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Journal articles on the topic 'Stepper motors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 May 2022

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1

Cooke, J. R. "Stepper Motors: Principles and Characteristics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 202, no. 2 (April 1988): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_163_02.

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The basic principles of stepper motors are explained. Under certain circumstances it is shown that a stepper motor may be a better option than a servo motor. The three most common types of stepper motor are described and their important characteristics are illustrated and explained. Finally, the principles of stepper motor drives and the various types available are analysed.

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2

Moulthrop, Andrew A., and Michael S. Muha. "Superconducting stepper motors." Review of Scientific Instruments 59, no. 4 (April 1988): 649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139851.

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3

Odenbach, Robert, Alan Guthrie, and Michael Friebe. "Evaluation of MRI-compatible pneumatic muscle stepper motors." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-1570538319.

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AbstractThe automation of instruments and tools (e.g. bone drill) or robotic devices (e.g. needle positioning robot for prostate surgery) for use in interventional MRI (iMRI) is still challenging due to a lack of accurate, affordable and completely metal-free actuators and motors. Inspired by biological muscles, a bionic equivalent known as the fluid muscle actuator (which can be operated pneumatically or hydraulically) is well-known in the mechanical engineering industry. Fluid muscle actuators have multiple beneficial characteristics: they are simple, self-returning, low-friction and can produce relatively high actuation forces at low diameters and pressures. We present two novel designs for metal-free, pneumatic stepper motors for potential application in iMRI. Our stepper motors are powered by simple pneumatic muscles, which are assembled from low-cost off-the-shelf components. Besides, the components of the stepper motor demonstrators were 3Dprinted using a stereolithographic additive manufacturing process (SLA printing). We evaluate the effect of pneumatic muscle length on contractile force and length. Our results demonstrated the functional feasibility of the pneumatic muscle-powered and fully MRI-compatible stepper motor designs. In a next step, we will optimize the motor´s design, characterize their performance and reliability, and use the stepper motors to power a micropositioning device in iMRI-phantom tests.

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Y. Yousef, Ayman, and M. H. Mostafa. "Simulation and Implementation of Multiple Unipolar Stepper Motor Position Control in the Three Stepping Modes using Microcontroller." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 4, no. 1 (November 4, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i1.pp29-40.

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<p>This paper presents a multiple unipolar stepper motor position control system using microcontroller (MCU) in anticlockwise and clockwise directions. The open loop controller of the implemented position control system for the three stepping modes of operation has been designed and developed with three stepper motors and without position feedback. The MCU is programmed using flowcode software package to generate the pulse signals with the desired stepping sequences and step angles. These pulse signals are necessary to drive the three stepper motors in the three drive modes (wave-step, full-step, and Half-step) according to the control algorithm. Three devices of 8 Channel Darlington Driver (chip ULN2803) are used to drive the three stepper motors and provide them with the sufficient current. The position control system has been simulated using proteus design suite software package and the controller has been implemented using low cost PIC16F877A (MCU). A reliable and accurate position control of the stepper motor is achieved by this position control system. </p>

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5

Sun, Rong Chun, and Ming Qiu Li. "Analysis and Simulation System for Stepper Motor Controller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.938.

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Stepper motors are wildly used in the many fields, such as CNC machine, motion robot, aeronautics and astronautics. To realize online precise measurement, error analysis and verification of control strategy, it is necessary to sample and analyze the driving signals of motors, and simulate mechanical motion in a computer. So a test, analysis and simulation system of stepper controllers was designed. Driving signals of stepper motors are synchronously sampled and analyzed by the unit of acquisition and analysis. A connecting Motherboard was used to link the various parts and finish the data transmission. The working states of motor divers under load were simulated by connecting motor driver to the simulation board of motor load. In the industrial computer, the control effects of multi-axis control system were displayed by 3D simulation. Test results show that the system is stable and reliable, and has a certain application value.

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6

Solomin, Vladimir A., Andrej V. Solomin, Nadejda A. Trubitsina, and Larisa L. Zamchina. "Stepper induction motors for electric drive." Transportation Systems and Technology 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20217185-98.

