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Books on the topic 'Stereotype theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Stereotype threat: Theory, process, and application. New York, N.Y: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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2

Film and stereotype: A challenge for cinema and theory. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011.

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3

Constructing co-cultural theory: An explication of culture, power, and communication. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1998.

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4

Leyens, Jacques Philippe. Stereotypes and social cognition. London: Sage Publications, 1994.

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5

Die verordnete Kultur: Stereotypien der australischen Literaturkritik. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1990.

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6

Stubbs, Margaret L. Sex education and sex stereotypes: Theory and practice. Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women, 1989.

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7

Stubbs, Margaret L. Sex education and sex stereotypes: Theory and practice. Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women, 1989.

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8

J, Doka Kenneth, ed. Men don't cry-- women do: Transcending gender stereotypes of grief. Philadelphia, Penn: Brunner/Mazel, 2000.

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9

Hallam, Julia. Nursing the image: Media, culture, and professional identity. London: Routledge, 2000.

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10

Gans, Evelien, and Remco Ensel, eds. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew'. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089648488.

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This book is the first comprehensive study of postwar antisemitism in the Netherlands. It focuses on the way stereotypes are passed on from one decade to the next, as reflected in public debates, the mass media, protests and commemorations, and everyday interactions. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew' explores the ways in which old stories and phrases relating to 'the stereotypical Jew' are recycled and modified for new uses, linking the antisemitism of the early postwar years to its enduring manifestations in today's world. The Dutch case is interesting because of the apparent contrast between the Netherlands' famous tradition of tolerance and the large numbers of Jews who were deported and murdered in the Second World War. The book sheds light on the dark side of this so-called 'Dutch paradox,' in manifestations of aversion and guilt after 1945. In this context, the abusive taunt 'They forgot to gas you' can be seen as the first radical expression of postwar antisemitism as well as an indication of how the Holocaust came to be turned against the Jews. The identification of 'the Jew' with the gas chamber spread from the streets to football stadiums, and from verbal abuse to pamphlet and protest. The slogan 'Hamas, Hamas all the Jews to the gas' indicates that Israel became a second marker of postwar antisemitism. The chapters cover themes including soccer-related antisemitism, Jewish responses, philosemitism, antisemitism in Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch- Turkish communities, contentious acts of remembrance, the neo-Nazi tradition, and the legacy of Theo van Gogh. The book concludes with a lengthy epilogue on 'the Jew' in the politics of the radical right, the attacks in Paris in 2015, and the refugee crisis. The stereotype of 'the Jew' appears to be transferable to other minorities. Now also available as paperback!
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11

Gans, Evelien, and Remco Ensel, eds. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew'. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986084.

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This book is the first comprehensive study of postwar antisemitism in the Netherlands. It focuses on the way stereotypes are passed on from one decade to the next, as reflected in public debates, the mass media, protests and commemorations, and everyday interactions. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew' explores the ways in which old stories and phrases relating to 'the stereotypical Jew' are recycled and modified for new uses, linking the antisemitism of the early postwar years to its enduring manifestations in today's world. The Dutch case is interesting because of the apparent contrast between the Netherlands' famous tradition of tolerance and the large numbers of Jews who were deported and murdered in the Second World War. The book sheds light on the dark side of this so-called 'Dutch paradox,' in manifestations of aversion and guilt after 1945. In this context, the abusive taunt 'They forgot to gas you' can be seen as the first radical expression of postwar antisemitism as well as an indication of how the Holocaust came to be turned against the Jews. The identification of 'the Jew' with the gas chamber spread from the streets to football stadiums, and from verbal abuse to pamphlet and protest. The slogan 'Hamas, Hamas all the Jews to the gas' indicates that Israel became a second marker of postwar antisemitism. The chapters cover themes including soccer-related antisemitism, Jewish responses, philosemitism, antisemitism in Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch- Turkish communities, contentious acts of remembrance, the neo-Nazi tradition, and the legacy of Theo van Gogh. The book concludes with a lengthy epilogue on 'the Jew' in the politics of the radical right, the attacks in Paris in 2015, and the refugee crisis. The stereotype of 'the Jew' appears to be transferable to other minorities.
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12

Smecca, Paola Daniela. Representational tactics in travel writing and translation: A focus on Sicily. Roma: Carocci, 2005.

