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1
Zanotta, Egydio Barbosa. "Uma contribuição para o estudo sobre o erro não amostral na pesquisa de mercado." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2431.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-25<br>The main objectiv of this study is to present a contribution to the non
sampling error in the Marketing Research. To reach this goal we had ( by
means of bibliografical research) to discover and typify the non sampling error
which is present in a research project, assuming the presence of this error in
each step of the process. Finally we tried to solve these problems by taking into
account the more recents conquests of the knowledge in this area. It is
important to emphasize that we included notes and theories originated from our
own experience, stimulated by the opinion of the advisor of our thesis<br>O objetivo central desse estudo é de proporcionar Uma Contribuição
Para o Estudo Sobre o Erro Não Amostral na Pesquisa de Mercado. Para
lograr atingir esse objetivo, necessitamos através da pesquisa bibliográfica,
descobrir e tipificar os erros não amostrais existentes no projeto de pesquisa e,
partindo do pressuposto de que em cada etapa, tais erros estão
presentes.Posteriormente, passamos a pesquisar como solucionar esses erros,
com base no estado da arte. Convém salientar, que graças ao incentivo
recebido de minha orientadora, incluímos notas sobre teorias oriundas de
nossa experiência e conhecimento
2
Meinel, Frithjof. "Die Industry & Research Project Weeks: Industry Research Project Week 2018." HTW Dresden, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35869.
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Kabirpanthi, Neel. "Color Detection Research Project." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19123.
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Shrestha, Joseph, and H. David Jeong. "HCCI Tool Research Project." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2718.
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Curran, Eugene. ""Go and open the door" initial steps towards a future project in adult formation in London /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Clifford, Andrew C. "Civil Service executive agencies and the transformation of Civil Service employee relations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365736.
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Struempf, Lawrence G. "Community college enrollment action research project." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/lstruempf2006.pdf.
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Lewis, Megan L. "Batterer Intervention Programs: A Research Project." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/519.
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The engagement process in group therapy is a significant step in the treatment of clients in building feelings of safety and inclusion, which becomes challenging when the clientele is attending involuntarily. The following research project monitored the progress of a 20-week batterer intervention program, measuring the perceived effectiveness of the facilitator in engaging the clients, and the congruency of the facilitator’s and the participants perceived level of engagement. The observations of groups and the facilitator’s interview proved helpful in determining that group members and the facilitator did have likeminded perceptions of group engagement, but perception of the level at which the participants were presumably engaged in the therapeutic process was different. This study could impact social work practice by encouraging modification of the criteria for group members, and diversifying the therapeutic techniques used by facilitators.
9
Castilho, Sofia Isabel de Miranda. "Project – Equity Research Novartis AG. (NVS)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18182.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>Este trabalho final de mestrado segue regras restritas de apresentação sugeridas no estilo do Trabalho Final do Programa de Mestrado do Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão ? Universidade de Lisboa e também do CFA Institute (Henry, Robison, Pinto and Stowe, 2010), seguindo assim o novo formato de apresentação deste tipo de trabalho final de mestrado, projeto.
Este trabalho contém informação sobre a empresa Novartis AG e estudos sobre a mesma. Escolher esta empresa não foi propriamente uma tarefa árdua pois sempre tive imensa curiosidade sobre a indústria farmacêutica por ser uma indústria onde não se consegue projetar um fim e desta maneira um setor com um constante trabalho de investigação e inovação para acompanhar a evolução das doenças da humanidade, com todos os custos que esta tarefa acarreta.
Numa primeira instância foi feito um estudo do negócio incluindo uma estrutura de negócio da companhia por cada divisão da mesma (Innovative Medicines, Sandoz e Alcon), posteriormente foi esmiuçada a estratégia de negócio da firma muito assente na inovação. Seguidamente, foi analisada estrutura de gestão da empresa.
O price target desta avaliação foi calculado através do método dos Fluxos de Caixa Descontados (DCF). Para dar suporte a este método de avaliação alineei também o método dos Multiplos Comparáveis. Desta forma com dois métodos diferentes consegui chegar à mesma recomendação.<br>This project follow restricted presentation rules, aligning the style and regulations of ISEG Master Final Project with the CFA Institute (Pinto, Henry, Robison, and Stowe, 2010) recommendations, consolidated in this new presentation format for this kind of projects.
This project contains detailed information and studies developed about Novartis AG. Choosing this company wasn´t properly a difficult choice, since I always had curiosity about pharmaceutical industry and its main features of continuing hard working and investments around innovation and investigation, influenced by arising new diseases globally, that makes it an endless industry in that matter.
The price target of Novartis AG was computed using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) approach. In order to support this valuation method, the Relative Valuation method was also performed. I reached similar results through both methods.
The price target obtained in the course of the work performed about Novartis AG (NVS) was $89.52, which represents and upside potential of 4,44% comparing with the stock price at 2018, October 16th. Regarding the full analysis about Novartis AG (NVS) the final recommendation is Reduce, considering a medium risk assessment estimation for Novartis AG.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
10
Lewer, N. "Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Research Report 1." University of Bradford, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3960.
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yes<br>The NLW database illustrates the extensive and eclectic literature regarding NLWs which covers the last few decades. It currently contains over 250 entries. It is important to have access not only to the more recent material, but also to earlier sources since many of the general debates and controversies have already been rehearsed, and lessons learnt from them are still relevant today.
Yet, it is also vital to follow new developments of NLWs closely because rapidly changing technology is producing weapons whose implications for integration into military and civil police forces have yet to be clearly defined and understood. Of particular interest are not only NLW applications for war fighting, but opportunities for deployment in peace enforcement and peace keeping missions. These technologies span many bases including: psycho-chemicals; unmanned weapons platforms and delivery systems; biogenetics; acoustic and microwave weapons; biological and chemical weapons; laser systems; kinetic energy ballistics; dual purpose (lethal/non-lethal) weapons; and, sprays and foams which inhibit movement. The database will keep up to date on these developments and future reports will highlight new issues and debates surrounding them.
