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Academic literature on the topic 'Sten machine carbine'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sten machine carbine"
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Gupta, Navriti, A. K. Agrawal,, R. S. Walia, and Ranganath Singari. "Hard Turning of AISI D2 Steel In CNC Machining: An Overview." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35121/ijapie201801125.
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D2 steel is an industrial tool steel. It is widely used in the tool and die industry for making cutting tool inserts, bending inserts, restriking inserts, etc. which can be taken out after their tool life. D2 steel is a very tough steel and difficult to machine also. High generations tool bits like Tungsten carbides and Titanium carbides are required to machine them. The heat treatment follows the machining process. Their machinability is very low. CNC machines are often used to finish them. Often they are machined using programs on UG-NX Uni Graphics(CAM) and DELCAM. And they have to be machined in three steps. Roughing operations, followed by Semi-Finish machining and the last step is finish machining.CNC machining centers are versatile in their applications in metal removal processes. Often they are so modernized that just like many manufacturing operations, metal removal can be automated too. The need for CNC machining arises due to extensive finishing requirements in the aerospace, automotive industries. However, the CNC or Computer and Numerically controlled machining process usage is not limited to these industries only. Tool and Die industry also is heavily dependent on CNC material removal and machining processes as now replaceable inserts are widely used in this industry.
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Artamonov, Evgeniy V., Vitaliy V. Kireev, and Vitaliy A. Zyryanov. "An interlocking side mill with retrofittable carbide blades for processing of coarse-pitch tooth wheels." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401051.
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Nowadays Russian manufacturers of metal-cutting tools for machine-building industry do not offer structures of prefabricated cutting hobs with retrofittable carbide blades for processing of tooth wheels, though usage of retrofittable carbide blades allows to increase significantly working capacity and productivity of the processing. As of today creation of an assembly cutting tool for processing of tooth wheels with the retrofittable carbide blades is a big step forward for machine-building industry. A high quality tool allows warranting for a new equipment and making work of operators more productive. This paper offers a new technical solution providing increase of efficiency of processing by assembly tools with the retrofittable carbide blades made of a hard alloy. Due to usage of progressive cutting patterns division of a margin for straight-line segments and curved sections is performed. This division has a positive impact on cutting hard-alloy inserts and also reduces their wear and tear.
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Carrino, Stefano, Jonathan Guerne, Jonathan Dreyer, Hatem Ghorbel, Alain Schorderet, and Raphael Montavon. "Machining Quality Prediction Using Acoustic Sensors and Machine Learning." Proceedings 63, no. 1 (December 17, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020063031.
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The online automatic estimation of the quality of products manufactured in any machining process without any manual intervention represents an important step toward a more efficient, smarter manufacturing industry. Machine learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), in particular, were used in this study for the monitoring and prediction of the machining quality conditions in a high-speed milling of stainless steel (AISI 303) using a 3mm tungsten carbide. The quality was predicted using the Acoustic Emission (AE) signals captured during the cutting operations. The spectrograms created from the AE signals were provided to the CNN for a 3-class quality level. A promising average f1-score of 94% was achieved.
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Zhang, Peng, Li Hua Lu, Bo Wang, and Ying Chun Liang. "Experimental Study on the Cutting Performance of Ultra-Precision Micro Milling Machine." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2546.
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To meet the requirement for the machining of the ultra-precision, ultra-smooth and micro-structure surface, an ultra-precision three axes micro milling machine was developed with the positioning accuracy better than ±0.25μm and the repetitive positioning accuracy better than ±0.2μm of all the three axes. The machine is proved to achieve the nanometer scale step response. Through milling experiments with micro-diameter tungsten carbide milling tool, the cutting performance has been further proved: the milling accuracy of 50μm-high step on the workpiece of aluminum alloy is better than ±0.3μm; and the 3D surface of pure copper workpiece is as smooth as mirror, with a roughness reaching 40nm. At last, the thin-walled structure of 10μm thickness on the workpiece of aluminum alloy is milled.
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Breidenstein, Bernd, Christoph Gey, and Berend Denkena. "Residual Stress Development in Laser Machined PVD-Coated Carbide Cutting Tools." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.391.
