Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stent coating

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Academic literature on the topic 'Stent coating'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Stent coating"

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Antonowicz, Magdalena, Janusz Szewczenko, Joanna Jaworska, Katarzyna Jelonek, Kamil Joszko, Bożena Gzik-Zroska, Paweł M. Nuckowski, et al. "Functional Properties of Polyurethane Ureteral Stents with PLGA and Papaverine Hydrochloride Coating." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 7705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147705.

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Despite the obvious benefits of using ureteral stents to drain the ureters, there is also a risk of complications from 80–90%. The presence of a foreign body in the human body causes disturbances in its proper functioning. It can lead to biofilm formation on the stent surface, which may favor the development of urinary tract infections or the formation of encrustation, as well as stent fragmentation, complicating its subsequent removal. In this work, the effect of the polymeric coating containing the active substance-papaverine hydrochloride on the functional properties of ureteral stents significant for clinical practice were assessed. Methods: The most commonly clinically used polyurethane ureteral Double-J stent was selected for the study. Using the dip-coating method, the surface of the stent was coated with a poly(D,L-lactide-glycolide) (PLGA) coating containing the papaverine hydrochloride (PAP). In particular, strength properties, retention strength of the stent ends, dynamic frictional force, and the fluoroscopic visibility of the stent during X-ray imaging were determined. Results: The analysis of the test results indicates the usefulness of a biodegradable polymer coating containing the active substance for the modification of the surface of polyurethane ureteral stents. The stents coated with PLGA+PAP coating compared to polyurethane stents are characterized by more favorable strength properties, the smaller value of the dynamic frictional force, without reducing the fluoroscopic visibility.
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Rebelo, Rita, Jorge Padrão, Margarida M. Fernandes, Sandra Carvalho, Mariana Henriques, Andrea Zille, and Raul Fangueiro. "Aging Effect on Functionalized Silver-Based Nanocoating Braided Coronary Stents." Coatings 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121234.

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A previously developed fiber-based polyester (PES) stent, with mechanical properties comparable to commercial nitinol stents, was coated with metallic silver (Ag0) and silver oxides (AgxO) thin films through direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. Ag0 and AgxO coatings provide antimicrobial properties to the stents to minimize the occurrence of coronary stent infections. Nevertheless, the stent interacts with the atmosphere and then with the biological fluids and may lead to the generation of silver species with diminished antimicrobial efficiency and/or prone to induce cytotoxicity. Therefore, stent coating nanostructures aged 3 months were thoroughly analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties were assessed. Aging led to the presence of silver carbonate and bicarbonate as well as chemisorbed oxygen species in Ag0 and AgxO coatings. Bactericidal efficacy was tested against an important nosocomial bacterium, particularly associated to indwelling devices: Staphylococcus epidermidis. Aged Ag0 and AgxO coating presented a Log reduction of 1 and 2 at their surface; respectively. However, aged stents were able to induce a Log reduction of 2 (Ag0) and 4 (AgxO) on the surrounding medium. Only aged AgxO stent was able to provide a mild reduction of the bacterium at its surface and a clear antimicrobial effect (Log reduction >3) within its vicinity. More importantly, both aged Ag0 and AgxO stents were shown to be compatible with fibroblasts cells indicating that they can be safely used as indwelling devices, despite the aging effect.
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Xu, Xiangshan, Lijie Wang, Guofeng Wang, and Yuanzhe Jin. "The effect of REDV/TiO2 coating coronary stents on in-stent restenosis and re-endothelialization." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 31, no. 6 (November 10, 2016): 911–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328216675829.

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The coronary artery stent has been widely used in clinic. In-stent restenosis was mainly caused by the excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cell and the inflammation due to the metal ion released from stent scaffold of the drug-eluting stent. Thus, to reduce the in-stent restenosis and promote the vascular endothelialization have become a hot research point in this area. In this paper, a nano-TiO2 ceramic coating was deposited on 316L stainless steel to reduce the metal ion release and to inhibit the inflammation reaction. An endothelia cell selective adhesion peptide Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) coating was prepared on the ceramic coating by a polydopamine technology to promote the endothelialization. The corrosion test indicated that nano-TiO2 ceramic film could effectively decrease the nickel ion released from 316L stainless steel. REDV/TiO2 coating could promote the endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation, meanwhile REDV/TiO2 coating could also increase the nitric oxide concentration. Bare metal stent, TiO2-coated stent and REDV/TiO2-coated stent were implanted in the iliac arteries of rabbit model. In-stent restenosis and re-endothelialization were evaluated at 28 days post-implantation of the stents. The results showed that REDV/TiO2-coated stents could effectively reduce in-stent restenosis and promote re-endothelialization in comparison with TiO2-coated drug-eluting stent and bare metal stent. These results suggest that REDV/TiO2-coated drug-eluting stent maybe a good choice of the application for coronary artery disease.
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Curcio, Antonio, Daniele Torella, Giovanni Cuda, Carmela Coppola, Maria Concetta Faniello, Francesco Achille, Viviana G. Russo, Massimo Chiariello, and Ciro Indolfi. "Effect of stent coating alone on in vitro vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286, no. 3 (March 2004): H902—H908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00130.2003.