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13

Fitzmaurice, James, Naomi Miller, and Sara Steen, eds. Authorizing Early Modern European Women. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727143.

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The essays in this volume analyze strategies adopted by contemporary novelists, playwrights, screenwriters, and biographers interested in bringing the stories of early modern women to modern audiences. It also pays attention to the historical women creators themselves, who, be they saints or midwives, visual artists or poets and playwrights, stand out for their roles as active practitioners of their own arts and for their accomplishments as creators. Whether they delivered infants or governed as monarchs, or produced embroideries, letters, paintings or poems, their visions, the authors argue, have endured across the centuries. As the title of the volume suggests, the essays gathered here participate in a wider conversation about the relation between biography, historical fiction, and the growing field of biofiction (that is, contemporary fictionalizations of historical figures), and explore the complicated interconnections between celebrating early modern women and perpetuating popular stereotypes about them.
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14

Hallam, Julia. Nursing the image: Popular fictions, recruitment and nursing identity 1950-1975. [s.l.]: typescript, 1995.

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15

Schweinitz, J. Film and Stereotype: A Challenge for Cinema and Theory. Columbia University Press, 2011.

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16

Orbe, Mark P. Constructing Co-Cultural Theory: An Explication of Culture, Power, and Communication. Sage Publications, Inc, 1997.

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17

Orbe, Mark P. Constructing Co-Cultural Theory: An Explication of Culture, Power, and Communication. Sage Publications, Inc, 1997.

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18

Bruce, Carter D., ed. Current conceptions of sex roles and sex typing: Theory and research. New York: Praeger, 1987.

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19

Carter. Current Conceptions of Sex Roles and Sex Typing: Theory and Research. Praeger Publishers, 1987.

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20

Naming the Witch: Magic, Ideology, and Stereotype in the Ancient World (Gender, Theory, and Religion). Columbia University Press, 2007.

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21

C, Barfoot C., ed. Beyond Pug's tour: National and ethnic stereotyping in theory and literary practice. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1997.

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22

Puddifoot, Katherine. How Stereotypes Deceive Us. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845559.001.0001.

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Stereotypes sometimes lead us to make poor judgements of other people, but they also have the potential to facilitate quick, efficient, and accurate judgements. How can we discern whether any individual act of stereotyping will have the positive or negative effect? How Stereotypes Deceive Us addresses this question. It identifies various factors that determine whether or not the application of a stereotype to an individual in a specific context will facilitate or impede correct judgements and perceptions of the individual. It challenges the thought that stereotyping only and always impedes correct judgement when the stereotypes that are applied are inaccurate, failing to reflect social realities. It argues instead that stereotypes that reflect social realities can lead to misperceptions and misjudgements, and that inaccurate but egalitarian social attitudes can facilitate correct judgements and accurate perceptions. The arguments presented in this book have important implications for those who might engage in stereotyping and for those at risk of being stereotyped. They have implications for those who work in healthcare and those who have mental health conditions. How Stereotypes Deceive Us provides a new conceptual framework—evaluative dispositionalism—that captures the epistemic faults of stereotypes and stereotyping, providing conceptual resources that can be used to improve our own thinking by avoiding the pitfalls of stereotyping, and to challenge other people’s stereotyping where it is likely to lead to misperception and misjudgement.
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23

Bradley-Geist, Jill C., and James M. Schmidtke. Immigrants in the Workplace. Edited by Adrienne J. Colella and Eden B. King. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199363643.013.12.

