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Briesacher, Alex Barton. "Integrating Stereotype Threat into Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1415367303.
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Liekweg, Joseph R. "An Analysis of Competing Stereotype Threat Theories." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/787.
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This paper investigates the literature on stereotype threat theory. Looking for an explanation for achievement gaps in standardized testing and mathematics, Claude Steele and Elliot Aronson conducted a study in 1995 which introduced the term “stereotype threat” to the psychological community. It was hypothesized by Steele and Aronson that stereotype threat is cause by the anxiety that results from a fear of conforming to a negative stereotype that directly affects an individual in a domain with which they identify. Stereotype threat can have extremely detrimental effects on individuals. Since the original study in 1995, numerous studies have been conducted to further address gender and racial achievement gaps. Some of the studies have yielded results in support of Steele’s theory, and some have called into questions certain aspects of Steele’s theory. This paper specifically analyses Steele’s theory and its ability to stand up against specific criticisms.
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Wright, Seth. "Competence, Warmth, And Expectations: An Integration Of Status Characteristics Theory And The Stereotype Content Model." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556454.
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Over the last fifty years, researchers in Status Characteristics Theory (SCT) have conclusively demonstrated that within task groups, status differences between members influence the emergence of a power and prestige hierarchy within the group. According to the theory, this is accomplished through the activation of stereotypical expectations of group members' abilities. However, relatively little research has directly examined the cognitive process associated with expectation formation. During this same period, scholars within diverse subfields of psychology have suggested that there are two fundamental dimensions along which social judgments are made. These two dimensions have been referred to by various names, including instrumentality and expressivity, agency and communality, and competence and warmth. The most recent exploration of this idea can be found in the field of cognitive science as part of the Stereotype Content Model (SCM). The purpose of the current research is to integrate the basic propositions of SCT with the cognitive process outlined in SCM. In doing so, I hope to situate SCT within an expansive body of existing research, while suggesting a number of potentially useful directions for future research in SCT.
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Young, Kelcei. "And the Stereotype Award Goes to...: A Comparative Analysis of Directors using African American Stereotypes in Film." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609173/.
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This study examines African American stereotypes in film. I studied six directors, Kathryn Bigelow, Spike Lee, the Russo Brothers, Ryan Coogler, Tate Taylor, and Dee Rees; and six films Detroit, BlacKkKlansman, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, The Help, and Mudbound. Using the framework of critical race theory and auteur theory, I compared the common themes between the films and directors. The main purpose of my study is to see if White or Black directors predominantly used African American stereotypes. I found that both races of directors rely on stereotypes for different purposes. With Black directors, the stereotype was explained further through character development, while the White directors used the stereotype at face value with no further explanation.
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Nadler, Dustin Ryan. "AUTONOMY SUPPORT: MODERATING STEREOTYPE THREAT IN AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/757.
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This study examined the role of autonomy support (AS) in the relationship between stereotype threat (ST) and performance on a subset of the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) using a 2 x 2 factorial design. It was hypothesized that: 1. There would be significantly fewer correct answers in ST conditions compared to non-ST conditions, 2. There would be a significantly higher number of correct answers in AS conditions compared to non-AS conditions, 3.The relationship between ST conditions and performance would be moderated by AS conditions 206 African American college students from a mid-sized Midwestern university participated in the study. Performance, measured by the overall number of correct items answered from a set of 14 problems from the RSPM and also difficult and easy subsets of these problems, was the dependent variable and participants also completed a survey. Participants in ST conditions performed better than those in non-ST conditions. There was no difference in performance for participants in AS and non-AS conditions. High academic identified participants in AS conditions performed significantly better than similar participants in non-AS conditions on all items. Low academic identified participants in ST conditions performed better than those in non-ST conditions, only on easy items. These results provide information on the role of AS and item difficulty in stereotype threat situations.
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Shaw, Kevin. "“You play like a girl” : An investigation of the gender-typing of Esports as well as the effect of gender stereotypes on player performances." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för rörelse, kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6804.
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Purpose and research questions: The purpose of this study has been to critically examine Esports through a gender perspective. The study therefore investigated the gender-typing of Esports and if these stereotypes affect players’ performance. The research questions were: Do players gender-type Esports to be a neutral, feminine, or masculine sport? Do gender stereotypes in Esports affect female players’ performance? Do gender stereotypes in Esports affect male players’ performance? Method: A quantitative research design was used, and two different surveys were sent out to respondents. Both surveys contained the exact same information and questions on the first page. These were aimed at answering questions regarding gender-typing (i.e. if the respondents perceived Esports to be a neutral, feminine or masculine activity and how appropriate they perceived Esports to be for women respectively men). The survey’s second page had identical questions on both surveys, however the respondents got to see different texts of information (stereotypes) depending on which survey they participated in. The first survey (Group 1) included two different conditions groups (women = stereotype threat; men = stereotype lift) and primed the respondents with the stereotype that “women are inferior to men in Esports”. The second survey (Group 2) also included two different condition groups (men = stereotype threat; women = stereotype boost) and primed the respondents with the alternative stereotype manipulation that “women are equally as good as men in Esports”. After participating in the surveys, the respondents played three games of Counter-Strike: Global Offensive that were then analyzed against the respondents’ three most recent matches before partaking in the study. As such, the players’ performance could be evaluated and a result could be determined (i.e. either an improvement or impairment in performance). A control group (Group 3) that did not partake in the surveys was used as a reference group and to evaluate the participants’ performances. As a total, 290 persons participated in the study, of which 50 were women and 240 men. Results: The results showed that the players perceived Esports to be more of a masculine sport. For the stereotype effects on players’ performance, an ANOVA of the results showed that stereotype threat had a statistically significant effect on female players’ performance (p = .008), whereas stereotype boost did not. For the men, the results showed that neither stereotype threat nor lift had any statistically significant effect on male players’ performance. Conclusion: The findings suggest that players gender-type different aspects of Esports in different ways. The participants perceived Esports to be more of a masculine activity but on the other hand to be almost equally as appropriate for women and men. As a whole, the respondents perceived Esports to be more of a masculine sport than neutral or feminine. The findings from this study also suggest that women in Esports are more affected by gender stereotypes than men are, and that negative gender stereotypes about women’s ability may impair female players’ performance. Finally, the findings suggest that the awareness as well as the occurrence of gender stereotypes in Esports are widespread among players. However, players in Esports consider themselves to not fully endorse these stereotypes but believe that other players do, especially the negative stereotypes about women’s ability in Esports. This finding generates an interesting area for further research and investigation.Syfte och frågeställning: Syftet med denna studie har varit att kritiskt granska Esport ur ett genusperspektiv. Studien undersökte därmed könsstereotypningen (”gender-typing”) av Esport samt huruvida dessa stereotyper påverkar spelares prestationer. Frågeställningarna var: Könsstereotypar spelare Esport som en neutral, feminin eller maskulin sport? Påverkar könsstereotyper inom Esport kvinnliga spelares prestationer? Påverkar könsstereotyper inom Esport manliga spelares prestationer? Metod: En kvantitativ forskningsdesign användes, och två olika enkäter skickades ut till respondenter. Båda enkäterna innehöll exakt samma information och frågor på den första sidan. Dessa var ämnade att besvara frågor kring könsstereotypning (dvs. om respondenten ansåg Esport var en neutral, feminin eller maskulin aktivitet samt hur lämpligt de ansåg Esport vara för kvinnor respektive män). Enkätens andra sida hade identiska frågor på båda enkäterna men respondenterna fick ta del av olika texter av information (stereotyper) beroende på vilken enkät de deltog i. Den första enkäten (Grupp 1) inkluderade två olika tillståndsgrupper (kvinnor = stereotype threat; män = stereotype lift) och grundade respondenterna med stereotypen att ”kvinnor är sämre än män inom Esport”. Den andra enkäten (Grupp 2) inkluderade även den två olika tillståndsgrupper (män = stereotype threat; kvinnor = stereotype boost) och grundade respondenterna med den alternativa manipulationen av stereotypen att ”kvinnor är lika bra som män inom Esport”. Efter att ha deltagit i enkäterna spelade respondenterna tre matcher av Counter-Strike: Global Offensive som sedan analyserades mot respondenternas tre senaste matcher innan de deltog i studien. Som sådant, kunde spelarnas prestationer utvärderas och ett resultat kunde fastställas (dvs. antingen en förbättring eller en försämring i prestation). En kontrollgrupp (Grupp 3) som inte deltog i enkäterna användes som referensgrupp och för att utvärdera deltagarnas prestationer. Totalt deltog 290 personer i studien varav 50 var kvinnor och 240 män. Resultat: Resultatet visade att spelarna uppfattade Esport som mer av en maskulin sport. Angående stereotypeffekterna på spelarnas prestationer visade en ANOVA av resultaten att stereotype threat hade en statistisk signifikant effekt på kvinnliga spelares prestationer (p = .008), medan stereotype boost inte hade det. För männen så visade resultaten att varken stereotype threat eller lift hade någon statistisk signifikant effekt på manliga spelares prestationer. Slutsats: Resultaten tyder på att spelare könsstereotypar olika aspekter av Esport på olika sätt. Deltagarna uppfattade Esport som mer av en maskulin aktivitet men å andra sidan som lika lämpligt för kvinnor och män. Som helhet uppfattade respondenterna Esport som mer av en maskulin sport än neutral eller feminin. Resultatenfrån denna studie tyder även på att kvinnor inom Esport påverkas mer av könsstereotyper än män och att negativa könsstereotyper om kvinnors förmåga kan försämra kvinnliga spelares prestationer. Slutligen, resultaten tyder på att medvetenheten samt förekomsten av könsstereotyper inom Esport är utbredd bland spelarna.Spelarna inom Esport anser dock inte att de själva stödjer dessa stereotyper fullt ut men tror att andra spelare gör det, särskilt de negative stereotyperna om kvinnors förmågor inom Esport. Detta resultat genererar ett intressant område för vidare forskning och undersökningar.