With these rapid technological advances come a series of associated dangers and concerns including: the ethics of use; implications for weapons control and disarmament treaties; military doctrine; public accountability and guidelines; dangers of misuse and proliferation; and, research and development strategies.
Using the database, and drawing from military and non-military sources, this report will select the main current issues and debates within the non-lethal community. Bearing in mind that many operations undertaken by military forces are now more akin to policing actions (such as peace support operations) there are lessons to be learnt by military units from civil police experience. There still remains a tension between perceived benign and malign intent both in NLW operational use and non-lethal research and development.
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Lewer, N. "Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Research Report 2." University of Bradford, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3961.
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yes<br>Drawing from the Non-Lethal Weapons Database this report summarises and reviews:
non-lethal technology research and development issues, themes and trends
developments in non-lethal military organisation and co-ordination capacity
recent developments in selected non-lethal technologies
commercial opportunities and applications of non-lethal technology
ethical and social implications of non-lethal technolgy
non-lethal human bioeffect research
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Feakin, Tobias. "Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Research Report 3." University of Bradford, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3972.
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yes<br>This third report from the Bradford NLW Project aims to give the reader a brief update of developments and debates within the NLWs field over the last few months. We hope that it will be of interest not only to NLW `specialists', but also to those with a general interest in this area.
Interest in non-lethal weapons, which have been defined as being `explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or material while minimising fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment', has increased dramatically over the last five years as a result of non-lethal technology progress and increasing calls from military forces (especially those engaged in peacekeeping) and civil police for more sophisticated non-lethal responses to violent incidents¿whilst there are evident advantages linked with non-lethal weapons, there are also key areas of concern associated with the development and deployment of such weapons. These include threats to existing weapons control treaties and conventions, their use in human rights violations (such as torture), harmful biomedical effects, and what some predict as a dangerous potential for use in social manipulation and social punishment within the context of a technology of political control.
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Bolitho, Elaine. "The Early Numeracy Project : a study of teacher change : research project report." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Christchurch College of Education, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3098.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the changes that occurred in teachers' thinking and practice
as a result of taking part in the Early Numeracy Project (ENP). The study took place in the Junior
department of a high decile primary school in the South Island. Data was collected using the
following methods:
• Three in-depth interviews with four teachers taking part in the ENP
. Field notes gathered from cluster workshops and syndicate meetings
The four participating teachers in this study agreed that the ENP brought about significant changes
in the way they thought about and conducted their mathematics teaching. Their increasing
confidence and enthusiasm was fuelled by the commitment and interest of the children in their
class. The challenges and demands of the project were balanced by the knowledge that their
children were taking an active and imaginative part in learning mathematics. Children were
succeeding in an area often problematic for teachers.
In what ways did the ENP change what teachers did in the classroom? What were the key factors
that brought about these changes? What difficulties were encountered? This study describes the
teachers' experiences on the ENP, traces significant parts of their journeys and gives a voice to their
thoughts and feelings along the way.
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Messmacher, Eduardo B. (Eduardo Bernhart) 1972. "Models for project management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9217.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2000.<br>Also available online at the DSpace at MIT website.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-122).<br>Organizations perform work essentially through operations and projects. The characteristics of projects makes them extremely difficult to manage: their non repetitive nature discards the trial and error learning, while their short life span is particularly unforgiving to misjudgments. Some authors have found that effective scheduling is an important contributor to the success of research and development (R&D), as well as construction projects. The widely used critical path method for scheduling projects and identifying important activities fails to capture two important dimensions of the problem: the availability of different technologies (or options) to perform the activities, and the inherent problem of limited availability of resources that most managers face. Nevertheless, when one tries to account for such additional constraints, the problems become very hard to solve. In this thesis we propose an approach to the scheduling problem using a genetic algorithm, and try to compare its performance to more traditional approaches, such as an extension to a very innovative Lagrangian relaxation approach recently proposed. The purpose of using genetic algorithms is twofold: first to obtain good approximations to very hard problems, and second to realize the limitations and virtues of this search technique. The purpose of this thesis is not only to develop the algorithms, but also to obtain insight about the implications of the additional constraints in the perspective of a project manager.<br>by Eduardo B. Messmacher.<br>S.M.
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McGinley, Susan. "The Weighing Lysimeter Project." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622350.
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Dillon, Beth A. "The quiet crisis Goodwill Industries research project /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/BDillon2007.pdf.
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Hutchins, Courtney Elaine. "Project Possibility: Planting the Seed of Research." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144549.
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Golby, M. J. "Teachers and their research : A pilot project." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371933.
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Graham, Nicola Susan Jearey. "Dialogues of sexualities: An action research project." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021271.
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Risky and abusive sexual behaviours, stemming largely from inequitable gendered norms, are a pervasive feature of the South African socio-sexual landscape. Literature shows that sexuality education programmes can be effective in reducing risky sexual practices, but South African school sexuality education has been shown to be largely inadequate. The question arises as to how to engage with high school learners about sexualities in meaningful ways. In an attempt to answer this, I implemented a dialogical sexuality action research project at a lower middle class urban high school. Freirian principles of critical consciousness and dialogical pedagogy were utilized, and these were infused with feminist post-structural understandings of a discursively constituted subject. The initial consultative process started in 2012 with two projects at the school. Data from these projects, and a further consultation with the school principal, provided baseline information on the gendered norms and the sexuality education in the school. I then instituted a dialogical sexuality intervention with a group of Grade 10 learners, aiming to bring gendered and sexual norms to visibility, to trouble them (thereby promoting participants’ critical consciousness around gendered norms), and to provide recognition for participants in a variety of subject positions. Ten sessions were conducted, with the focus of each session being planned by the group. The action research project attempted to promote understandings of the processes required to facilitate such aims. The dialogical format of the group generated curiosity and engagement, and there were suggestions that some participants were taking up safe-sex messages in a reflexive manner. A partial normalisation of some ‘hidden’ aspects of sex, particularly around issues pertaining to female sexuality, was enabled, and critical consciousness around the gendered inequities in ‘cheating’ was promoted. However, abstinence was relatively silenced, and male same-sex remained heavily stigmatised. No substantial action component beyond the group meetings was generated. Participant feedback indicated that they placed great value on the dialogical processes in the group, and that they enjoyed being able to talk about sexual and other personal aspects of their lives. I theorise that the value of the group was in the recognition that participants received as they were positioned in a variety of subject positions. Whilst dialogue was shown to be extremely valuable, there were suggestions that other, non-dialogical modes of recognition were also needed by participants.