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Synthetic polymers, like methacrylate (MA) compounds, have been clinically introduced as inert coatings to locally deliver drugs that inhibit restenosis after stent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of MA coating alone on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth in vitro. Stainless steel stents were coated with MA at the following doses: 0.3, 1.5, and 3 ml. Uncoated/bare metal stents were used as controls. VSMCs were cultured in dishes, and a MA-coated stent or an uncoated bare metal stent was gently added to each well. VSMC proliferation was assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Apoptosis was analyzed by three distinct approaches: 1) annexin V/propidium iodide fluorescence detection; 2) DNA laddering; and 3) caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. MA-coated stents induced a significant decrease of BrdU incorporation compared with uncoated stents at both the low and high concentrations. In VSMCs incubated with MA-coated stents, annexin V/propidium iodide fluorescence detection showed a significant increase in apoptotic cells, which was corroborated by the typical DNA laddering. Apoptosis of VSMCs after incubation with MA-coated stents was characterized by caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. The MA-coated stent induced VSMC growth arrest by inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Thus MA is not an inert platform for eluting drugs because it is biologically active per se. This effect should be taken in account when evaluating an association of this coating with antiproliferative agents for in-stent restenosis prevention.
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Robák, Beáta, Péter Szabadíts, Eszter Bognár, Zsolt Puskás, and Andrea Toldy. "Analysis of the Polymer Coatings of Coronary Stents from the Aspect of Drug Absorbing and Eluting." Materials Science Forum 659 (September 2010): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.659.245.

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The rate of restenosis can be decreased by the usage of drug eluting stents compared to bare metal stents. The aim of this work was the optimization of micro sprayed polymer coatings for medical applications and the examination of drug absorbing and releasing properties of these coatings. Control groups were bare metal stent models (316 LVM type austenitic stainless steel tube slices). Different types of medical grade polyurethane granules were applied onto the stent surface. Various methods were used for the examination of the surface and coating quality, such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
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Bognár, Eszter, György Ring, Hilda Zsanett Marton, János Dobránszky, and János Ginsztler. "Polyurethane Coating on Coronary Stents." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1269.

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Stents are special metallic or polymer endoprostheses of meshed structure and tube shape. Their function is to prevent restenosis in the arteries. Stents can be coated or uncoated. In the expanded part of the artery the chance of restenosis is bigger even without a stent so it is practical to coat the stents. The aim of this work is to present the results of the coating experiments made on the coronary stents. Three types of commercially available polyurethanes were used for these experiments. The coatings were produced by a dipping method. Electro-polished and non-electro-polished metallic sheets and stents were used for these experiments. Contact angle measurements were done to examine the wetting properties of the three different polyurethane coatings. The quality and the changing of the coatings were examined by different methods (stereomicroscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometry).
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Gallino, Enrico, Michael Tatoulian, Farzaneh Arefi-Khonsari, and D. Mantovani. "Plasma Surface Modification of 316L Stainless Steel for Cardiovascular Stent Coating." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.196.

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Coronary stents are metallic (316L stainless steel) devices employed during balloon angioplasty to reopen and prevent the re-obstruction of a diseased narrowed area within a coronary artery. To reduce restenosis rate, bare metal stent coating is a promising solution. The coating can act as an anticorrosive barrier against the aggressive properties of biological environment, improving the long-term safety of the device. The goal of this study is to develop a dry process to isolate metallic surface from the biological environment by depositing a thin plasma polymerized allylamine (CH2=CH-CH2-NH2) film on the metallic surface. Plasma polymerized allylamine films were deposited on flat electropolished 316L stainless steel samples in a low pressure plasma reactor (70 kHz). Chemical composition of the coatings has been analysed as a function of the discharge power and treatment time. Moreover, special attention has been paid on the stability of the coating after immersion during 24 hours in D.I. water. Finally, to mimic stent expansion conditions, a “small punch test” has been used to investigate the adhesive properties of the coating. Our results demonstrate that is possible to deposit a stable, cohesive and adhesive plasma polymerized allylamine thin film which can be used as a coating for cardiovascular stents
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Diaz-Rodriguez, Sergio, Charlotte Rasser, Jules Mesnier, Pascale Chevallier, Romain Gallet, Christine Choqueux, Guillaume Even, et al. "Coronary stent CD31-mimetic coating favours endothelialization and reduces local inflammation and neointimal development in vivo." European Heart Journal 42, no. 18 (February 13, 2021): 1760–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab027.

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Abstract Aims The rapid endothelialization of bare metal stents (BMS) is counterbalanced by inflammation-induced neointimal growth. Drug-eluting stents (DES) prevent leukocyte activation but impair endothelialization, delaying effective device integration into arterial walls. Previously, we have shown that engaging the vascular CD31 co-receptor is crucial for endothelial and leukocyte homeostasis and arterial healing. Furthermore, we have shown that a soluble synthetic peptide (known as P8RI) acts like a CD31 agonist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CD31-mimetic metal stent coating on the in vitro adherence of endothelial cells (ECs) and blood elements and the in vivo strut coverage and neointimal growth. Methods and results We produced Cobalt Chromium discs and stents coated with a CD31-mimetic peptide through two procedures, plasma amination or dip-coating, both yielding comparable results. We found that CD31-mimetic discs significantly reduced the extent of primary human coronary artery EC and blood platelet/leukocyte activation in vitro. In vivo, CD31-mimetic stent properties were compared with those of DES and BMS by coronarography and microscopy at 7 and 28 days post-implantation in pig coronary arteries (n = 9 stents/group/timepoint). Seven days post-implantation, only CD31-mimetic struts were fully endothelialized with no activated platelets/leukocytes. At day 28, neointima development over CD31-mimetic stents was significantly reduced compared to BMS, appearing as a normal arterial media with the absence of thrombosis contrary to DES. Conclusion CD31-mimetic coating favours vascular homeostasis and arterial wall healing, preventing in-stent stenosis and thrombosis. Hence, such coatings seem to improve the metal stent biocompatibility.
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Hernandez Marulanda, Andres Felipe, Jairo Alonso Perez Arrieta, Lina Marcela Hoyos Palacios, and Raul Adolfo Valencia. "Fluid-structure study of a polymeric coating reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT) for potential application in stents." DYNA 86, no. 211 (October 1, 2019): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n211.80730.