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Rodman, Chloe. "Americans’ Perceptions of Chinese Cultural Status and Morality: An Extension of the Stereotype Content Model." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1948.
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This study experimentally examines how Americans’ structural perceptions of people from China predict stereotypes and emotions toward them using the theoretical perspective of the Extended SCM. We first ran a pilot study to ensure that our manipulations of the structural perceptions of Chinese power, goal compatibility, and cultural status were effective. We then conducted a between-participants experiment in which 105 students from a small liberal arts college read pseudo-news article excerpts. These articles were used to manipulate the structural perceptions of Chinese power and Chinese cultural status while emphasizing a competitive relationship between the United States and China throughout all experimental conditions. We assessed the causal relationships between outgroup cultural status, the stereotype of morality, and the intergroup emotion of contempt, as well as the causal relationships between outgroup power, the stereotype of competence, and contempt. Through ANOVA and regression analyses, we found no significant effect of cultural status on morality or contempt and no significant effect of power on competence or contempt. We expect that the low mean level and variability of contempt expressed by participants (M = 1.31, SD = .55) limited the results of this experiment. Future studies should make structural perception stimuli more influential on participants by using well-known authority figures to present structural information of outgroups. Also, researchers should measure contempt using less intense emotions, such as disdain and disrespect, which may limit social desirability and positivity biases in self-report surveys.
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Gregory, Stacie LeSure. "African American Female Engineering Students' Persistence in Stereotype-threatening Environments: A Critical Race Theory Perspective." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4260.
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Due to the social context of engineering classrooms, stereotype threat (STT) may play an essential role in the dearth of African American females in engineering. Empirical studies have confirmed the deleterious effects STT has on students' performance. However, acceptance of STT as more than a laboratory phenomenon necessitates an in-depth understanding of how stigmatized groups experience being socially devalued and negatively stereotyped. In this qualitative investigation, Intersectionality and the Critical Race Theory tenet of counter-storytelling were applied to capture the voices of 10 African American women to comprehend how they resisted or overcame STT and persisted in engineering degree programs. Data were triangulated from two different semi-structured interviews and reading reactions submitted by each participant. Findings reveal four characteristic themes shared by the participants: (a)Proof Stereotype Threat Exists; (b) Primary Contributors of Stereotype Threat; (c) Secondary Factors; and (d) Tools for Persisting. Based on participants’ narratives, 6 recommendations are offered to assist African American female students combat STT and persist in engineering.
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Bakker, Andrea I. "Aiming for Success or Bracing for a Failure? The Influence of Stereotype Threat on Women's Math Achievement Goals." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1176899976.
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Ekelund, Botilda, and Erica Stepien. "Revisorn - en medveten social konstruktion? : En studie om hur revisorer aktivt arbetar för attpåverka den stereotypa bild som finns av dem." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129591.
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Introduktion Tidigare forskning kan identifiera en tydlig revisorsstereotyp.Trots att revisorer i viss mån har arbetat för att motarbetastereotypen, kvarstår samma stereotyp idag som för 40 årsedan. Skiljer sig omgivningens stereotyp från hur revisornuppfattar sig själv, föreligger ett förväntningsgap. Brist påforskning kring hur revisorerna upplever stereotypen och hurde bemöter den, motiverar vår studie. Syfte Studien syftar till att utforska hur revisorer uppfattar denstereotypa bilden om revisorer samt hur och varför de arbetarför att påverka omgivningens föreställningar om revisorer. Metod Denna kvalitativa studie har genomförts genom tolvsemistrukturerade intervjuer. Samtliga respondenter ärrevisionsmedarbetare med olika befattningar och arbetar pånågon av de fyra världsledande revisionsbyråerna. Slutsatser Vi kommer fram till att revisorer uppfattar stereotypen omrevisorer som i huvudsak negativ och icke överensstämmandemed revisorns egen bild av sig själv. Vi har identifierat ett nyttförväntningsgap – skillnader i förväntningar om hur en revisorär. Revisorer arbetar aktivt för att motarbeta stereotypeneftersom det medför fördelar för dem i yrkeslivet. Trotsmotarbetandet kvarstår stereotypen och därmedförväntningsgapet. I viss mån sker dessutom ett omedvetetagerande som tyder på att stereotypen förstärks eller ignoreras.Introduction Previous research identifies an evident auditor stereotype.Although auditors to some extent have attempted to change thestereotype, the stereotype as it appeared 40 years ago stillremains. Differences between the stereotype and the auditors’perceptions of themselves causes an expectation gap. The lackof research regarding how auditors perceive the stereotype aswell as how they treat it, motivates our study. Purpose The purpose is to examine how auditors perceive the stereotypeof auditors as well as how and why they are working to changethe surroundings perceptions of auditors. Method This qualitative study is based on twelve semi-structuredinterviews. All respondents are audit staff with differentpositions that work in one of the Big 4 accounting firms. Conclusions We conclude that auditors mainly perceive the stereotype ofauditors negative and not consistent with their own images ofthemselves. We have identified a new expectation gap –differences in expectations about the auditor’s traits. Auditorsare working actively to counter the stereotype as it entailsbenefits to them in their professional life. To some extent,auditors are also unconsciously acting in a way that suggeststhat the stereotype is reinforced or ignored.
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Ortiz, Michelle. "The Implications of Priming the "Latin Lover" Stereotype on Perceptions of Romantic Intentions: A Self-Categorization Theory Approach." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194246.
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Media effects research has yet to shed light on the effects of exposure to the stereotype of Latinos as passionate and seductive (i.e., Latin lovers). Research on priming ethnic group stereotypes indicates that the activated stereotype affects subsequent evaluations of members of the ethnic group. This study looked at the effects of priming the Latin lover stereotype on participants' judgments of unrelated targets. A self-categorization theory approach was invoked to account for individual differences in priming effects, by assessing the role that ethnicity salience and stereotype endorsement play in priming effects. The experiment found little support for the effects of priming the Latin lover stereotype. Ethnicity accessibility and stereotype endorsement mainly moderated priming effects dealing with perceptions of an unrelated White male target's romanticism, perceptions of an unrelated Latino male target's relational commitment, perceptions of a relationally-committed female target's ethnicity, and compatibility ratings involving the relationally-committed female target. Reasons for the weak priming results are discussed.