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Abstract. There is growing interest in laser machining as an alternative to abrasive processes for creating cutting tool micro geometries. This technology is also suitable for creating micro geometries on cutting edges of superhard cutting tools. The pulsed nanosecond lasers, which are commonly used for this type of application, induce a high thermal load in the tool. This heat is believed to result in tensile residual stresses at the cutting edge surface, which are generally unfavorable for cutting tool performance because of the tendency to crack formation and propagation. Different levels of compressive residual stress exist after each step (sintering, grinding, shot peening, etching and PVD-coating). From investigations of commercial processes for manufacturing PVD-coated carbide cutting tools it is known that the final residual stress state of the carbide subsurface is a result of superposition of the stress states resulting from the individual process steps. In contrast to that, a laser machining process is expected to produce tensile residual stress due to the heat input. The present work describes the influence of a process chain alteration for PVD-coated carbide cutting tools by a laser machining process on the residual stress state in the finished tools.
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Pedroso, Marcos Paulo Gonçalves, Benedito de Moraes Purquerio, and Carlos Alberto Fortulan. "Manufacturing of Green Ceramic Balls: Machine and Process." Materials Science Forum 881 (November 2016): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.881.200.
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Ceramic balls are great application in high precision components such as hybrid bearings or hip prostheses where high performance is only achieved through close tolerances of form and dimension. Green machining is a critical step in the manufacturing of balls since the allowance removed and the surface finish achieved at the conclusion have a direct influence on the quality of the final product. The work aims to design a prototype for machining the green ball to Ø19 mm following the approach of mechanical design methodology. The concept consists of three wheels, two for drag with speed and direction of rotation variables to promote random orbital effect on the ball and a grinding wheel with track of silicon carbide #120 mesh. Spherical zirconia blanks were shaped by isostatic pressing at 200 MPa and machined in the manufactured prototype.
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Rangari, Vijaya K., M. Yousuf, and Shaik Jeelani. "Influence of SiC/Si3N4 Hybrid Nanoparticles on Polymer Tensile Properties." Journal of Composites 2013 (October 31, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/462914.
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Nanostructured silicon carbide (SiC)/silicon nitride (Si3N4) hybrid nanoparticles exhibit a high-potential for reinforcement of polymers. In the present investigation, silicon carbide (β-SiC) nanoparticles (~30 nm) were sonochemically coated on acicular silicon nitride (~100 nm × 800 nm) particles to increase the thermal and mechanical properties of Nylon-6 nanocomposite fibers. To produce Nylon-6/(SiC/Si3N4) nanocomposite fibers, we have followed a two-step process. In the first step, SiC nanoparticles were coated on Si3N4 nanorods using a sonochemical method and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide surfactant. In the second step, the SiC coated Si3N4 hybrid nanoparticles were blended with Nylon-6 polymer and extruded in the form of nanocomposite polymer fibers. The nanocomposite fibers were uniformly stretched and stabilized using a two-set Godet roll machine. The diameters of the extruded neat Nylon-6 and SiC/Si3N4/Nylon-6 nanocomposite fibers were measured using a scanning electron microscope and then tested for their tensile and thermal properties. These results were compared with the neat Nylon-6 polymer fibers. These results clearly indicate that the as-prepared nanocomposite polymer fibers are much higher in tensile strength (242%) and Young’s modulus (716%) as compared to the neat polymer fibers.
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Kido, Takanori, Masatake Nagaya, Kenji Kawata, and Tomohisa Kato. "A Novel Grinding Technique for 4H-SiC Single-Crystal Wafers Using Tribo-Catalytic Abrasives." Materials Science Forum 778-780 (February 2014): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.778-780.754.
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Diamond abrasives are generally used to machine silicon carbide (SiC) single crystals because of the high hardness of those crystals. Although Chemo-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) employs abrasives softer than the SiC single crystals together with oxidizing agents in order to avoid mechanical damage to the surface of SiC single-crystal wafers, none has reported so far the use of abrasive wheels other than diamond for grinding large SiC single-crystal wafers. The current study revealed that a novel grinding technique using non-diamond abrasives such as ceria (CeO2) can efficiently machine large SiC single-crystal wafers of 100 mm in diameter due hypothetically to the nature of newly named tribo-catalytic abrasives, and is promising to minimize the surface damage prior to the final CMP step.
