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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stepwise Formation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Stepwise Formation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Stepwise Formation"

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Rolando, Richard J., and Christopher W. Macosko. "Ring formation in linear stepwise polymerization." Macromolecules 20, no. 11 (1987): 2707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00177a013.

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Jin, Joseph Y., and Robert A. W. Johnstone. "Formation of ordered multilayers by stepwise oligomerisation." Journal of Materials Chemistry 1, no. 3 (1991): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/jm9910100457.

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Slepetz, Brad, and Miklos Kertesz. "Divacancies in diamond: a stepwise formation mechanism." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 4 (2014): 1515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp53384k.

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Liu, R., and H. Ochman. "Stepwise formation of the bacterial flagellar system." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 17 (2007): 7116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0700266104.

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Çağlayan, Mustafa O., Filiz Sayar, Gökhan Demirel, et al. "Stepwise formation approach to improve ellipsometric biosensor response." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 5, no. 2 (2009): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2008.12.006.

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Yamada, Yasuyuki, Masa-aki Okada, and Kentaro Tanaka. "Repetitive stepwise rotaxane formation toward programmable molecular arrays." Chemical Communications 49, no. 94 (2013): 11053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc46859c.

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Lee, C. C., M. A. Blank, A. W. Fay, et al. "Stepwise formation of P-cluster in nitrogenase MoFe protein." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 44 (2009): 18474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909149106.

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Kleinfeld, E. R., and G. S. Ferguson. "Stepwise Formation of Multilayered Nanostructural Films from Macromolecular Precursors." Science 265, no. 5170 (1994): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5170.370.

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Roder, Heinrich. "Stepwise helix formation and chain compaction during protein folding." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 7 (2004): 1793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308172101.

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Bons, Paul D., Jens K. Becker, Marlina A. Elburg, and Kristjan Urtson. "Granite formation: Stepwise accumulation of melt or connected networks?" Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 100, no. 1-2 (2009): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569100901603x.

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ABSTRACTSeveral authors have proposed that granitic melt accumulation and transport from the source region occurs in networks of connected melt-filled veins and dykes. These models envisage the smallest leucosomes as ‘rivulets’ that connect to feed larger dykes that form the ‘rivers’ through which magma ascends through the sub-solidus crust. This paper critically reviews this ‘rivulets-feeding-rivers’ model. It is argued that such melt-filled networks are unlikely to develop in nature, because melt flows and accumulates well before a fully connected network can be established. In the alternati

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stepwise Formation"

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Rouse, Jason Hayden. "Stepwise adsorption for the formation of multilayer thin films /." Diss., 2001. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3086976.

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Cheng, Chau-yu, and 鄭朝育. "Stepwise Formation and Self-Assembly Study of Iron Thiolate Rectangular Complexes Bridged by Diisocyanide Ligand." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61874559972076272593.

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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>化學系研究所<br>101<br>This thesis focus on the rectangular tetranuclear iron-sulfur core complexes bridged by diisocyanide ligands. Three diisocyanides were selected as bridging ligands, 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-diisocyanidebenzene (3, 2,5-CH3-1,4-CNC6H2NC), 9,10-diisocyanoanthracene (4, 9,10-CNC14H8NC) and p,p’-diisocyanoxylene (5, 1,4-CNCH2C6H4CH2NC). They react with iron-sulfur core complexes [Cp2Fe2(μ-SEt)2(MeCN)2][BF4]2 (2[BF4]2) to afford corresponding products [Cp2Fe2(μ-SEt)2(2,5-CH3-1,4-CNC6H2NC)2][BF4]2 (6[BF4]2), [Cp2Fe2(μ- SEt)2(9,10-CNC14H8NC)2][BF4]2 (7[BF4]2) and [Cp2Fe2(μ-SEt

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Lin, Pei-Chin, та 林佩瑾. "Redox Control the Cavity of A New Rectangulr Macrocycle Base on Iron-Sulfur Core {Cp2Fe2(μ-SEt)2}: Stepwise Formation and Self-Assembly Study". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42260917437817367229.