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Ashley, Rockell Chandler. "African American Women Middle Managers’ Stories of Stereotype Threat and Leadership Aspirations." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7589.
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Even with the rise of racial diversity in the workplace, African American women remain underrepresented in upper management and organizational leadership positions, making up only 1% of U.S. corporate officers. The purpose of this qualitative narrative inquiry study was to explore the daily experiences of African American women middle managers in regard to stereotype threat and the effect of these experiences on their engagement with leadership aspirations. The narrative inquiry method was used to address this gap and answer the research question, through storytelling from African American women in middle-management positions. This study was framed by 2 key concepts that focus on minority group workplace experiences with stereotype threat and the implications of these experiences on minority group members for their engagement with leadership aspirations: Inzlicht and Kang’s concept of stereotype threat spillover and Major, Spencer, Schmader, Wolfe, and Crocker’s concept of psychological disengagement. The data-gathering process involved semistructured telephone interviews with 7 college-educated African American women, in U.S.-based organizations, in which participants told the story of their stereotype threat experiences in middle management roles. Two of the 5 key themes uncovered were impact of stereotype threat spillover and disengagement from leadership and career aspirations. The information gathered from the narrative study will help drive social change by bringing awareness to the issue and reducing threat experiences of disadvantaged groups across organizations.
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Leka, Gary Evan. "Mortality Salience Effects on Gender Stereotype Attitudes and Sexism, and the Moderating Effect of Gender Role Conflicts." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/361.
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Research on existential mortality fears has indicated that death reminders impact individuals at the cognitive and behavioral levels. One way people cope with this threat is through cherishing cultural values that provide life with meaning. However, little research has explored how death reminders impact cultural standards regarding gender. These cultural values often manifest through various means by male and female groups. Guided by terror management theory, which posits that people address threats to their existence by engaging in culturally-sanctioned behaviors to enhance their self-esteem, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mortality salience (MS) on male participants' propensity for sexism and attitudes towards those with atypical gender stereotypes. Participants (n = 136) were recruited from courses at a local university and were selected based on the assumption that they had been exposed to media depicting death-related events. A quantitative research design was used to examine differences between the experimental MS and control pain salience conditions, and to assess effect sizes. Results from a MANOVA indicated that MS was associated with significantly higher sexism scores (F = 15.322, p < .001) as measured by the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, and with less favorable ratings of peers (as measured by a common opinion rating scale used in previous research in this area) who violated traditional gender stereotypes (F = 13.459, p < .001). The findings imply existential threats may contribute to negative stereotyping based on gender and enhance conservative views of gender stereotypes. Implications for social change are discussed involving the reduction of intolerance and prejudice directed at those who hold opposing worldviews.
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Olsson, Ida, and Amanda Persson. "Gymnasieekonomers uppfattning om den traditionella revisorsstereotypen." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20102.
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Gymnasieekonomers uppfattning om revisorn spelar stor roll för ekonomiutbildningar på högskolenivå och revisionsbyråerna. Gymnasieekonomer kan vara framtida elever och medarbetare på högskolor respektive revisionsbyråer. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur gymnasieekonomer uppfattar revisorn samt sig själva utifrån egenskaper som förknippas med den traditionella revisorsstereotypen. Studien undersöker även, dock i mindre omfattning, om det finns ett samband mellan intentionen att bli revisor och om man har någon i sin närhet som arbetar som revisor. Genom en kvantitativ ansats undersöks studiens tre hypoteser som är grundade på professionsteorin och identitetsteorin samt den traditionella revisorsstereotypen. Egenskaper hos den traditionella revisorsstereotypen som har identifierats av tidigare forskning har bland annat använts som underlag i en enkätundersökning som genomförts på två gymnasieskolor. Studiens huvudsakliga resultat är att gymnasieekonomerna uppfattar att revisorn har hög status, vilket indikerar att revisorsyrket klassas som en profession. Studiens resultat kunde inte påvisa att gymnasieekonomer anser sig dela egenskaper med den traditionella revisorsstereotypen. Slutligen kunde studien heller inte påvisa att gymnasieekonomer som har någon i sin närhet som arbetar som revisor har intention att bli revisorer.Secondary school economists´ perception of the auditor plays a major role in financial education at university level and in the audit firms. Secondary school economists´ can be future students and employees at colleges and audit firms. The purpose of the study is to examine how secondary school economists´ perceive the auditor as well as themselves based on characteristics associated with the traditional auditor stereotype. The study also examines, though to a lesser extent, whether there is a connection between the intention to become an auditor and if you have someone in your vicinity working as an auditor. Through a quantitative approach, the study´s three hypotheses based on profession theory, identity theory and the traditional auditor stereotype are examined. Characteristics of the traditional auditor stereotype identified by previous research have been used, among other things, as a basis for a questionnaire survey conducted at two secondary schools in Sweden. The main result of the study is that the secondary school economists´ perceive that the auditor has a high status, which indicates that the audit occupation is classified as a profession. The study´s result cannot demonstrate that secondary school economists´ consider themselves share characteristics with the traditional auditor stereotype. Finally, the study cannot demonstrate that secondary school economists who have someone in their vicinity who works as an auditor have the intention to become an auditor.
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Kawamoto, Judy A. "Exploring the Impact of Mentoring Relationships for Asian American Senior Women Administrators at a Critical Career Juncture." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2456.
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Thesis advisor: Karen ArnoldDespite an increasing number of Asian American women earning the advanced degrees necessary to qualify them for senior administrative positions such as dean, vice president, provost and president, this group remains severely underrepresented in the upper administrative ranks in American higher education. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine if mentoring relationships, which research has shown to be vital to the success of other women administrators of color, would prove important to Asian American women administrators at critical career junctures. Eleven Asian American senior women administrators from four different ethnic backgrounds were interviewed. Two theoretical frameworks were used to interpret the data: relational cultural theory to analyze each interview from the participant's point of view, and; critical race theory to review the data from the institutional perspective. Many of the women experienced factors reported by other women administrators of color: a culture dominated by White men; sexism and racism; feelings of isolation, and; gender-typed family concerns. Most of the women also faced the model minority stereotype of being perceived as passive, yet analysis of their interviews revealed that they did not behave passively. Also contrary to what research has shown to be the experience of other women administrators of color, several reported more instances of sexism than racism. The majority of the women had White male mentors, which is consistent with the literature. For the women who had both male and female mentors, several experienced more career than psychosocial mentoring from their male mentors, a pattern opposite what is typical for other women administrators of color. No clear patterns emerged with regard to how the women utilized their mentors at critical career junctures. The interviews revealed that the women in this study were distinctly different from each other, which disputes the assumption that all Asian American women are similar. This study challenges how these women are currently perceived, and institutions must re-examine their current policies and practices to better support this population
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Higher Education Administration
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Davidson, Rachael. "Traditional and Non-traditional Gender Role Stereotypes in Children’s Animated Films." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3977.
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As gender stereotypes could lead to adherence to rape myths later in life, it is important to study the potential development of gender role stereotypes. Based on the theoretical approach of Bandura’s social learning, this mixed methods study sought to expand the literature on children observing gender stereotypes through film viewing. A content analysis of verbal and body language of the highest grossing animated films between 2017-2019 was conducted. The results indicated that most main characters displayed both traditional and non-traditional gender role stereotypes, which is indicative of gender role flexibility. This shows promise that there could be a moderating affect with gender role flexibility, but further research is needed. However, the results found that there was no significant difference between the amount of gender role stereotypes across all the films. It was concluded that there is still a concern for children to be indoctrinated with traditional gender role stereotypes.
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Enqvist, Charlotta, and Jensen Johanna J. ""Alla har rätt att funka olika" - eller? -En studie om framställning av funktionsnedsättning och normalitet i spelfilm." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75490.