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Rirattanapong, P., P. Senawongse, C. Harnirattisal, and W. Wunsiw. "Effect of Smear Layers Created by Different Burs on Durability of Self-Etching Adhesive Bond to Dentin of Primary Teeth." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 39, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-39.3.224.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a smear layer generated by a high-speed diamond or carbide bur on the durability of microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of a self-etching adhesive to primary dentin. Study Design: Flat occlusal dentin surfaces of 105 human primary molars were exposed using 600 grit silicon carbide paper before being divided into 2 groups for further grinding with either a highspeed diamond or carbide bur. Ten prepared dentin surfaces treated by each bur were evaluated for the characteristics of the smear layer using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Seventy-five specimens from each bur-prepared group were applied with a 2-step self-etching adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond®) then built up with a resin composite. Each bonded specimen was sectioned into a 1-mm thick slab and trimmed to a dumbbell shape with a cross-sectional area of approximately 1 mm2. All slabs were divided into 3 groups (n=25) according to 3 storage times of 24 hrs, 3 months, and 6 months, in distilled water at 37°C. After storage, the μTBS was determined using a universal testing machine. All fracture specimens were prepared for observation of failure modes. Ten bonded specimens of each bur group were prepared for observation of the resin-dentin interface using an SEM. Smear-layer thickness, μTBS, and failure mode distributions were statistically analyzed. Results: The high speed carbide bur created a significantly thinner smear layer than the diamond bur (p < 0.05). Dentin surfaces treated with a high-speed carbide bur generally obtained significantly higher μTBS than the diamond bur group (p < 0.05). The μTBS gradually decreased over time such that specimens stored for 6 months had significantly lower bond strength than those stored for 24 hrs (p < 0.05). Self-etching adhesive created a hybrid layer of the same thickness when prepared with either a carbide bur or diamond bur, but the carbide bur group had longer and more resin tags. Conclusion: Highspeed carbide bur groups had a higher μTBS than diamond bur groups for all storage times, and bond strengths decreased over time in both substrate groups. The use of a carbide bur produced a thinner smear layer and therefore is recommended when using this 2-step self-etching adhesive to bond the resin composite to primary dentin.
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Constantin, George, Emilia Balan, Ionelia Voiculescu, Victor Geanta, and Valentin Craciun. "Cutting Behavior of Al0.6CoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloy." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2020): 4181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184181.
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There is an increased interest in high entropy alloys as a result of the special possibilities of improving the mechanical, physical or chemical characteristics resulting from metallic matrices made of different chemical elements added in equimolar proportions. The next step in developing new alloys is to determine the cutting conditions to optimize manufacturing prescriptions. This article presents a series of tests performed to estimate the machining behavior of the Al0.6CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy. The effects of temperature during machining, wear effects on the cutting tool, evolution of the hardness on the processed areas, cutting force components and resultant cutting force for high entropy alloy (HEA) in comparison with 304 stainless steel, scrap aspect and machined surface quality were analyzed to have an image of the HEA machinability. In terms of cutting forces, the behavior of the HEA was found to be about 59% better than that of stainless steel. XRD analysis demonstrated that the patterns are very similar for as-cast and machined surfaces. The wear effects that appear on the cutting edge faces for the tool made of rapid steel compared to carbide during HEA machining led to the conclusion that physical vapor deposition (PVD)-coated carbide inserts are suitable for the cutting of HEAs.
Books on the topic "Sten machine carbine"
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Laidler, Peter. The Sten machine carbine. Cobourg, ON: Collector Grade Publications, 2000.
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Iannamico, Frank. The British Sten manual for shooters and collectors: History, maintenance, troubleshooting, accessories, British and foreign models. Harmony, ME: Moose Lake Pub., 1997.
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Service, His Majesty's. Carbine Machine Sten 9mm Mk.II: General Instructions, Handling Stripping Cleaning Assembling Feb. 1942. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.