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碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>醫藥暨應用化學研究所<br>99<br>A new rectangular tetranuclear iron-sulfur complex [Cp4Fe4(μ-SEt)4(μ-1,4-CNC6H4NC)2](BF4)4 (54+) has been synthesized by the self-assembly reaction between [Cp2Fe2(μ-SEt)2(MeCN)2](BF4)2 (22+) and equimolar amounts of 1,4-diisocyaobenzene, or by stepwise formation via mixing complex [Cp2Fe2(μ-SEt)2(MeCN)2](BF4)2 (22+) and [Cp2Fe2(μ-SEt)2(μ-1,4-CNC6H4NC)2](BF4)2 (42+) in 1:1 molar ratio. The chemical reduction of (54+) by KC8 was examined and afforded (52+) where existence can also be proved by electrochemical method. The syntheses spectroscopic, and elect

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Mathunyane, Lenkwane Henry. "Relationship formation in multicultural primary school classrooms." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18169.

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The research was undertaken to analyse and evaluate the nature and quality of interactions in multicultural primary school classrooms. Special attention was focused on the influence 25 independent variables had on the dependent variable, namely group membership. Literature indicates that warm and nurturant relationships within the family help the child to achieve independence and promote social adjustment outside the home. Literature also reveals that self-acceptance and acceptance of others are dependent on the self-concept, and that acceptability in peer groups is enhanced by charact

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Teixeira, Alberto João Morgado Ribeiro Malafaia. "Analysis and optimization of the Drying process of an aerogel for biomedical applications." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92188.

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Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Biomédica apresentado à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia<br>A produção de scaffolds para engenharia de tecidos é uma área de investigação, cujo interesse tem aumentado ao longo do tempo. A procura de métodos ''verdes'' que promovam tanto processos eficientes a nível energético, como a redução de desperdícios, tem requerido metodologias ótimas e que garantam qualidade. Tomando como inspiração o exemplo de outras indústrias de produção, como a indústria farmacêutica que tem promovido a adoção de abordagens de qualidade pelo design para as

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Book chapters on the topic "Stepwise Formation"

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Montévil, Maël, and Ana M. Soto. "Modeling Organogenesis from Biological First Principles." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38968-9_12.

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AbstractUnlike inert objects, organisms and their cells have the ability to initiate activity by themselves and thus change their properties or states even in the absence of an external cause. This crucial difference led us to search for principles suitable for the study organisms. We propose that cells follow the default state of proliferation with variation and motility, a principle of biological inertia. This means that in the presence of sufficient nutrients, cells will express their default state. We also propose a principle of variation that addresses two central features of organisms, v

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Schwan, A. L. "Stepwise Formation of Two S—C Bonds." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-01094.

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Schwan, A. L. "Stepwise Formation of Two Heteroatom—Carbon Bonds." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Unlike or More than Two Heteroatoms and Fully Unsaturated Larger-Ring Heterocycles. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-017-01115.

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Bons, Paul D., Jens K. Becker, Marlina A. Elburg, and Kristjan Urtson. "Granite formation: Stepwise accumulation of melt or connected networks?" In Sixth Hutton Symposium on The Origin of Granites and Related Rocks: Proceedings of a Symposium held in Stellenbosch, South Africa, 2- 6 July 2007. Geological Society of America, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2010.2472(07).

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Inomata, T. "Stability of Metal Complexes and Ligand Substitution Reactions." In Coordination Chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837673254-00148.

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In this chapter, the necessary basics (solvents, chemical equilibria, and definitions of acids and bases) are briefly explained before the stability of metal complexes and ligand substitution reactions are discussed. Then, the formation and stepwise formation constants, which are indicators of the stability of metal complexes, are explained. The effects of the Irving–Williams series and chelate effects, which are necessary for discussing the stability of metal complexes, are also explained. Finally, ligand substitution reactions are introduced as one of the most typical reactions of metal comp

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de Levie, Robert. "Other ionic equilibria." In Aqueous Acid-Base Equilibria and Titrations. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198506171.003.0005.