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This essay aims to examine how the disabled figure is represented in motion pictures and if these representations differ when the actors are disabled. It aims to shed some light on the social construction of normality and disability. The theoretical framework is that of stigma, social interaction and Crip Theory and the method we use is discourse analysis. The movies in which we examine this are as follow: Hur många lingon finns det i världen?, Hur många kramar finns det i världen?, Café de Flore and Le huitième jour. Our conclusion is that known stereotypes did not occur as much as limited course of action and the tendency to treat the disabled character as a group and not as individuals. Our result also indicates that the story of the disabled figure is not the one that is being told and how their humanity is something that has to be confirmed instead of being self-evident.
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Macoukji, Fred George. "Gay, Straight, or Slightly Bent? The Interaction of Leader Sexual Orientation and Gender on Leadership Evaluations." Scholar Commons, 2013. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5262.
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Existing research has shown that gender stereotypes regarding characteristics of men and women influence others' perceptions of their fit with organizational roles, including leadership roles (cf. Eagly & Karau, 2002). However, little research has examined stereotypes regarding other demographic characteristics (e.g., race, sexual orientation) and how they may interact with gender stereotypes to influence leadership evaluations. The current study examined whether leader gender and sexual orientation interact to influence subordinates' evaluations of leader effectiveness, likability, and boss desirability using an experimental design. In addition to examining whether leader gender and sexual orientation interacted to predict leader evaluations, the present study also examined why, or the mechanisms, that underlie these effects. Specifically, the present study evaluated two potential mediators: (1) role incongruity, perceptions that there is a misfit between the characteristics of an individual and the role on communality (or warmth) and agency (or competence) and (2) moral outrage, affective reactions of contempt, anger, and disgust toward individuals and/or groups who violate societal mores. Results indicate that gay and lesbian leaders were perceived to be less agentic and more communal than their heterosexual counterparts, though leader gender and sexual orientation did not interact in predicting perceptions of agency and communality. Furthermore, in the full sample, leader gender and sexual orientation interacted to predict moral outrage. When examining moderated mediation analyses, moral outrage mediated the relationship between leader demographics and evaluations of leader effectiveness (but not leader likability) for gay male leaders. Results from the present study helps to inform researchers and practitioners regarding how and why stereotypes influence others' leadership evaluations and suggest entry points for interventions designed to minimize discrimination against sexual minorities in organizational settings.
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Pariyadath, Renu. "A Sense-Making Study of How People Overcome Stereotypes about Others through Social Interaction." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1248106595.
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Aromona, Olushola. "Portrayal of African Women in Nollywood Films over a Five-Year Period: A Content Analysis of Traits Applying the Stereotype Content Model." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3166.
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Previous research shows that perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs are cultivated via media exposure. A content analysis of stereotypical traits in five Nollywood movies in a five-year span examines the prevalent portrayals of women in the Nigerian movie industry – Nollywood, and the effect of these portrayals on reinforcement of stereotypical norms and perpetuation of gender disparity. Cultivation and Objectification theories were the theoretical frameworks for this study. Findings revealed no significant change in the stereotypical portrayals of women in the past five years. From the movies analyzed, Nollywood movies appear to remain persistent in typically depicting women as unambitious domestic servants. Applying Fiske’s stereotype content model, this study found that women are typically depicted as warm and incompetent, but cold and competent when they compete for same resources as the dominant group. With such portrayals in Nollywood movies, women are further subdued and beliefs that normalize these norms are cultivated.
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Lewis, Stephen Michael Sr. "Achievement Gap: Cultural Identities and Its’ Influence Upon African American Students Perceptions of Academic Performance." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1591372291779417.
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Sanders, Stephanie L. "A Fly in Milk: The Urban Black Experience at a Rural White Institution." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1336652754.
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Elander, Viktor. "Vit är människa, svart är svart : En postkolonial analys av synen på ”den andre” i Joseph Conrads Mörkrets hjärta." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34504.
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The purpose of this paper was to examine how ”the other” is portrayed in Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of darkness from a postcolonial perspective. Thru this analysis determine if and in what way the novel may be beneficial to education surrounding postcolonial perspectives in the subject Swedish at upper secondary school. Thru close reading of the text focusing on the novels portrayal of “the other”, the analysis concludes that the novel gives a stereotypical and dichotomous picture rooted in the novels contemporary science and culture of the western world. The way “the other” is portrayed in Joseph Conrad´s Heart of darkness does not consist with the fundamental values of the Swedish upper secondary school. The analysis has concluded that the novels potential as an educational tool in the education surrounding postcolonial perspectives is limited due to it´s lack of non-European perspectives.
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Lindberg, Marlene. "Från oövervinnelig till oigenkännlig : En komparativ genusstudie av hur Irene Adler porträtteras I Arthur Conan Doyles ”A Scandal in Bohemia” och BBC:s adaption ”A Scandal in Belgravia”." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-70985.
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Abstract The great detective Sherlock Holmes casts a long shadow on the previous research on the short stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, where Mr. Holmes has been given the main attention. On the periphery, however, a woman named Irene Adler is recognizable. Adler makes her single entrance in the Sherlock Universe in “A Scandal in Bohemia” from 1891 when she outsmarts Mr. Holmes and makes him reconsider the entire female sex as a consequence. In the BBC adaptation Sherlock, the case is however different for the early feminist icon Adler. The portrayal of Adler in the episode “A Scandal in Belgravia” from 2012 is mainly focusing on her sexuality, nudity and seductive personality when meeting Holmes, which has resulted in this essay that aims to study the transformation of Adler from text to screen from a gender perspective. By conducting a comparative study based on gender theory and adaptation theory, the essay finds that there has been a sexualisation and diminishing of independence on behalf of Adler, which relates to common stereotypes in the portrayal of women in film. Through a successive degradation of the female character, it is possible to detect a form of reversed emancipation where the hundred year older predecessor shows greater feminist characteristics than the modern adaptation.Sammanfattning Mästerdetektiven Sherlock Holmes kastar en lång skugga efter sig och har stått i centrum för majoriteten av forskningen om Sir Arthur Conan Doyles noveller. I periferin återfinns emellertid en kvinna vid namn Irene Adler som i ”A Scandal in Bohemia” från 1891 överlistar Holmes och får honom att omdefiniera hela sin syn på det kvinnliga könet på grund av Adlers intelligens och agens. I BBC:s filmatisering av den berömde detektiven i serien Sherlock har dock stora förändringar skett i transformationen av den feministiska förgrundsgestalten Adler. Porträtteringen av Adler i avsnittet ”A Scandal in Belgravia” från 2012 fokuserar till stor del på hennes sexualitet, avkläddhet och förföriska person i mötet med Holmes, vilket också föranlett denna uppsats vars syfte är att studera porträtteringen av Adler från text till filmduk ur ett genusperspektiv. Genom en komparativ metod grundad i genusteori och adaptionsteori finner uppsatsen att det skett en sexualisering och ett osjälvständiggörande av Adler som överensstämmer väl med många av de vanligt förekommande stereotypiska porträtteringarna av kvinnor på filmduken. Genom en successiv nedbrytning av den kvinnliga karaktären kan ett slags omvänd emancipation skönjas, där den hundra år äldre förlagan visar starkare feministiska förtecken än den moderna adaptionen.
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Reyes, Rosanna. "Cultivation theory and stereotypes of latinidad in Desperate housewives." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Williams, Patrick Anthony. "Exploring Teachers' and Black Male Students' Perceptions of Intelligence." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/217.
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This study explored teachers' perceptions of intelligence of 11th-grade Black male students and how students themselves perceived their own intelligence in light of Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence. Qualitative research methods were used to gain novel understanding of the students' and teachers' feelings, and perceptions as outlined in the research questions. Two versions of ecological systems theory provided the underpinnings for the framework of this study: 1) Brönfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, and 2) Spencer's PVEST (Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory) model, which is an adaptation of the ecology model to Black students in the United States. In a large urban school district in the Southeast section of the United States, twenty-six students completed an online survey of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences. Seven Black male students were selected and interviewed along with ten of their teachers. The study found that despite the negative stereotypes toward Black males by society, the Black male students in this study interpreted intelligence to be multifaceted and perceived themselves as intelligent Black males. The teachers of the Black male students perceived them as intelligent and also interpreted intelligence to be multifaceted. The Black male students were resilient in debunking the idea that Black males were not considered intelligent in a society where negative Black male stereotypes abound.