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Launay, Jean-Pierre, and Michel Verdaguer. The mastered electron: molecular electronics and spintronics, molecular machines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814597.003.0005.
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After a historical account of the evolution which led to the concept of Molecular Electronics, the “Hybrid Molecular Electronics” approach (that is, molecules connected to nanosized metallic electrodes) is discussed. The different types of transport (one-step, two-step with different forms of tunnelling) are described, including the case where the molecule is paramagnetic (Kondo resonance). Several molecular achievements are presented: wires, diodes, memory cells, field-effect transistors, switches, using molecules, but also carbon nanotubes. A spin-off result is the possibility of imaging Molecular Orbitals. The emerging field of molecular spintronics is presented. Besides hybrid devices, examples are given of electronic functionalities using ensembles of molecules, either in solution (logical functions) or in the solid state (memory elements). The relation with the domain of Quantum Computing is presented, including the particular domain of Quantum Hamiltonian Computing. The chapter finishes by an introduction to molecular machines, with the problem of the directional control of their motion.
Conference papers on the topic "Sten machine carbine"
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Khalkho, J. S., Ch S. Vidyasagar, and D. B. Karunakar. "Evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-TaC Composites Developed by Muti-Step Stir Casting Process." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8291.
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Abstract In the present study, four AA7075 composite samples reinforced with varying amounts of TaC in the range of 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt%, were developed using a multi-step stir casting to improve the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the developed samples such as microhardness, tensile strength, compression strength, and elongation were characterized using a computerized Vickers hardness testing machine for microhardness and a Universal Testing Machine for both tensile and compression respectively. The effect of Tantalum carbide on the microstructures of the composite samples was characterized using an optical microscope. The microstructures and the mechanical properties of the developed composites were correlated. The results show a gradual increase in the mechanical properties with an increase in TaC reinforcement, However, the elongation decreased gradually with the increase in TaC content. The highest mechanical properties were found in the composite reinforced with 0.4. wt% TaC with the highest microhardness of 121 Hv, Ultimate Tensile Strength of 369 MPa, Yield Strength of 338 MPa and compression strength of 784 MPa.
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Seshadri, Lakshminarayanan, Harini Nivetha Raja, Pramod Kumar, Abdul Nassar, Gaurav Giri, and Leonid Moroz. "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Turbomachinery Options for Kilowatt to Gigawatt Level Power Generation." In ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2472.
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Abstract Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton cycles can be used in conjunction with a host of heat sources associated with different magnitudes of net power generation. In this paper, the overall design features of the turbomachinery, namely the turbine and compressor are evaluated for kilowatt to Gigawatt range of net cycle power using a commercial design tool — AxSTREAM®. The thermodynamic cycle considered in all cases is a simple recuperated Brayton cycle with turbine and compressor inlet temperatures of 540 °C and 45 °C respectively. The highest and lowest pressures in the cycle are 210 bar and 85 bar respectively. The preliminary design is carried out using an inverse algorithm with a meanline solver that generates many geometries for the given boundary conditions using standard loss correlations to account for different losses in turbomachines. It, thus, provides the general design features of the compressor and turbine which include — machine size, shaft speed at design point, overall efficiency, number of blades, blade heights, blade angles and number of stages for axial turbines. The choice of axial or radial impeller and initial estimates of machine size and shaft speed are made based on standard specific speed-specific diameter charts and important loss parameters are presented for each case. This study serves as a first step towards in-depth blade profiling, 3-D analysis and design of the turbomachinery required to bring this technology to the practical realm.
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Sun, Juanjuan, Lingyu Sun, Junmin Du, and Taikun Wang. "Impact Damage and Residual Strength of Composite Joints in Car Bodies." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62523.