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The therapeutic approach of the atherosclerotic plaque has been visualized from multiple perspectives, which include from the handling of drugs until the implantation of medical devices like stents. A current alternative to restenosis appearance, is the use of stents with drugreleasing coatings. The present work seeks to analyze the structural and hemodynamic behavior and to understand the effects between the interaction of a stent coating manufactured in PVOH with and without the presence of carbon nanotubes with concentrations of CNT varying from 0.1 to 0.3% (Wt), through a computational study. The computational study is based on a Fluid-Structure (FSI) model in one way and with a scheme partitioned using the finite element method. In conclusion, predicting the mechanical behavior and local flow patterns of these devices may provide criteria elements that allow the improvement of the design of a stent coating
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Beshchasna, Natalia, Muhammad Saqib, Honorata Kraskiewicz, Łukasz Wasyluk, Oleg Kuzmin, Oana Cristina Duta, Denisa Ficai, et al. "Recent Advances in Manufacturing Innovative Stents." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040349.

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Cardiovascular diseases are the most distributed cause of death worldwide. Stenting of arteries as a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedure became a promising minimally invasive therapy based on re-opening narrowed arteries by stent insertion. In order to improve and optimize this method, many research groups are focusing on designing new or improving existent stents. Since the beginning of the stent development in 1986, starting with bare-metal stents (BMS), these devices have been continuously enhanced by applying new materials, developing stent coatings based on inorganic and organic compounds including drugs, nanoparticles or biological components such as genes and cells, as well as adapting stent designs with different fabrication technologies. Drug eluting stents (DES) have been developed to overcome the main shortcomings of BMS or coated stents. Coatings are mainly applied to control biocompatibility, degradation rate, protein adsorption, and allow adequate endothelialization in order to ensure better clinical outcome of BMS, reducing restenosis and thrombosis. As coating materials (i) organic polymers: polyurethanes, poly(ε-caprolactone), styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene, polyhydroxybutyrates, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), and phosphoryl choline; (ii) biological components: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-CD34 antibody and (iii) inorganic coatings: noble metals, wide class of oxides, nitrides, silicide and carbide, hydroxyapatite, diamond-like carbon, and others are used. DES were developed to reduce the tissue hyperplasia and in-stent restenosis utilizing antiproliferative substances like paclitaxel, limus (siro-, zotaro-, evero-, bio-, amphi-, tacro-limus), ABT-578, tyrphostin AGL-2043, genes, etc. The innovative solutions aim at overcoming the main limitations of the stent technology, such as in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis, while maintaining the prime requirements on biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical behavior. This paper provides an overview of the existing stent types, their functionality, materials, and manufacturing conditions demonstrating the still huge potential for the development of promising stent solutions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stent coating"

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Nickson, Catherine Marie. "Development of polymer coating to inhibit in-stent restenosis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540029.

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Bakhshi, R. "Coating stent materials with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-poly(carbonateurea)urethane nanocomposites." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18987/.

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The long-term efficacy of coronary or peripheral stenting is limited by in-stent restenosis (ISR), which occurs in 15 to 30% of patients and is attributed primarily to neointimal hyperplasia. By adding a drug-eluting coating, this rate has been reduced to about 5% or less. However, recently longer-term follow-up data has highlighted problems with drug-coated stents, including late stage thrombosis. A bio-stable poly(carbonate-urea)urethane has been used for stent coating and the surface properties of the polymer have been optimised by incorporating the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane molecule. These POSS polymers improve the adhesion and the growth of endothelial cells. The work described in this thesis, presents an innovative approach in self-expanding/balloon expandable coronary stent design that incorporates a NiTi/stainless steel alloy scaffold with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane- poly (carbonate-urea) urethane nanocomposite polymer (POSS-PCU) coating. Electrohydrodynamic spraying and ultrasonic atomization spraying of the non-biodegradable nanocomposite polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) polymer have been investigated in detail for coating metallic stent materials and compared with dip coating. Because of the tight geometry of coronary stents, these new coating techniques have been shown to offer advantages over traditional coating techniques. These advantages include, reduced polymer consumption, precise coating thickness as low as 10 μm and a highly controllable spray which leads to consistent reproducible results. However, poor adhesion, or bond deterioration over the lifespan/ deployment of the device could reduces the efficiency and could impart even more complexity to the implant including formation of debris which can induce thrombus formation. Changing the surface physical property/chemical composition through the proposed protocol has been shown to increase the bonding strength by up to three times. This study has identified a new process and conditions which can be used in stent coating research.
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Sua, Andy. "Using Metal-Organic Framework Film as a Drug-Eluting Stent Coating." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10975741.

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Metal-organic frameworks have a wide range of applications including gas separation, gas capture, catalysis and drug delivery. Due to the in-stent thrombosis of the current drug-eluting stents we propose replacing the toxic polymer with a more biodegradable MOF thin film consisting of MIL-88b. The MIL-88b thin film was formed on functionalized gold through a direct crystallization method and was confirmed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Possible ibuprofen encapsulation and elution was confirmed through FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The MIL-88b thin film was also formed on medical grade stainless steel to mimic conditions of the current DES. The surface area, using N2 gas isotherm at 770K, of MIL-88b and MIL-53 was compared to validate the favorable porosity for drug delivery application.