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Compared with women and racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants arguably have received less attention from organizational scholars of workplace diversity. Given increased rates of immigration worldwide and increasing societal scrutiny of immigration laws and policies, more research is needed to examine possible stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination faced by immigrants in the workplace. The current chapter reviews existing research related to immigrants specifically and diversity (e.g., contact hypothesis, mixed stereotype content model) more generally. The extant literature is organized using integrated threat theory as a framework to better understand potential precursors of discrimination against immigrants, including symbolic threats (e.g., perceived threats to the culture and language of “natives), realistic threats (e.g., perceived threats to jobs, perceived usage of tax dollars, perceived crime risk), and stereotyping (e.g. the ambivalent stereotypes of immigrants depending on their country of origin). The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research in this area.
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24

Feminism: Perspectives, Stereotypes/Misperceptions and Social Implications. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.

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25

Reimitz, Helmut. Contradictory Stereotypes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199394852.003.0006.

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Entering the postclassical world, this chapter examines what happened when Roman power structures were inhabited by so-called barbarian, do-nothing kings. Focusing in particular on the multilayered depiction of Chilperic I (c. 539–589) in the Histories of Gregory of Tours, the chapter shows that the Merovingian kings are rebuked not only for barbarous and un-Christian behaviors but also, surprisingly, for being ‘too Roman’. These critiques originate with local political and ecclesiastical elites, who feared a destabilizing displacement of their own authority and jurisdiction as the Merovingians strove to centralize their state after the model of Rome. Once again, therefore, foreignness of various kinds becomes the marker of a bad king, this time reflecting the interplay between the complex sociopolitical developments of the sixth century and the Roman imperial tradition.
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26

Olsen, Dale A. Flute Types and Stereotypes. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037887.003.0001.

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This chapter discusses flute classifications and world flute types, their uses, functions, and musical occasions. The flute is an edge-type aerophone, meaning it is any instrument whose sound is produced by an aspirated stream of air that strikes a sharp edge, creating audible sound waves. There are seven categories for aspirated edge-type aerophones, which are referred to as “Olsen categories” in this book: (i) vertical/diagonal tubular flute with ductless, rimmed mouthpiece; (ii) vertical tubular flute with ductless notched mouthpiece; (iii) certical, diagonal, or horizontal tubular flute with duct mouthpiece; (iv) transverse tubular flute with ductless single-hole cross-blown mouthpiece; (v) vertical multiple-tubular flute with ductless rimmed mouthpieces (panpipe type); (vi) globular or vessel flute with ductless, single-hole, cross-blown mouthpiece (ocarina type 1); and (vii) globular or vessel flute with duct mouthpiece (ocarina type 2).
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27

Biernat, Monica, and Amanda K. Sesko. Gender Stereotypes and Stereotyping. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190658540.003.0008.

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This chapter delves into the theoretical and empirical literature on gender stereotypes to describe how gender stereotypes are conceptualized and measured, how these group-level stereotypes affect judgments of and behaviors toward individual women and men, and the implications of those judgments and behaviors for equitable policies and social institutions, such as schools and workplaces. It highlights both the assimilative influence of gender stereotypes, whereby perceivers judge individual women and men consistently with gender stereotypes, and their contrastive influence, whereby stereotypes serving as comparative standards of judgment may produce counterstereotypical outcomes. The importance of context in understanding the effects of stereotypes and the importance of considering gender in combination with other demographic categories are emphasized. The chapter ends with some consideration of self-stereotyping effects.
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28

Swann, Julian. Emptying the Chamber Pot. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198788690.003.0009.

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In popular fiction and many scholarly works, courtiers are represented as masters of the art of dissimulation, cynical and self-serving, ready to turn their backs on anyone who has lost royal favour. This chapter challenges those assumptions by looking at the reaction of family groups and wider networks of friendship or clientele to disgrace. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, families rose and fell as a kinship group, and when confronted by the disgrace of one of their members the collective response was to rally in order to save social, financial, and political status. Friendship too proved far more durable than the stereotype of the courtier might lead us to predict, and by examining the conventions, theory, and actual practice of friendship in times of adversity this chapter offers new insight into noble sociability.
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29

Martin, Terry. Men Don't Cry, Women Do: Transcending Gender Stereotypes of Grief (Series in Death, Dying, and Bereavement). Routledge, 1999.

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30

Quosigk, Ashlee. American Evangelicals. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350175594.