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Günther, Swen. "Smart Living: Industry Research Project Week 2018." HTW Dresden, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35867.
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Jeter, Andrew L. "High school peer tutor alumni research project." Thesis, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10242959.
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<p> This study examines the perceived intellectual and dispositional takeaways for high school alumni who had been peer tutors in their secondary context. The research question which drove this study was, “What abilities, values, and skills do tutors develop from their experience as peer tutors and how, if at all, have they used those abilities, values, and skills in their lives beyond high school?” The findings come from the completed surveys of 63 high school tutor alumni who all tutored at a large, public suburban high school with a diverse population, and who represent a cross-section of the school’s population. The survey was adapted from one made available by the Peer Writing Tutor Alumni Research Project (PWTARP), a national project which seeks to better understand the developmental process of students who engage in the work of peer tutoring during their undergraduate university experience. I collected this data between 2010 and 2013 in my role as the program coordinator and although I knew these tutors very well, their responses were anonymous. Participants named 25 skills, abilities, and values they developed. Participants also indicated, through the survey’s four Likert-scale questions, that they found their tutor experiences were important or influential to their development after high school. This study used the grounded theory method of initial and focused coding for analysis of the data generated by the survey’s open-ended responses. These responses generated 180 pages of text. During the analysis 132 initial codes were applied to 2,231 excerpts from the survey responses. The 132 initial codes were grouped into 34 focused codes. These focused codes were further consolidated into 11 categories that describe the learned skills, innate abilities, and developed values of respondents. These analytic categories are descriptive in nature and constitute the major findings of this study. These categories include writing, reading, collaboration, adaptability, patience, perseverance, confidence, maturity, leadership, bravery, and joie de vivre.</p>
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Davison, N., and N. Lewer. "Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Research Report No. 4." University of Bradford, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3973.
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yes<br>Non-lethal weapons (NLWs) are explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or material whilst minimising collateral damage to property and the environment. Existing NLWs include rubber and plastic bullets, entangling nets, chemical sprays such as OC and CS gas, and electrical stunning devices such as the `Taser¿ gun. New NLWs are on the way, which will include acoustic and microwave weapons, non-lethal landmines, malodorants, and sophisticated weapons developed through rapid advances in neuroscience and the genomics revolution. Most analysts would agree that there is a `legitimate¿ role for non-lethal weapons, both for civil and military applications. However there is considerable disagreement as to the operational effectiveness of NLWs, and the threat such weapons pose to arms conventions and international law. As usual, a balance has to be achieved where the benign advantages of developing and deploying non-lethal weapons are not outweighed by their more malign effects.
In particular, emerging non-lethal technologies offer an increasing opportunity for the suppression of civil dissent and control of populations ¿ these are sometimes referred to as the `technologies of political control¿. There is a continuing need for sustained and informed commentary to such developments which highlights the impact and threats that these technologies pose to civil liberties and human rights.
Because the last BNLWP Report was produced in August 2001, this edition is somewhat longer than usual so that key developments since then can be highlighted and summarised. Future BNLWRP reports will be published three times a year, and we welcome material to be considered for inclusion.
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Davison, N., and N. Lewer. "Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Research Report No. 5." University of Bradford, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3997.
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yes<br>Two recent detailed reports, by the U.K Northern Ireland Office (NIO) - January 2004 1 and the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) - February 2004 2, provide further insights into current policy and technology developments in the U.K. and U.S.
The NIO report is the 4th and final report of a U.K wide Steering Group set up by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in Summer 2000, with the objective:
To establish whether a less potentially lethal alternative to baton rounds is available; and to review the public order equipment which is presently available, or could be developed, in order to expand the range of tactical options available to operational commanders. 3
In her foreword to the report Jane Kennedy, Minister of State for Northern Ireland notes that:
Despite a protracted and international search for a commercially available product, we have been unable to find anything that meets the criteria of an acceptable, potentially less lethal alternative to the baton round currently in service which provides an effective capability that does not expose officers and the public to greater risk in violent public disorder.4
The NIO Report has sections looking at the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) programme on the development of less lethal technologies (particularly the Attenuating Energy Projectile and the Discriminating Irritant Projectile); commercial off the shelf product evaluations and update (12 Gauge Sock Round Assessment); Water Cannon; the U.K. use of less lethal technologies (with a focus on L21A1 baton rounds, CS sprays and the Taser). The report also contains a section entitled `The Management of Conflict¿ which discusses the dynamics of crowd behaviour. For a critical response to the NIO report see that from Dr. Brian Rappert.5
The CFR report provides a strong endorsement for non-lethal weapons. A key finding states:
Wider integration of nonlethal weapons into the U.S. Army and Marine Corps could have reduced damage, saved lives, and helped to limit the widespread looting and sabotage that occurred after the cessation of major conflict in Iraq. Incorporating NLW capabilities into the equipment, training and doctrine of the armed services could substantially improve U.S. effectiveness in conflict, post-conflict, and homeland defense. 6
Interestingly, in describing the nonlethal capability sets (NLCS) which have been deployed in Kosovo and Iraq, and which help to provide a continuum of force between ¿don¿t shoot¿ and ¿shoot¿ 7, the CFR seems to distinguish between NLWs (rubber balls [grenades and shotgun munitions], bean bags, riot shields, Tasers, net entanglers, and caltrops), and equipment such as flash-bang grenades, laser dazzlers, and bullhorns of which it states ¿It is important to note that these are not weapons but non-lethal capabilities¿ 8
The CFR recommends expanded deployment of NLWs in the armed services, longer ranges for non-lethal payloads using precision delivery and fusing systems, and further development of millimetre-wave area-denial system (HPM weapons such as VMADS) and the advanced tactical laser (ATL). The report also argues for the need to have a bigger Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD) or a new Non-lethal Joint Program Office (NLJPO) and for
Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP) ¿ Research Report 5 (May 2004)
2
closer links with the Joint Forces Command (JFCOM). In the opinion of the authors the JNLWD should also have more access into classified programmes throughout all branches of the armed services so as not to duplicate non-lethal development initiatives.