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Delattre, Cécilia. "Mise au point et évaluation de nouveaux revêtements de stents pour application cardio-vasculaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD061/document.

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L’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer la biocompatibilité d’un copolymère de Dextrane- Polybutylmethacrylate utilisé comme revêtement de stent métallique en Cobalt-Chrome. L’étude s’est déroulée en trois phase : 1/La production du polymère et la caractérisation physico-chimique, 2/L’évaluation in vitro et 3/L’évaluation in vivo dans plusieurs modèles. Dans un premier temps deux copolymères de concentrations distinctes ont été synthétisés et mis en forme pour les différentes expériences. Leur caractérisation par FTIR, mesure d’angle de contact et une première implantation in vivo évaluant la réaction à corps étranger a permis d’ensélectionner un : le Dex-PBMA. Aucune réaction inflammatoire chronique n’a été observée. Desépreuves dynamiques et une observation des stents recouverts au MEB ont permis de confirmer la présence et la tenue du film de Dex-PBMA sur les stents. Des tests in vitro ont montré une faible d’adhésion bactérienne et plaquettaire ainsi qu’une thrombogénicité modérée. Un dispositif sous flux ex vivo et l’utilisation d’une molécule modèle - le Tacrolimus – ont montré la faisabilité d’utiliser le Dex-PBMA comme plateforme de libération de substances. In vitro, l’adhésion et la prolifération des progéniteurs endothéliaux ainsi que des cellules souches mésenchymateuses étaient faibles mais aucun effet toxique n’a été noté. Finalement les stents recouverts de Dex-PBMA ont été implantés in vivo dans un modèle d’aorte saine de rat puis dans un modèle de resténose chez le lapin. Chez le rat, après 30 jours, une hyperplasie limitée, l’absence de macrophage et une réendothélialisation des mailles ont été observées. Les premières implantations chez le lapin ont confirmé ces tendances mais l’étude doit être élargie afin d’en tirer une conclusion plus fiable. En conclusion, ces données démontrent que le Dex-PBMA est un matériau intéressant pour le revêtement de stent
The purpose of this work was to study the biocompatibility of a dextran-graft-polybutylmethacrylate copolymer coated on cobalt chromium metallic stent. This study was divided in 3 parts: 1/the production of the copolymer and its physico-chemical characterization; 2/ its in vitro evaluation and 3/ its in vivo evaluation in several models. In the first step, 2 copolymers with different concentrations were synthetized and shaped for the following experiments. Their FTIR examination, contact angle measurement and a first in vivo implantation to evaluate foreign body reaction lead to the selection of one copolymer: the Dex-PBMA. No chronicle inflammatory reaction was noticed. Dynamic tests and SEM observations of coated stents confirmed the presence and the resistance of the Dex-PBMA coating. In vitro tests showed both low bacterial and platelet adhesions and a moderate thrombogenicity. An ex vivo test under flow with a model molecule – the Tacrolimus – showed the ability of Dex-PBMA to deliver drug. In vitro, the human endothelial progenitors and mesenchymal stem cells adhesion and proliferation were low but didn’t reveal any toxic effect. Finally Dex-PBMA coated stent were implanted in vivo in a healthy rat aorta model of stenting then in a rabbit model of restenosis. In rat, the intimal hyperplasia was moderate and an endothelium was present 30 days after stent implantation. First rabbit implantation confirmed these trends nevertheless this study must be extended to obtain significant results. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that Dex-PBMA is an interesting material for stent coating
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Abdulrazzak, Najib al. "Comparison of restenosis rates of two coronary stent systems with different active coating." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975486314.

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Grudtner, Marco Aurelio. "Análise histológica e histomorfométrica de carótidas após o implante de stent de cromocobalto sem e com revestimento de polímero : modelo experimental porcino." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24269.