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Aim: The goal is to present a new asynchronous principle of operation of stepper motors, based on the use of counter-rotating (or traveling) magnetic fields. Method: A change in the degree of symmetry of one of these magnetic fields leads to the fact that the armature (rotor or secondary element) makes a precise discrete movement. Result: The force moving the armature of a stepper induction motor is created as a result of the interaction of eddy currents in the armature with a rotating or traveling magnetic field. Stepper induction motors can rotate the rotor at a certain angle and discretely move flat or cylindrical electrically conductive armatures, which can be smooth and non-magnetic. A separate group of motors for a discrete electric drive is made up of two-coordinate linear stepping asynchronous machines, which also operate using the same counter-running magnetic fields both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Conclusion: The features of the design of such electric machines are presented, the values of the magnetic induction in different zones of a two-coordinate stepper motor are determined, the relations for calculating the steps of the armature in both the longitudinal and transverse directions are given.

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7

Peng, Zhen, and Chao Bi. "A Position Sensorless Closed-Loop Control Mode of a Three-Phase Hybrid Stepper Motor." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030804.

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The demand for the high-performance and low-cost position control actuators in many applications promotes the development of three-phase hybrid stepper motors. The torque ripple, loss, and pullout torque of the motor are the key factors to be considered in the motor application. In order to solve the problems of the open-loop control mode, this paper proposes a new “sensorless closed-loop” control mode to significantly improve the performance of three-phase hybrid stepper motors. This control mode is developed by estimating the rotor position with the Extended Kalman filter observer, thereby realizing the closed-loop control of the motor with sensorless technology. This paper illustrates the effects of this control mode by analyzing motor noise, losses, and pullout-torque. The results show that the use of the “sensorless closed-loop” control mode presented can effectively improve the performance of the stepper motor while maintaining the advantages of the motor in terms of cost and size. These results have positive significance for the development, application, and promotion of high-performance three-phase hybrid stepper motor systems.

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8

Athani, V. V. "Microstepping Controller for Stepper Motors." IETE Technical Review 6, no. 3 (May 1989): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.1989.11438464.

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9

AML Microelectronics Ltd. "Ultrahigh vacuum hybrid stepper motors." Vacuum 36, no. 10 (October 1986): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(86)90529-4.

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10

Rybarczyk, Dominik. "Concept and modelling of the electrohydraulic valve with DC and stepper motors." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925206003.

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The article describes concept and modelling of a new type of electrohydraulic valve controlled by the combination of a stepper motor and a DC motor. The aim of this invention is to use in the proportional valve two motors with the different properties. Both motors are responsible for the movement of a valve spool. The stepper motor and the DC motor are connected to a shaft by using a bellows coupling. Transfer from rotary to linear motion is performed by use of a bolt-nut system. According to the invention, presented here valve can be used in hydraulic drive systems with high positioning accuracy requirement. The author was granted a patent no. P.421994 on the invention described in this paper.

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11

BAX, H., and U. WÄTJEN. "AUTOMATIZATION OF A PIXE SYSTEM FOR SERIES OF BIO-MEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSES." International Journal of PIXE 02, no. 03 (January 1992): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083592000294.

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The PIXE chamber of CBNM, designed for high flexibility in analytical conditions and high throughput of samples, is equipped with stepper motors to serve the various movable components in the chamber. A versatile motor controller was designed which is steering all motors in the chamber, allows for a safety interlock system, and which can readily be expanded or adapted to more and other types of stepper motors if necessary. By interfacing this controller to a computer via the IEEE-488 protocol, it can be remotely controlled in order to automatize complete series of full analysis cycles. An integrated software package has been written, which combines the motor steering—including the necessary safety interlocks—with the control of all MCA functions under a single menu-oriented program. The modular design of the controller and the interfacing by standard IEEE-488 make it portable to other experiment environments.

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12

Peng, Zhen, Chao Bi, Lingli Fang, and Longfei Xiao. "Optimization of Three-Phase Hybrid Stepper Motors for Noise Reduction." Sensors 22, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010356.