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Ashlee Quosigk explores the diversity of opinion within the largest religious group in the US—Evangelical Christians—on the topic of Islam. Evangelicals are often characterized as monolithically antagonistic toward Muslims. This book challenges that stereotype, exposing the sharp divides that exist among Evangelicals on Islam, and examines why there is division. Drawing on qualitative research on two congregations in the US, as well as on popular Evangelical leaders, this book details the surprisingly diverse views Evangelicals hold on Muhammad, the Qur’an, interfaith dialogue, syncretism, and politics. This research is invaluable for providing a better understanding of what Evangelicals think, and why. The book also offers insight into the problem of why conflict exists and why Evangelicals differ, while advancing culture war theory and qualitative methods. Specifically, it explores differences in moral authority (assumptions that guide one’s perceptions of the world) among Evangelicals and explains how those differences influence their views on Islam. The findings are relevant to religious relations worldwide as everyone appeals to moral authority (for example, orthodox authority such as the Bible or progressivist authority such as intuition) irrespective of their geographic location
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31

Leite, Leonardo Canez. Direito e pesquisa: Um dossiê de artigos científicos - Volume 2. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-230-8.

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Essential to the administration of justice, the lawyer plays a key role in postulating a decision favorable to his constituent and convincing the judge. However, it is common in nature to the formation and performance of bad professionals, who, due to their inconsistent actions or omissions, cause damage, whether material or moral, in the face of claims to be reached by their contractors, forming in the popular imagination a pejorative stereotype regarding the performance. from the lawyer. However, it is part of this area, a very small percentage that denigrate the image of valuable operators of the law. Thus, the Civil Liability of the Lawyer before the Theory of the Loss of a Chance becomes possible, because through misery, lack of knowledge, among others, according to the Brazilian Bar Association, lead the professional services contractor. attorneys to suffer direct or indirect damages, as they see the possibility of obtaining any economic advantage or avoid an injury, given the lost chance. Thus, even if the damage is uncertain, but if concrete probabilities are present, it should be compensated, not for the unwanted end result, but for the mere loss of the chance of achieving it.
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32

Dittmar, Kelly. Navigating Gendered Terrain: Stereotypes and Strategy in Political Campaigns. Temple University Press, 2015.

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33

Navigating Gendered Terrain: Stereotypes and Strategy in Political Campaigns. Temple University Press, 2015.

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34

Pescosolido, Bernice A., and Bianca Manago. Getting Underneath the Power of “Contact”: Revisiting the Fundamental Lever of Stigma as a Social Network Phenomenon. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.16.

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Physical conditions, such as body size, physical deformity, and deafness, elicit stigma, which has emotional, social, and health consequences. Researchers have consistently found that contact with a stigmatized individual can be one of the most powerful tools for dismantling this stigma. Specifically, the contact hypothesis argues that a lack of knowledge about stigmatized others makes it easier to stereotype and discriminate against them. Although the contact hypothesis has been supported in research, this chapter argues that network science offers relevant theory and research that may be instructive for further understanding and contextualizing the contact hypothesis. This chapter suggests that the structure and content of social networks affect stigmatizing attitudes and provide a theoretical basis to examine how individuals who are routinely in “contact” with stigmatized persons (e.g., family members, co-workers, and health professionals) may influence stigma. Finally, the chapter discusses the importance of these insights for anti-stigma campaigns.
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35

Alfano, Mark, LaTasha Holden, and Andrew Conway. Intelligence, Race, and Psychological Testing. Edited by Naomi Zack. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.013.2.

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Philosophers have in recent decades neglected the state of the art on the psychology of intelligence tests as related to racial difference. A major theoretical issue is the measurement invariance of intelligence tests, the fact that blacks, Latinos, women, poor people, and other marginalized groups perform worse than average on a variety of different intelligence tests. But the skepticism now surrounding measurement invariance includes the importance of stereotype threat or the correlation of decreased performance level after test takers are exposed to stereotypes about themselves. Recent research suggests that people’s conceptions of intelligence influence how their own intelligence is expressed. In a study when high school students were informed that intelligence is not an essential or racially determined property, higher grades and better performance in core courses resulted.
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36

Ben-Shalom, Ram. Medieval Jews and the Christian Past. Liverpool University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113904.001.0001.