To stimulate incorporation of NLWs throughout the U.S. Armed Services the CFR advocates two approaches: (1) top-down planning in the Defense department and (2) creation of demand for these [NLWs] weapons from the field as personnel gain experience with prototype equipment. 9 They argue there is a need for the top-level military and civilian leadership to be educated about NLW capabilities, not only for warfighting and peacekeeping, but also in `homeland defence in isolating a hot zone in the aftermath of a biological attack' 10.
We will be referring again to both the NIO and CFR publications in other sections of this report.
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Davison, N., and N. Lewer. "Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Research Report No. 6." University of Bradford, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3998.
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yes<br>New non-lethal technologies (weapons and delivery systems) continue to make the news, both for their civil and military applications. Technologies which were considered to be in the realm of science fiction a few years ago, are now beginning to undergo field trials or, in some cases, are being deployed with police and soldiers on active service. As this, and our previous reports have highlighted, the development of acoustic weapons (Long Range Acoustic Device) and microwave weapons (Active Denial System) have proceeded rapidly as have advances in robotic, unmanned vehicles for the delivery of both lethal and non-lethal weapons. We repeat our concern that there is a danger of these new non-lethal technologies being `rushed¿ into service (1) without thorough testing for harmful health effects, (2) without a deeper consideration of civil and human rights, (3) without full discussion of their impact on arms control treaties and conventions, and (4) without further study of their social and cultural impact. Since many such weapons will have a rheostatic capacity along the non-lethal to lethal continuum, it is important that weapons developers and manufacturers, and those charged with the responsibility of using them, are held clearly accountable and have transparent rules of engagement. Of particular concern are a new generation of biological and chemical weapons. With respect to the health impact, NATO has a panel working on NLW human effects, the Human Factors and Medicine (HFM) Panel 073, which is due to report later this year (2004) on the Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies.1
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Davison, N., and N. Lewer. "Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Research Report No. 7." University of Bradford, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3999.
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yes<br>The length of this Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project Report No.7 again reflects
the interest related to non-lethal weapons from academics, research institutes, policy makers,
the police and the military.
A number of reports, particularly concerning the Taser electro-shock weapon, have been
published from these sectors since our last BNLWRP Report No.6 in October 2004. Some,
such as the Amnesty International (U.S. and Canada) have again raised, and stressed, the
concerns about the safety of the weapon and the number of deaths associated with its use.
Others, such as the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Human Effects Center of Excellence
(HECOE), Human Effectiveness and Risk Characterization of the Electromuscular
Incapacitation Device ¿ A Limited Analysis of the TASER. (March 2005) concluded that the
Taser was relatively safe, but that further research was needed into potential bio-effects, and
for continual development into a safer weapon. Reaction to these reports was mixed. Some
US legislators called for limitations on the use of Tasers, more accountability, and the
detailed recording of incidents in which they were used.1 Others called for a ban on their use
until more testing was carried out regarding their potentially harmful effects. A number of US
police forces stopped the use of Taser, slowed down the deployment and ordering of the
weapons, reviewed their rules of engagement and reporting, and revisited their operational
guidelines. The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) published the Electro-
Muscular Disruption Technology (EMDT). A Nine-Step Strategy For Effective Deployment.
(April 2005) as a response to these growing concerns. Certain elements of the media,
especially The Arizona Republic2 and others, took a hostile view of what they considered the
scandal of the number of deaths and associated serious injuries caused by the Taser. Taser
International challenged allegations that their weapon was directly responsible for these
deaths and quoted reports, such as the Madison Police Department report (February 2005),
the study by McDaniel, W & Stratbucker, R & Nerheim, M & Brewer, J. Cardiac Safety of
Neuromuscular Incapacitating Defensive Devices (January 2005), and the U.K. DOMILL
Statement (March 2005) to support their view. The controversy continues.
Other than Tasers, there are still few reports of the newer non-lethal technologies actually
being deployed in operations. The exception to this is the Long Range Acoustic Device
(LRAD), which is now in widespread use in Iraq. Little additional information has appeared
regarding the `active denial¿ weapon we have described in previous reports.
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Davison, N., and N. Lewer. "Bradford Non-Lethal Weapons Research Project (BNLWRP). Research Report No. 8." University of Bradford, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4000.
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yes<br>In the UK at present Taser electrical stun weapons can only be used by trained firearms
officers in situations where the use of firearms is also authorised. But the Association of
Chief Police Officers (ACPO) is asking for these `non-lethal¿ weapons to be made more
widely available to other police officers. If this is agreed there will be significant implications
for the use of force by police in the UK. In July 2005 the Home Office Minister, Hazel
Blears, had stated that the Taser was a dangerous weapon and not appropriate for wider use.
The rationale behind the deployment of `non-lethal¿ or `less-lethal¿ weapons, such as the
Taser, is to provide police officers with an alternative to lethal force for dangerous and lifethreatening
situations they face. Wider availability of such weapons should, it is argued,
further limit the need to resort to lethal firearms and thereby reduce incidence of serious
injury and death. Over the past few months senior police officers have issued public
statements that the Taser weapon should be made available to all officers on the beat. They
argue that because police are facing dangerous individuals on an everyday basis, the Taser is
required to protect their officers and deal with violent offenders without having to call in a
firearms unit in certain situations. A crucial point about this proposal is that it would
represent a scaling up in the `visible¿ arming of police officers in the UK. It is claimed by
opponents that such an extended use of Taser would actually result in an increase in the level
of force used by police in the UK, a concern also echoed by the Independent Police
Complaints Committee (IPCC) in the minute of their 27 April 2005 `Casework and
Investigations Committee¿ meeting.
27
Xu, Jun. "Research on the post-PKS modification steps of rifamycin B biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11532.
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Pereyra, Carlos Alberto. "A project selection model for swine research evaluation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ33259.pdf.
