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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stem cells – Research'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Marshall, Gregory Paul. "Neurospheres and multipotent astrocytic stem cells neural progenitor cells rather than neural stem cells /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010047.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005.<br>Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 97 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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2

Elichabe, Benoît. "United States stem cells research boundaries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39529.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves [88]-90).<br>Recent empirical work has demonstrated the importance of a number of elements of scientific infrastructure that seem to be crucial particularly in fields such as molecular and cellular biology in which the materiality of research renders the process of replication and validation more complex. Scientific infrastructure has many interconnecting elements such as the ability to exchange material used in experiments, the ability to share ideas and information and the ability to share, exchange and promote the mobility of researchers. We focus our investigation on stem cell research in the United States (US). Research in human developmental biology has led to the discovery of human stem cells. The science of stem cell therapies is about to enter a phase of research and development that could lead to unprecedented cures and palliative treatments. However, it is a highly regulated field of research and it raises an important amount of moral, religious and ethical concerns. We seek to examine the boundaries that have emerged in the US in this particular field and we try to understand their impact on the US market of fertilized eggs, embryos and human embryonic stem cells.<br>by Benoît Elichabe.<br>M.B.A.

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3

Nortjé, Nico. "The moral status of embryonic stem cell research in the South African context /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1372.

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4

Chen, Shi. "Cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells and hepatocytes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711665.

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5

Ngangan, Alyssa V. "Bioactive factors secreted by differentiating embryonic stem cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44913.

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Current therapeutic strategies to stimulate endogenous angiogenic processes within injured tissue areas are typically based on introducing exogenous pro-angiogenic molecules or cell populations. Stem cell transplantation for angiogenic therapy aims to deliver populations of cells that secrete angiogenic factors and/or engraft in the new branching vasculature within the damaged tissue. Utilizing stem or progenitor cells has been shown to induce a rather robust angiogenic response despite minimal repopulation of the host vasculature, suggesting that stem cells may provide paracrine factors that transiently induce endogenous angiogenesis of tissues undergoing regeneration. Early differentiating embryonic stem cell (ESC) aggregates, referred to as embryoid bodies (EBs), can undergo vasculogenic differentiation, and also produce extracellular matrix and growth factors that induce proliferation, differentiation, and tissue morphogenesis. Taken together, the ESC extracellular environment may be an effective means by which to manipulate cell behavior. Thus, the objective of this project was to harness morphogens derived from ESCs undergoing differentiation and analyze their bioactive potential. To examine the expression of extracellular factors within EBs, gene expression arrays in conjunction with a variety of analytical tools were utilized to gain an understanding of the importance of extracellular factors in ESC differentiation. Furthermore, the soluble fraction of secreted factors contained within EB-conditioned media was compared to the matrix-associated factors produced by EBs, which led to the development of novel ESC-derived matrices via mechanical acellularization methods. Acellular embryonic stem cell-derived matrices demonstrated the retention of bioactive factors that impacted aspects of angiogenesis. In conclusion, extracellular factors were modulated in response to the progression of EB differentiation and can further be harnessed via acellularization techniques, in order to deliver bioactive ESC-secreted factors in a cell-free manner.

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6

Ericson, Robin J. "Bridging solutions to the religion and science conflict over human embryonic stem cell research." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2926.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Mason University, 2007.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 17, 2008). Thesis director: Richard E. Rubenstein. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Conflict Analysis and Resolution. Vita: p. 228. Includes bibliographical references (p. 222-227). Also available in print.

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7

Alawadhi, Aseel. "Human embryonic stem cell research : shaping regulations in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231070.

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8

Ke, Jin, and 柯金. "Transgenic stem cells for craniofacial bone reconstruction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44362973.

