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Journal articles on the topic 'Stepover faults'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wang, Hui, Mian Liu, Benchun Duan, and Jianling Cao. "Rupture Propagation along Stepovers of Strike-Slip Faults: Effects of Initial Stress and Fault Geometry." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 3 (2020): 1011–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190233.

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ABSTRACT Large earthquakes on strike-slip faults often rupture multiple fault segments by jumping over stepovers. Previous studies, based on field observations or numerical modeling with a homogeneous initial stress field, have suggested that stepovers more than ∼5 km wide would stop the propagation of rupture, but many exceptions have been observed in recent years. Here, we integrate a dynamic rupture model with a long-term fault stress model to explore the effects of background stress perturbation on rupture propagation across stepovers along strike-slip faults. Our long-term fault models si

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Konon, Andrzej, Szymon Ostrowski, Barbara Rybak-Ostrowska, et al. "Mnin restraining stepover – evidence of significant Cretaceous–Cenozoic dextral strike-slip faulting along the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone?" Acta Geologica Polonica 66, no. 3 (2016): 435–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agp-2016-0019.

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Abstract A newly recognized Mnin restraining stepover is identified in the Permo-Mesozoic cover of the western part of the Late Palaeozoic Holy Cross Mountains Fold Belt (Poland), within a fault pattern consisting of dextral strike-slip faults. The formation of a large contractional structure at the Late Cretaceous – Cenozoic transition displays the significant role of strike-slip faulting along the western border of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone, in the foreland of the Polish part of the Carpathian Orogen. Theoretical relationships between the maximum fault offsets/ mean step length, as well a

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3

DeLano, Kevin, Jeffrey Lee, Rachelle Roper, and Andrew Calvert. "Dextral, normal, and sinistral faulting across the eastern California shear zone–Mina deflection transition, California-Nevada, USA." Geosphere 15, no. 4 (2019): 1206–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges01636.1.

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Abstract Strike-slip faults commonly include extensional and contractional bends and stepovers, whereas rotational stepovers are less common. The Volcanic Tableland, Black Mountain, and River Spring areas (California and Nevada, USA) (hereafter referred to as the VBR region) straddle the transition from the dominantly NW-striking dextral faults that define the northwestern part of the eastern California shear zone into a rotational stepover characterized by dominantly NE-striking sinistral faults that define the southwestern Mina deflection. New detailed geologic mapping, structural studies, a

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Yang, Jiuyuan, Caijun Xu, Yangmao Wen, and Guangyu Xu. "The July 2020 Mw 6.3 Nima Earthquake, Central Tibet: A Shallow Normal-Faulting Event Rupturing in a Stepover Zone." Seismological Research Letters 93, no. 1 (2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220210057.

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Abstract On 22 July 2020, an Mw 6.3 earthquake with a predominantly normal-faulting mechanism struck the Yibug Caka fault zone, central Tibet, where the overall tectonic environment is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip motion. This event offers a chance to gain insight into the tectonic deformation and the cause of shallow normal-faulting earthquakes in this little studied region. Here, we use Sentinel-1A/B Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data to investigate the coseismic and postseismic deformation related to this earthquake. The earthquake ruptured a previously mapped West Y

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Zhu, Liangyu, Lingyun Ji, Chuanjin Liu, et al. "The 8 January 2022, Menyuan Earthquake in Qinghai, China: A Representative Event in the Qilian–Haiyuan Fault Zone Observed Using Sentinel-1 SAR Images." Remote Sensing 14, no. 23 (2022): 6078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236078.

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On 8 January 2022, a Ms 6.9 earthquake occurred in Menyuan, Qinghai, China. This event provided important geodetic data before and after the earthquake, facilitating the investigation of the slip balance along the seismogenic faults to understand seismogenic behavior and assess seismic risk. In this study, we obtained the interseismic (2016–2021) and coseismic deformation fields of the 2022 earthquake using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and estimated the slip rate, fault locking, and coseismic slip of the seismogenic faults. The results indicated that the seismogenic fault o

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TUTKUN, Z., and S. PAVLIDES. "Small scale contractional-extensional structures and morphotectonics along the fault traces of Izmit-Cocaeli (Turkey) 1999 earthquake." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 1 (2001): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17033.