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Maltese, François. "Effets d’une situation de comparaison sociale dans les différences liées au sexe en rotation mentale : Une étude avec des jumeaux dizygotes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3045/document.
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Le test de rotation mentale (TRM) est robuste pour faire émerger une grande différence de sexe en faveur des hommes. Il existe un stéréotype, communément admis, de moins bonnes performances des femmes en aptitude spatiale. Deux théories explicatives cohabitent. La première, biologique, est liée à une masculinisation du cerveau des garçons sous l'action des androgènes durant la vie fœtale. Dans cette hypothèse, et en raison d'un transfert d'hormones supposé durant la vie intra-utérine, les femmes qui ont un cojumeau doivent avoir des performances meilleures que celles ayant une cojumelle (Vuoksimaa et al., 2010). L'autre hypothèse, que nous défendons, suppose que les différences de sexe au TRM peuvent être socialement construites ou activées par des éléments du Contexte évaluatif et ceci quel que soient les compétences des personnes. Nous avons, pour la première fois dans une étude gémellaire, confronté ces deux hypothèses. Des paires de jumeaux jeunes adultes dizygotes de même sexe (DZMS), 23 paires d'hommes et 34 paires de femmes, et de sexe différent (DZSD), 62 paires, ont passé un TRM informatisé dans deux conditions expérimentales où l'exactitude des réponses et les temps de réponse sont enregistrés. Dans une condition, les consignes du test rendent la situation de comparaison au cojumeau possible (CSP) : « vous et votre jumeau ferez le même test aujourd'hui », dans l'autre condition (CSI) la comparaison est rendue improbable : « vous et votre jumeau ferez des tâches différentes ». Nos résultats n'accréditent pas la théorie biologique et sont en faveur d'une explication en termes d'interférence du stéréotypeThe mental rotation test (MRT) is the most robust test revealing that men outperform women. Two major causes have been proposed for explaining the origin of this difference. The first focused on brain masculinization under the action of androgen during the fetal development. Vuoksimaa et al., (2010) showed that dizygotic opposite-sex female have greater performances than dizygotic same-sex female. For the second hypothesis, sex difference is mainly due to social regulation factors and stereotype threat interaction. We test here this second hypothesis. In a twin design we tested, for the first time, these two causal explanations. Same-sex dizygotic young adult pairs (23 pairs of males and 34 pairs of females), and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs (62 pairs) took a computerized MRT in two experimental co-action conditions. In the first condition, the experimental situation make the co-twin comparison possible (CSP): “you and your co-twin do the same test today”, and in the other experimental condition called, improbable comparison situation (CSI), they are told that: “you and your co-twin do different test today”. Accuracy and responses time where analyzed. Our results do not support the biological model but, in contrary, support the social regulation and stereotype threat model
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Andersson, Happe Emma. "Mediatiserad religion i ramen av humor : En studie av den amerikanska sitcom-serien the Big Bang Theory." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34987.
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Since 2007 the American sitcom the Big Bang Theory has spread throughout the world. With its twenty million watchers it is one of the most popular sitcoms of our time. The starting point for this essay is that the humourus series with the more or less geeky main characters is more than just entertainment - it is a part of the mediatization of religion. This means that media is affecting the recipients’ view on religion in general and the personal religion. As we watch TV, we get socialized into how to act in our every day life. In this case, it is about religion depicted as entertainment. Through a film analysis of a number of selected scenes from the first three seasons of the series, this essay stresses the representation of the religious traditions Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism and religion in general. On the basis of etnocentrism, exitocism and a differentiation between religious praxis and religious beliefs my conclution is that Jews are portrayed in a very ”modern” and secular way, Christians are narrow-minded and quite stupid and Hindus are doing strange rituals and believe in very unreasonable phenomena. Religion in general is portrayed as something accepted but it should be rational and religous practice has its own time and place.
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Forster, Gary. "Fairytale theory and explorations of gender stereotypes in post-1970s Rapunzel adaptations." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11423.
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Although Rapunzel criticism habitually concerns literary fairytales, this thesis contributes to the field a sustained examination of the feminist and patriarchal uses to which Rapunzel has been put, with close attention to the range of media, forms, and styles into which ‗Rapunzel‘ has been adapted, from 1970 onwards. It argues that each adaptation appropriates ‗Rapunzel‘ to repeat or disturb gender ideologies, and also extends or contracts the scope of the fairytale and its feminism. Underpinned by memetics, selective adaptation and fairytale theories, and Adrienne Rich‘s concept of ‗re-vision‘, individual chapters focus upon redrawing the boundaries of what makes a (feminist) Rapunzel adaptation a (feminist) Rapunzel adaptation. The thesis also examines the difficult question of why Rapunzel motifs or ‗memes‘ have persisted and whether this is due to the power of cultural ideologies or to certain universal human urges to which ‗Rapunzel‘ ostensibly appeals. As what is meant by feminism changes from the 1970s through to the present day, the selected works are considered in terms of terms of second- and third-wave feminism and postfeminism. Chapter 1 (the Introduction) establishes the approach and rationale. Chapter 2 examines the Grimm ‗Rapunzel‘ variants of 1812 and 1857 as a prelude to examining the ideological uses to which Rapunzel is put post-1970. Chapter 3 focuses on how four feminist poets subject the memes and morals of ‗Rapunzel‘ to different feminist revisions, and thereby challenge the patriarchal meanings invested by the Grimms. Chapter 4 extends this work by examining a feminist moral fable, two complex short stories, a psychological novella, and a graphic novel, in order to draw contrasts between celebratory and darker, more disturbing ‗post-fairytale‘ feminist Rapunzels. Demonstrating the many genres and media into which feminist Rapunzels have been translated, several adapters use the tale on behalf of various kinds of individualism and subjectivisation, and suggest a movement toward greater psychological complexity and interiority in their treatment of Rapunzel memes. Chapter 5 focuses on how Rapunzel memes translate to screen in the feminist reworking Rapunzel Let Down Your Hair (1978) and the postfeminist adaptations Barbie as Rapunzel (2002), Shrek the Third (2007), and Disney‘s Tangled (2010) and Into the Woods (2014). Chapter 6, the final chapter, further extends the analysis by examining Rapunzel‘s general prevalence in the cultural imagination, namely in adverts and on television. By assembling and giving fresh analyses of rare and well-known Rapunzel tales, the chapters critique the gender essentialism in fairytales and reinstate Rapunzel as key to fairytale debate. This research has led to the conclusion that post-1970s Rapunzels exemplify how fairytales appropriate or discard memes in accordance with the possibilities of genre and medium, as well as with the changing face of feminism over the last four decades.
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Espinoza, Chip. "Millennial Integration: Challenges Millennials Face in the Workplace and What They Can Do About Them." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1354553875.
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Engström, Caroline, and Victoria Simonsson. "Gaming och stereotyper : En korrelationsstudie om gameridentifikation och upplevelsen av könsstereotyper i videospel." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67073.