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Bone loss from the cranio-maxillofacial region is a major clinical problem affecting patients worldwide. Conventional treatment strategy includes the use of autogenous or allogeneic bone, biomaterials, and osteogenic growth factors. However, there has been no effective therapy for most cases so far. Stem cell-based gene therapy is the latest research method with possible applications in humans. The present study aims to (1) characterize rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) relating to growth pattern, surface antigens, and the potential for multi-differentiation; (2) determine the transduction efficiency and duration of recombinant adeno-associated virus2 carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (rAAV2EGFP) reporter gene in rabbit MSCs and study the effects of rAAV2EGFP transduction on stem cells’ phenotype and capacity of multi-differentiation; (3) evaluate the differentiation characteristics of rabbit MSCs following recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 carrying bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene (rAAV2BMP2) transduction; (4) investigate whether MSCs transduced by rAAV2BMP2 could successfully induce bone regeneration in rabbit critical-size cranial defects. MSCs were isolated from bone marrows of rabbit tibias and cultured. Cell counting and colony-forming assays demonstrated that growth rates of MSCs dropped substantially with increasing passages. Flow cytometry on MSCs at passage 1 showed that cells expressed high level of CD49a and low level of CD44 as well as stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4). Multi-differentiation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) tests demonstrated that rabbit MSCs were capable to differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that rabbit MSCs produced a series of hematopoietic growth factors, including stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF). Subsequently, rabbit MSCs were transduced with rAAV2EGFP in vitro. By comparing the transduction efficiency with different doses of rAAV2EGFP particles, multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 x 10 4 was identified as an optimal parameter for the transduction of rAAV2 in rabbit MSCs. Fluorescent microscopy demonstrated long-term expression of EGFP in rabbit MSCs after transduction both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, cell proliferation assay, adipogenic induction test and flow cytometry showed that rAAV2EGFP transduced MSCs exhibited a similar pattern with non-transduced cells on the cell growth, capacity of adipogenic differentiation and expression of surface antigens, indicating that rabbit MSCs maintain their stem cell properties after rAAV2EGFP transduction.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Dentistry<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy

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9

Renszel, Krystal Marie. "USING MUTAGENESIS AND STEM CELLS TO UNDERSTAND RETROVIRAL NEUROVIRULENCE." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1254659655.

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10

Sukhdeo, Kumar. "Defining immunophenotypic signatures of stem cells." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1373038255.

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11

Jacobs, Peter. "Immunohaematopoietic stem and progenitor cell transplantation - a thirty year prospective and systematic research investigation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5232.

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12

Figueira, Edwin C. Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "???Stem Cell Pathway??? gene expression in human foetal limbus and cadaveric human limbal epithelium." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medical Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27455.

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Stem cells play a vital role in the turn over of permanently self-renewing tissues (e.g. corneal epithelium, epidermis, bone marrow). Stratified cornea epithelia serve, as ideal tissue models for studying ???stemness???, as the site of cells in the different stages of differentiation are anatomically easily identifiable. Studies targeting limbal stem cell maintenance, in-vitro gene expression during storage and differentiation will benefit future therapeutic applications (e.g. corneal transplantation). Knowledge of stem cell behaviour will help explain the pathophysiology of corneal related ocular surface disorders (e.g. idiopathic limbal stem cell deficiency, pterygium and limbal dermoids), establish new treatment modalities (e.g. allogenic cellular transplants) and help promote invivo expansion of residual stem cell populations in deficiency states. The major obstacle in the progress of research on limbal stem cells is the lack of knowledge of phenotypic markers of limbal epithelial stem cells. This project first studied the limbal expression of phenotypic markers that were discovered in other human adult and embryonic stem cell populations using microarray differential expression studies. Gene expression profiles of the relatively primitive human foetal limbus were compared with that of the central cornea. Microarray was also performed to identify the differential gene expression profile of cultured primary human limbal epithelial cells, when compared to the limbal epithelial cell population isolated after 5 serial cultures. 33 genes were upregulated in the human foetal limbus and primary cultured human limbal epithelium, when compared respectively to the central foetal cornea (first experiment) and the limbal epithelial cell population after the 5th trypsin passaged culture (second experiment). Four foetal limbal and primary limbal epithelial upregulated genes (CK15, CK14, Cdh3, and Wnt4) were confirmed to be upregulated by semi quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical experiments on the human foetal cornea, adult human cadaveric cornea and cultured human limbal epithelial cells. The microarray defined phenotypic profile of both the foetal limbus and cultured adult limbal epithelial cells will help identify these cells in in-vitro and in-vivo states. The expression of these 4 selected markers in the limbal dermoid and pterygium suggests that limbal epithelial cells containing a stem cell population are involved in the pathogenesis of these two disorders.

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13

Lause, Gregory E. "Testing for Osteogenic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1305310481.

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14

Calderone, Carli E. "Stem Cell Research: Science Education and Outreach." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1268751337.

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15

Copland, Paul S., and n/a. "Embryonic stem cell research and the metaphysics of identity." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070914.141825.

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Embryonic stem cell research has the potential to revolutionise both the practice of medicine and our understanding of the human body. Although the usual technical and financial limitations of research apply, perhaps the greatest obstacle to the progress of this research at the present time is the ethical concerns surrounding the destruction of early human embryos. The established debate over the ethical significance of the early embryo has thus taken on renewed importance. Within biology stem cell research has begun to overturn some long held assumptions about the roles of genes and cellular interaction in development. Building on recent advances in stem cell biology I develop a concept of Form that neatly captures what it is to be individuals like us in biological terms. Form not only defines a biological individual that exists across time regardless of changes in its physical constituents but also provides the biological foundation for our higher mental properties and our identity as persons. At the heart of the embryo debate is confusion over what human individuals are and therefore when they began. Defining when we began as the ethically significant individuals that we are now is the key to the embryo debate. Our metaphysics of identity is thus crucial to understanding the moral significance of the embryo. Compared to alternative understandings of identity within the debate surrounding the embryo Form provides compelling reasons why the very early embryo, at the stage that embryonic stem cells are derived, lacks any right to life or associated ethical significance. The derivation of embryonic stem cells is thus found to be ethically permissible.