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With the weight reduction requirements for vehicles and the cost reduction tendency for carbon fibers, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) will be applied more and more in automobile bodies in place of some steel materials. However, the structural design method using CFRPs is much different from that using steel. For example, the anisotropic material properties and the brittle plastics matrix need to be considered, and the connection between components is through adhesive joints, which is possibly weaker than the traditional spot welding. These features make CFRPs sensitive to impact loads, especially the repeated low-energy impact. This paper presents a damage-based residual modulus and strength prediction method, which may be utilized in the design of composites components subject to repeated impact loads. First, the CFRPs samples were impacted repeatedly by the pendulum hammer at a constant kinetic energy, 2J, and then, the residual bending modulus and strength were measured by static three-point bending machine. According to the test data, the relationship between impact number and residual stiffness and residual strength were established, and the damage factors after each impact were calculated. In subsequent numerical simulation, the damage accumulation effect was included in the one-step prediction model through replacing the initial modulus by the degradation modulus, and this method was verified numerically by comparison with N-step prediction results after N-times impact calculations. Finally, two kinds of composite joints were analyzed numerically, which provides theoretical guide for the design of composite joints in automobile body.
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White, David J. "Hybrid Gas Turbine and Fuel Cell Systems in Perspective Review." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-419.
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The concept of hybrids combining fuel cell and gas turbine systems is without question neoteric, and probably is less than eight years old. However, this concept is in a sense a logical development derived from the many early systems that embodied the key features of rotating machinery to compress air. It was the introduction of high temperature fuel cells such as the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) that allowed the concept of hybrid gas turbine fuel cell systems to take root. The SOFC with an operating temperature circa 1000° C matched well with small industrial gas turbines that had firing temperatures on the same order. The recognition that the SOFC could be substituted for the gas turbine combustor was the first step into the realm of fuel cell topping systems. Fuel cells in general were recognized as having higher efficiencies at elevated pressures. Thus the hybrid topping system where the gas turbine pressurized the fuel cell and the fuel cell supplied the hot gases for expansion over the turbine promised to provide a high level of synergy between the two systems. Bottoming systems using the exhaust of a gas turbine as the working fluid of a fuel cell such as the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) have been identified and are potential future power generation hybrid systems. The MCFC is especially well suited to the bottoming role because of the need to have carbon dioxide present in the inlet air stream. The carbon dioxide in the gas turbine exhaust allows the high temperature blower, normally used to recirculate and inject exhaust products into the inlet air, to be eliminated. Hybrid systems have the potential of achieving fossil fuel to electricity conversion efficiencies on the order of 70% and higher. The costs of hybrid systems in dollars per kilowatt are generally higher than say an advanced gas turbine that is available today but not by much. The net energy output over the life of a hybrid topping system is similar to that of a recuperated gas turbine but possibly lower than a high-efficiency simple-cycle machine, depending on the efficiency of the hybrid. Methodologies to aid in the selection of the hybrid system for future development have to be developed and used consistently. Life cycle analyses (LFA) provide a framework for such selection processes. In particular the concept of net energy output provides a mechanism to assign relative worth to competing concepts.
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Keprate, Arvind, and R. M. Chandima Ratnayake. "Data Mining for Estimating Fatigue Strength Based on Composition and Process Parameters." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95155.
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Abstract Accurately estimating the fatigue strength of steels is vital, due to the extremely high cost (and time) of fatigue testing and often fatal consequences of fatigue failures. The main objective of this manuscript is to perform data mining on the fatigue dataset for steel available from the National Institute of Material Science (NIMS) MatNavi. The cross-industry process for data mining (CRISP-DM) approach was followed in the paper, in order to gain meaningful insights from the dataset and to estimate the fatigue strength of carbon and low alloy steels, using composition and processing parameters. Of the six steps of the CRISP-DM approach, special emphasis has been placed on steps 2 to 5 (i.e. data understanding, data preparation, modeling and evaluation). In step 4 (i.e. modeling), a range of machine learning (parametric and non-parametric) is explored to predict the fatigue strength, based on the composition and process parameters. Various algorithms were trained and tested on the dataset and finally evaluated, using metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Explained Variance Score (EVS).
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Messelier-Gouze, Clarisse, Christian Bre´zillon, Andre´ Tubiana, and Gilles Rousseau. "Justification of the Use of Liquid Nitrogen to Make Ice-Plugs in Carbon-Manganese Steel Pipes for Maintenance Purposes in Nuclear Plants." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1349.