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Gamingindustrien är idag en verksamhet som årligen omsätter flera miljarder kronor. Forskning har indikerat att dess utövare, så kallade gamers, betraktar karaktärerna i spelen som mindre könsstereotypa än de som inte spelar (Gillentine 2007). Syftet med studien var därför att undersöka huruvida gamers faktiskt skattade könsstereotypa karaktärer som mindre stereotypa än icke-gamers. En förstudie gjordes utifrån vars resultat fem karaktärer valdes ut som exempel på könsstereotypa karaktärer. I en enkät skattade sedan 134 deltagare graden av könsstereotypi för dessa samt ett antal icke-stereotypa karaktärer. Vidare fick respondenterna, utöver att svara på frågor hämtade från Videogame Experience Survey (Terlecki & Newcombe, 2005), även skatta sin inställning till negativ forskning om gamers. Resultatet visade på en signifikant korrelation mellan en identifikation som gamer och att dessa gav en lägre skattning av könsstereotypi hos stereotypa karaktärer. Dock visade sig kön vara en lika stor prediktor då kvinnor i högre grad än män skattade karaktärerna som mer stereotyp. Utifrån Social Identity Theory och Banduras Social Learning Theory diskuterade studien möjligheten att skillnaderna mellan gamers och de som inte identifierar sig som gamers beror på kombinerade effekter av gamers identitetsbildning och vilja att försvara denna, samt subkulturens och spelens normalisering av könsstereotypier. Mot bakgrund av denna studie skulle det i framtiden vara av intresse att studera effekten gaming har på kvinnliga gamers och om de faktiskt blir mer accepterande gentemot könsstereotyper i videospel.Today, gaming is an industry which has a turnover of several billion SEK. Research has shown that people who play videogames, so called gamers, see the characters as being less stereotypical than people who do not game (Gillentine 2007). The aim of the paper was therefore to see whether gamers truly did consider stereotypical characters as less stereotypical than non-gamers did. Five gender stereotypical characters were chosen as examples by conducting a pilot study. Using a survey, 134 participants graded the characters as more or less stereotypical. Besides answering the questions taken from Videogame Experience Survey (Terlecki & Newcombe, 2005), the participants were further asked to grade their own attitudes towards negative research done on gaming. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between identifying oneself as a gamer and a lower grading of gender stereotypicality of the stereotypical characters. However, gender turned out to be an equal indicator, as women in a larger extent than men graded the characters as more stereotypical. From the point of view of Social Identity Theory and Banduras Social Learning Theory it is possible to view the difference between gamers and non-gamers is based on a combination of two things; the gamers identity formation and the need to defend it, and the games normalisation of gender stereotypes. In light of this study, it would be interesting to further look at the effects gaming has on female gamers and whether they truly do become more accepting towards gender stereotypes in video games.
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Visbal, Olga [Verfasser]. "The erosion of stereotypes through intercultural exchange programs : testing Pettigrew's contact theory / Olga Visbal." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1010757733/34.
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Dennemark, Marcus, and Marcus Lewander. "Feminina män och... Maskulina kvinnor? : En kvalitativ interkulturell jämförelsestudie av genuskonstruktion i reklambilder i Sverige och USA." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35056.
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Den här studien syftar till att genom en kvalitativ metod pröva tillförlitligheten i Geert Hofstedes maskulinitetsdimension (MAS). MAS förklaras ingående i uppsatsens inledande kapitel, men är en del i Hofstedes mer övergripande kulturdimensionsteori, som ämnar att förklara kulturella skillnader mellan olika länder (De Moij & Hofstede, 2010). Kulturdimensionsteorin och MAS har prövats i flertalet tidigare interkulturella jämförelsestudier, där man jämfört medieinnehåll i två eller fler länder. Många av dessa studier har varit av kvantitativt slag, och har genom statistiskt säkerställda resultat kunnat legitimera teorin i flera avseenden (Wiles, Wiles & Tjernlund, 1995; An & Kim, 2007; Stoica, Miller & Ardelea, 2011). I vår studie har vi med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys jämfört reklambilder publicerade i livsstilsmagasin i Sverige och USA. Vi har genom att titta på hur genus konstrueras i reklambilder i de båda länderna funnit att reklambilder i svenska livsstilsmagasin innehåller mer icke-stereotypa framställningar av män och kvinnor jämfört med reklambilder funna i amerikanska livsstilsmagasin. Studiens teoretiska grund bygger på ett socialkonstruktionistiskt ramverk, där genusteori och stereotyper utgör en fundamental utgångspunkt för studien. Analysen av materialunderlaget har gjorts med hjälp av bland annat Goffmans (1979) klassifikationer för könsframställning, där även feministisk blickanalys har inkluderats i analysverktyget. Studiens resultat är inte entydiga då det finns många likheter mellan reklambilder publicerade i svenska och amerikanska livsstilsmagasin, men det finns en märkbar skillnad i hur genus konstrueras i reklambilder i de båda länderna, något som går att härleda till den teoretiska grunden i Hofstedes MAS-dimension.This study aims to – through a qualitative method – examine the reliability of Geert Hofstede’s theory of cultural dimensions. More specifically, we are interested in Hofstede’s dimension masculinity/femininity (MAS), which for one tries to explain differences regarding the view on sex and gender between different cultures – a more thorough explanation of MAS follows in the initial chapter of this thesis. There have been several prior studies testing the reliability of MAS; using a quantitative method they have compared media content and advertising in two or more countries, and the results have in most cases legitimized MAS and the theory of cultural dimensions (Wiles, Wiles & Tjernlund, 1995; An & Kim, 2007; Stoica, Miller & Ardelea, 2011). In this study we have compared advertising images published in lifestyle magazines in Sweden and the US using a qualitative text/content analysis. Through examining how gender is constructed in advertising images found in magazines from the two countries, we have found that images published in Swedish magazines contain more non-stereotypical portrayals of men and women than those published in American magazines. When we say more, we don’t mean as in a higher frequency, that would take a quantitative method to determine, but there are more unique themes regarding the construction of gender in Swedish advertising images compared to American. Gender theory and stereotypes have been theoretical foundations of this study, and the actual analysis of images has been conducted using feminist gaze analysis together with Goffman’s (1979) classifications of gender portrayal. The results are not unequivocal since we found similarities regarding gender construction in advertising images in the two countries; however, despite the similarities, there is also a noticeable difference in the construction of gender that can be linked to the theoretical foundation in Hofstedes MAS-dimension.
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Einstein, Catherine Allison. "Uncovering the Unrealistic Domestic Goddess: A Modified Grounded Theory Approach to Gender Stereotypes in Parenting Blogs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83767.
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A modified grounded theory approach was used to analyze 200 parenting blog posts for instances of conforming to or deviating from gender stereotypes. A plethora of research recognizes the negative effects of perpetuating stereotypes on such aspects of life and culture as self-concepts, concepts of others, opportunities, obstacles, and occupations. Social cognitive theory informs how these gender stereotypes can affect parents even through blogs and how parents can then affect their children. Thus, research question one asked: Are there gendered instances in parenting blogs that deviate from or conform to a gender stereotype? and research question two asked: What categories and themes of gendered instances that deviate from or conform to a gender stereotype are present in the blogs? What categories and themes are most prevalent in the blogs? Findings indicated that there were gendered instance in the parenting blogs. Although only 30% of the analyzed blog posts contained gendered instances of deviating from or conforming to stereotypes, 75.6% of those instances were found to conform to a gender stereotype rather than deviate. Moreover, the categories that were present in the blog were as follows: Unrealistic Domestic Goddess, Perceived Gender Conformity of Children, Part-time Domestic Father, Realistic Domestic Mother, Normalizing Feminine Characteristics and Interests in Sons, Full-time Domestic Father, Negative Stereotypes Against Women, and Perceived Gender Nonconformity of Children. The category that was by far the most prevalent was the Unrealistic Domestic Goddess as 75.6% of the gendered instances fell under this category.Master of Arts
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Joseph, Kenneth. "New Methods for Large-Scale Analyses of Social Identities and Stereotypes." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/690.
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Social identities, the labels we use to describe ourselves and others, carry with them stereotypes that have significant impacts on our social lives. Our stereotypes, sometimes without us knowing, guide our decisions on whom to talk to and whom to stay away from, whom to befriend and whom to bully, whom to treat with reverence and whom to view with disgust. Despite these impacts of identities and stereotypes on our lives, existing methods used to understand them are lacking. In this thesis, I first develop three novel computational tools that further our ability to test and utilize existing social theory on identity and stereotypes. These tools include a method to extract identities from Twitter data, a method to infer affective stereotypes from newspaper data and a method to infer both affective and semantic stereotypes from Twitter data. Case studies using these methods provide insights into Twitter data relevant to the Eric Garner and Michael Brown tragedies and both Twitter and newspaper data from the “Arab Spring”. Results from these case studies motivate the need for not only new methods for existing theory, but new social theory as well. To this end, I develop a new sociotheoretic model of identity labeling - how we choose which label to apply to others in a particular situation. The model combines data, methods and theory from the social sciences and machine learning, providing an important example of the surprisingly rich interconnections between these fields.