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The Mw=7.4 Izmit (Kocaeli) earthquake of August 17, 1999 (Turkey) ruptured 100 km at least surface faults on land along the northwestern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). Although the preexisting structures of NAFZ has been divided into segments, showing stepover and pull apart geometry, the earthquake ruptures are generally linear, E-W striking (N80°-100°), right-lateral. In small scale and on the recent sediments they show very typical strike-slip displacements (2 to 5m), pop-ups and pressure ridges (N 40- 70°), Ρ (N80°), R (N100-1100) and R' (~N350°) Riedel shears, extensiona

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7

Wen, Guisen, Xingxing Li, Yingwen Zhao, Yong Zhang, Caijun Xu, and Yuxin Zheng. "Kinematic Rupture Process and Its Implication of a Thrust and Strike-Slip Multi-Fault during the 2021 Haiti Earthquake." Remote Sensing 15, no. 7 (2023): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071730.

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A devasting Mw7.2 earthquake struck southern Haiti on 14 August 2021, leading to over 2000 casualties and severe structural failures. This earthquake, which ruptured ~70 km west of the 2010 Mw7.0 event, offers a rare opportunity to probe the mechanical properties of southern Haiti. This study investigates the kinematic multi-fault coseismic rupture process by jointly analyzing teleseismic and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) datasets. We determined the optimal dip of different segment faults through finite-fault inversion, and the results show that the dips of the first, second

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Kuşçu, İsmail, Makoto Okamura, Hiromi Matsuoka, Kunio Yamamori, Yasuo Awata, and Selim Özalp. "Recognition of active faults and stepover geometry in Gemlik Bay, Sea of Marmara, NW Turkey." Marine Geology 260, no. 1-4 (2009): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.02.003.

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9

Wen, Yameng, Daoyang Yuan, Hong Xie, et al. "Typical Fine Structure and Seismogenic Mechanism Analysis of the Surface Rupture of the 2022 Menyuan Mw 6.7 Earthquake." Remote Sensing 15, no. 18 (2023): 4375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15184375.

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On 8 January 2022, a seismic event of significant magnitude (Mw 6.7, Ms 6.9) occurred in the northeastern region of the Tibetan Plateau. This earthquake was characterized by left-lateral strike-slip motion, accompanied by a minor reverse movement. The Menyuan earthquake resulted in the formation of two main ruptures and one secondary rupture. These ruptures were marked by a left-lateral step zone that extended over a distance of 1 km between the main ruptures. The length of the rupture zones was approximately 37 km. The surface rupture zone exhibited various features, including left-lateral of

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10

Weidman, Luke, Jillian M. Maloney, and Thomas K. Rockwell. "Geotechnical data synthesis for GIS-based analysis of fault zone geometry and hazard in an urban environment." Geosphere 15, no. 6 (2019): 1999–2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02098.1.

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Abstract Many fault zones trend through developed urban areas where their geomorphic expression is unclear, making it difficult to study fault zone details and assess seismic hazard. One example is the Holocene-active Rose Canyon fault zone, a strike-slip fault with potential to produce a M6.9 earthquake, which traverses the city of San Diego, California (USA). Several strands trend through densely populated areas, including downtown. Much of the developed environment in San Diego predates aerial imagery, making assessment of the natural landscape difficult. To comply with regulations on devel

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11

Dorsey, Rebecca J., Brennan O’Connell, Kevin K. Gardner, et al. "Tectonostratigraphic record of late Miocene–early Pliocene transtensional faulting in the Eastern California shear zone, southwestern USA." Geosphere 17, no. 4 (2021): 1101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02337.1.