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During maintenance operations in nuclear power plants, it is sometimes necessary to isolate temporarily sections of pipes. When no other mechanical device is available (floodgates, valves), the freeze sealing technique can be used. With a heat-exchanger surrounding a portion of the pipe and filled with liquid Nitrogen (−196°C), the water contained in the pipe is frozen, resulting in an ice-plug. During these operations, stresses of thermal origin are generated in the pipes, due to the thermal amplitude between the initial temperature of the pipes (40°C), and the coolant (−196°C). This is why it is necessary to study the resistance of the structure, in particular towards brittle fracture in case of the presence of a small defect in the material. The main purpose of this study, is to evaluate the maximum size of a defect acceptable, without leading to rupture of the structure while freezing. In order to reach this aim, a freezing test has been performed, and the measuresd temperatures on the surface of the tube have been used to conduct thermal and mechanical calculations. In places of maximum load, different defects have been postulated, and their nociviy has been calculated with RSEM simplified methods. This study takes place in the file concerning the justification of the cryogenic technique towards the French Nuclear Safety Authority. The evaluation of the maximum admissible defect is the first step of the demonstration, the second step will consist in studying the possible extensions to other configurations that can be met in a nuclear plant (materials, diameter, thickness), and to make a second ice-plug test in a Carbon-Manganese pipe where the maximum admissible defect has been machined, in order to show that it is resistant to the freezing with liquid Nitrogen.
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Giorgetti, Simone, Alessandro Parente, Francesco Contino, Laurent Bricteux, and Ward De Paepe. "Humidified Micro Gas Turbine for Carbon Capture Applications: Preliminary Experimental Results With CO2 Injection." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77265.
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The large adoption of renewable energies is crucial to achieve a low-carbon economy, however, in the transition period, a flexible and clean production from fossil fuels is still necessary. With the current shift towards decentralized power production, micro Gas Turbines (mGTs) appear as a promising technology for small-scale generation. The target of a carbon-clean power production calls for the implementation of Carbon Capture Use and Storage (CCUS) technologies. Compared to coal fired power production, the low CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas of a mGT makes Carbon Capture (CC) much more expensive. However, the CO2 concentration can be increased by performing Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), therefore reducing the CC energy penalty. Additionally, cycle humidification can also help to increase the electrical efficiency of the turbine plant. Nevertheless, the higher CO2 content in the inlet air, in combination with the high humidity level, will affect the operation of the mGT. This paper presents a numerical study of this innovative cycle combined with preliminary experimental validation of CO2 injection. To the authors’ best knowledge, experimental analysis of EGR together with humidification applied to a mGT has never been carried out. Experimental results showed a stable turbo-machinery operation under a moderate CO2 injection. The results of this paper are a first step towards a more severe dilution conditions, with the aim of a full implementation of EGR on a micro Humid Air Turbine (mHAT).
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Shen, Ninggang, Hongtao Ding, and Wei Li. "Predictive Modeling of Surface Microstructure of Hardened Steel Subject to Drilling." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64499.
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Hole surface microstructures are very critical to the mechanical performance and fatigue life of metallic products from drilling processes. When steel material is drilled at a fully hardened condition, hole surface microstructures are often subject to transition because of the intense thermo-mechanical loading in the drilling process. A white layer can be formed on the surface of a drilled hole of carbon steels with high matrix hardness. The formation of the white layer mainly results from two reasons: thermally driven phase transformation and mechanical grain refinement due to severe plastic deformation on the machined surface. In this study, a multi-step numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the potential mechanism of surface microstructure alterations in the drilling process of hardened steels. First, three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) simulations are performed using a relative coarse mesh with AdvantEdge for hard drilling of AISI 1060 steel to achieve the steady-state solution for thermal and deformation fields. Defining the initial condition of the cutting zone using the previous 3D simulation results, a multi-physics model is then implemented in two-dimensional (2D) coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) finite element analysis in ABAQUS to model both phase transformation and grain refinement at a fine mesh to comprehend the surface microstructure alteration. The interaction among surface microstructures, drilling parameters and the hardness of the workpiece material are studied simultaneously. With the comparison to related experimental results, the capabilities of the multi-physics model to accurately predict critical surface microstructural attributes such as phase compositions, grain size, and microhardness during the drilling of carbon steel are demonstrated.