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16

Kim, Jin Young Leo. "METABOLIC CONTROL OF THE EPIGENOME IN GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case157616602610095.

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17

Wang, Fangjing. "Biomedical Imaging of Stem Cells Using Reporter Genes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1261441999.

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18

Deng, Jie. "Neurogenesis of adult stem cells from the liver and bone marrow." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009700.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005.<br>Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 143 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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19

Chang, Hana. "Anisotropic Adaptation of Stem Cells to Changing Mechanical Environments." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1324013901.

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20

Guthrie, Steven Mitchell. "Hemangioblasts from hematopoietic stem cells to endothelial progenitor cells and their effector molecules /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010068.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005.<br>Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 95 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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21

Nortje, Nico. "The moral status of embryonic stem cell research in the South African context." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1372.

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Thesis (DPhil (Philosophy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.<br>Should surplus embryos which are destined to be discarded be protected at all cost, to the extent that they cannot contribute to medical knowledge - knowledge which could benefit society at large? Are embryos people or merely items of property? Different moral theories address these questions in different ways. Deontologists argue that the end never justifies the means and that the right not to be killed is more fundamental than the obligation to save. Utilitarians, on the other hand, argue that certain criteria should be met before moral significance can be contributed to an entity. The question of the moral status of the embryo is, as my discussion will show, one of the most widely discussed issues in the history of bioethics. Extensive literature exists on the topic. This study holds that an Ethics of Responsibility (ER) should by applied when answering the questions posed above as it encourages one to accept responsibility for the choices or decisions made and to defend them accordingly. I have endeavoured to answer the question of the personhood and rights of the embryo within the framework of the Ethics of Responsibility. Although these concepts overlap in many ways they remain central to the debate surrounding the sanctioning or prevention of the use of human embryonic stem cells in research. After identifying the micro-issues surrounding the human embryonic stem cell debate and explaining why both the deontologist and utilitarians fail to provide any adequate answers in this respect, I turn my attention to macro-issues such as safety concerns surrounding the usages and storage of stem cells. Commercialization, power issues, accessibility and the allocation of limited resources are also examined. Living in a society such as South Africa one cannot be blind to the inequalities of our health system. On a macro level I cannot but conclude that stem cell research does not seem to be a viable exercise within the South African context. South Africa faces a health care crisis far greater than the benefits stem cell research currently has to offer. However, the need still exists for a policy to guide future lawmakers who might need to address stem cell research and to guide decisions and actions. This brings me to my final chapter, namely proposing a morally justified policy for South Africa. I propose a policy which respects and values the autonomy of the progenitors’ choices (provided they have not been coerced) and which focuses on the beneficence of the greater society. Furthermore, it is paramount that the goal of any stem cell research should be for therapeutic use ONLY. Before commencing with the extraction of the stem cells, scientists should be obligated first to present convincing evidence that they have tried alternative ways to reach the same result. Once this has been proven, a regulatory body could issue the scientist/team with a license to undertake the specific research with a specific therapy as goal in order to prevent abuse. If they are found guilty of any unethical conduct their licenses should be revoked and an investigation launched.

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Espinha, Nuno Miguel Moura. "Bioprocess engineering of induced pluripotent stem cells for application in cell therapy and pre-clinical research." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11551.

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23

Petluru, Vipula. "Selective modulation of PPARγ activities in marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their effects on bone". University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1310132031.

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24

Swaminathan, Ganesh. "Evaluation Of Adult Stem Cell Derived Smooth Muscle Cells For Elastic Matrix Regenerative Repair." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1462209321.

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25

Oñate, Monje Lorena de 1985. "Research on cardiac differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells: how to get beating cells in a dish." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398575.