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For the optimization of three-phase hybrid stepper motors with complex electromagnetic structures, an optimization method is presented in this paper. The method is a combination of 3D-FEM and the Taguchi optimization method intended to reduce the dependence on FEM results during the optimization calculation. In this paper, the optimization method is used in the optimization of the tooth shape of the three-phase hybrid stepper motor, and the objective is to reduce the noise caused by harmonics in the “torque-angle characteristic” of the motor. It is clear that traditional optimization methods make it very difficult to carry out such an optimization calculation as a large number of finite element calculations have to be used in the optimization process, and the required computation time is extremely long. Using the optimization method presented in the paper, the optimization becomes feasible because the number of finite element calculations is greatly reduced and the computation time is thus greatly reduced. In order to check the effectiveness of the optimization, the waterfall diagram for noise analysis and its application to check torque ripple are also presented in the paper. Both simulation and test results show that the optimized structure can significantly reduce the motor noise caused by torque ripple. Therefore, the optimization method proposed in this paper can be an effective tool for the optimal design of high-performance motors, including stepper motors.

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13

Tripathi, Nirmalya. "Modification and Actuator Minimization of the Hip Leg Joint in a Bipedal Robot: A Proposed Design." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v4i2.pp93-97.

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In recent times, there have been numeric applications of Biped Robots. In this paper, a proposed upper leg hip design of a biped was developed taking cost reduction and optimization as factors for consideration. The proposed system introduces a novel method which consists of a vibration reduction (VR) DC stepper motor, microcontroller, microprocessor and gearing arrangement. The program in the microprocessor is so designed that it gives a fixed number of cycles/steps to the VR DC stepper motor in clockwise and thereafter in anti-clockwise direction. This turning movement can then be transmitted to the gearing system which precisely moves one upper leg when the VR DC stepper motor moves in clockwise direction, while the other upper leg remains static, and vice-versa. It has been observed that this new proposed system may reduce the cost overhead, weight and the energy consumption incurred by working on a single VR DC stepper motor while conventionally two stepper motors are used to give the motion of the two upper legs in a biped.

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Al-Azzawi, Waleed Khalid. "Wireless stepper motor control and optimization based on robust control theory." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v10i2.pp144-148.

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<img src="blob:http://ijra.iaescore.com/f3842e5c-715f-4e1e-9ffd-952309f5ccb1" alt="" />Stepper motors are broadly utilized in actual systems, which are marked by non-linear parameters such as internal, external noises and uncertainties from wireless network. As well, a suitable controller is required when the problem is to track the target signal. In this paper, robust controller based on model reference are investigated to wireless control and optimize position and time in stepper motors. The core impression to build a robust controller is to use a model reference control system. Furthermore, simulations are implemented to control stepper motor position and time in two cases: first, when the wireless network without any delay and packet dropout. Second, uncertain equations when the wireless network with time delays and packet dropout. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed controller has achieved and enhanced the performance in tracking and robustness.

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15

Song, Xin Wang, Yan Wu, Yu An He, and Fu Yang Chen. "Pre-Stressed Modal Analysis of the Shaft Based on ANSYS Workbench." Advanced Materials Research 1028 (September 2014): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1028.105.

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This paper is based on the research on the drive shaft of the toothpaste tube conveyor, using Solidworks to create the three dimensional model of the frame of the soft tube conveyor and the drive shaft. And natural frequencies and vibration modes of preceding 6 modalities of pre-stress modal analysis are calculated with ANSYS Workbench. By analyzing the natural frequencies of the drive shaft and the resonance range of stepper motors, the reasonable speed range of the stepper motor can be acquired, in order to avoid the resonance between the drive shaft and stepper motor. At the same time, the reasonable installation location of synchronous belt wheels can be attained by analyzing each vibration mode.

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16

Yague, Sauro J., Guillermo Reyes Carmenaty, Alejandro Rolán Blanco, and Aurelio García Cerrada. "Distributed Cooperative Control for Stepper Motor Synchronization." MATEC Web of Conferences 167 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816702001.