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Dearden, Jackie. "Introducing facilitated communication training : an action research project." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11136/.
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Background: Facilitated Communication Training (FCT) is a controversial approach to supporting people with severe communication difficulties. It is one method of supporting Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC). It has the potential for enabling people with severe language impairments to access communication aids. The local education authority had experience of enabling a non-verbal young person with cerebral palsy who uses FCT to access mainstream education and were open to exploring whether other young people could benefit from this support. Aims: To explore ways of introducing FCT within the local authority in order to enhance the communication of young people who had been identified as not having had access to the means of reaching their communication potential. Method: An action research approach resulted in the implementation of a pilot project. AAC/FCT was introduced to a group of seven pupils and the adults who support them through a training and support programme. A case study methodology was used to analyse the outcomes for pupils and adults. Results: Action research was found to support the introduction of FCT. Some pupils showed significant gains through access to AAC/FCT. The majority of adults reported changes in their knowledge, use and attitudes towards AAC/FCT. Many attributed this to an increased belief in pupils' potential. Conclusions: Action research is an effective process in supporting change. There is a theoretical basis for explaining why FCT supports some pupils. The discourse used to describe FCT could be further supported by using theories that take account of context (mediated learning and activity theory) and could contribute to changing the negative historical and socio-cultural discourse associated with FCT. An effective training and ongoing support programme lead to changes in adults' practise.
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VanEvery, Joanne. "Anti-sexist living arrangements : a feminist research project." Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386026.
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Dodds, Penny. "Pre-therapy and dementia : an action research project." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2008. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/173a5ae6-3333-485d-afa2-50884369b64d.
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This study explores the introduction of an approach called Pre-Therapy to staff working with people with dementia. Pre-Therapy contributes to the existing range of therapeutic approaches which aim to engage with the subjective experience of the world of people with dementia who have severe difficulty communicating. Pre-Therapy aims to facilitate engagement and create relationships with people who are traditionally seen as beyond contact or out of reach. The approach involves using contact reflections. The worker reflects back to the person their words, facial expressions, actions and surroundings. Until now, the application of Pre-Therapy to dementia care has not been explored in depth. An Action Research process examined the research question - What happens when staff learn and use Pre-Therapy contact reflections with people with dementia? The question involved three aspects: the response of people with dementia to contact work, the use of contact work by staff, and the learning process undergone by staff. Underpinned by values of inclusion, participation, democracy and collaboration, the study demonstrates joint inquiry and cyclical exploration. The research process involved self-participation, participation with health care staff and engagement with an expert community (The International Pre-Therapy Network). The entire research process spanned five years. Eleven staff in three residential settings participated as colearners for 18 months of the process. Located in the real world context, the study accommodated organisational flux, service instability and changes of personnel in a climate of modernization and reorganisation. Data were generated through observation, which included 14 hours of video recordings of interactions, and ongoing dialogue with health care staff and the expert community. The analytic process accompanied the research activity, using comparative analysis and Schatzman's Dimensional Analysis. Findings indicate that Pre-Therapy Contact Work has the potential to add to existing approaches in dementia care, facilitating greater self-expression of the experience of the subjective world of the person with dementia and promoting greater communication with workers. However, minor adaptations of the approach are indicated. Despite the apparent simplicity, contact work challenged staff. Barriers to learning and using contact work arose from intrapersonal, interpersonal and contextual factors. Factors which mediated the learning and use of contact work led to the emergence of a theoretical model of the emotional management of interactions. Resting on theories of constructed role identities, the model contains two contrasting positions: the emotional custodian and the emotional container. The thesis proposes that the model may be part of an underlying social process around maintaining emotional social order in interactions with people with dementia. In turn, this may help understand difficulties workers face when engaging in the emotional world of people with dementia and enacting values of being person-centred which are inherent in the policy and literature.
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Günther, Swen. "Next Practice Profile: Industry Research Project Week 2018." HTW Dresden, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35868.
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Haga, Thorsten. "Visual Analysis of Swedish Research Council's Project Database." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21681.
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A human can understand data visualizations easier than reading the source .The goal of this thesis is to support the user with an application to fulfill this problem, so he is able to cope with the data and also filter it for his interests. This thesis aims to visualize projects of the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet) supported by the latest web technologies. The visualizations, which will be created from the projects, are interactive, so the user is able to select a single university and their faculties by years and other categories. The application is quite transparent, so it is conceivable that it also fits in most organisations or firms who want to analyse their departments project budgets.The web application is built with the newest Hypertext Markup Language Standard (HTML5) and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS3). A large part of the application was programmed with the help of the new Toolkitfrom the Google family which is called Google Web Toolkit.
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McGinley, Susan. "Demonstration Project for Navajo Sheep Producers." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622351.
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Lokteff, Maegan. "Global Quality Change Through the Baby Steps Project for Infant and Toddler Child Care Programs in Rural and Urban Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3082.
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High quality infant and toddler (IT) child care has repeatedly been linked to better outcomes for children. However, in the U.S., IT child care has also been plagued by poor quality. Using a mixed-methods design, the purpose of this study was to provide an indepth explanation of quality change in IT classrooms and the myriad of factors that contribute to higher quality. Framed in an ecological model that views quality as the product and interaction of process, structural, and caregiver characteristics, this study addressed the impact of a variety of variables on quality change. The sample was comprised of 86 classrooms nested within 48 centers that participated in Baby Steps, a quality improvement project administered by the Utah Office of Child Care. Quantitative data included ITERS-R scores, wages, turnover, capacity, geographic location, and parent fees collected between 2003 and 2010 as part of the Baby Steps Project. Seven center directors completed semi-structured interviews that provided an insider perspective on their perceptions of the barriers and contributors to improved quality. A mixed model analysis was used to examine quality change over time. Results indicate that classroom quality scores (as measured by the ITERS-R) did increase by the second year of participation in Baby Steps; however, subsequent years of participation did not lead to significantly higher scores. Specialized training also appears to contribute to higher quality but high turnover was associated with lower quality programs. Non-urban programs appeared to be especially receptive to the intervention. Center directors echoed these findings and spoke to the
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Vessup, Vassar Jean. "A critical theory research project: A program evaluation of the blueprint for volunteer diversity project." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1150.