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Abstract The Eastern California shear zone (ECSZ; southwestern USA) accommodates ~20%–25% of Pacific–North America relative plate motion east of the San Andreas fault, yet little is known about its early tectonic evolution. This paper presents a detailed stratigraphic and structural analysis of the uppermost Miocene to lower Pliocene Bouse Formation in the southern Blythe Basin, lower Colorado River valley, where gently dipping and faulted strata provide a record of deformation in the paleo-ECSZ. In the western Trigo Mountains, splaying strands of the Lost Trigo fault zone include a west-dippi

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12

Liu, Xiaoli, Debeier Deng, Zhige Jia, et al. "Refined Coseismic Slip Model and Surface Deformation of the 2021 Maduo Earthquake: Implications for Sensitivity of Rupture Behaviors to Geometric Complexity." Remote Sensing 16, no. 4 (2024): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16040713.

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Geometric complexities of a fault system have a significant impact on the rupture behavior of the fault. The 2021 Mw7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on a multi-segmented complex sinistral fault in the interior of the Bayan-Har block in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Here, we integrate centimeter-resolution surface rupture zones and Sentinel-2 optical displacement fields to accurately determine the geometric parameters of the causative fault in detail. An adaptive quadtree down-sampling method for interferograms was employed to enhance the reliability of the coseismic slip model inversion for inter

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13

Oglesby, David D. "What Can Surface-Slip Distributions Tell Us about Fault Connectivity at Depth?" Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 3 (2020): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190245.

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ABSTRACT Fault systems with stepovers and gaps along strike are ubiquitous in nature, and many modern earthquakes (e.g., 1992 Landers, 1999 Hector Mine, 2016 Kaikōura, and 2019 Ridgecrest) have shown that ruptures can readily propagate across some disconnections, while being halted by others. It is quite possible, however, that many faults that appear discontinuous at the surface are in fact connected at depth, facilitating throughgoing rupture, and potentially increasing earthquake size. The present work explores whether the mapped surface slip in an earthquake is indicative of the connectivi

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14

Han, Longfei, Jing Liu-Zeng, Wenqian Yao, et al. "Discontinuous Surface Ruptures and Slip Distributions in the Epicentral Region of the 2021 Mw7.4 Maduo Earthquake, China." Remote Sensing 16, no. 7 (2024): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16071250.

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Geometric complexities play an important role in the nucleation, propagation, and termination of strike-slip earthquake ruptures. The 2021 Mw7.4 Maduo earthquake rupture initiated at a large releasing stepover with a complex fault intersection. In the epicentral region, we conducted detailed mapping and classification of the surface ruptures and slip measurements associated with the earthquake, combining high-resolution uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) images and optical image correlation with field investigations. Our findings indicate that the coseismic ruptures present discontinuous patterns m

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15

Little, T. A., P. Morris, M. P. Hill, et al. "Coseismic deformation of the ground during large-slip strike-slip ruptures: Finite evolution of “mole tracks”." Geosphere 17, no. 4 (2021): 1170–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02336.1.

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Abstract To evaluate ground deformation resulting from large (~10 m) coseismic strike-slip displacements, we focus on deformation of the Kekerengu fault during the November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in New Zealand. Combining post-earthquake field observations with analysis of high-resolution aerial photography and topographic models, we describe the structural geology and geomorphology of the rupture zone. During the earthquake, fissured pressure bulges (“mole tracks”) initiated at stepovers between synthetic Riedel (R) faults. As slip accumulated, near-surface “rafts” of cohesive clay-r

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Styron, Richard, Julio García-Pelaez, and Marco Pagani. "CCAF-DB: the Caribbean and Central American active fault database." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 3 (2020): 831–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-831-2020.

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Abstract. A database of ∼250 active fault traces in the Caribbean and Central American regions has been assembled to characterize the seismic hazard and tectonics of the area, as part of the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation's Caribbean and Central American Risk Assessment (CCARA) project. The dataset is available in many vector GIS formats and contains fault trace locations as well as attributes describing fault geometry and kinematics, slip rates, data quality and uncertainty, and other metadata as available. The database is public and open source (available at: https://github.com/GEM

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Lozos, J. C., D. D. Oglesby, and J. N. Brune. "The Effects of Fault Stepovers on Ground Motion." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 103, no. 3 (2013): 1922–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120223.

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18

Huang, Luyuan, Elías Rafn Heimisson, and Luca Dal Zilio. "Poroelastic effects on rupture propagation across fault stepovers." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 649 (January 2025): 119103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2024.119103.