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Introdução: Apesar dos avanços significativos no tratamento endovascular das doenças arteriais coronarianas e periféricas, a reestenose intra-stent continua sendo o principal limitante a médio prazo desses procedimentos. O mecanismo da reestenose intra-stent é principalmente a hiperplasia intimal, já que o stent impede a retração elástica aguda e resiste ao remodelamento geométrico negativo tardio. A hiperplasia intimal ocorre basicamente em resposta à formação de trombo local, à inflamação e às dissecções intimais e mediais secundárias à injúria causada pelo stent, sendo o grau de resposta intimal a base dos efeitos a longo prazo. O uso de stents com hastes menores e revestidos com drogas ou polímeros tem sido considerado uma nova alternativa para a prevenção da reestenose intra-stent. Objetivo: Analisar a resposta arterial ao implante de stent de cromo-cobalto sem e com revestimento de polímero Camouflage® em artérias carótidas de suínos, utilizando os seguintes parâmetros histológicos: grau de endotelização, conteúdo de células musculares lisas, grau de angiogênese, conteúdo de fibrina, grau de inflamação e injúria; além da análise histomorfométrica. Método: Stents balões-expansíveis de cromo-cobalto ( 8 stents CC Flex e 5 stents CC Flex Proactive) de 4 x 16 mm foram implantados em artérias carótidas comuns de oito suínos jovens, sendo um stent liberado em cada artéria. Após 30 dias, as artérias contendo os stents foram removidas, fixadas e coradas pelos métodos de hematoxilina/eosina e Verhoeff/Van Giesson. O segmento arterial contendo o stent foi dividido em 3 blocos distintos: proximal, médio e distal. Os cortes histológicos foram obtidos utilizando-se micrótomo de impacto (Polycut S, Leica, Alemanha) equipado com navalha de tungstênio de 16 cm, tipo D (Leica, Alemanha), com 5 ^m de espessura. A navalha de tungstênio mantém as hastes dos stents intactas nas secções transversas, minimizando os artefatos potenciais causados pela retirada dos stents. A avaliação foi realizada através de critérios histológicos e histomorfométricos. Resultados: Todos os stents foram implantados com sucesso e sem dificuldades técnicas. A análise histológica em 30 dias evidenciou alto grau de endotelização em todos os segmentos avaliados e leve à moderada infiltração de células musculares na íntima. Observou-se baixo grau de angiogênese em cerca de 50% dos segmentos avaliados e ausência completa de deposição de fibrina em pelo menos 80%, com distribuição semelhante entre os grupos. A resposta inflamatória e o grau de injúria causadas pelas hastes dos stents também foram discretas e similares entre os grupos e não houve correlação entre resposta inflamatória e injúria e desses parâmetros com a área de neoíntima. O grau de obstrução neo-intimal identificada neste período foi pequeno (15,1% +/- 8,38 CC Flex x 15,5%+/- 5,39 CC Flex ProActive) e estatisticamente não significativo entre os grupos (p=0,785). Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo experimental sugerem que o uso de stents de cromo-cobalto revestidos com polímero Camouflage® em artérias carótidas de suínos parece estar associado, pelo menos no curto prazo, a uma resposta histológica semelhante àquela encontrada após o implante de stents de cromo-cobalto não revestidos. Neste período não se observou uma menor hiperplasia intimal em virtude do revestimento de polímero.
Introduction: Despite all the advances in the endovascular treatment of coronary and peripheral artery diseases, in-stent restenosis is still the main limiting factor of these procedures in the medium and long-term. The mechanism of in-stent restenosis is mainly the intimal hyperplasia, as the stent prevents acute elastic recoil and later negative geometric arterial remodeling. Intimal hyperplasia occurs basically in response to the formation of local thrombus, inflammation and intimal and medial dissections secondary to the injury caused by the stent, with the degree of intimal response being the cause of long-term effects. Coating drug-eluting stents with polymers and drugs with thinner struts have been considered a new alternative for in-stent restenosis prevention. Objective: Analyse the arterial response to the cobalt-chromium stent implant with and without polymer coating Camouflage® in carotid arteries of pigs, using the following histological parameters: degree of endothelialization, smooth muscle cells (SMC) content, degree of angiogenesis, intimal fibrin content, degree of inflammation and injury; plus histomorphometric analysis. Method: Cobaltchromium balloon-expandable stents (8 CC Flex stents and 5 CC Flex Proactive), 4 x 16 mm, were deployed in common carotid arteries of 8 young pigs, with one stent being deployed in each artery. After 30 days, the arteries containing the stents were removed and underwent fixation and staining using the hematoxilin/eosin and Verhoeff /Van Giesson methods. The arterial segment containing the stent was divided into 3 distinct portions: proximal, middle and distal. The histological sections were obtained using impact microtome (Polycut S, Leica, Germany), equipped with a 16 cm, type D, 5 ^m thick tungsten knife (Leica, Germany). The tungsten knife maintains the stent shaft intact in cross sections, minimizing the potential artifacts caused by stent removal. The evaluation was carried out using histological and histomorfometric criteria. Results: All the stents were deployed with success and with no technical difficulties. The histological analysis performed after 30 days showed a high level of endothelialization in all the evaluated portions and mild to moderate infiltration of the SMC in the intima layer. A low level of angiogenesis of about 50% of the evaluated portions was observed and a complete absence of fibrin deposition in at least 80% of the portions, with similar distribution among the groups. The inflammatory response and the level of injury caused by the struts of the stents were also minimum and this was similar among the groups. There was no correlation between inflammatory response and injury and between the two latter parameters and the neo-intima area. The level of neo-intimal obstruction identified in this period was small (15,1% +/- 8,38 CC Flex x 15,5%+/- 5,39 CC Flex ProActive ) and no statistical significance between the groups (p=0,785). Conclusion: The findings of this experimental study suggest the use of balloonexpandable cobalt-chromium stents coated with polymer Camouflage® in carotid arteries of pigs seems to be associated, at least in the short-term, with a similar histological response to that found in the implantation of non-coated cobalt-chromium stents. In this period, a lower intimal hyperplasia was not observed with polymer coating stents.
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König, Olivia Maria [Verfasser]. "Development of a bioactive coating for the specific gene silencing of pathogenetic processes after intravascular stent implantation / Olivia Maria König." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217249281/34.

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Schumacher, Anna Louise. "Development and evaluation of a nanometer-scale hemocompatible and antithrombotic coating technology for commercially available intracranial stents and flow diverters." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6851.