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Probably, the gain in organ complexity and cell function has led to a decrease in healing capacities in the adult mammalian heart. In an effort to generate new venues for the generation of functional cardiac cells, in the present work we have explored the possibility to manipulate cell fate and plasticity making use of different technologies. First, and taking advantage of somatic cell reprogramming we have generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (ucMSCs), an amenable source of stem cells in the clinical setting. In a very simple manner we have converted ucMSCs into iPSCs with either four transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC) or two transcription factors (OCT4 and SOX2). Second, by a cell conversion approach, we have been able to produce cells expressing cardiac-related markers at the protein level from human post-natal dermal fibroblasts. Our protocol induces cell de-differentiation by the overexpression of OCT4 and SOX2 pluripotent-related transcription factors first, and the specific meso-cardiac transcriptional factor GATA4 afterwards. Finally, in order to define new conditions for the generation of cardiac-like cells from either pluripotent stem cells or somatic cells, we have developed a reporter cell line for the cardiac gene alpha Myosin Heavy Chain (MYH6) by means of TALEN and CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing technologies. In this manner we have been able to explore culture conditions promoting cardiac differentiation from human embryonic stem cells. The work presented here shows different approaches aiming to generate cardiac-like cells with an impact in Regenerative Medicine.<br>És probable que l’adquisició de complexitat tant en els òrgans, com en les funcions cel•lulars al llarg de l’evolució hagi portat a la disminució de les capacitats d’autocuració del cor de mamífers adults. Per tal de generar noves plataformes per la generació de cèl•lules cardíaques funcionals, en el treball exposat a continuació, hem explorat la possibilitat de manipular tant el destí com la plasticitat cel•lular fent servir diferents tecnologies. En primer lloc, aprofitant la reprogramació somàtica, hem generat cèl•lules mare pluripotents induïdes (iPSCs) a partir de cèl•lules mare mesenquimals derivades de sang de cordó umbilical (ucMSCs), una font fàcilment accessible de cèl•lules mare en l’entorn clínic. De manera senzilla, hem aconseguit convertir ucMSCs en iPSCs amb quatre (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 i c-MYC) o amb tan sols dos factors de transcripció (OCT4 i SOX2). En segon lloc, mitjançant una estratègia de conversió cel•lular, hem aconseguit produir cèl•lules que expressen marcadors relacionats amb teixit cardíac a nivell proteic a partir de fibroblasts dèrmics post-natals d’origen humà. El nostre protocol indueix en una primera fase la de-diferenciació dels fibroblasts mitjançant la sobre expressió primer dels factors de pluripotència OCT4 i SOX2, i després del factor de transcripció específic per mesoderm cardíac GATA4. Finalment, amb l’objectiu de definir noves condicions per la generació de cèl•lules cardíaques a partir de cèl•lules mare pluripotents o cèl•lules somàtiques hem enginyat una línia cel•lular reportera pel gen cardíac que codifica per la cadena pesant de la miosina (alpha myosin heavy chain o MYH6) mitjançant les tècniques d’edició gènica TALEN i CRISPR/CAS9. D’aquesta manera hem estat capaços d’explorar diferents condicions de cultiu per promoure la diferenciació cardíaca a partir de cèl•lules mare pluripotents d’origen embrionari. El treball aquí exposat, mostra diferents estratègies dissenyades amb la intenció de generar cèl•lules cardíaques amb un cert impacte en la futura Medicina Regenerativa.

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26

Santiago-Torres, Juan E. "Fetal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Achieve Greater Gene Expression in Vitro, but Less Effective Osteoinduction in Vivo than Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1404561922.

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27

Kandimalla, Yugandhar. "Study of Chitosan Microparticles with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Regeneration." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1250778129.

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28

江卓庭 and Cheuk-ting Kong. "Understanding the function of the Mll-een leukaemic fusion gene by embryonic stem cell approaches." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244312.

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29

Joshi, Ramila Joshi. "Micro-engineering of embryonic stem cells niche to regulate neural cell differentiation." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1544029342969082.

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30

Baird, Janet W. "Molecular analysis of putative haemopoietic gene products derived from murine embryonal stem cells." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369024.

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31

Meriweather, Veronica. "Stem Cells Research for the Enhancement Cardiac Regeneration: The Current Role of Multi- and Pluri-Potent Cells in Injury Repair." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/159475.

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Physiology<br>M.S.<br>The study of cardiac regeneration can have many forms in which it is defined. It can not only be the ability to add new myocardium to dead or dying tissues, but also include the prevention of cardiac tissue degeneration, reversal of tissue remodeling, and the maintenance of systolic and diastolic function in the incidence of tissue damage, which can lead to subsequent heart failure progression. The use of stem cells for cardiac regeneration represents a growing field of new therapies for patients with end stage cardiac disease. Various studies have noted promising results in the recovery and reparation of these tissues. Cumulatively, their goals have become the identification of the most suitable cell type, as well as how to maximize functional efficiency and cost effectiveness for practical application. Many protocols simply do not ensure adequate cell engraftment, viability, and ultimately the return of normal tissue function. Investigators seek to determine how these processes can be enhanced or manipulated to promote cardiac regeneration in hopes of eventually making their clinical use a standard practice.<br>Temple University--Theses

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Manninen, Bertha Alvarez. "When does a human being gain a moral right to life? an ethical and metaphysical study of abortion and embryonic stem cell research /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3251580.