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This paper describes the design and simulation of a distributed cooperative control algorithm based on multi-agents to synchronize a group of stepper motors. Modeling of the two-phase hybrid stepper motor in closed loop is derived in {d - q} rotary reference frame, based on field-oriented control techniques to provide torque control. The simulation obtained by MATLAB-Simulink shows that the distributed cooperative control effectiveness depends on the network topology defined by the graph.

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17

Anandaram, Mandayam N., B. A. Kagali, and S. P. Bhatnagar. "Design of a Small Automated Telescope for Indian Universities." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000973.

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AbstractWe have constructed a computer controlled telescope using a 0.36-m f/11 Celestron optical tube assembly for teaching and research applications. We have constructed a heavy duty fork-type equatorial mount fitted with precision machined 24 inch drive disks for both axes. These are friction driven by stepper motors through one inch rollers. We have used an open loop control system triggerable by an ST-4 CCD camera to acquire and track any target object. Our telescope can home in on any target within a range of two arc-minutes. We have employed a commercial stepper motor controller card for which we have written a user friendly pc based telescope control software in C. Photometry using a solid state photometer, and imaging by an ST-6 CCD camera are possible.We consider that this project is suitable for those wishing to construct some parts of a telescope and understand the principles of operation. A simpler model of this telescope could use DC motors instead of stepper motors. We shall be happy to send our design diagrams and details to those interested. This project was funded by the DST, and was assisted by IUCAA, Pune.

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18

Ricci, Stefano, and Valentino Meacci. "Simple Torque Control Method for Hybrid Stepper Motors Implemented in FPGA." Electronics 7, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7100242.

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Stepper motors are employed in a wide range of consumer and industrial applications. Their use is simple: a digital device generates pulse-bursts and a direction bit towards a power driver that produces the 2-phase currents feeding the motor windings. Despite its simplicity, this open-loop approach fails if the torque load exceeds the motor capacity, so the motor and driver should be oversized at the expense of efficiency and cost. Field-Oriented closed-loop Control (FOC) solves the problem, and the recent availability of low cost electronics devices like Digital Signal Processors, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), or even Microcontrollers with dedicated peripherals, fostered the investigation and implementation of several variants of the FOC method. In this paper, a simple and economic FOC torque control method for hybrid stepper motors is presented. The load angle is corrected accordingly to the actual shaft position through pulse-bursts and direction commands issued towards a commercial stepper driver, which manages the 2-phase winding currents. Thanks to the FPGA implementation, the control loop updates the electrical position every 50 μs only, thus allowing a load angle accuracy of −1/100 rad for a rotor velocity up to 750 rev/min, as shown in the reported experiments.

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19

Mahmoud, Samia M., M. Z. Elsherif, Hassan A. Mansour, and Emad S. Abdel-Aliem. "FIELD ORIENTATION CONTROL OF STEPPER MOTORS." ERJ. Engineering Research Journal 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjm.2012.67110.

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20

Bodson, M., J. S. Sato, and S. R. Silver. "Spontaneous speed reversals in stepper motors." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 14, no. 2 (March 2006): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2005.863675.

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21

Nsayef, Aman Ismail, and Anas Lateef Mahmood. "Microcontroller – Based Plotter Machine." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.21030350.

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The main idea behind this paper is to design and implement a cheap, smaller size, easily operable, easy interface and flexible 3-axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) plotter machine. The lower cost is achieved by using 2 CD drives from old PC’s with their stepper motors as the main structure for the hardware. The two stepper motors already found in the CD drives used to control the pen movements onto X and Y axis and one servo motor on the Z axis. An Arduino Uno microcontroller is used to controls the proper synchronization of these three motors during printing/drawing process. The Arduino Uno is programmed with G-Code parser from PC that is connected to the Arduino via a USB cable to control the motors movement and synchronization. The plotter machine is implemented and tested by printed different images and texts on papers (8cm × 8cm) using a pen, the small size of the papers because of the small plotter size. The motors winding voltages were displayed on the oscilloscope during the printing process to investigate the synchronization between the three motors. The design of the circuit is simple, inexpensive and can be accomplished using commercially available components.

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22

Kaňuch, Ján, and Želmíra Ferková. "Design and simulation of disk stepper motor with permanent magnets." Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0022.