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The focus in this book is on the historical consciousness of the Jews of Spain and southern France in the late Middle Ages, and specifically on their perceptions of Christianity and Christian history and culture. The book shows that in these southern European lands Jews experienced a relatively open society that was sensitive to and knowledgeable about voices from other cultures, and that this had significant consequences for shaping Jewish historical consciousness. Among the topics discussed are what Jews knew of the significance of Rome, of Jesus and the early days of Christianity, of Church history, and of the history of the Iberian monarchies. The book demonstrates that, despite the negative stereotypes of Jewry prevalent in Christian literature, they were more influenced by their interactions with Christian society at the local level. Consequently, there was no single stereotype that dominated Jewish thought, and frequently little awareness of the two societies as representing distinct cultures. The book demonstrates that in Spain and southern France, Jews of the later Middle Ages evinced a genuine interest in history, including the history of non-Jews, and that in some cases they were deeply familiar with Christian and sometimes also classical historiography. The book enriches our understanding of medieval historiography, polemic, Jewish–Christian relations, and the breadth of interests characterizing Provencal and Spanish Jewish communities.
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37

Feminine Stereotypes and Roles in Theory and Practice in Argentina Before and After the First Lady Eva Peron (Latin American Studies). Edwin Mellen Press, 2001.

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38

Thompson, Katrina Dyonne. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038259.003.0001.

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This book examines the process by which racial stereotypes about blacks developed and were perpetuated in music and dance, and particularly in what it calls onstage and backstage performances. It argues that the history of blacks in entertainment, or more specifically blacks as entertainment, contributed to the construction of race and identity for African Americans. To support this argument, the book goes back to the slave society that fostered the first American entertainment venue to challenge the notion that the minstrel shows constituted the first American entertainment genre. It shows that forced performances during slavery not only served as a means for blacks to construct their identity and retain their cultures, but also played a key role in constructing white stereotypes of blacks. These stereotypes of blacks, the book contends, were a reflection of whites' anxieties and their desire to control black bodies while justifying a deplorable institution of racial slavery.
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39

Native Americans on film: Conversations, teaching, and theory. 2013.

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40

Martin, Jeffrey J. Supercrip Identity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638054.003.0015.

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A common stereotype in the disability literature is known as the supercrip, or someone who overcomes their disability in ways that are often seen by the public as inspiring. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the supercrip identity among athletes in disability sport settings. The supercrip stereotype has been criticized as portraying athletes with disabilities as overcoming or defeating their disability via heroic efforts. Often the accomplishments they are praised for are superior gold-medaling winning performances, but more mundane tasks such as going shopping are also praised. Excessive praise for engaging in everyday activities is thought to reflect low expectations about what a person with a disability can do. Many individuals view their impairment as part of their identity and not something to overcome or defeat. Supercrip-related praise for Paralympians can unrealistically raise expectations for all people with disabilities, including many who cannot do many of the things athletes with disabilities can do. The chapter discusses reasons for the supercrip identity, whether it is inspiring, and nuanced commentaries on the supercrip identity by academics, coaches, and athletes in disability sport.
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41

Valentino, Nicholas A., and L. Matthew Vandenbroek. Political Communication, Information Processing, and Social Groups. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.56.

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This chapter discusses the notion that the mass media influence political attitudes and behaviors by activating group identities and thus stoking group conflicts. Three domains of influence are examined: (1) group cues altering perceptions of group members by changing beliefs, stereotypes, or attitudes; (2) mass media altering the salience of preexisting beliefs and stereotypes; and (3) group cues triggering emotions that lead to changes in information processing and the willingness to take political risks. The chapter argues that while mass media effects are often subtle and require sophisticated methods to detect, they can under certain circumstances powerfully influence information processing and decision making.
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42

Davé, Shilpa S. “Running from the Joint”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037405.003.0007.

