvimento de planos de manejo e conservação.
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Pombo, Maira. "Biologia populacional e dieta de Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan, 1889) S. stellifer (Bloch, 1790) e S. brasiliensis (Schultz, 1945) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) na Enseada de Caraguatabuba (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-02082011-120452/.

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A fim de colaborar com o conhecimento dos vários aspectos das diferentes populações e suas interações para o manejo e conservação dos recursos naturais, foram analisadas a dinâmica populacional e a dieta de três espécies do gênero Stellifer (Sciaenidae), coletadas de agosto de 2003 a outubro de 2004 em áreas rasas da Enseada de Caraguatatuba, com influência mínima dos rios e estuários da região. Os indivíduos de Stellifer rastrifer (n=3183), S. brasiliensis (n=357) e S. stellifer (n=116) concentraram-se em geral na porção sul da enseada e houve diferença entre o tamanho das três espécies (S. rastrifer > S. stellifer > S. brasiliensis), que apresentaram um padrão de variação do comprimento ao longo do tempo bastante semelhante. Todas se mostraram essencialmente carcinófagas, com variação sazonal dos itens alimentares e alta sobreposição alimentar entre elas. Stellifer rastrifer permitiu uma análise de aspectos reprodutivos e de crescimento. A quantidade de fêmeas com gônadas em maturação e maduras foi muito pequena, bem como os valores do índice gonadossomático foram baixos indicando que a área não seja usada para desova. Os valores estimados para os parâmetros de crescimento (L?=20,9, K=0,37 e Z=2,81) indicam que haja uma segregação espacial entre jovens e adultos e que a taxa de mortalidade encontrada deva incluir em sua composição uma elevada taxa de migração dos jovens para áreas mais profundas, onde se supõe que completem seu desenvolvimento.
Intending to collaborate with some knowledge about ecosystems functioning for its suitable management and the conservation of natural resources, it was analyzed the populational dynamics and diet of three species belonging to the genus Stellifer (Sciaenidae), collected from August 2003 to October 2004, in shallow areas of Caraguatatuba Bay, where there was the least influence as possible of rivers and estuaries placed in the region. Species were Stellifer rastrifer (n=3183), S. brasiliensis (n=357) and S. Stellifer (n=116), wich focused at the southern area of the Bay. Species were significantly different from each other for size (S. rastrifer > S. stellifer > S. brasiliensis), although they have shown a quite similar pattern of length variation over time. They all fed upon basically crustaceans, with marked seasonal variation of food items and high dietary overlap among them. Stellifer rastrifer abundance allowed reproductive aspects analysis and the determination of growth parameters. The number of mature gonads in females was very small and gonadosomatic index values throughout the year were low, thus indicating that it is not a sapwn area. The growth parameters calculated (L?=20.9, K=0.37 and Z=2,81) indicate that there is a spatial segregation by size and that the mortality rate must, therefore, include a high rate of older individuals migration to deeper areas, where it is assumed that they complete their development.
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Araújo, Júnior Ildeu Bastos de [UNESP]. "Estudo da influência do resfriamento em revestimento de liga Stellite 6 aplicada pelo processo TIG." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96481.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A indústria busca uma melhor otimização e performance de seus equipamentos, há muito notou-se a importância da contenção do desgaste para o aumento de vida útil dos componentes de máquinas. Em condições operacionais onde há o desgaste por abrasão, comumente faz-se o endurecimento da camada superficial ou a aplicação de uma liga mais nobre e de dureza mais elevada, visando conter este desgaste. A técnica também é chamada de revestimento. Entender melhor os parâmetros que influenciam nos resultados da aplicação destes revestimentos torna-se importante possibilitando menores perdas e uma maior economia, pois busca-se como alvo trabalhar com a melhor performance do revestimento. Objetivou-se neste trabalho o estudo das ligas a base de Cobalto que são aplicadas cada vez mais rotineiramente nas indústrias petroquímicas, onde os componentes e órgãos de máquinas estão expostos a condições severas de desgaste por abrasão e corrosão além da severidade dos trabalhos a altas temperaturas e pressão. Relacionando o desgaste, as ligas a base de Cobalto possuem uma posição destacada e a liga é conhecida comercialmente como “Stellite 6”. Em alguns trabalhos é chamada também de liga coringa por sua versatilidade e destaque em especial. Neste trabalho procurou-se variar as velocidades de resfriamento em cinco patamares, analisou-se a influência da diluição na micro-dureza e os efeitos da variação da velocidade de resfriamento no mecanismo de endurecimento. A aplicação do revestimento ocorreu em três camadas através do processo TIG. Verificamos ainda a interferência da diluição na dureza em cada camada de revestimento. A terceira e última camada foi a que apresentou maior dureza devido à menor diluição com o metal base principalmente no corpo de prova que possuía à menor velocidade de resfriamento devido ao tempo para a formação de precipitados e carbonetos na liga metálica.
The industry searchs a better optimization and performance of their equipment, long noted the importance of containment to increase the wear life of components of machines. In operating conditions where there is wear by abrasion, usually it is the hardening of the surface layer or the application of a more noble alloy and high hardness, wear it to contain. The technique also called hardfacing. Better understand the parameters that influence the results of applying these coatings becomes important because it enables lower losses and greater economy as it seeks to target work with the best performance of the coating. The objective of this research is complements the study of cobalt-based alloys that are applied more routinely in petrochemical industries, where the component units and machines are exposed to severe conditions of wear by abrasion and corrosion than the severity of the work at high temperatures and pressure. Relating the wear, the cobalt-based alloys have a prominent position and the league is known commercially as “Stellite 6”. Some work is also called the league wildcard for its versatility and highlight in particular. In this work we have tried to vary the speed of cooling in five steps, looked up the influence of dilution on micro hardness and the effects of variation in the rate of cooling in the hardening mechanism. The application of the coating occurred in three layers using the TIG process. We note also the interference of dilution in hardness in each layer of coating. The third and final layer was the one with higher hardness due to less dilution with the base metal mainly in the body of evidence that had the lowest rate of cooling due to the time for the formation of precipitates and carbides in the metal.
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Books on the topic "Stellites"