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This chapter assesses other ionic equilibria. Many ionic equilibria can be described through formalisms similar to that used for acid-base phenomena. The chapter briefly illustrates this, without going into detail. The successive complexation of metal ions by ligands has many feature in common with the stepwise protonation bases. However, there is one difference: the formation of metal-ligand complexes is typically described in terms of formation constants rather than ligand dissociation constants, where the latter would be the direct analogues of acid dissociation constants. The chapter then

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West, Frederick G., and J. Stephen Clark. "Ammonium, oxonium and sulfonium ylides." In Nitrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur Ylide Chemistry. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198500179.003.0002.

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Abstract Generation of ammonium ylides from tertiary amines and metallocarbenes offers several advantages over other methods. In contrast to stepwise approaches involving initial N-quaternization followed by either deprotonation or desilylation, the carbenoid method furnishes the desired ylide intermediates directly. Moreover, there is no ambiguity as to the site of ylide formation, whereas deprotonation of quaternary ammonium salts may occur at more than one site. On the other hand, carbene-based methods lead to chemoselectivity concerns, as addition to heteroatom lone pairs is only one of ma

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Jones, John. "Strategy and tactics." In Amino Acid and Peptide Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780199257386.003.0007.

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This chapter explains how a coherent plan can be drawn up in order to illustrate the appropriate methods for the synthesis of peptides in many stages. It focuses on peptide bond formation, wherein tripeptides can be assembled from amino acids by two stepwise elongation strategies: [1 + (2 + 3)] and [(1 + 2) + 3]. It also mentions the convergent strategy in tetrapeptides, which condenses amino acids and dipeptide fragments when they are joined together. The chapter refers to attraction in the scope of a fragment condensation strategy that shows the production of a set of related analogues with

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Jackson, M. P. A., and R. R. Cornelius. "STEPWISE CENTRIFUGE MODELING OF THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTARY LOADING ON THE FORMATION OF SALT STRUCTURES." In Dynamical Geology of Salt and Related Structures. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-444170-5.50010-5.

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Koshi, Rachel. "The joints of the lower limb." In Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy Vol 1 General Anatomy, Upper and Lower Limbs, 17th ed., edited by Rachel Koshi. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198923343.003.0023.

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Abstract This chapter describes the knee joint, ankle joint, tibiofibular joint, subtalar joint, talocalcaneonavicular joint, and small joints of the foot. The capsule of the knee joint, patella tendon, and medial and lateral collateral ligaments are described. Intracapsular structures, including the menisci and cruciate ligaments of the knee, and extracapsular ligaments, such as the deltoid ligament of the ankle, the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament, and other ligaments strengthening the ankle and foot joints, are also described. The importance and formation of the arches of the foot and th

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Conference papers on the topic "Stepwise Formation"

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Hoffmeister, Hans. "Modeling of H2S Corrosion by Coupling of Phase and Polarization Behavior." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05476.

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Abstract From experimental evaluation of oil and gas field materials a synergy between the formation of dark sulfide layers and hydrogen supported sulfide stress cracking is frequently reported in literature. The present work describes a first approach to a deterministic H2S-corrosion model for calculation of precipitation of FeS2 together with respective changes of pH at the anodic sites of the assumed corrosion system for pure Fe. The model is based on coupling the calculated anodic polarization curves to the precipitated equilibrium masses of Fe3O4 and FeS2 which in a “closed loop” time ste

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Crolet, Jean-Louis, and Michel R. Bonis. "Revisiting Hydrogen in Steel, Part I : Theoretical Aspects of Charging, Stress Cracking and Permeation." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01067.

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Abstract This article first of all summarizes recent changes in the understanding of hydrogen charging and hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) mechanisms : In a completely unexpected manner, hydrogen charging is found to coexist with significant degassing of the metal towards the corrosive medium. The surface reaction 2 Hads → H2 ➚ is thus extremely rapid, even in sour media. It is therefore in no way inhibited, contrary to former belief.Charging probably involves a cathodic reaction in which a proton is transferred directly from the electrolyte into the metal, without requiring the intermediate fo

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Thorstensen, Eivind Bruun, Atle Helge Qvale, Vebjørn Andresen, Roy Johnsen, and Paal Bratland. "Effect of Heat Treatment and Manufacturing Method on the Susceptibility to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking of UNS N06625." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20899.