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An intracranial aneurysm is a local dilation of an artery in the cerebral circulation. While the etiology of intracranial aneurysms is unknown, they likely result from a combination of factors including the weakening and degeneration of the collagen fibers and the internal elastic lamina comprising the arterial wall, as well as hemodynamic-associated stress resulting from blood pulsation inside the aneurysm sac. Intracranial aneurysm rupture leads to a devastating sequela, as 50% of patients die. In the U.S. alone there are approximately 30,000 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage annually, a prevalence which has pushed practitioners to aggressively treat the aneurysm disease. Traditionally, intracranial aneurysms were managed with open craniotomy and microsurgical clipping; however, these treatment modalities carry relatively high morbidity and mortality depending upon the aneurysm location and surgical experience. In 2002 the International Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Aneurysm Trial established the superiority of the endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysms compared to microsurgical clipping. This trial led to a paradigm shift in treating intracranial aneurysms with marked use of intracranial stenting, including devices used to assist endovascular coiling and stand-alone flow diverting devices. However, the placement of intracranial devices in the cerebral circulation mandates the adjunctive application of dual anti-platelet pharmaceuticals to minimize thromboembolic events, despite being associated with increased patient risk. This dissertation proposes a novel multilayer, nanometer-scale coating technology suitable for commercially available intracranial stents and flow diverting devices to minimize the use of dual anti-platelet therapy in the elective setting and expand the use of intracranial devices in the acute setting of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. A combination of qualitative and quantitative chemical characterization techniques was used to assess the composition, uniformity, and thickness of each coating layer on commercially available flow diverting devices; overall the coating was found to be relatively uniform and conformal to the device wires. Furthermore, in-vitro and in-vivo testing on commercially available intracranial devices suggest some hemocompatible and antithrombotic properties. Finally, the proposed coating technology can be modified for use as a platform for the attachment of FDA-approved molecules. With further optimization and testing this technology has the potential to minimize the adjunctive use of dual-antiplatelet therapy in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
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Guo, Qiongyu. "POSS-Based Biodegradable Polymers for Stent Applications: Electroprocessing, Characterization and Controlled Drug Release." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1259706279.

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Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010
Title from PDF (viewed on 2009-12-22) Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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RODRIGUES, Harley Fernandes. "Vetorização termoinduzida de nanopartículas magnéticas biocompatíveis: uma aplicação no recobrimento de Stents nus por via líquida." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/813.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Harley Fernandes Rodrigues.pdf: 5566711 bytes, checksum: 484423a034c8d6a3a3f34650b5036af1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-23
In this work we developed a Dip Coating method that could control the temperature gradient between a substrate and the material that one wants to adsorb at its surface. In particular, the adsorption of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles at the surface of bare metal Stents, under different experimental conditions, was investigated. The magnetic nanoparticles consisted of magnetite coated with tripoliphosphate (mean diameter 7.68 nm and standard deviation 1.88 nm) dispersed in water at physiological conditions, while the Stent was a CoCr based-one (Cronus stent from Scitech with 16 mm length). Nine series of experiments were performed where it was controlled parameters as: time of adsorption, stent temperature and magnetic fluid temperature. The stents coated with nanoparticles were magnetically characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which allowed us to determine the number of nanoparticles at the stent surface. The increase of the magnetic moment of the stent with the increase of the adsorption time was theoretically modeled, with an excellent experimental agreement, as a transient diffusion process of nanoparticles at the interface stent-magnetic fluid, which clearly indicates an important diffusive contribution. Strong evidences of thermal diffusion (Soret effect), i.e. nanoparticle diffusion due to temperature gradient between the stent and the magnetic fluid, were shown, suggesting the possibility of nanostructures vectorization through thermal induced mechanisms. The spatial distribution of nanoparticles at the surface of the stent was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Spectroscopy by Dispersive Energy (EDS). Measurements of the compositional mapping and images of SEM revealed that the nanoparticles are not homogeneously distributed, being concentrated at the edges of the stents for the experimental conditions investigated in this work. As the VSM data, the EDS of the stents revealed an increase of the quantity of adsorbed magnetic nanoparticles at the surface with the increase of the adsorption time. The same theoretical model, know considering the amount of 26Fe in the chemical composition of the coated stent, was able to explain the experimental data. Finally, a comparison was made, using the compositional mapping study of the coated stents, between the Dip Coating and the Spray technique. The later showed a more homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles at the surface of the stent, suggesting that this technique is more adequate on the development of a biomedical nanoproduct for clinical tests.
Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma técnica de Dip Coating (deposição por via líquida) que permite controlar o gradiente de temperatura entre o substrato e o material que se quer depositar em sua superfície. Em particular, foi investigado o efeito de adsorção de nanopartículas magnéticas biocompatíveis na superfície de Stents nus em diversas condições experimentais. As nanopartículas magnéticas consistiam de magnetita recobertas com tripolifosfato (diâmetro médio ) dispersas em água em pH fisiológico, enquanto as endopróteses eram Stents de CoCr (Stent Cronus da empresa Scitech com 16mm). Ao todo foram realizadas 9 séries de experimentos onde controlou-se parâmetros como: tempo de adsorção, temperatura do Stent e temperatura do fluido magnético. Os Stents recobertos com nanopartículas foram então caracterizados magneticamente pela técnica de magnetometria de amostra vibrante (VSM Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ), que permitiu determinar o número de nanopartículas magnéticas adsorvidas na superfície da endoprótese. O aumento do momento magnético do Stent com o aumento do tempo de adsorção foi modelado teoricamente, com grande concordância experimental, como um processo de difusão transiente de nanopartículas na interface Stent-fluido magnético, evidenciando a forte contribuição difusiva. Fortes evidências de efeitos termodifusivos (efeito de Soret), ou seja mecanismos de difusão mássica de nanopartículas devido ao gradiente de temperatura entre Stent e FM, foram apresentados, sugerindo a possibilidade de vetorização de nanoestruturas por meio de fenômenos termoinduzidos. A distribuição das nanopartículas na superfície dos Stents foi investigada por medidas de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de raios-X por energia dispersiva (EDS). As medidas de mapeamento composicional e imagens de MEV revelaram que as nanopartículas estão distribuídas de maneira não homogênea, estando concentradas nas bordas dos Stents para as condições experimentais utilizadas neste trabalho. Assim como os dados de MAV, o EDS dos Stents recobertos revelou um aumento da quantidade de nanopartículas magnéticas adsorvidas em sua superfície com o aumento do tempo de adsorção. O mesmo modelo teórico, agora considerando o percentual de 26Fe na composição química do revestimento, foi capaz de explicar os dados experimentais. Finalmente, foi feita uma comparação, por meio do mapeamento composicional de Stents recobertos, entre as técnicas de Dip Coating e Spray. Esta última apresentou uma distribuição de nanopartículas mais homogênea na superfície da endoprótese, sugerindo que possa ser mais adequada para a confecção de um nanoproduto médico voltado a testes clínicos.
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Books on the topic "Stent coating"