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Abstract In this paper the design and the magneto-static simulation of axial-flux permanent- magnet stepper motor with the disc type rotor is presented. Disk motors are particularly suitable for electrical vehicles, robots, valve control, pumps, centrifuges, fans, machine tools and manufacturing. The brushless machine with axial flux and permanent magnets, also called the disc-type machine, is an interesting alternative to its cylindrical radial flux counterpart due to the disk shape, compact construction and high torque density. This paper describes a design of four phase microstepping motor with the disc type rotor. The FEM modeling and the 3D magneto-static simulation of the disk stepper motor with permanent magnets is being subject of the article, too. Disc rotor type permanent magnet stepper motor for high torque to inertia ratio is ideal for robotics and CNC machines.

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23

Huang, Cui Cui, Li Hua Sun, and Liang Jun Yu. "Multi-Channel Stepping Motors Driven Based on SCM." Advanced Materials Research 722 (July 2013): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.722.336.

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Stepper motor is an electromechanical device, which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements, and it is used in varies kinds of automatic control system widely. This paper introduces a driver control system of multi-channel stepping motors based on SCM, the system can realizes the controlling of at most 16 motors with two groups of SCM I/O, and in the system, the motors can work with different rate and excitation manner through the piece selecting function of 74573.

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24

Carrica, D. O., S. A. Gonzalez, and M. Benedetti. "A novel algorithm for controlling stepper motors at higher speed." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 217, no. 5 (August 1, 2003): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095965180321700502.

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Stepper motor driving through conventional on-line control algorithms fails to produce a high-speed rate. In recent years this has become an issue, especially when applications involve microstepping drives. In this work an analysis of the problem is presented and a new algorithm is proposed that does not have the speed restriction of the conventional ones and does not require hardware timers. The proposed algorithm is first rehearsed by applying it to a stepper motor model, verifying that it allows higher speeds than conventional algorithms. Then a series of experimentations are carried out with a hybrid stepper motor.

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25

Ahmed, MusaabMohammed, and M. A. Habli. "Position Control of Hybrid Stepper Motorbased PSD Fuzzy Controller." GIS Business 14, no. 6 (December 5, 2019): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i6.15260.

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Most control systems are working on the measurement coordinates and trajectories of dynamic targets in the space need to particular type of motor to meet the accuracy. It has demanding requirements for tracking the performance of the system. The currently used different soft computing techniques for step response enhancement of hybrid stepper motor are used to build up a model using MATLAB software package. The objective of the present paper is to use PSD fuzzy controller to enhance the performance of the open loop control system to control the speed and position of the hybrid stepper motor performance. It was represented by 2DOF with a fuzzy controller and received an excellent response and good result. The difficulties are great and real time implementation of control actuation the controlling of position of hybrid stepper motor and to improve motors efficiency. The fieldoriented for a PM stepper motor application is presented in order to demonstrate the effectiveness for this real time embedded controller, t the proposed control algorithm will realize better rise time and less overshootbetter and detailed analysis is carried out to confirm the viability of the proposed system.

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26

Deo, Ankit, Ayush Gupta, Himanshu Khemani, and Rashmi Ranjan Das. "Path tracking mobile robot using steppers." E3S Web of Conferences 87 (2019): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198701028.

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In control of mobile robots, precision plays a key role in path tracking. In this paper we have intended to use hybrid stepper motors for precise control of the two wheeled robot. A control algorithm was developed to control the robot along different trajectories. We have found that stepper motors are more accurate for path tracking than normal DC motors with wheel encoders and one can obtain the implicit coordinates of the robot in runtime more precisely. Getting the precise coordinates of the robot at runtime can be used in various SLAM and VSLAM techniques for more accurate 3D mapping of the environment.

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Dwijaputra, IGN Agung, I. Made Satriya Wibawa, and Nyoman Wendri. "Designing CCTV Working Optimization System as Room Security Using Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor Based on AT89S52 Microcontroller." BULETIN FISIKA 19, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2018.v19.i02.p02.