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19

Westaway, Rob. "Deformation around stepovers in strike-slip fault zones." Journal of Structural Geology 17, no. 6 (1995): 831–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(94)00098-k.

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20

Hodge, C. C. "SEISMIC EVIDENCE FOR REVERSE AND WRENCH FAULT TECTONICS—CLIFF HEAD OIL FIELD, PERTH BASIN." APPEA Journal 45, no. 1 (2005): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj04030.

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Seismic interpretation of the Cliff Head oil field has shown it to be structurally complex with reverse faults, wrench faults and listric faults mapped at both field and reservoir scale within the Permo-Triassic section.The Cliff Head field overlies the Abrolhos Transfer Zone and has strong similarity to the progressive evolution, internal structure and rhomboid map geometry in experimental models of restraining stepovers in strikeslip systems. It is concluded that the Cliff Head oil field is a pop-up structure formed during the Permian and early Cretaceous within a restrained convergent wrenc

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21

Micklethwaite, S., A. Ford, W. Witt, and H. A. Sheldon. "The where and how of faults, fluids and permeability - insights from fault stepovers, scaling properties and gold mineralisation." Geofluids 15, no. 1-2 (2014): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12102.

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22

Lozos, J. C., J. H. Dieterich, and D. D. Oglesby. "The Effects of d0 on Rupture Propagation on Fault Stepovers." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 104, no. 4 (2014): 1947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120130305.

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23

Li, Xing, Wenbin Xu, Sigurjón Jónsson, Yann Klinger, and Guohong Zhang. "Source Model of the 2014 Mw 6.9 Yutian Earthquake at the Southwestern End of the Altyn Tagh Fault in Tibet Estimated from Satellite Images." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 6 (2020): 3161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190361.

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Abstract Multiple fault segments ruptured during the 2014 Yutian earthquake, but the detailed source parameters and the mechanism of rupture complexity remain poorly understood. Here, we use high-resolution TanDEM-X satellite data and Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre-6/7 images to map the coseismic ground deformation field of the event. We find that the majority of coseismic slip occurred in the upper 10 km with the maximum left-lateral fault slip of ∼2.5 m at ∼6 km depth. The fault ruptured across a large 4.5 km extensional stepover from one left-lateral fault segment to another, with

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24

Agosta, Fabrizio, Angela Vita Petrullo, Vincenzo La Bruna, and Giacomo Prosser. "Cenozoic Fault Growth Mechanisms in the Outer Apulian Platform." Geosciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13040121.

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This work focuses on a ca. 55 km-long extensional fault zone buried underneath the foredeep deposits of the southern Apennines, Italy, with the goal of deciphering the Cenozoic fault growth mechanisms in the Outer Apulian Platform. By considering public 2D seismic reflection profiles, well logs, and isochron maps data, the study normal fault zone is interpreted as made up of four individual fault segments crosscutting Top Cretaceous, Top Eocene, Top Miocene, and Top Pliocene chrono-stratigraphic surfaces. The computed cumulative throw profiles form either bell-shaped or flat-shaped geometries

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Hu, Feng, Jiankuan Xu, Zhenguo Zhang, Wei Zhang, and Xiaofei Chen. "Construction of equivalent single planar fault model for strike-slip stepovers." Tectonophysics 632 (September 2014): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.06.025.

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26

Citra Wahyu Ningrum, Lady Antira, and Imam Salman. "Analisis Struktur Geologi Untuk Perencanaan Dan Pengembangan Project LNG Papua Barat." Jurnal Penelitian Rumpun Ilmu Teknik 2, no. 2 (2023): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/juprit.v2i2.2186.

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Eastern Indonesia is a geologically complex region. Until now, the research carried out in Eastern Indonesia and the surrounding area is still not comprehensive, so further studies and research are continuing. Research that continues to be done in Eastern Indonesia, especially in the Bird's Head region, provides various hypotheses regarding the structure and tectonics that develop in the area. Bintuni Fault Zone (Bintuni Fault Zone - SFZ) is a young structure that develops in the northern part of Papua, extending up to 1000 km from the eastern to the western Bird's Head. The purpose of this st

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Vegas, N., A. Aranguren, and J. M. Tubia. "Granites built by sheeting in a fault stepover (the Sanabria Massifs, Variscan Orogen, NW Spain)." Terra Nova 13, no. 3 (2001): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00343.x.