1

Kanitz, Christa. Die Stellings. Munich: Knaur, 2004.

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Hewitt, Jeff. Armstrong Stellite and carbide filer's handbook. Portland, Or., U.S.A. (P.O. Box 3008, Portland 97208): Armstrong Manufacturing Co., 1986.

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Bressan, E., Emanuela Baio Dossi, and Giovanni Chiaramonte. La città delle Stelline. Milano: Fondazione Stelline, 2000.

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Die Stellings: Roman einer hanseatischen Kaufmannsfamilie. München: LangenMüller, 2008.

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Frans, Kraan, and Bals Kees, eds. 'Stelligen onwil': Dienstweigering tijdens de Belgische Opstand. Amsterdam: Ravijn, 1996.

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Le stelline: Storia dell'Orfanotrofio femminile di Milano. Milano, Italy: F. Angeli, 1994.

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Grade und Gradbezirke der Tierkreiszeichen: Der anonyme Traktat, De stellis fixis, in quibus gradibus oriuntur signorum. Stuttgart: B.G. Teubner, 1995.

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Baselitz, Georg. Opere dalla Collezione Ackermeier, Berlino: [Galleria del Credito valtellinese, Refettorio delle stelline, Milano, maggio-luglio 1991]. Bergamo: Edizioni Bolis, 1991.

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La vita fragile: Infanzia, disagi e assistenza nella Milano del lungo Ottocento : convegno di studi, Milano, Fondazione Stelline. Milano: Vita e pensiero, 2013.

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Piero, Cattaneo, Istituto regionale di ricerca, sperimentazione e aggiornamento educativi (Lombardy, Italy), and Conservatorio di musica Giuseppe Verdi (Milan, Italy), eds. Atti IV Convegno nazionale sulla sperimentazione nei licei musicali dei conservatori: Milano, 3-4-5 maggio 1985, Palazzo delle Stelline. Milano: Unicopli, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stellites"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Stellite®." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 700. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11197.

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Yao, Jianhua, Qunli Zhang, Rong Liu, and Guolong Wu. "Laser Cladding of Stellite Alloys." In Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China, 11–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8922-2_2.

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Suuronen, Katri, and Markku Linnainmaa. "Grinders and Brazers of Hard Metal and Stellite." In Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_159-2.

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Susitaival, P., and M. Linnainmaa. "Grinders and Brazers of Hard Metal and Stellite." In Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, 958–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07677-4_139.

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Suuronen, Katri, and Markku Linnainmaa. "Grinders and Brazers of Hard Metal and Stellite." In Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 2041–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_159.

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Linnainmaa, Markku, and Katri Suuronen. "Grinders and Brazers of Hard Metal and Stellite." In Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology, 1503–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02035-3_159.

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Ashraf, M. A., M. El-Ameen, R. Ahmed, N. H. Faisal, A. M. El-Sherik, and M. F. A. Goosen. "Single Asperity Scratch Behaviour of Cast Stellite 6 Alloy." In International Multidisciplinary Microscopy Congress, 61–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04639-6_9.

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Benaka, G., Bhaskara P. Achar, P. Srinivasa Pai, Grynal D’mello, and K. G. Gururaj. "Use of Vortex Tube Cooling for Machining Stellite 6." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 227–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2278-6_20.