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A CCTV optimization system has been designed using PIR (passive infrared) sensor based on AT89S52 microcontroller. This device consists of several series of sensor circuit, AT89S52 microcontroller minimum system, stepper motor driver circuit, push-on circuit and alarm circuit. The working system of the room safety device is when the PIR (passive infrared) sensor detects the movement of the object, then the output of the sensor is forwarded to the microcontroller, the microcontroller will process and convey to the driver circuit to drive the stepper motors that moves the CCTV. The push-on circuit is connected to the microcontroller port for controlling the movement of the stepper motor so it won’t rotate beyond 180 degrees, and for the safety of the room, an alarm circuit is connected to the microcontroller port as an alarming sound generator.

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Hao, Yi Shu, Kai Shun Ji, and Zong Yue Liu. "Precision Water Distribution Control of New Type Sewage Distributor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 1015–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.1015.

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This paper focuses on the issues of uniform flow distribution control for sewage treatment devices. A novel method for uniform flow distribution was proposed, in which a new type sewage distributor employing two phrase stepper motors is integrated to replace the conventional one. The model of permanent magnet stepper motor is mainly discussed. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is designed for this new type distributor. The performance of general controlled system is simulated, compared by tuning the parameters. And the control system is evaluated in practical use.

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29

Wu, Chang Zhong, and Shu Guang Sang. "One Test System Design of Static Stiffness for Machine Tools." Advanced Materials Research 529 (June 2012): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.175.

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Computer is regarded as a center of signal detection, data processing and control in this system, accompanied by precision displacement sensors, pressure sensors and stepper motors and drives. Realize the transition of analog to digital with A/D converter board by VB6.0, and load simulation device steady and uniform by stepper motor, at the same time realize the functions of data calculation processing, storage, querying and sample curve drawing. The experimental results shows that the system has the advantages of a high degree of automation, high test efficiency, high precision, high reliability, stability test performance.

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30

Harb, Ahmad M., and Ashraf A. Zaher. "Nonlinear control of permanent magnet stepper motors." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 9, no. 4 (August 2004): 443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1007-5704(02)00133-8.

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31

Khiat, Ali, Jo W. Spronck, Jeroen van Schieveen, Silvana Milosavljevic, Jia Wei, Pablo Estevez, Pasqualina M. Sarro, and Urs Staufer. "Linear and rotational thermal micro-stepper motors." Microelectronic Engineering 98 (October 2012): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2012.07.086.

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32

Blauch, A. J., M. Bodson, and J. Chiasson. "High-speed parameter estimation of stepper motors." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 1, no. 4 (1993): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/87.260272.

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33

Frenger, Paul. "Driving stepper motors from your printer port." ACM SIGFORTH Newsletter 3, no. 3 (December 1991): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/126517.126522.

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34

Fadul, Faisal, and K. Weidenboerner. "Low-cost MSI controller for stepper motors." Computers in Industry 17, no. 1 (October 1991): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3615(91)90104-h.

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35

Li, San Bo. "The Application and the Driver Design of Double Axis Step-Drive Electromotor in the Motorcycle Meter." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.594.

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The traditional motorcycle meters are driven by the separate motors, these devices are simple and easy to be controlled, stable performance, but dial space has not been fully utilized. This paper introduces the double index show of motorcycle speed and speed，focus on analysis of dual-axis stepper motor driven connections, drive mode and the driver circuit design. The results of experiment and application shows that the coaxial two-pointer motorcycle display instrument has good repeatability, good linear scale, fast response, no jitter, high reliability and relatively small size and many other advantages, instrumentation stepper motor driver with dual-axis motor instrument design meet the relevant requirements of motorcycle meter, can be easily to achieve motor servo system driven synchronous control of double axis step-drive electromotor.

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Sun, Jing Rui, and Jin Cheng Wu. "Research and Implementation of Folding Machine Control System Based on MPU." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5838.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the working principle of folding machine and it also explains the working mode of the stepper motor. Basing on these, the control-system of folding machine is designed. It is through the AT89C52 MPU and the corresponding circuit of periphery to control the two stepper motors. So it can drive the feeding roller and the paper roller to overlay in accordance with the predefined size. The system achieves the automation of folding. It not only reduces the labor, but also improves the efficiency and accuracy of folding. It has a very broad application prospect.