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Abstract This paper presents results obtained from examining the effect of heat treatment and production method on the hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC) susceptibility of UNS N06625 (Alloy 625). Five different versions of Alloy 625 were examined: Hot forged material heat treated at 920 °C, 1010 °C and 1100 °C respectively, material produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and material that has been solution annealed and strain hardened (cold worked) at a temperature below secondary phase formation. The different versions of Alloy 625 were initially characterized by identifying the critic

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Jenkins, C. F., and D. L. Doman. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Stainless Steel in a Nuclear Waste Facility." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93172.

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Abstract Corrosion in stainless steel cooling water piping in a nuclear waste processing facility occurred during an extended system lay-up. The failure characteristics indicated microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). The corrosion occurred at welds as pinhole penetrations in the surfaces, which opened into large subsurface void formations. Corrosive attack started in the heat-affected zones of the assembly welds, usually adjacent to fusion lines. Stepwise grinding, polishing, and etching in the affected areas revealed that voids generally grew in the wrought material as uniform, genera

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Szigyártó, Imola Cs, Kristóf Ferentzi, Kamal el Battioui, et al. "Stepwise chemical control in the formation of beta-peptide assemblies." In 37th European Peptide Symposium. The European Peptide Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17952/37eps.2024.p1261.

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Bolelli, G., L. Lusvarghi, M. Barletta, and V. Karhail. "Wear and Corrosion Behavior of HVOF-Sprayed WC-CoCr Coatings on Al Alloys." In ITSC2009, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2009p1163.

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Abstract In this study, WC-CoCr coatings were deposited on an aluminum substrate by HVOF spraying. Layer thicknesses between 50 and 150 μm were achieved by stepwise increase of the number of torch scans. The stepwise method is shown to make the coatings not only thicker, but also denser due to peening effects and changes in the splat formation mechanism. It also explains the incremental improvement in coating hardness and corrosion and wear resistance observed over the first few torch scans, the largest of which occurs between the second and third scans. The coatings are also compared to anodi

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Chau, David S., Patrick E. Phelan, and Byard D. Wood. "Theoretical Modeling of Ice Formation Using Direct Contact Heat Exchange." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1286.

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Abstract Theoretical modeling of a column type of direct contact heat exchanger was performed to predict the refrigerant evaporation and ice formation processes. There are a number of factors influencing the heat transfer rate-dependent evaporation of refrigerant and formation of ice. Among these are the size of the refrigerant droplets as injected, the local temperature and pressure, the heat transfer coefficient, and the temperature difference between the fluids. Differential equations are written for a general location in the flow, which express the conservation of energy and mass for the v

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Hashemi, Abolfazl, Sara Borazjani, Bryant Dang-Le, et al. "Formation Damage by Fines Breakage and Migration." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208810-ms.

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Abstract Fines migration is one of the most drastic causes for formation damage - the detached clays migrate and impairs well productivity. Two types of damaging clays are encountered in petroleum reservoirs: authigenic clays that grew on the grain surfaces during geological times, and detrital clays that have been broken off the grains by local stresses. Detailed laboratory and mathematical modelling have been carried out for detrital-clay formation damage. The theory for formation damage by authigenic clays is not available. The aim of this work is the development of a laboratory procedure t

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Sentinelli, Roberto, Leandro Moreno, Marcelo Pellicer, and Mark Van Domelen. "Early Applications of Viscosifying Friction Reducers for Hydraulic Fracturing Operations in the Vaca Muerta Formation, Argentina." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204171-ms.

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Abstract Early hydraulic fracturing completions in the Vaca Muerta Formation in central Argentina have incorporated the use of conventional fluid systems, such as linear and crosslinked guar-based polymers. Within the past few years, however, the benefits of viscosifying friction reducers (VFR) have been demonstrated in the industry, predominantly within the United States. The objective of this project was to trial the VFR fluid technology in fracturing operations in this area for potential use for full field development. After studying the potential advantages of the VFR technology including

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Haris, A., M. Nafian, and A. Riyanto. "Delineating chalk sand distribution of Ekofisk formation using probabilistic neural network (PNN) and stepwise regression (SWR): Case study Danish North Sea field." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2016 (ISCPMS 2016): Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Current Progress in Mathematics and Sciences 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4991274.

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