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This chapter examines how the sequel film Harold and Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay (2008) establishes Harold and Kumar as patriotic, racialized American citizens who are able to question American federal policy towards outsiders and regional stereotypes in the south in a post-9/11 heightened-security era. Harold and Kumar become the characters that the audience roots for. As in the first film, an Indian accent is not a performative characteristic or object. What is notable is that Harold and Kumar are “accent-less,” so their racial position does not define them. They do not act as cultural objects. In the world of the second film, however, government officials focus on what they look like—they are made hypervisible and seen only as a potential threat to the nation. In contrast to narrative of the paranoid security officials, the rest of the film minimizes their racial threat by having everyone else misrecognize them or surrounds them with exaggerated stereotypes that make Harold and Kumar normative and patriotic. The film allows Kumar, the victim of racial profiling, to protest his treatment and through humor diffuse some of the tension about issues related to detainment and racial profiling.
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43

Kachun, Mitch. Michelle Obama, the Media Circus, and America’s Racial Obsession. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036606.003.0004.

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This chapter shifts the focus to Michelle Obama, a figure whose family's experiences of enslavement, emancipation, and northward migration make her nearly as important a cultural figure as her husband. It explains how media coverage of Michelle Obama during the campaign was shaped not only by Americans' expectations of prospective first ladies, but by a long history of powerful stereotypes of black women and their bodies. While praised and admired by many, Michelle Obama had become a target whose attackers utilized an ever-expanding twenty-four/seven cable news cycle and the unprecedented forum of the blogosphere to promulgate every sort of personal and political attack. In the process, they dredged up deep-seated stereotypes of African American women—the domineering “mammy,” the hypersexualized “jezebel,” the more recently minted “angry black woman”—and used them to construct an unappealing and even threatening image of the candidate's wife.
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44

Powers, Melinda. Diversifying Greek Tragedy on the Contemporary US Stage. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777359.001.0001.

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Demonstrating that ancient drama can be a powerful tool in seeking justice, this book investigates a cross section of live theatrical productions on the US stage that have reimagined Greek tragedy to address political and social concerns. To address this subject, it engages with some of the latest research in the field of performance studies to interpret not dramatic texts in isolation from their performance context, but instead the dynamic experience of live theatre. The book’s focus is on the ability of engaged performances to pose critical challenges to long-standing stereotypes that have contributed to the misrepresentation and marginalization of under-represented communities. Yet, in the process, it also uncovers the ways in which performances can inadvertently reinforce the very stereotypes they aim to challenge. This book thus offers a study of the live performance of Greek drama and its role in creating and reflecting social, cultural, and historical identity in contemporary America.
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45

Klehe, Ute-Christine, Irene E. De Pater, Jessie Koen, and Mari Kira. Too Old to Tango? Job Loss and Job Search Among Older Workers. Edited by Ute-Christine Klehe and Edwin van Hooft. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764921.013.35.

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Older workers are often shielded from job loss by high tenure, yet are struck particularly harshly when seeking reemployment after job loss. This article combines earlier research on coping with job loss and job search with insights on employability for older workers. We outline the situation of older workers, highlighting their vulnerability to possible job-loss and to stereotypes that may lower their perceived employability. Then we outline how this may place older workers in precarious situations regarding (a) the threat of losing their jobs, (b) suffering from loss of nonmonetary benefits (or latent functions) associated with work, (c) having different and fewer coping options than younger job-seekers, and (d) facing fewer chances of finding reemployment. Older workers face an uphill battle when searching for reemployment, which is partially explained by retirement as an alternative coping reaction to age-related stereotypes, discrimination that undermines older workers’ employability, and other factors.
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46

Cureton, Adam. Parents with Disabilities. Edited by Leslie Francis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199981878.013.19.