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Chen, Zong Min, and San Nan Yuan. "Research on FPGA Based Closed-Loop Motion Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 4613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.4613.

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This paper presents a Field Programmable Gate Array based closed-loop motion control system for stepper motors. It consists of three components, including closed-loop control unit, driving unit and feedback unit. To overcome some of the drawbacks with an open-loop stepper motor motion control system or a conventional servo system, a self adaptive algorithm is proposed. By detecting the difference between the command and feedback signals, measures are taken prior to the occurrence of loss synchronization. All of the control logic is implemented in one FPGA chip. Simulation and testing results are presented at the end of this paper.

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KARAZEY, VITALIY, KATERYNA SOKOLAN, ANDRIY KUSHNIRCHUK, and OLEKSIY KALININ. "MODERNIZATION OF THE TURNING TABLE FOR NC MACHINE TOOL." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 303, no. 6 (December 2021): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-303-6-142-146.

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The article envisages the increase in the efficiency of NC machine tool due to the use of an upgrades design of turning table for installation and fixing of workpieces, the use of which will lead to improved productivity of machining. With the help of a turning table it is possible to perform machining of workpieces of different shapes from several sides without resetting, and to rotate the workpiece in different coordinates to carry out other technological transitions. Such tables are widely used un multi-position hole machining, milling planes on drilling and milling machines. The workpiece is fastened to the turning table by T-shaped longitudinal seams, and the table can take vertical or horizontal position. Ways to reduce the cost of CNC equipment for small enterprises are analyzed. One possible way is to modernize turning tables by replacing the manual drive. When upgrading the table for replacement of the manual drive a stepper motor is installed, which transmits the movement through the coupling and worm-and-worm gear to the faceplate. Modern stepper electric motors provide movement of the work part with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. In addition, the have good operational life due to the lack of a collector unit (in comparison with servo drives), which is subject to considerable wear during operation. Due to the simplicity of design stepper motors have relatively low cost, which is of great importance in today’s production realities. The analysis of operating life and accuracy of modern stepper motors and the choice of motor was carried out. For integration of the modernized table into the system of CNC metal-cutting machine tool the function of command reading sent from the machine control rack and converting them into the direction (DIR) and pitch (PULSE) is proposed to solve this problem. The effect of changing the design of the positioning mechanism on accuracy control is also shown.

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Paula, Greg. "The Rise of VSR Motors." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 02 (February 1, 1998): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-feb-6.

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This article reviews variable-switched reluctance (VSR) motors that are now entering mainstream use from jet fighters to washing machines. A VSR motor is generally used as a stepper motor and, if properly controlled, can be made to behave like a servomotor. Basically, the motor is a rotor and stator with a coil winding in the stator. VSR motors also provide other benefits. They can be programmed to precisely match the loads they serve, and their simple, rugged construction has no expensive magnets or squirrel cages like the ac induction motor. It can be difficult to give VSR motors a smooth torque profile, so they are used more often in place of variable speed motors than as servomotors. There are ways to control torque ripple, such as adding encoders and electronics to compensate, but these added controls could cost at least as much as what the motor itself would save. VSR motors work with relatively small air gaps. If the shaft is off-center, unbalanced tangential forces come into play, so shafts and bearing systems generally need to be of a higher quality than with other motors.

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Hernández-Guzmán, V. M., and R. V. Carrillo-Serrano. "Global PID position control of PM stepper motors and PM synchronous motors." International Journal of Control 84, no. 11 (November 2011): 1807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207179.2011.626457.

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Middleton, Richard Hume, and Antonio Cantoni. "Electromagnetic Damping for Stepper Motors with Chopper Drives." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics IE-33, no. 3 (August 1986): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.1986.350229.

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Shin, Donghoon, Wonhee Kim, Youngwoo Lee, and Chung Choo Chung. "Phase-Compensated Microstepping for Permanent-Magnet Stepper Motors." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 12 (December 2013): 5773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2013.2238879.