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Dempsey, Jennifer. "Fighting falls with action research: a practice development project." University of Tecnnology, Sydney. Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/371.
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Nurses espouse a caring ethic and demonstrate effectiveness in prevention of patient falls but are often observed taking risks with patients’ safety. These actions reflect poor congruence between espoused values and behaviours. Attitudes, values and involvement in decision- making are factors that influence work behaviours. Nurses’ attitudes are held to be a definitive factor in prevention work; however, few studies have focused on adherence with best practice principles of fall prevention. Yet nurses claim no authority to change their work. It was assumed that increased adherence would be achieved by improving nurses’ attitudes through participation in decision- making surrounding fall prevention practice. This study aimed to tes t this assumption by empowering nurses working in two medical wards with high numbers of patient falls to improve their ownership of practice by utilising critical social theory and action research. Nurses’ attitudes, including self-esteem, professional values and work satisfaction were established before and after a practice development project using action research. Mixed methods were employed by praxis groups meeting fortnightly for a year reflecting on, and re-engineering practice. Action research occurred in cycles focusing on assessment, communication, everyday work, and performance. Nurses’ work was re-organised to gain time to spend in prevention work. Patients’ environments were made safer and more patient-centred. New and effective ways of assessing risk to fall, communication of risk and monitoring nurses’ performance of prevention work were created and evaluated. Analysis demonstrated that nurses had good self-esteem and professional values but were not satisfied with their work. Self-esteem and professional values were unaffected by participation in work-related decisions however, nurses expressed increased sense of ownership, more satisfaction and were observed to engage in more prevention work. In conclusion, manipulation of attitudes and values is not warranted if attitudes and values are good. However, participation in work-related decision- making engages practitioners and leads to greater congruence between values and behaviour. The “unspoken rules” constraining practice that were exposed in the action research oblige nurses to assume authority, confronting and dispelling these constraints to enable more therapeutic care to emerge. Recommendations include promoting practice development as the preferred means for cultural change and improving person-centred care whilst recognising its fragile nature and dependence on clinical leadership.
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Huang, Enzhen. "A simulation research framework for concurrent engineering project management." Thesis, Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/gsetd/2005/huang/HuangE0505.pdf.
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In concurrent engineering, project tasks usually are interdependent among each other. Iterations, which are required for the interdependent tasks, make traditional PERT/CPM not applicable for the estimation of the project completion time. In addition, carrying out a large scaled project in a dynamic environment has to deal with various factors throughout the entire project life cycle. When estimating the project completion time, previous research often focused on one subject of interests and assumed the other factors causing little effects on the overall project duration. The objective of this thesis is to develop a simulation research framework to help estimate the project completion time and analyze the major factors that affect the estimation for complex concurrent engineering projects. The framework consists of three major components: 1) Data Collection, where the needed data for simulation are prepared including project task structure, task relations, and quantified team member characteristics; 2) Simulation, where tasks are dynamically assigned to the appropriate members/engineers according to each member\'s knowledge level to the task, teamwork capability, work schedule availability, and learning curve improvement; and 3) Data Analysis, where significant factors to the project completion time are studied by the ANOVA analysis based on the simulation results. According to the findings from the ANOVA, heuristic rules are developed to improve the performance of task-member assignments. The effectiveness of the research framework, the simulation model and the heuristics is demonstrated by an illustrative example.
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Aveiga, Fernando. "Effectiveness evaluation of the Hispanic Workforce Research Project (HWRP)." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Valiathazhel, James Daniel. "Science for all - myth or reality?: a research project." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004391.
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Abstract: Transformation at a historically disadvantaged technikon in South Africa : a research project: South Africa is in the seventh year of democracy. During the first term of office, the ANC government proposed radical shift from the system(s) of education that was/were in existence in this country. A change in the education system in South Africa was inevitable. The ANC government have realised the need and proposed plans for a change in the education system in this country. We might be able to overcome the inequalities of the past and have an education system relevant for all South Africans that promote an equal opportunity for success as envisaged by Outcomes Based Education (OBE). This research project, using a qualitative case study methodology, reports on the readiness of Border Technikon in implementing Outcomes Based Education (OBE) as a teaching/lecturing strategy. Since 1998 Border Technikon organised a series of staff training workshops to empower the academic staff in Outcomes Based Education. A preliminary study on the topic was conducted during 1999, in which questionnaires (to 16 academic staff) and semi-structured interviews (with three academic staff) were used to collect data. During 2000, when the second and final round of this study was conducted semistructured interviews were employed with 4 staff members to gather data. Literature review and document analysis was also part of the research. The analysis of data indicated that the very nature of most of the Technikon Programmes demands an OBE approach in teaching/lecturing and hence OBE based teaching/lecturing is largely practised at Border Technikon. However a few areas of concerns were identified. Some of these concerns were: (i) Technikon employed academic staff (from industry, etc...) with no professional qualification in teaching and it was difficult to provide OBE training to such people and (ii) lack of sufficient support from the Technikon Management might be a cause for the poor attendance of academic staff during the training programme. Another aspect emerged from the data analysis was that all academic staff participated in this study expressed the need for further training in OBE and related topics. Abstract: Science for all - myth or reality?: Different educational projects around the world have made Scientific Literacy a world-wide concern. This study through a literature review shows that Scientific Literacy is a term that has many definitions and interpretations. This literature review reveals that, in the present system Science for All is a myth for various reasons. Governments around the world in general, and South Africa in particular, are in the process of introducing different projects such as the Year of Science and Technology (YEAST), science week and science exhibitions for the purpose of popularising science and technology. The Department of Education in Thailand has modified its education system to accommodate Science for All. In this literature review among other issues the status quo in South African science education and the Thailand model were examined. A few recommendations to achieve Science for All are also included in this project. Abstract: Developing and evaluating the use of learning material in science - a constructivist approach towards learning Newton's laws : a research project: The Government of National Unity in 1994 introduced a new educational policy for South Africa. This represented a shift in paradigm from a transmission mode of teaching and learning to a learner-centred education. The shift marks a transformation from a content-based curriculum to an Outcomes Based Education (OBE). Various authors found that different sections in the Physical Science syllabus in South Africa are often misunderstood by students for different reasons. One of the reasons was that students had their own ideas about laws of nature and these (mis)conceptions were resistant to change. From the literature and from the author's personal experience it was found that Bodies in Motion is a topic that is difficult to conceptualise by students of different age groups. The challenge facing educators is how to tackle this issue. In this research project a diagnostic test is developed and used to identify the topics where students have conceptual problems. To address these problem areas further, concept sheets/work sheets where developed and implemented. The different challenges and tasks given in the work sheets/learning material are organised in such a way as to make the students aware of their own ideas about Bodies in Motion in general and the key-concepts in particular and also to make them aware of the ideas of their peers (group members). It was also aimed at offering the learners the scientific alternative to their own beliefs. At the end, it was discovered that, even though the general understanding of the learners has improved in this topic (namely, Bodies in Motion), their original beliefs were largely unaffected. It is the hope of the researcher that the project would be the basis for further research on the development of learning material in science.