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28

Wang, Hui, Mian Liu, Jiyang Ye, Jianling Cao, and Yan Jing. "Strain partitioning and stress perturbation around stepovers and bends of strike-slip faults: Numerical results." Tectonophysics 721 (November 2017): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.10.001.

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Lozos, Julian C., David D. Oglesby, James N. Brune, and Kim B. Olsen. "Rupture Propagation and Ground Motion of Strike‐Slip Stepovers with Intermediate Fault Segments." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 105, no. 1 (2014): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120140114.

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Xu, Xiurong, Zhenguo Zhang, Feng Hu, and Xiaofei Chen. "Dynamic Rupture Simulations of the 1920 Ms 8.5 Haiyuan Earthquake in China." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, no. 5 (2019): 2009–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190061.

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Abstract The Haiyuan fault is a major seismogenic fault on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan–Qinghai plateau. The 16 December 1920 Ms 8.5 Haiyuan, China, earthquake is the largest and most recent event along the eastern Haiyuan fault (the Haiyuan fault in the article). Because only a few near‐field seismic recordings are available, the rupture process remains unclear. To understand the source process and intensity distribution of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake, we simulated the dynamic rupture and strong ground motion of said earthquake using the 3D curved‐grid finite‐difference method. Consid

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Marliyani, G. I., T. K. Rockwell, N. W. Onderdonk, and S. F. McGill. "Straightening of the Northern San Jacinto Fault, California, as Seen in the Fault-Structure Evolution of the San Jacinto Valley Stepover." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 103, no. 3 (2013): 2047–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120232.

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Seyitoglu, Gurol, Bahadir Aktug, Korhan Esat, and Bulent Kaypak. "Neotectonics of Turkey (Türkiye) and surrounding regions: a new perspective with block modelling." Geologica Acta 20 (April 28, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2022.20.4.

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This paper aims to present a new neotectonic perspective concordant with the seismic activities in Turkey and surrounding regions. The neotectonic structures have been re-evaluated mainly by using focal mechanism solutions and high-resolution satellite (Google Earth) images. The Southeast Anatolian Wedge explains thrust/blind thrust and asymmetrical folding relationship in SE Turkey, Syria, and Northern Iraq. The neotectonic structures of the Turkish-Iranian Plateau are enlightened by the rhomboidal cell model which creates a base to determine multiple intersection points between the region-wi

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White, Malcolm C. A., Hongjian Fang, Rufus D. Catchings, Mark R. Goldman, Jamison H. Steidl, and Yehuda Ben-Zion. "Detailed traveltime tomography and seismic catalogue around the 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake using dense rapid-response seismic data." Geophysical Journal International 227, no. 1 (2021): 204–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab224.

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SUMMARY We derive a detailed earthquake catalogue and Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs models for the region around the 2019 Mw 6.4 and Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence using data recorded by rapid-response, densely deployed sensors following the Ridgecrest main shock and the regional network. The new catalogue spans a 4-month period, starting on 1 June 2019, and it includes nearly 95 000 events detected and located with iterative updates to our velocity models. The final Vp and Vs models correlate well with surface geology in the top 4 km of the crust and spatial seismicity patterns at depth

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Singh, Tejpal, Nardeep Nain, Fernando Monterroso, et al. "The Afghanistan Earthquake of 21 June 2022: The Role of Compressional Step-Overs in Seismogenesis." Geosciences 15, no. 4 (2025): 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15040156.

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The Afghanistan earthquake of 21 June 2022 ruptured a ~10 km-long fault segment in the North Waziristan–Bannu fault system (NWBFS) located towards the north of the Katawaz Basin. The earthquake was shallow and reportedly caused widespread devastation. In this article, we investigated the long-term, i.e., geological and geomorphological, evidence of deformation along the earthquake segment. For comparison, we also studied the short-term space geodetic and remote sensing results documenting a visible offset between the fault traces. Focusing on the fault modelling and on the published results, i

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Manaker, D. M. "Subsurface Structure and Kinematics of the Calaveras-Hayward Fault Stepover from Three-Dimensional Vp and Seismicity, San Francisco Bay Region, California." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95, no. 2 (2005): 446–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120020202.