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Campbell, Ian. "Optimization of Methods for Generating Customized Gene-Edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cells." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504802720510926.

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34

Chang, Chuan-Yuan Ally. "Analysis of Stem Cells and Wound Healing in the Human Cornea." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/4954.

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PURPOSE:The limbus of the cornea is said to be the niche for limbal stem cells (LSCs) and the primary source of corneal epithelial maintenance. In this model, adult corneal epithelial cells are maintained by LSCs that cycle slowly and give rise to transient amplifying (TA) cells. These migrate centripetally, differentiate outwards to the surface, and are then lost by desquamation. This study set out to investigate the stem cell properties of human corneal epithelium and their contribution towards corneal epithelial regeneration after wounding. METHODS: Frozen sections of human corneal tissues were labelled with a number of putative stem cell markers. Human central and limbal corneal epithelial cells were isolated for holoclone formation assay and FACS isolation. Side population (SP) cells were separated based upon cell size and Hoechst dye efflux ability. A human corneal organotypic culture model was used to assess corneal healing in vitro. Injured corneas were analysed using cytokine antibody arrays and immunohistochemical markers for cell proliferation and stem cells. RESULTS: The expression of putative stem cell markers ΔNp63α and ABCG2 was clearly evident in the suprabasal and basal layers of the limbus, but was also observed in central epithelium. Human limbal and central corneal epithelial cells were both capable of forming holoclones in 2:1 ratio respectively. In FACS, central SP and limbal SP cells showed no significant difference based upon size and dye efflux. After wounding, the capacity for epithelial cell proliferation and migration appears to be as active in the central cornea as in the periphery/limbus. Central and peripheral epithelial recovery remains equal even after ablation of the limbus. CONCLUSION: Cells from the central human corneal epithelium have many putative stem cell properties. These results raise questions not only about the distribution and substance of stem cells in the cornea, but also the role of the limbus itself. The central epithelium is able to heal independently of the limbus.

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Sargent, Carolyn Yeago. "Effects of hydrodynamic culture on embryonic stem cell differentiation: cardiogenic modulation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34710.

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Stem and progenitor cells are an attractive cell source for the treatment of degenerative diseases due to their potential to differentiate into multiple cell types and provide large cell yields. Thus far, however, clinical applications have been limited due to inefficient differentiation into desired cell types with sufficient yields for adequate tissue repair and regeneration. The ability to spontaneously aggregate in suspension makes embryonic stem cells (ESCs) amenable to large-scale culture techniques for the production of large yields of differentiating cell spheroids (termed embryoid bodies or EBs); however, the introduction of hydrodynamic conditions may alter differentiation profiles within EBs and should be methodically examined. The work presented here employs a novel, laboratory-scale hydrodynamic culture model to systematically interrogate the effects of ESC culture hydrodynamics on cardiomyocyte differentiation through the modulation of a developmentally-relevant signaling pathway. The fluidic environment was defined using computational fluid dynamic modeling, and the effects of hydrodynamic conditions on EB formation, morphology and structure were assessed. Additionally, EB differentiation was examined through gene and protein expression, and indicated that hydrodynamic conditions modulate differentiation patterns, particularly cardiogenic lineage development. This work illustrates that mixing conditions can modulate common signaling pathways active in ESC differentiation and suggests that differentiation may be regulated via bioprocessing parameters and bioreactor design.

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Bratt-Leal, Andrés Miguel. "Biomaterial integration within 3D stem cell aggregates for directed differentiation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45934.

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The derivation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has created an invaluable resource for scientific study and discovery. Further improvement in differentiation protocols is necessary to generate the large number of cells needed for clinical relevance. The goal of this work was to develop a method to incorporate biomaterial microparticles (MPs) within stem cell aggregates and to evaluate their use for local control of the cellular microenvironment for directed differentiation. The effects of unloaded MPs on ESC differentiation were first determined by controlled incorporation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), agarose and gelatin MPs. Embryoid body (EB) formation, cell viability, and gross morphology were not affected by the presence of the MPs. Further analysis of gene expression and patterns of phenotypic marker expression revealed alterations in the differentiation profile in response to material incorporation. The ability of MPs to direct ESC differentiation was investigated by incorporation of growth factor loaded MPs within EBs. MPs were loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4). BMP-4 loaded MPs incorporated within EBs induced mesoderm gene expression while inhibiting expression of an ectoderm marker compared to untreated EBs. Finally, magnetic MPs (magMPs) were incorporated within EBs to induce magnetic sensitivity. The responsiveness of EBs to applied magnetic fields was controlled by the number of magMPs incorporated within the aggregates. Magnetic guidance was then used to control the precise location of single EBs or populations of EBs for bioreactor culture and for construction of heterogeneous cell constructs. Overall, the results indicated that PSC differentiation within spheroids is sensitive to various types of biomaterials. Incorporation of MPs within EBs can be used to direct ESC differentiation by control of the cellular environment from microscale interactions, by delivery of soluble factors, to macroscale interactions, by control of EB position in static and suspension cultures.