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黃鴻昌. "STEP Application Research for MOEA Science and Technology Project Data Management." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65478759286252876620.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>工業工程研究所<br>85<br>The Ministry of Economic Affairs Science and Technology Projects (MOEA S&T Projects) carry the mission of developing critical science and technology, and extending R&D results for industrial applications. Every year, there are more than eighty MOEA S&T projects conducted by more than twenty organizations. The administrative loading is huge and influences the results of projects significantly. To reduce the loading and speed up the practical applications of R&D results, this research focuses on standardizing (i.e. minimizing the change of) the management for engineering data of the MOEA S&T Projects by introducing Continuous Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) strategy and STEP data model. Following the CALS strategy, Standard for Exchange of Product model data (STEP), a standard set by International Organization for Standardization (ISO), is adopted to form the neutral data models for integration and management of product data. After the definition of data models, some data for an electronic scale R&D project are used as an example. Also an engineering data translation test has been conducted using the 3D data provided by ACIS and AutoCAD. The goal of this research is to improve the management and the dissemination of MOEA S&T Projects.
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SHIH, HSIAO-CHUN, and 施曉君. "An Action Research of Using Scaffolding Strategies to Teach Two-Step Addition/ Subtraction Word Problems for Third-graders in the Mathematics Remedial Project." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5vwd3k.
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碩士<br>國立臺中教育大學<br>教育學系課程與教學碩士在職專班<br>105<br>This study aimed to explore how the teacher guided students to using scaffolding strategies to solving two-step addition/subtraction word problems, recorded to the challenges and the solution process during this action research and the reflections of the teacher during the research process were explored in this paper as well.
The instruction was divided into two phases, one-step addition/subtraction word problems and two-step addition/subtraction word problems. The three participants were third graders in the researcher’s mathematics remedial class. All sixteen sections of instruction were conducted by video-recorded, students’ worksheets, anecdote records, interviews and researcher’s reflections. During the process, the instruction was adjusted through reflections.
The results were as following:
1.Using specific operation scaffolding strategy with students’ familiar contexts and experiences could benefit students not only understanding the meaning of word problems but also finding problem-solving strategies.
2.Using drawing scaffolding strategy benefited students to generate problem-solving strategies. However, students of low achievement still need researchers to set up an eagle frame.
3.Segmentation strategy can help students to develop the habit of thinking about the topic, and then to prevent students from solving the problem by using keywords.
4.After using metacognitive scaffolding strategy, students can self-monitor problem-solving process, and improve their correct rate of problem-solving.
5.Remedial project students’ learning difficulties in the first step strategy, may use a clear, operational strategy, to improve their learning effects.
6.To externalize important messages by marks or symbolic strategy may help students to focus on important messages in the word problems.
The implications of findings are discussed and recommendations are proposed for the practitioners and future researches.
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Chang, Chris, and 張訓榮. "The research of multi-steps deployment for transnational company's eBusiness system." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61943442137174920925.
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碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>企業管理學系碩士在職專班<br>90<br>In this fast changing Internet business environment, all the enterprises have to face the a problem: how to adjust company structure and the way doing business to cope with the variable unpredictable global competition. After we enter WTO, we have to not only face the difficulty of economy slow down, but also bear the pressure from global competition. Hence, under the trend of “being a internet enterprise”, all the enterprises need to adjust the business goals and strategies to catch up with the real world. And eBusiness is the key for enhancing business core competence.
The major companies in the world now are aware of the importance of eBusiness strategies. Among the eBusiness enterprise, most of the strategies focused on Enterprise Resource Planning, and then are the Customer Relationship Management, Knowledge Management, corporate’s web site, and eCommerce System.
Due to the limitation of manpower and resources, the above will be conducted based on the urgency of necessity to the enterprise. To those transnational companies, the challenge is how to build up the system to each branch office around the world. The purpose of this study is to develop a procedure and method (Numismatic Model) for building up eBusiness system into transnational companies and their branch offices in a effective and efficient way. So the enterprise can be transformed into a more competitive one among their competitors.
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Bettany, Shona M. M., and H. Woodruffe-Burton. "Steps towards transformative consumer research practice: a taxonomy of possible reflexivities." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4159.
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No<br>The aim of ACR 2005 has been articulated by the organisers as the promotion and dissemination of consumer research `for¿ consumers. This call asks for transformative consumer research raising the issue that `Historically, the organization¿s research has been impelled by the theoretical and substantive interests of academics¿. It is on this point that this paper acts to transform arguing that a transformative ethic should be enacted though consumer research praxis. To achieve this it presents worked examples of the practice of reflexivity in consumer research developing a taxonomy of `possible reflexivities¿, and discusses their possibilities for transformation of the consumer research process.