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Melkote, H., F. Khorrami, S. Jain, and M. S. Mattice. "Robust adaptive control of variable reluctance stepper motors." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 7, no. 2 (March 1999): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/87.748147.

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Cao, Fa Hai, and Jian Ping Lv. "High Performance Drive Design for Hybrid Stepper Motors." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.822.

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A new frequency-voltage modulation drive technique is proposed and analyzed for the use of stepping motor. Hardware circuit and the current compensation control method are given in the article. STM32 MCU control the PWM switch power, and combine L6384 to drive the MOSFET tube which consisting of H-bridge driver circuit. It simplifies the power drive electronic circuit. A high performance drive design about the best of drive curve is used through the analysis and study of the current closed-loop control. It will significantly improve the stability in low frequency and the torque frequency characteristic in high frequency, and the design can be used for high-power automation equipment.

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Sarhan, A., R. Hafez, A. El-Wakeel, and U. AbouZayed. "Enhancing the Step Response of Hybrid Stepper Motors." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 14, AEROSPACE SCIENCES (May 1, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.2011.23288.

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Fadul, Faisal, and Louis Arnold. "Low-cost controller for multi-axes stepper motors." Industrial Metrology 2, no. 2 (March 1992): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5956(92)80026-p.

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Jenkins, M. K., D. Howe, and T. S. Birch. "An improved design procedure for hybrid stepper motors." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 26, no. 5 (1990): 2535–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.104789.

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Mohammed, Khalid, Jabbar A. F. Yahaya, and Reyasudin Basir Khan. "Applied measurement of the motor speed controller for washing machine with random loads, part II." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp442-450.

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This research presents a very important industrial issue of controlling the production target, despite changing loads. Engines of various types, whether synchronous or synchronous, operate on single and three phase AC, DC motors or special motors such as stepper and servo. In all these motors, the speed control of the torque and speed of the above motors has gained considerable importance. There are three main ways reviewed in the current search, the second that completes the previous research referred to in the references. The three methods are PID method, LQR method and feeding –forward control methods. A real DC motor was used in electrical engineering machine laboratory at University of Diyala, Iraq. Where the actual parameters of the DC motor were actually calculated. The practical parameters were then integrated into the three control method Matlab codes for the purpose of comparing the results and representing the motor performance in the indicated control methods.

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Ovy, Enaiyat Ghani, Mohammad Rokonuzzaman, Shah Muhammad Ferdous, and Nurul Absar Chowdhury. "A Microcontroller Based Controller Circuit for the Motion Control of an Articulated Robot with Three Degrees of Freedom." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1960.

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Due to the quick evolution of manufacturing processes, the demand for more flexible automation systems is on the rise. To answer these requirements, distributed motion control architecture based on intelligent drives tends more and more to replace the traditional solutions. This paper presents the control of an articulated arm robot with three degrees of freedom. The essential part of the robotic arm is a programmable microcontroller based system capable of driving basically three stepper motors design to form an anthropomorphic structure. This paper explains the method of interfacing the robotic arm stepper motors with the programmed Atmega16 microcontroller which is used to control the robot operations. C programming language is employed here in programming the microcontroller.

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Nikolaidis, Nikolaos, Nikolaos Evgenidis, Dimitrios Bechtsis, Fotis Stergiopoulos, Apostolos Tsagaris, Dimitrios Triantafyllidis, Asterios Papaoikonomou, and Anastasios Filelis. "A microcontroller-based software framework for controlling a mechatronic system." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801052.

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The proposed software framework is presented and an Application Programming Interface (API) is developed based on the Arduino Mega 2560. The API processes external commands that follow the operational logic of a gel electrophoresis device. The API acts as an intermediary layer between the gel electrophoresis mechatronic system’s microcontroller and the motors’ controllers. The microcontroller enables the basic functionalities of the gel electrophoresis system while the use of 2 axis (X, Z) motor controllers is necessary for controlling the moving parts of the mechatronic system. We control the movement’s direction, position, speed, and acceleration. The developed API controls the stepper motors drive axles and the DC motors for opening and closing the drawers and other moving parts of the mechatronic system.

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