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Kunitzsch, Paul. "Origin and History of Liber de stellis beibeniis." In Hermetism from Late Antiquity to Humanism, 449–60. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ipm-eb.4.00108.

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Pasco, Jubert, Yuan Tian, Kanwal Chadha, and Clodualdo Aranas. "Heat Treatment of Multi-Material Additively Manufactured Maraging Steel and Stellite Alloy." In Proceedings of the 61st Conference of Metallurgists, COM 2022, 25–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17425-4_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stellites"

1

Benfarah, M., and N. Hamou. "Limitation / substitution des stellites (inventaire des surfaces stellités sur le parc + produits de substitution)." In Chimie et exploitation. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jtsfen/2016chi17p.

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Werry, A., C. Chazelas, A. Denoirjean, S. Valette, A. Vardelle, and E. Meillot. "Multi-Scale Structured Composite Coatings by Plasma Transferred Arc for Nuclear Applications." In ITSC2015, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2015p1086.

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Abstract In nuclear plants, the replacement of hardfacing Stellite, a cobalt-base alloy, on parts of the piping system in connection with the reactor has been investigated since the late 60’s. Various Fe-base or Ni-base alloys, Co-free or with a low content of Co, have been developed but their mechanical properties are generally lower than that of Stellites. The 4th generation nuclear plants impose additional or more stringent requirements for hardfacing materials. Plasma transferred arc (PTA) coatings of cobalt-free nickel-base alloys with the addition of sub-micrometric or micrometric alumina particles are thought to be a potential solution for tribological applications in the primary system of sodium-cooled fast reactors. In this study, PTA coatings of nickel-base alloys reinforced with alumina particles were deposited on 316L stainless steel substrates. The examination of coatings revealed a refinement of the microstructure. Under the conditions of the study, the addition of alumina particles did not improve the micro-hardness of coatings but improve their resistance to abrasive wear.
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Patra Karmakar, Debapriya, Muvvala Gopinath, Soham Harmalkar, and Ashish Kumar Nath. "Investigation of Wear and Corrosion Characteristics of Stellite-6 and Stellite-21 Layers Deposited by Co-Axial Laser Cladding." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2841.

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Layers of Stellite-6 and Stellite-21 were deposited on tool steel substrates using co-axial laser cladding process with a goal to obtain hard, wear and corrosion resistant coatings. Clad-layers of the two types of Stellite alloys were investigated and compared in terms of microstructure, hardness and sliding wear resistance. Corrosion tests were also performed to study their corrosion behaviour. Micrographs indicated that both the Stellite grades form dendritic structure. However, there were certain differences in composition of dendritic and interdendritic regions of tungsten (W) containing Stellite-6 and molybdenum containing Stellite-21. Stellite-6 clad-layer was found to be slightly harder than Stellite-21 clad-layer near the top surface. Wear resistance of Stellite-21found to be marginally higher than that of Stellite-6 due to lower coefficient of friction. However, Stellite-21layer was found to be more corrosion resistant. Hence, for application involving mechanical loading and wear, both Stellite-6 and Stellite-21 could be a good choice as a clad-material on engineering components; but if the component is going to be subjected to mechanical loading and wear under corrosive environment Stellit-21 could be a better choice.
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Song, Jianli, Wei Tong, Yunyi Li, and Jia Deng. "Experimental Study on the Laser Cladding of 316L / 316L / Stellite 6 / Stellite6 / H13 + 20% Ni60 Gradient Composite Coating on H13 Steel." In 2021 3rd International Academic Exchange Conference on Science and Technology Innovation (IAECST). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iaecst54258.2021.9695678.

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Hogg, S. C., H. V. Atkinson, and P. Kapranos. "Thixoforming of Stellite Powder Compacts." In 10TH ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2729676.

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Zhang, Liying, Yaxiao Wang, Xiaoxia Wang, Bo Gao, Aijun Mi, and Yawei Mao. "Study of the Impact of Stellite Material on PWR Co-60 Contamination." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67859.