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Guo, Guan-De, and 郭冠德. "The Research for Music Beat Tracking and Dance Steps Detection System." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34473401939556155960.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>工學院聲音與音樂創意科技碩士學位學程<br>103<br>Dancing exactly on the beat of a performance is one of the important issues for a dancer. A method is proposed in this thesis for music beat tracking analysis from an energy perspective and a dance step detection system is connected to capture the movement of the dancer. The dancer’s dance step information is compared with the music beats to check if the dancer is dancing on the beat. The paper can help dancers overcome difficulties on beat problems objectively and accurately. In this thesis, we choose Waltz and Tango for testing since the movements of the two dancing styles are more obvious and popular. The recognition rate of the beat tracking is over 87% , the recognition rate of tempo is over 90%. Finally, we analyze the experiment data and proved that our system works well and the theory matches the experiment data.
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Hohmann, Susanna. "Felt PET: A material research project." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/17857.
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Wool has long been used by nomadic Mongolian herds-people as a cladding for their traditional dwellings and as a material for crafting everyday objects. A moldable, lightweight material into which other materials and forms can easily be embedded, wool felt has a distinct aesthetic and an inviting tactile duality. The Felt PET project challenges urban dwellers to see that material/structural innovations and strategic spatial effects can be produced from wool felt.
The claddings I propose are designed around common activities and events. They intentionally shift between addressing the body and the architectural interior spaces the body inhabits. Though handcrafted and idiosyncratic, felting wool can produce claddings whose function and program vary across a continuous surface or landscape. By capitalizing on the enormous potential of wool for producing soft, flexible, portable, innovative, and playful interior environments, I see Felt PET as a viable and critical choice for a contemporary cultural artifact. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Harbour, Malcolm. "Project Evolution, Activities and Research Summary." 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/1616.
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HSUEH, HSUAN, and 薛選. "SCOPAB Research on Land Development Project." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uz483e.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>經營管理碩士在職學位學程<br>106<br>Case study : 17 town renewal plan for 086-0001 stations in Yuan Lin city Chang- Hua county.
Analysis of the problem of SCOPAB
The area belong to the special station fo the station,which is restricted by the provision of its laws and regulations.The current situation does not conform to the economic benefits of the land development of the metropolis,in order to promote the redevelopment and utilization of the land.Improving the quality of the existing environment and driving the needs of regional development,and
improving the regional landscape by combining the urban renewal plan with the surrounding environment.
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Ching, Kuo-Hsien, and 景國憲. "Research on Engineering Contract Dispute Project." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/su2u3z.
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碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>營建工程系碩士專班<br>106<br>Engineering construction can drive economic development. Various projects, whether from domestic tenders or large international tenders, are also being carried out everywhere. Various controversial incidents have also ensued. Modern engineering has a tendency to exhibit a higher complexity. In view of the differences in the difficulty of the relevant projects, the size of the contractors and the quality of the personnel are different, resulting in various types of litigation cases. The low bid prices proffered by vendors are also heard very often. During the performance of the project, the vendors may even request to increase the budget on the grounds that relevant items and other conditions are not recorded in the contract. As a result, there have been many controversies.
This study searches through civil judgments by Taiwan Kaohsiung District Court. The Kaohsiung District Court of Taiwan had made a total of 259 first-instance judgments on civil cases between 1998 and 2017. This study selected the 12 most controversial cases. Among them, the vendors put forward a total of 74 disputed claims.
The disputed claims made by the vendors are related to the project payments. After collating and analyzing the relevant cases, the study finds that the judges believe that the justifiable claims include the following (as shown in Figure 4-2):
1. The vendor has a justifiable reason to raise the claim (regarding completion of the project according to the contract);
2. The owner has a justifiable reason to raise the claim (regarding default penalties).
The judge believes that that the unjustifiable claims include the following (as shown in Figure 4-3):
1. There is no justifiable reason for the vendor to raise the claim (regarding the non-required projects and non-owner’s demands);
2. There is no justifiable reason for the vendor to raise the claim (regarding the items in the original contract);
3. There is no justifiable reason for the vendor to raise the claim (regarding that the owner does not agree to make the payment);
4. There is no justifiable reason for the vendor to raise the claim (regarding that the project does not conform to the contract);
5. There is no justifiable reason for the vendor to raise the claim (regarding no change of circumstances);
6. There is no justifiable reason for the vendor to raise the claim (regarding that the owner has paid for the project);
7. There is no justifiable reason for the vendor to raise the claim (regarding deductions from the project payment);
8. There is no justifiable reason for the vendor to raise the claim (regarding the items that are not recorded in the contractual).
Keywords: Contract/Agreement, Government Procurement Act, Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) Agreement Template, Civil Code
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Liu, Kuan-Pu, and 劉冠甫. "The Research of the Seven Steps of Normalized Object Oreinted Design Class Diagram." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77937784622531124351.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>資訊管理學系<br>104<br>Since the rise of object-oriented programming language, object-oriented system development get more and more attention. Consistency, completeness and correctness of the design class diagram will determine the system success or failure. Currently, entity relationship model and normalization technique for structured system design has developed clear principles and a process steps, but lack of complete discussion for object-oriented system design yet. This paper research object oreiented normalization theories through the object-oriented encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism characteristics, proposed object-oriented principles of first to fourth normal form, and convert the principle into specific seven-step object-oriented design class diagram modeling process which will generate a normalized database, and provide a system operation architecture with object-oriented characteristics.
To complete class normalization study, considering class operation normalization based on the normalized steps of strustured system design, eliminating complex operation to prevent from overlapping functions is proposed in first object normal form. Eliminating common operation to prevent from cross-object-access operation is proposed in second object normal form. Eliminating resemble operation to meet inheritance and polymorphism characteristics is proposed in third object normal form. Eliminating multi-dependent operation to prvent from multivalued dependencies is proposed in fourth object normal form. According to above-mentioned, a clear and concise system design class modeling method is proposed.
Based on the above, the contribution are eliminating multivalue attribute, complex attribute and complex opeartion in the first step, eliminating part dependency, transitive dependency and common operation in the second step, eliminating resemble operation to meet inheritance and polymorphism characteristics in the third step, establishing Class to meet encapsulation characteristics in the fourth and fifth step, eliminating multivalue dependent attribute and multi-dependent operation in the sixth and seventh step, making system design with object-oriented characteristics, achieve consistency, completeness and correctness.