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Lee, R. A., and T. R. Lundquist. "Low Resistivity FIB Depositions Within High Aspect Ratio Holes." In ISTFA 1996. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1996p0085.
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Abstract The latest IC modification requirement is to decrease the resistivity of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) deposits, especially deposits within a FIB machined hole. The resistivity of platinum conductor deposited by FIB within a hole is much greater (5000-50000 (μΩ-cm) than that deposited on a surface (~200 |μΩ-cm) (1). Auger analysis of surface deposited platinum conductor gives the composition ratios as ~ 50% platinum, ~34% carbon, ~15% gallium and ~1 % Oxygen. The escape solid angle of the organic carrier is much less from a hole than from a surface; therefore, we find more of the non-conductive organic material is trapped inside the hole which increases the fill resistivity. With its planarization and multiple metal levels, advanced IC process technology forces contact to lower level metal to be through high aspect ratio holes. To make a low resistance contact through such a hole, deposited material must have a high ratio of platinum to carbon and Oxygen. An improved technique is needed to remove the organic carrier molecules and deposit material containing this higher platinum percentage. The way to achieve such deposition is to adjust gas arrival rate and beam current to produce a deposition rate that allows sufficient time for the organic carrier molecules to escape. Using this method, we can to obtain fill resistivity of about 1000-2500 (μΩ-cm within high aspect ratio holes. This paper discusses in detail the technique to achieve such low resistivity in high aspect ratio holes. On the surface where space is not so limited, a greater deposition rate yields shorter times to resistance as well as better step coverage, but within a hole a lower resistivity material is needed to result in good conductance to lower level metal.
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Klocke, F., B. Doebbeler, M. Seimann, and M. Binder. "Towards High Productive Roughing of Profiled Grooves in Nickel Based Alloys." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56475.
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Facing a high demand for aircraft engines over the next decades in combination with new challenging materials, aircraft engine manufacturers are striving for new manufacturing processes. The manufacturing of profiled grooves for the mounting of the turbine blades on the disc is a bottle neck process today due to the exclusive use of High Speed Steel (HSS) tools in broaching. Because of the limited hot hardness of HSS, the applied cutting speeds are low compared to other conventional machining processes, i.e. 2–5 m/min. Furthermore, the broaching process has some more drawbacks regarding flexibility, capital commitment for machinery and tools as well as costs. Nevertheless, broaching offers outstanding properties regarding surface finish, manufacturing accuracy and is still a productive process due to the many cutting edges applied. There are some alternative process chains which are not yet in industrial use, which are able to substitute and/or complement the HSS-broaching process. In this paper, results are presented on two different roughing strategies for the manufacturing of profiled grooves in Nickel Based Alloys Allvac718plus and Inconel718. On the one hand, rough broaching with cemented carbide tools using indexable inserts was investigated at different cutting speeds, which are up to five times higher than the applied cutting speeds in industrial applications with HSS-tools. Two different carbide grades were investigated varying the cobalt content and the grain size. Cemented carbide is not state of the art in broaching Nickel Based Alloys due to its low fracture toughness. Different cutting edge inclination angles were applied and their effect on cutting forces, wear and tool chipping tendency were analyzed. On the other hand, rough side milling with ceramic cutting tools was investigated. Ceramic cutting tools excel in high hot hardness and thus can be used at very high cutting speeds i.e. up to 1000 m/min in Nickel Based Alloys. However, being very brittle and sensitive to alternating loads and thermal shock, machining processes with ceramic tools require extensive process design. In side milling experiments, Whisker reinforced as well as SiAlON and Oxide ceramic were investigated. In a first step, a window for machining parameters was identified. Then, tool life tests were conducted varying the feed at a fixed cutting speed of 1000 m/min. Subsequent to the experiments, the rim zone of the roughed grooves was investigated depending on the wear state of the used tools. The condition of the rim zone is a major criterion for the assessment of the adequacy of the roughing processes, because it can affect the subsequent finishing process. In further work, the interdependencies between the investigated roughing processes and finishing will be addressed.
Reports on the topic "Sten machine carbine"
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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.