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Rydberg, Emilia, and Karin Paulsson. "Olika trots identiska? : Stereotypa könsrollers påverkan på attityder till chefers agerande." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44192.
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Ledarrollen definieras ofta stereotypiskt manligt vilket kan vara en möjlig förklaring till det låga antal kvinnor i höga ledarpositioner. Kvinnor anses vara mindre lämpade på grund av den stereotypa kvinnliga könsrollen. Studien undersökte om manliga och kvinnliga mellanchefer skulle bedömas olika beroende på om de visade stereotypiskt manligt (agentic) eller kvinnligt (communal) beteende. De 176 högskolestudenter, varav 80 kvinnor, som deltog läste en vinjett där chefsagerande utifrån könsstereotypa egenskaper samt chefernas kön varierades. Därefter skattade de chefernas grad av communal och agentic egenskaper, samt hur positivt de uppfattade cheferna. Trevägs-ANOVOR visade att kvinnor, till skillnad från män, skattade manliga chefer mer positivt än kvinnliga chefer. Communal chefer bedömdes generellt vara bättre chefer och mer lämpade för rollen än agentic chefer. Resultaten gick emot tidigare studier samt studiens hypoteser, vilket tyder på att en eventuell förändring av den traditionella synen på ledarskap kan vara på gång.
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Noles, Erica C. "Terror management theory and racist attributions : mortality saliency and bias level among black Americans /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-2/nolese/ericanoles.pdf.
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Kling, Martin. "Min pappa är negerkung : En kvalitativ studie av etniska stereotyper i filmatiseringarna om Pippi Långstrump." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-40590.
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The purpose of this paper has been to examine various ethnic stereotypes in two Swedish film adaptations of Astrid Lindgren’s character Pippi Longstocking. I have used a semiotic content analysis and postcolonial theory to investigate: 1) how the ethnic groups are represented in the different materials, 2) if there is a hegemonic relationship between the foreign group and one’s own group, 3) whether there has been a "decolonization" during the twenty years that separate the two films. This study has shown that, in the 1949 adaptation, primarily Africans were produced in a negative light and as biologically inferior in relation to the whites. Furthermore, other ethnic groups, such as Indians, Egyptians, Brazilians, and Danes, were portrayed as scared, alien or different. However, the TV series of 1969 permeates with a greater sense of racial tolerance than its predecessor and, despite remnants of racial stereotyping, the overall tone of the later adaptation feels more progressive.
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Casper, Klaudia. "Spracheinstellungen : Theorie und Messung /." Heidelberg : K. Casper, 2002. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009765708&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Bukowski, Mark. "Men and College Enrollment: A Grounded Theory Study on Understanding how Gender Stereotypes Influence Men and Their Decision-Making." Diss., NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/48.
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The male to female gender gap in higher education continues to average around 40% to 60%. This is a significant societal statistic that will continue to define generations to come and influence the demographics of the workforce and social roles. This Conflict Resolution study strove to find an answer to what are the societal influences impacting male enrollment in a community college in southwest Florida and to explore the role of conflict in prospective male students’ decision-making related to higher education. This question was broken down into sub-areas involving gender roles and society. The study was conducted using a grounded theory approach with an intensive interviewing style. From a larger group of potential interviewees, 17 volunteer participants were selected. The selected participants were enrolled at a southwest Florida community college. As with a grounded theory study, initial coding was used to study fragments of data. This was followed by the second phase of focused coding. During the focused coding phase, the most significant and/or frequent codes were used to sift through and analyze large amounts of data. Memo writing was used to help informally track and chart the important records and data findings thus far in the research process. This study will help high school and college administrators better understand how young males can be better prepared to make a decision to go to college or how to skillfully identify another path to a meaningful life after high school without the conflict of societal views.
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Lindström, Emelie, and Elin Engström. "Könsrollers påverkan på kvinnliga projektledare : En kvalitativ studie om hur kvinnliga projektledare hanterar stereotypa könsbaserade normer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414722.
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Studien ämnar undersöka hur kvinnliga projektledare inom konsultbranschen hanterar stereotypa könsbaserade förväntningar i sin yrkesroll. Mycket pekar på att denna bransch har formats av manliga värderingar och det kan därför förväntas att kvinnor som är projektledare upplever att de behöver agera på specifika sätt för att hantera detta och öka sin legitimitet som projektledare. Därför var syftet med denna studie att beskriva hur kvinnliga projektledare hanterar könsroller och stereotypisering i sin yrkesroll genom att intervjua fyra kvinnliga projektledare. Från intervjuerna framkom det att kvinnorna upplevde att det fanns vissa fördomar och förväntningar relaterade till kvinnligt ledarskap som de behövde hantera i sitt arbete. Resultatet från intervjuerna användes sedan för att bygga upp en ny modell som förklarar hur kvinnliga projektledare hanterar stereotypisering. Baserat på intervjuerna blev slutsatsen att kvinnorna hanterade könsbaserade förväntningar på tre olika sätt. Genom maktsträvan, påverkan och rollanpassning.
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de, Blois Sarah. "Older Workers’ Perspectives on Age and Aging: Exploring the Predictors of Communication Patterns and Knowledge Transfer." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26107.
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The Canadian population is aging, as is the Canadian workforce. Today, four generations find themselves cohabiting in the workforce together. This may have an impact on workplace collaboration and communication, as both of these processes are influenced by group perceptions. Academic research has focused upon workplace interactions mainly from a younger worker’s perspective; hence, the older worker’s voice has been overlooked. The objective of this study is thereby from an older worker’s perspective, to understand how generations perceive each other in the workplace, and further, understand how these perceptions influence intergenerational communication and collaboration. To do so, we have relied upon Communication Accommodation Theory and Social Identity Theory, and have conducted a survey to measure the influence of ageist stereotypes on communication and its accommodation, in addition to such influences on knowledge transfer. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Vaughan-Bonterre, Scott Alexander. "Relationships between White Privilege, Organizational Belongingness, Racial Stereotypes, and Motivation to Lead." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4110.
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Despite changes in the law and efforts by organizational diversity practitioners to expand leadership opportunities for people of color, there is still a sharp contrast in the ratio of white leaders to leaders of color. While much research exists regarding the diversity disparity in leadership, there is little research on factors that influence the motivation to lead. The purpose of this correlational study was to test critical race and leader categorization theories by comparing how the independent variables of white privilege, organizational belongingness, and racial stereotypes affected the dependent variable of motivation to lead of black American versus white American survey respondents. It was hypothesized that the independent variables correlated stronger for white Americans than for black Americans in predicting the motivation to lead. A self-selected sample of 179 adults, drawn from various industries in the United States, completed a voluntary, online survey. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was designed to operationalize study variables and was adapted from existing instruments. Pearson correlations and a multiple linear regression aided in statistically understanding the variables' relationships. Results indicated that effects of white privilege and racial stereotypes had a statistically significant relationship with motivation to lead for black Americans, and organizational belongingness did not. Results also indicated that effects of racial stereotypes had a significant relationship with motivation to lead for the white American population while the other variables did not. This study has implications for positive social change by not only adding a sharper focus on the factors necessary for leaders of color to be successful, but also providing diversity practitioners a north star to change the leadership landscape.
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Norman, Tiffany M. "Examining the Relationship between Test Anxiety and Growth Mindset Among Elementary School Students in a Test-Driven Culture." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami16270571968306.
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Lanevik, Linnea, and Jessica Lindblom. "Lyckas en inkluderande organisation inkludera? : En semiotisk analys av sexuella identiteter i RFSU:s reklamfilmer." Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51880.