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Doskich, Sofiia, Stepan Savchuk, and Bohdan Dzhuman. "GEODYNAMICS." GEODYNAMICS 2(35)2023, no. 2(35) (2023): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jgd2023.02.089.

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The purpose of research is to identify horizontal deformation of the Ukraine territory, using only proven and suitable for geodynamic interpretation GNSS stations. The initial data are observations from 30 GNSS stations for 2017 to 2020. Methodology. The methodology includes the analysis of modern Earth's crust deformations of Ukraine. As a result, for the first time the impact of the coordinates time series created by two different methods: Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and the classical differential method, on determining deformation processes was analysed. It was established that nowadays

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Dembo, Neta, Yariv Hamiel, and Roi Granot. "The stepovers of the Central Dead Sea Fault: What can we learn from the confining vertical axis rotations?" Tectonophysics 816 (October 2021): 229036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.229036.

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Woolery, E. W., and A. Almayahi. "Northeast-Oriented Transpression Structure in the Northern New Madrid Seismic Zone: Extension of a Shear Zone across the Reelfoot Fault Stepover Arm." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 104, no. 5 (2014): 2587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120140066.

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Irmak, Tahir Serkan, Seda Yolsal-Çevikbilen, Tuna Eken, et al. "Source characteristics and seismotectonic implications of the 26 September 2019 Mw 5.7 Silivri High-Kumburgaz Basin earthquake and evaluation of its aftershocks at the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Central Marmara Sea, NW Turkey)." Geophysical Journal International 227, no. 1 (2021): 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab233.

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SUMMARY The Central Marmara Sea region hosts the northwestern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) with its known seismic gap between the 1912 Ganos (Mw 7.2) and 1999 Izmit (Mw 7.4) major devastating earthquakes and thus poses a significant seismic hazard potential for the megacity Istanbul. The 26 September 2019 Mw 5.7 Silivri High-Kumburgaz Basin (central Marmara Sea) earthquake ruptured a thrust fault with a minor strike-slip component at the north of the eastern end of this gap relatively in the shallow depth (h= 8 km) range. Thus, in this study, we examine source properties of

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Tréhu, Anne M., Bridget Hass, Alexander de Moor, et al. "Geologic controls on up-dip and along-strike propagation of slip during subduction zone earthquakes from a high-resolution seismic reflection survey across the northern limit of slip during the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, offshore Chile." Geosphere 15, no. 6 (2019): 1751–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02099.1.

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Abstract A grid of closely spaced, high-resolution multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection profiles was acquired in May 2012 over the outer accretionary prism up dip from the patch of greatest slip during the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake (offshore Chile) to complement a natural-source seismic experiment designed to monitor the post-earthquake response of the outer accretionary prism. We describe the MCS data and discuss the implications for the response of the accretionary prism during the earthquake and for the long-term evolution of the margin. The most notable observation from the seismic ref

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Ryan, Kenny J., and David D. Oglesby. "Modeling the Effects of a Normal-Stress-Dependent State Variable, Within the Rate- and State-Dependent Friction Framework, at Stepovers and Dip-Slip Faults." Pure and Applied Geophysics 174, no. 3 (2017): 1361–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-017-1469-2.

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Sun, Qingqing, Tailiang Fan, Robert E. Holdsworth, et al. "The spatial characterization of stepovers along deeply-buried strike-slip faults and their influence on reservoir distribution in the central Tarim Basin, NW China." Journal of Structural Geology 170 (May 2023): 104849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2023.104849.

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Fossen, Haakon, Richard A. Schultz, Egil Rundhovde, Atle Rotevatn, and Simon J. Buckley. "Fault linkage and graben stepovers in the Canyonlands (Utah) and the North Sea Viking Graben, with implications for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation." AAPG Bulletin 94, no. 5 (2010): 597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/10130909088.