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Davenport, Kathryn. Drug delivery coatings for nitinol stents to prevent intimal hyperplasia. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stent coating"

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Liu, Tao, and Junying Chen. "Nanotechnology in Coronary Artery Stent Coating." In Biomedical Nanomaterials, 437–63. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527694396.ch16.

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Wang, G. X., Z. G. Li, C. J. Tang, D. Y. Du, Y. Shen, J. C. M. Lee, and Q. S. Yu. "VEGF-Transfected Human Endothelial Cell Coating on Stents Promotes Re-endothelization and Inhibits In-stent Restenosis." In IFMBE Proceedings, 1196–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14515-5_303.

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Brockmann, M. A., C. Beythien, M. M. Magens, J. Bau, K. Geidel, M. Weilandt, P. Kühnl, and K. Gutensohn. "Heparin Coating of Coronary Stents Increases Time Until Stent Occlusion Due to Delayed Platelet Activation in an In Vitro Circulating Model." In 30th Hemophilia Symposium Hamburg 1999, 388–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18240-2_63.

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Bognár, Eszter, György Ring, Hilda Zsanett Marton, János Dobránszky, and János Ginsztler. "Polyurethane Coating on Coronary Stents." In The Mechanical Behavior of Materials X, 1269–72. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-440-5.1269.

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Lembke, U., Regina Lange, Ulrich Beck, and Hans Georg Neumann. "Nanostructured Calcium Phosphate Coating for Stents." In Bioceramics 20, 721–24. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-457-x.721.

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Bognár, Eszter, György Ring, Katalin Albrecht, János Dobránszky, and János Ginsztler. "Haemocompatible Coatings of Coronary Stents." In Advances in Science and Technology, 85–90. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-05-2.85.

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Alquier, Lori, and Shrirang V. Ranade. "Analytical Requirements for Drug Eluting Stents." In Medical Coatings and Deposition Technologies, 707–21. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119308713.ch21.

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Ranade, Shrirang V., and Kishore Udipi. "Drug Delivery Coatings for Coronary Stents." In Medical Coatings and Deposition Technologies, 75–114. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119308713.ch3.

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Douroumis, Dennis, and Ichioma Onyesom. "Novel Coating Technologies of Drug Eluting Stents." In Active Implants and Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration, 87–125. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8415_2010_54.

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Gocke, Christian, N. Grabow, C. Schultze, K. Sternberg, W. Schmidt, and K. P. Schmitz. "Coating homogeneity in the manufacture of Drug-Eluting Stents." In IFMBE Proceedings, 2240–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_536.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stent coating"

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Hopkins, Caroline G., Peter E. McHugh, and J. Patrick McGarry. "Computer Modeling of Cardiovascular Stent Coating Damage." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192880.

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In this paper computational simulations of stent coating debonding are presented. Finite element methods are implemented to model coating delamination during stent crimping, deployment and recoil. Gold, titanium and polymer coatings of differing thicknesses are explicitly modeled. The interfacial relationship between the stent surface and the coating during crimping and deployment is simulated using a cohesive zone model.
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Debusschere, Nic, Matthieu De Beule, Patrick Segers, Benedict Verhegghe, and Peter Dubruel. "Modeling of Coated Biodegradable Stents." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80425.

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A bioresorbable stent supports the stenosed blood vessel during the healing period after coronary angioplasty and then gradually disappears. Unlike permanent stents, the biodegradable stent forms no obstacle for future interventions. Moreover, the degradable stent material presents an ideal vehicle for local drug delivery. Long term side effects inherent to drug eluting stents such as in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis might be avoided [1]. To date, several bioresorbable stents are being developed or are currently being tested in clinical trials. Two classes of biomaterials are being used in biodegradable stent technology: biodegradable polymers and bioerodible metal alloys. Polymers can be tailored to have a well-defined degradational behaviour but have relatively poor mechanical properties. Biocorrodible metals such as magnesium alloys have good mechanical characteristics but display a more complex an less predictive degradational behaviour. A biocorrodible metallic stent coated with a biodegradable polymer might be able to combine the benefits of both metallic and polymeric biodegradable stents. Finite element modelling can play an important role in the study of nevel stent designs. To correctly simulate the behaviour of degradable stents a material model must be developed that incorporates the effect of degradation on all material characteristics. In case of a coated biocorrodible magnesium stent this includes corrosion modelling, the effect of the coating and the influence of mechanical loading on the corrosion rate.
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Goodfriend, Amy C., Tré R. Welch, Jian Wang, Kytai T. Nguyen, Romaine F. Johnson, Chet C. Xu, Surendranath R. Veeram Reddy, Alan Nugent, James Richardson, and Joseph M. Forbess. "Design of a MRI-Visible and Radiopaque Drug Delivery Coating for Bioresorbable Stents." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52146.