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I följande studie har olika sexuella identiteters skildring och inkludering analyserats i tre av RFSU:s reklamfilmer, men med ett specifikt fokus på homosexualitet. RFSU, Riksförbundet för sexuell upplysning, är en etablerad svensk riksorganisation som arbetar med sexual upplysning, preventivmedel, aborträtt, frågor gällande sexualitet och rättigheter. Det framgår att reklamkampanjernas primära fokus är att få fler att använda och prata om kondomer, men också att köpa deras kondomer. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur framställningen och inkluderandet av homosexualitet har sett ut i reklamfilmerna i förhållande till heteronormativa strukturer. Studien behandlar dessutom likheter och skillnader reklamfilmerna emellan. Analysen och resultatredovisningen har genomförts med hjälp av ett queerteoretiskt perspektiv och en semiotisk metod, och dess redskap; denotation, konnotation och myt. Studiens resultat visar att RFSU reproducerar heteronormativa strukturer, även om graden av heteronormativitet varierar i de olika reklamfilmerna.This bachelor thesis contains a study of how people who identify as homosexual, but also to some degree; people who identify as heterosexual, is portrayed in three commercials from RFSU, Swedish Association for Sexuality Education. RFSU is an established Swedish national organization working with questions regarding sexual education, contraceptives, abortion, sexuality, and human rights. The purpose of these three commercials is to encourage the usage of condoms and to deliver the importance of it but the intention is also to get people to buy their condoms. The purpose of this study is to examine how the representation and inclusion of homosexual people are portrayed in the selected commercials. The study also deals with similarities and differences between the commercials. A queer perspective and a semiotic method and its tools denotation, connotation, and myth are implemented in the analysis. The study shows that RFSU reproduce heteronormative structures, even though the extent of heteronormativity variegates and has altered in the three different commercials.
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Keene, Kyra Margaret. "A Thematic Analysis of Gender Stereotypes in Children's Top Mobile Applications of 2018." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99105.
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People around the globe rely on their mobile devices for instant access to entertainment and social media. Children comprise a large majority of individuals who use smartphone applications, particularly for gaming and learning opportunities. Understandably, these apps become part of the identity development process, including the formation of one's gender identity. App developers include gendered content to capture and maintain children's attention, but much of the existing research examines children in late childhood and early adolescence, leaving the ages of six to eight relatively undiscussed. The researcher utilized a thematic analysis to review 20 children's mobile applications for instances of gender stereotypes. Social cognitive theory offers a guiding principle for understanding the process of developing one's gender identity, as well as the role that external stimuli, such as digital media examples and parent models, play. This study aimed to determine whether mobile applications targeting the identified age group use gender stereotypes, as well as how they employ these stereotypes within the application. The researcher randomly selected 20 top children's applications on the Apple App Store and examined them for gendered instances, such as occupations and interests as well as character depictions. The results reflect that instances of gender stereotypes do occur in the children's mobile applications. Many of the applications portrayed feminine stereotypes surrounding nurturing and caregiving tasks ("Mommy in Training"), making it one of the most frequently exploited feminine stereotypes in the sample. The "Boys will be Boys" stereotype comprised the most frequently displayed masculine stereotypes across the studied applications. These findings represent the idea that society places higher value on these stereotypes than others, such as social relationships ("The Power of Motivational Friendship") or recklessness ("The Risk Taker"). Implications include modeling of traditionally masculine and feminine stereotypes for young users by utilizing popular characters recognizable by most children in the target age range.Master of Arts
Handheld electronic devices, such as smartphones and tablets, encompass some of the most widely used electronic devices in today's society. Most families in America have at least one mobile device with internet capability. Apple, the manufacturer of perhaps the most popular brand of electronic devices, pre-install their App Store on all devices they sell, giving users instant access to hundreds of thousands of different mobile applications that offer functions to make every aspect of life simpler. Young children spend a significant amount of their time playing games on these devices, although the American Academy of Pediatrics (2017) recommends that parents limit their children's daily screen time to no more than 2 hours, depending on the age of the child. The games that children download and play impose a number of different messages and stereotypes on their users, including gender stereotypes. Due to the substantial time children dedicate to these apps, the messages communicated regarding gender play crucial roles in the development of their gender identity. Social cognitive theory offers valuable insight and guidance into the gender identity development process. Therefore, the present study examines the gender stereotypes conveyed within 20 of the top children's mobile applications available on the Apple App Store in April 2018. The researcher randomly selected 20 children's applications, 10 each from the Top Free and Top Paid categories and examined them for gendered instances, such as occupations and interests as well as character depictions. The results reflect that instances of gender stereotypes do occur in the children's mobile applications. These represent the idea that society places higher value on certain stereotypes, like being caring and nurturing ("Mommy in Training") or engaging in messy, adventurous play ("Boys will be Boys"), than others, such as social relationships ("The Power of Motivational Friendship") or recklessness ("The Risk Taker"). Implications include modeling of traditionally masculine and feminine stereotypes for young users by utilizing popular characters recognizable by most children in the target age range.
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Motsi, Terence. "The Influence of National Stereotypes on Country Image and Product Country Image: A Social Identity and Consumer Culture Theory Approach." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1472244770.
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Liu, Xiyuan. "Homosexual Representation Diversity in Media: The Role of Associative Interference in Diminishing Stereotypes and Improving Attitudes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1354656326.
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Ho, Megan E. "Why did they shoot? The Power of Media with Attribution Theory." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/962.
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Mass shootings, whether on a smaller scale or a large scale, take place frequently (LaFraniere, Cohen, & Oppel, 2015). Yet the media only covers a small fraction of crime events, and those selected often gather large amounts of attention. This is problematic because by only focusing on the only most extreme and newsworthy cases, the media distorts the general public's understanding of crime in the United States, and a person's actual likelihood of victimization (Schildkraut & Elsass, 2016). The purpose of the proposed study is to investigate in a nationally represented sample how individuals’ causal attributions for a school shooting with an Asian shooter, as well as whether media influence moderate their attitudes toward the shooter. Participants will be subjected to one of two media conditions, editorial type news or straight news, regarding a shooting and then will answer casual attribution questions and perceptions of the shooter. Participants who judge in-group members as the shooter are predicted to more likely to attribute the crime to external than individuals who judge out-group members. Also, it is predicted that individuals who judge out-group members as a shooter will not be more likely to attribute the crime to internal factors than individuals who judge in-group members. Lastly, it is predicted that editorial type news will influence individuals to attribute the shooting more to both external and internal factors than straight news would. This study may add important information on how media should be portrayed, and further explore attributions that are made against shooters. Implications for future research are also discussed.
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Adams, Nessa Cecelia. "Cultural diversity communication strategies in UK and US advertising agencies : a Bourdieusian analysis." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15825.
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The rise of black and minority ethnic (BME) populations in the UK and US in recent years has led to the introduction of cultural diversity communication strategies within the advertising industry. These strategies draw on beliefs, and cultural and religious values to specifically target BME audiences. This thesis examines the processes involved in creating these strategies, by analysing the discourse and working practices of advertising practitioners. By drawing on interviews and ethnographic observations in eight advertising agencies in the UK and US, it compares the differences in producing cultural diversity communication strategies between a) the general market agencies targeting mass audiences, and b) the emerging cultural diversity agencies only targeting BME audiences. I argue that the creation of these strategies is subject to powerful constraints and institutional racism, limiting market opportunities for advertising. The thesis starts by bringing together Bourdieu's theories of habitus and field theory (1977; 1984; 1993) with contemporary studies of the relationship between 'race' and media practices. This union sets the foundation for my adaption of field theory to analyse contemporary advertising practices and to examine how discourse, working practices and 'professional advertising organisations' reinforce racist ideologies and audience exclusion. In the second part of the thesis, this theoretical framework is applied to the fieldwork. Firstly, my analysis evidences the manifestation of racism across the field and how racial stereotypes are developed. Secondly, these attitudes shape the exclusionary practices that affect how CD communication strategies are executed, particularly in the UK. Lastly, I examine two 'diversity' events run by 'professional advertising organisations', analysing how they set 'good practice' standards and the power they have in shaping working practices across the industry. Ultimately, this thesis goes beyond existing studies on racial representations, and investigates the relationship between racism and intentionality amongst the industry's powerful constraints.