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Odum, J. K., W. J. Stephenson, and R. A. Williams. "Multisource, High-resolution Seismic-reflection Imaging of Meeman-Shelby Fault and a Possible Tectonic Model for a Joiner Ridge-Manila High Stepover Structure in the Upper Mississippi Embayment Region." Seismological Research Letters 81, no. 4 (2010): 647–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.4.647.

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PLUHAR, C., R. COE, J. LEWIS, F. MONASTERO, and J. GLEN. "Fault block kinematics at a releasing stepover of the Eastern California shear zone: Partitioning of rotation style in and around the Coso geothermal area and nascent metamorphic core complex." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 250, no. 1-2 (2006): 134–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.034.

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Shokri, Parisa, Seyed Ahmad Alavi, Mohammad Reza Ghassemi, and Seyed Mehdi Ganjiani. "Evolution of the Piranshahr pull-apart basin at releasing stepovers of the strike-slip fault systems in Northwest of Iran: Insights from two-dimensional numerical modeling." Journal of Mountain Science 21, no. 12 (2024): 4282–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-024-9003-3.

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Wang, Hu, Dongming Li, Kaijin Li, Lin Deng, and Peisheng Luo. "Late Quaternary Fault Activity of the Southern Segment of the Daliangshan Fault along the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Implications for Fault Rupture Behaviour at Stepovers." Lithosphere 2022, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2022/9259647.

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Abstract Stepovers have been widely suggested to be important structural boundaries that control earthquake rupture extent and therefore the size of earthquakes. Previous studies suggested that ~4-5 km wide stepovers are likely to arrest fault rupture. However, recent earthquake cases show that even much wider stepovers (e.g., ≥7-8 km wide) sometimes may not effectively impede seismic rupture propagation, which requires us to further explore cascading rupture mechanism of large earthquakes at wider stepovers. Here, we constrained slip rates and paleoseismic earthquakes of two fault sections th

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Sahakian, Valerie J., Boe J. Derosier, Thomas K. Rockwell, and Joann M. Stock. "Shallow distributed faulting in the Imperial Valley, California, USA." Geology, March 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g49572.1.

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In the tectonically complex Imperial Valley, California (USA), the Imperial fault (IF) is often considered to be the primary fault at the U.S.-Mexico border; however, its strain partitioning and interactions with other faults are not well understood. Despite inferred evidence of other major faults (e.g., seismicity), it is difficult to obtain a holistic view of this system due to anthropogenic surface modifications. To better define the structural configuration of the plate-boundary strain in this region, we collected high-resolution shallow seismic imaging data in the All American Canal, cros

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Ben-Zion, Yehuda, Thomas K. Rockwell, Zheqiang Shi, and Shiqing Xu. "Reversed-Polarity Secondary Deformation Structures Near Fault Stepovers." Journal of Applied Mechanics 79, no. 3 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4006154.

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We study volumetric deformation structures in stepover regions using numerical simulations and field observations, with a focus on small-scale features near the ends of rupture segments that have opposite-polarity from the larger-scale structures that characterize the overall stepover region. The reversed-polarity small-scale structures are interpreted to be generated by arrest phases that start at the barriers and propagate some distance back into the rupture segment. Dynamic rupture propagating as a symmetric bilateral crack produces similar (anti-symmetric) structures at both rupture ends.

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Brothers, Daniel S., Neal W. Driscoll, Graham M. Kent, Robert L. Baskin, Alistair J. Harding, and Annie M. Kell. "Seismostratigraphic analysis of Lake Cahuilla sedimentation cycles and fault displacement history beneath the Salton Sea, California, USA." Geosphere, June 17, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02468.1.

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The Salton Trough (southeastern California, USA) is the northernmost transtensional stepover of the Gulf of California oblique-divergent plate boundary and is also where the southern terminus of the San Andreas fault occurs. Until recently, the distribution of active faults in and around the Salton Sea and their displacement histories were largely unknown. Subbottom CHIRP (compressed high-intensity radar pulse) surveys in the Salton Sea are used to develop a seismic facies model for ancient Lake Cahuilla deposits, a detailed map of submerged active faults, and reconstructed fault displacement

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