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Jabero, Marvin Frank. "Investigation for the Identification of Transient Amplifying/Stem Cell Pool in Oral Mucosa." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276788518.

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38

Morrison, Christa (De Swardt). "Human stem cell research : tracking media attention in time from 1998-2005." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1043.

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Thesis (MA (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>Moral questions arising from advances in science and technology are proliferating exponentially. Much controversy surrounds the ways in which biotechnology is used to eradicate a vast range of diseases and injuries. Stem cell research is one such way. Throughout the world stem cell research has been met with varying responses that range from opposition and criticism to approval and advocacy. As a result, it has attracted significant attention from the news media. The media have been accused of bias by focusing only on the controversial aspects of the research as opposed to reporting fully and fairly on the remarkable scientific advances. In this study I look at the patterns of media attention paid to stem cell research in the international weekly magazine Time between November 1998 and September 2005 inclusive. Contrary to the results expected on the basis of my literature study which pointed out the notion that the media tend to focus on sensational news more than non-controversial issues, I found that Time did a fair job in reporting on the scientific aspects of stem cell research. The percentage content of articles by year, focusing on scientific information of stem cells, dominated other news frames. The two years following the 2000 and 2004 American presidential elections, are however marked by the dominance of policy frames. This study found that Time covered controversial issues like embryonic stem cell research, public funding debates and political policy development in direct relation to their rise and fall on the political agenda in the United States.

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Beligala, Dilshan Harshajith. "Stem-like cells and glial progenitors in the adult mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1566319291491512.

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Wray, Jason Patrick. "Characterisation of a novel culture condition for the establishment and maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cells and implications for the mechanisms of self-renewal." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3215.

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Pluripotency is defined as the ability of a cell to give rise to all the cell types of the adult organism. In vivo this property is possessed transiently by the cells of the epiblast in the developing embryo but it can be maintained indefinitely by deriving embryonic stem (ES) cells. How the pluripotent state is established in the cells of the early embryo and how it is ‘captured’ and maintained in the form of ES cells is a fascinating question for biology with practical implications. It is hoped that ES cells will be of use in biomedical research and cell replacement therapy. Our understanding of their biology and our ability to manipulate the cells in vitro will be of great importance if these hopes are to be realised. The starting point for the work presented in this thesis was the development of a novel culture condition for the derivation and maintenance of mouse ES cells (Q-L. Ying and J. Nichols). The media is formed by the addition of three small molecule inhibitors to a previously described serum-free media, N2B27, and is termed 3i (three inhibitors).The inhibitors are SU5402, PD184352 and CHIRON99021, and they inhibit the FGF receptor, mitogen activated protein/extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) respectively. I attempt to further our understanding of pluripotency and self-renewal in ES cells by genetic and biochemical examination of ES cells cultured in 3i. Analysis of intracellular signalling pathways together with descriptions of genetic mutants for the targets of the inhibitors validates the mode of action and the specificity of the three inhibitors. Self-renewal of mouse ES cells is considered dependent on activation of STAT3 through provision of the cytokine leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). I demonstrate unequivocally that this pathway is not required for self-renewal in 3i by characterising Stat3-null ES cells. Further experiments reveal that preventing activation of ERK downstream of the growth factor FGF4, produced by the ES cells themselves, is key to preventing differentiation. Pleiotropic effects of GSK3 inhibition are observed and candidate GSK3 targets with known or predicted effects on self-renewal are investigated as potential downstream effectors. I propose that activation of canonical Wnt signalling, together with a global derepression of biosynthetic capacity, mediate the pro-self-renewal effects of GSK3 inhibition. The description of culture conditions that function independently of signalling pathways previously thought essential for self-renewal provides fresh insight into the nature of ES cell self-renewal and the relationship of ES cells to the pluripotent cells of the developing embryo. There are practical implications for ES cell biology as there is reason to hope that the new conditions will translate more readily to other mammalian species to facilitate the derivation of ES cells and will provide an optimal platform for differentiation of ES cells into somatic cell types of interest.

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DiVincenzo, Lola S. "DIRECTION OF INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION BY ENDOTHELIAL CELL SECRETOME." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1438031276.