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Cardiovascular stents are currently being used for intraluminal stenting of the trachea for tracheomalacia treatment. These devices composed of permanent materials are controversial due to their limitations at internal reinforcement and biocompatibility, especially in pediatrics. We show in a pediatric tracheomalacia rabbit model, a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) Double Opposed Helical bioresorbable stent (DH) elicits a more mild inflammatory response in the malacic airway compared to a control metal stent. To further improve efficacy, a multi-drug delivery, bioresorbable coating was designed. The coating design controllably delivers ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) for one week and dexamethasone (anti-inflammatory agent) for three months. The bioresorbable polymeric components also demonstrate feasible visibility utilizing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The local multi-drug delivery and imaging capabilities in this coating design in combination with the bioresorbable DH stent will result in a successful intervention specifically design for pediatric tracheomalacia. This design will eliminate long-term risks associated with current permanent devices and provide necessary theranostic agents to facilitate healing and monitor progress via non-invasive imaging techniques.
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Zarandi, Marjan Molavi, Rosaire Mongrain, and Olivier F. Bertrand. "Modeling Drug Eluting Stents for Coronary Artery Bifurcation Considering Non-Newtonian Effects." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31190.

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Drug Eluting Stents (DES) are commonly used for the treatment of stenotic arteries. Restenosis can be treated by delivering anti-thrombotic and anti-proliferative drugs to the arterial wall. The main mechanism of the drug eluting stent is to allow diffusion of the drug from the coating on the stent, into the arterial wall over a prolonged period of time. Investigation of blood flow hemodynamics and shear stress are of great importance in understanding the transport of drugs through the circulatory systems and predicting the performance of drug eluting stents. While drug eluting stent effectively reduces restenosis rate, the conventional drug eluting stent should be optimized to be used in the bifurcation stenting. Various flow patterns due to specific designs of drug eluting stent influence drug delivery. Numerical simulation techniques are appropriate approaches to study such phenomena which can be used to optimize the design of drug eluting stents for bifurcations. In this paper, the complexity of drug eluting stent function in the bifurcation is presented by employing computational fluid dynamics analysis for various stent strut designs. Drug transportation through the lumen and determination of local drug concentrations in arterial wall is carried out for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow conditions. It is, to the author’s best knowledge, the first investigation of drug dispersion in arterial bifurcation considering the effects of both the blood rheological properties and stent strut design.
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Bermudez, Carlos, Ferran Laguarta, Cristina Cadevall, Aitor Matilla, Sergi Ibañez, and Roger Artigas. "Optical stent inspection of surface texture and coating thickness." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Yakov G. Soskind and Craig Olson. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2249614.

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Walsh, Gareth. "Medical Device Coating Using Ink-Jet Technology." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72515.

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Labcoat has incorporated Ink-Jet technology into its JAC System™ to target the location and quantity of coating applied to a medical device and more particularly in the case of a stent implant to apply a low dose of drug and carrier to the desired surfaces only of the device.
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Lang, L., G. Cattaneo, F. Popov, T. Krüger, C. Salewski, A. Nemeth, H. P. Wendel, S. Krajewski, and C. Schlensak. "Nitrated Oleic Acid Coating of Nitinol Grafts to Diminish Stent-Angioplasty-Associated Thrombotic Complications." In 48th Annual Meeting German Society for Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678977.

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Gogineni, Aneesha, and T. S. Ravigururajan. "Flow Through Coated Coronary Stented Arteries: A Review." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64621.

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This paper reviews the recent literature on the stent applications and their recent advancements due to some controversies. The paper consists of two parts flow modeling of stents and a comparison between normal and stenosed artery. It also includes a comparison of stent geometries to determine hemodynamically favorable stents. In spite of many advantages bare metal stents are found to be unfavorable. However the study of stents based on flow and design recommend stent coatings. In comparison with bare metal stents, metal coated stents proved to be more efficient in terms of restenosis. Most of the metal coatings have less fluoroscopic visibility and low tensile strengths and hence drug eluting stents were studied. Although drug eluting stents were proved to be efficient in controlling restenosis, they have issues in patients with co-morbidities. For this reason, polymer and carbon coatings were studied in detail which showed better results than drug eluting stents. Biodegradable stents on the other hand inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and a decrease in neointimal proliferation. At present research on polymer, carbon and biodegradable stents are actively pursued for stent therapy applications.
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Zhixiong, Wu, Luo Jian, Li Fang, Xiao Ting, Zeng Ou, Chu Chun, and Yang Jun. "Gefitinib Can More Specifically Inhibit Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Compared with Paclitaxel as A New Stent Coating Material." In The 6th International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE2015) and The 4th International Conference on Materials Science and Manufacturing (ICMSM2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813100312_0066.

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McGarry, Patrick, and Guillaume Parry. "Mixed Mode Delamination of Stent Coatings During Deployment." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19651.

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Recent advances in angioplasty have involved the application of polymer coatings to stent surfaces for purposes of drug delivery in order to prevent a reblockage of the artery due to smooth muscle cell proliferation. This advance has reduced instances of such restenosis from ∼40% for bare metal stents to ∼5% for drug eluting stents, and has yielded a milti-billion dollar per annum market. However, delamination of polymer coatings on commercial stents has recently been reported using SEM analysis [1, 2]. Such delamination results from interface failure due to high interface tractions developed in the region of the stent plastic hinge.
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