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According with the requirements of HAF-102[1], the purpose of radiation protection optimization is to achieve occupational exposures as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). More than 80% of the collective exposure doses are received during the outage for PWRs. Activated corrosion products, especially Co-60, deposited on the surface of reactor coolant system are the main causes of these doses. Co-60 is the principle contributor to out-of-core radiation fields in PWRs, which is a high energy gamma emitter with a 5.3 year half-life period. The contamination by Co-60 plates out in plant piping systems and produces long term high radiation areas in the plant. Stellite, a hard facing alloy trade, which has high Co-59 content (approximately 60%), is identified as one of the most important source of Co-60 in reactors, whereas the contribution of Stellite to cobalt are always not paid enough attention to. Cobalt is released through ware and corrosion of Stellite. When cobalt is released in systems with a flow path to the reactor, it can become activated by neutron to Co-60. This paper analyzes the Stellite material release into the primary coolant. Based on the above considerations, the impact of Stellite replacement on plant contamination by Co-60 is calculated and analyzed with the use of activated corrosion product source term calculation program. The primary conclusions are as follows: (1) Reducing the quantity of Stellite material used during the design and building of PWRs can significantly reduce the Co-60 deposition on primary circuit. (2) The replacement of Stellite material has a positive impact on PWR contamination by Co-60, but the outcome is not so significant. Based on the above analysis, recommendations are made. Stellite material replacement project can be used for the operating reactors to reduce the Co-60 contamination. But for the design and building of new reactors, reduction of the use of Stellite material is the best choice.
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Scheib, Christopher M., Raymond K. Newswanger, Allison M. Beese, Timothy Bowen, Gregory S. Lewis, Evan P. Roush, Choon-Sik Jhun, William J. Weiss, and Gerson Rosenberg. "Finite Element Analysis on Stellite 17mm Tube Valve for Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3331.

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A Stellite 25 17mm tube valve based upon the Björk-Shiley Monostrut (BSM) valve design was developed for use in the Penn State Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device (PVAD) pump [1]. The hook of the valve was designed to hold a Delrin occluding disc in place while allowing the disc to tilt open 70 degrees from the closed position. Unlike common design constraints which remain in the elastic region, the hook experiences plastic deformation twice during the assembly process, making the material choice of Stellite 25 imperative. Stellite 25 is a cobalt-chromium-tungsten-nickel alloy (Co-20Cr-15W-10Ni) belonging to the material family of superalloys which are commonly used for wear-resistant applications exposed to heat, abrasion, and galling [2, 3]. Along with its excellent in vivo corrosion resistance [4], Stellite 25 exhibits high strength and ductility which permit the hook to be plastically deformed during disc installation while remaining below the strain to failure [3, 4]. Together these qualities make Stellite 25 an ideal material choice for the 17mm tube valve application. Predicting the resultant stresses and strains is critical for determining the safety and structural reliability of the Stellite 25 17mm tube valve for the PVAD after assembly. After performing finite element analysis (FEA), the simulation results were validated by deflection experiments and metallurgical investigations.
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Tillmann, W., and L. Hagen. "Microstructural Characteristics of Arc Sprayed CoCr-Based Coatings." In ITSC2019, edited by F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Koivuluoto, Y. Lau, H. Li, K. Shinoda, F. Toma, J. Veilleux, and C. Widener. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2019p0298.

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Abstract Due to their superior wear resistance and oxidation behavior, Stellite coatings are widely used in industrial applications where they are exposed to high temperature. Common processes for applying Stellite coatings include high-velocity oxyfuel spraying, laser cladding, and plasma transferred arc welding. Although Stellite welding consumables are available, there are few studies on arc-sprayed Stellite coatings in the literature. This work investigates the microstructural characteristics of an arc-sprayed deposit produced using a CoCr-based cored wire with 4.5 wt% W. The deposit is examined both in its as-sprayed state and after high-temperature exposure. Microstructure formation is assessed via SEM and EDX analysis, phase transformation processes are determined by XRD analysis, and friction and wear properties are measured. The findings are presented and discussed and compared with those obtained from conventional CoCr-based coatings.
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Vavřík, Jaroslav, Taťána Hrbáčková, Pavel Salvetr, and Michal Brázda. "Stellite coating deposited by directED energy deposition." In METAL 2020. TANGER Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2020.3559.

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Lupoi, Rocco, Andrew Cockburn, Martin Sparkes, Chris Bryan, Fang Luo, and William O’Neill. "Hardfacing using supersonic laser depostion of stellite-6." In ICALEO® 2011: 30th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5062274.

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Reports on the topic "Stellites"

1

Watkins, J. C., K. G. DeWall, and G. H. Weidenhamer. Status of Stellite 6 friction testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/639740.

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2

Mickalonis, J. I. Corrosion Evaluation of Stellite Alloys 12 and 712. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/766657.

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Mickalonis, J. I. Corrosion Assessment of T90G and Stellite 6 for DWPF. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799669.

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de Rosset, William S., and Sean Fudger. Fabrication and Tests of M240 Machine Gun Barrels Lined with Stellite 25. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1008453.

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J. C. Watkins, K. G. DeWall, and D. Bramwell. Summary and Evaluation of NRC-Sponsored Stellite 6 Aging and Friction Tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/766386.

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