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Bhat, Samerna. "Impact of Nicotine and PPARd-agonist on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1366337315.

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Flavahan, William Alexander. "Glioma Stem Cells Adapt to Restricted Nutrition Through Preferential Glucose Uptake." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1384252748.

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Aggarwal, Reeva. "Mechanisms of Human CD34+ Stem Cell-Mediated Regulation of Osteoporosis in a Preclinical Model." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354637444.

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Witek, Rafal Piotr. "Novel application of gene therapy and somatic stem cells in treating metabolic liver disorders." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009820.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005.<br>Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 127 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Kim, Saejeong. "USE OF ENDOTHELIAL-SPECIFIC PROMOTERS TO IDENTIFY AND SELECT DIFFERENTIATING STEM CELLS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1237483364.

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Samitsch, Marina. "Dissecting human haematopoietic progenitors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:58511f8d-cb36-4acf-b706-c465c50f5404.

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Human haematopoiesis resembles a complex hierarchy, however most intermediate stages are only poorly defined. Efforts to characterise human progenitors have been inconsistent and failed to integrate previous knowledge. Furthermore, characterisation of normal progenitors has important implications in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) biology. We previously established that leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) resemble the immunophenotypic progenitor compartments more closely than the stem cell fraction. Therefore, I set out to characterise human stem and progenitor cells (HSCPs) on phenotypic, molecular and functional level to complete the picture of human haematopoiesis. I purified HSPCs based on their immunophenotype from adult bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord blood (CB) to investigate steady state and neonatal haematopoiesis. To define differentiation potentials, HSPCs were subjected to functional in vitro assays on bulk and clonal level. Limit dilution assays were used to determine the frequency of cells with multiple differentiation potentials. RNA sequencing revealed underlying lineage priming and specific gene expression signatures. I successfully characterized the incompletely defined Lin<sup>-</sup>CD34<sup>+</sup>CD38<sup>-</sup>CD45RA<sup>+</sup> fraction in BM and CB, containing a CD10<sup>lo</sup> lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP) with T cell, B cell, NK cell, granulocytic and monocytic differentiation potential, and succeeded in placing it in the haematopoietic hierarchy with relation to similar lympho-myeloid progenitors defined by other groups. This research lays the foundation to characterise early human progenitors with a comprehensive toolkit on a phenotypic, molecular and functional level. Findings from this thesis might provide knowledge about potential targets in LSCs.

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Dunphy, Jaclyn Marie. "Infection of Neural Stem Cells with Murine Leukemia Viruses Inhibits Oligodendroglial Differentiation: Implications for Spongiform Neurodegeneration." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334343584.

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Seriola, Petit Anna. "Pluripotent stem cells as research models: the examples of trinucleotide repeat instability and X-chromosome inactivation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325148.