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Parents with disabilities face widespread obstacles arising from social attitudes about disability. Yet having and raising children is highly valuable for many people, with or without disabilities. Common stereotypes are that people with disabilities are less fit than others to be parents and that their children are likely to have worse lives than other children. These stereotypes are reflected in the history of eugenics, in sterilization laws, and in legal decisions about custody and parental rights. Yet justice requires that people with disabilities have access to a fair share of resources to pursue their aims and projects, which may include having children. Parental fitness must be assessed without bias and with the recognition that parenting may be performed in different ways, including adaptive strategies and accommodations. Parents with disabilities can provide special benefits as well, including bonds of proximity, greater patience and self-reliance, and compassion for others.
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47

Patterson, Tiffany Ruby. Barack Obama and the Politics of Anger. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036606.003.0003.

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This chapter considers the Jeremiah Wright controversy against the background of historical stereotypes of black men as angry, irrational, and dangerous—stereotypes that have long been used to call into question the fitness of African Americans for full citizenship. Displaying his characteristic calm demeanor, Obama had resisted any hint of anger or rage over the historic issues confronting black Americans in the 2008 elections. Indeed, in his well-known autobiography, Dreams from My Father, he had rejected those black thinkers and leaders who failed to overcome their anger and disappointment and embraced instead those who found reasons for hope. The chapter thus asserts that, while Obama, as a candidate in 2008 and as president afterward, may need to deal with racial injustice dispassionately, genuine healing can take place only after African Americans are able to give full voice to their anger over generations of wrongs done.
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48

Horigan, Kate Parker. Consuming Katrina. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496817884.001.0001.

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When survivors are seen as agents in their own stories, they will be seen as agents in their own recovery. A better grasp on the processes of narration and memory is critical for improved disaster response because stories that are widely shared about disaster determine how communities recover. This book shows how the public understands and remembers large-scale disasters like Hurricane Katrina, discussing unique contexts in which personal narratives about the storm are shared: interviews with survivors, Dave Eggers’ Zeitoun, Josh Neufeld’s A.D.: New Orleans After the Deluge, Tia Lessin and Carl Deal’s Trouble the Water, and public commemoration during the storm’s 10th anniversary in New Orleans. In each case, survivors initially present themselves in specific ways, counteracting negative stereotypes that characterize their communities. However, when adapted for public presentation, their stories get reduced back to stereotypes. As a result, people affected by Katrina continue to be seen in limited terms, as either undeserving of or incapable of managing recovery. This project is rooted in the author’s own experiences living in New Orleans before and after Katrina. But this is also a case study illustrating an ongoing problem and an innovative solution: survivors’ stories should be shared in a way that includes their own engagement with the processes of narrative production, circulation, and reception. In other words, we should know—when we hear the dramatic tale of disaster victims—what they think about how their story is being told to us.
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Flood, Dawn Rae. Black Victims and Postwar Trial Strategies. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036897.003.0004.

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This chapter refocuses attention on the treatment of rape victims during the 1950s exclusively, when African American women began regularly appearing in court, challenging the idea that they did not trust the system, or that the State did not consider theirs to be winnable cases. Although these women did not do so without difficulties, their voices came to be a part of an expanded culture of rights in which numerous groups and individuals challenged inequality in modern American society. Moreover, despite the State's efforts to portray black rape victims as deserving of protection and justice, defense attorneys maintained racist and sexist stereotypes in court, causing an evolution of the rape trial into the hostile territory that contemporary rape victims face and feminists continue to reform.
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McMains, Juliet. “Hot” Latin Dance. Edited by Anthony Shay and Barbara Sellers-Young. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199754281.013.006.

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Through a brief history of Latin dance within the American ballroom dance industry, this paper reveals how participation in Latin dance by non-Latinos in the United States has, throughout much of the twentieth century, relied on and reinforced harmful stereotypes of ethnic Latinos. The author argues, however, that when Latin dance is practiced in integrated communities in which Latinos and non-Latinos share the dance floor, such stereotypes can be weakened. Two case studies of integrated Latin dancing are offered as examples: mambo dancing at New York’s Palladium Ballroom in the 1950s and salsa dancing practiced at international salsa congresses since 1997. In both cases, the evidence suggests that Latinos are able to strengthen their own ethnic identity through participation in Latin dance while simultaneously challenging non-Latino dancers to move toward a more nuanced understanding of Latino people and cultures.
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