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Els models de malalties són una eina bàsica per la comprensió de les malalties humanes. Actualment, la majoria de la informació de la que disposem de malalties humanes es basa en models animals. Tot i això, els models animals difereixen molecular i fenotípicament dels humans, i no sempre reprodueixen fidelment la malaltia humana. En les últimes dècades, les cèl·lules mare humanes s’han establert com una opció molt interessant en el camp de la modelització cel·lular. En aquest treball hem volgut caracteritzar les cèl·lules mare embrionàries com a models per a l’estudi de la inestabilitat de la repetició de trinucleotids a la distròfia miotonica tipus 1 (DM1) i la malaltia de Huntington (HD). Així mateix, hem volgut estudiar la inactivació del cromosoma X amb la intenció de fer servir linees cel·lulars com a models per l’estudi del desenvolupament embrionàri humà. A la primera part d’aquest treball, hem observant una inestabilitat de repeticions de trinucleotids significativa al locus de la malaltia DM1 de les cèl·lules mare estudiades. La diferenciació d’aquestes cèl·lules va estabilitzar el número de repeticions. L’estabilització de les repeticions va ser concomitant amb la regulació a la baixa de l’expressió de gens involucrats en els mecanismes de reparació cel·lular. Posteriorment a la publicació del nostre article, altres grups varen reproduir els nostres resultats, però en aquest cas utilitzant cèl·lules mare induïdes. Els estudis recolzen la reproductibilitat dels nostres resultats, suggerint que poden ser extrapol·lats a altres linees de cèl·lules mare arreu del mon. Referent a la mutació de HD, varem trobar que era estable en totes les condicions estudiades, en cèl·lules indiferenciades, diferenciades a progenitors d’os, teratomes i progenitors neurals. Aquests resultats estan en concordancia amb els resultats obtinguts per altres grups que descriuen un baix nombre de repeticions al locus de HD. Per altra banda, varis grups han descrit la presencia de inestabilitat de les repeticions en cèl·lules diferenciades a la linea neural. La discrepància entre els nostres resultats i aquests últims podria ser deguda a la obtenció de cèl·lules neurals menys madures en el moment del nostre estudi. A la segona part d’aquesta tesis hem estudiat la inactivació del cromosoma X en 23 línies femenines de cèl·lules mare pluripotents. Vàrem observar una ràpida progressió de les cèl·lules de dependència de XIST en la inactivació del cromosoma X cap a un estat d’adaptació al cultiu que es caracteritza per un estadi de inactivació independent de l’expressió de XIST i amb una erosió de la metilació. També describim un patró d’inactivació esbiaixat en la majoria de les línies estudiades, contrari al patró aleatori observat en cèl·lules femenines adultes. A més a més, aquest patró és independent de XIST, de l’origen del cromosoma X i d’aberracions cromosòmiques. Aquests resultats suggereixen que el patró esbiaixat observant esta dirigit provablement per l’activació o repressió d’al·lels específics que es troben en el cromosoma X i que li confereixen a la cèl·lula un avantatge respecte a les altres cèl·lules. En conclusió, les cèl·lules mare pluripotents semblen ser un bon model in vitro per a l’estudi d’ambdues malalties, DM1 i HD, ja que presenten el mateix patró d’inestabilitat de la repetició del trinucleotid que s’observa in vivo. Cal remarcar també la depencia Overall, hPSC appear to be a good in vitro model for the study of both DM1 and HD TNR instability, as the repeat follows in vitro the same patterns as found in vivo, including its dependency of the MMR machinery, particularly in the case of DM1. However, our results on the study of the X chromosome inactivation (XCI) state suggest caution when using hPSC as early human developmental research models. The eroded state of XCI found in many of the hPSC lines, and the frequency of skewed XCI patterns suggests that these cells are not a good proxy to early embryonic cells, at least what XCI is concerned. Conversely, they may still provide an interesting model to study gene function and mechanisms implicated.<br>Disease modelling is an essential tool for the understanding of human disease. Currently, much of the information we have on human diseases is based on animal models. However, animal models differ molecularly and phenotypically from humans, and are not always suitable to reproduce with fidelity human diseases. In the past decades, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have emerged as an interesting option in the field of cellular modelling, this development recently having taken up much momentum. In this work, we aimed at characterizing hPSC as models for the study of Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and Huntington’s disease (HD) trinucleotide repeat (TNR) instability and to investigate the status of the X-chromosome inactivation with an eye on using these cells as models for early human development. In the first part of our work, we observed a significant TNR instability for the DM1 locus in hESC, and that differentiation resulted in a stabilization of the repeat. This stabilization was concommitant with a downregulation of the mismatch repair (MMR). Our results were later replicated in hiPSC by other researchers, showing their reproducibility and suggesting they may be extrapolated to other hPSC lines worldwide. Regarding the HD repeat, we found it was very stable in all conditions studied, both in undifferentiated hESC and cells differentiated into osteogenic progenitor-like cells, teratoma cells and neural progenitors. This is in line with other studies showing that hESC show very limited TNR in the HD locus. On the other hand, some groups have now reported some instability of this locus in cells differentiated into the neuronal lineage. The instability seen in neuronal lineage in later studies, not in our study, is probably explained by the use of hPSC derived neurons more similar to the cells showing in vivo instability than the ones we were able to generate at the time of the study. In the second part of the thesis we studied the X-chromosome inactivation in 23 female hPSC lines. We found that hPSC rapidly progress from a XIST-dependent XCI state to a culture-adapted, XIST-independent XCI state with loss of repressive histone modifications and erosion of methylation. We also report a remarkably high incidence of non-random XCI patterns, and that this skewing of the methylation patterns is independent from the transition to the XIST-independent XCI state, the origin of the X chromosome or chromosomal aberrations. These results suggest that XCI skewing is possibly driven by the activation or repression of a specific allele on the X chromosome, conferring a growth or survival advantage to the cells. Overall, hPSC appear to be a good in vitro model for the study of both DM1 and HD TNR instability, as the repeat follows in vitro the same patterns as found in vivo, including its dependency of the MMR machinery, particularly in the case of DM1. However, our results on the study of the X chromosome inactivation (XCI) state suggest caution when using hPSC as early human developmental research models. The eroded state of XCI found in many of the hPSC lines, and the frequency of skewed XCI patterns suggests that these cells are not a good proxy to early embryonic cells, at least what XCI is concerned. Conversely, they may still provide an interesting model to study gene function and mechanisms implicated.

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Lam, Phuong T. "Crispr/cas9-mediated genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells to advance human retina regeneration research." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1575372014701457.

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