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1

Westman, Malin. "Att bryta mot stereotypen : Fyra icke-stereotyper på arbetsplatsen berättar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60840.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån kvalitativ data synliggöra perspektiv på genus och könsstereotyper, i kombination med organisation. Empirin utgår från fyra informanters perspektiv på dessa frågor, med utgångspunkt från deras egen arbetssituation. Grunden i intervjuerna har varit hur informanterna ställer sig till det faktum att de befinner sig i minoritet könsmässigt på arbetsplatsen och hur detta påverkar arbetssituationen, samt vad som gjort att de valt att bryta könsmönstret i ett annars segregerat arbetsliv. Teorin tar sin utgångspunkt i skapandet av kön och genus i kombination med organisation. Samt lyfts en diskussion kring avvikelse som utgår från Erving Goffmans begrepp stigma. Resultaten visar att informanterna varit medvetna om sin minoritetssituation, både i positiv och också i negativ bemärkelse. Mestadels anser de dock att de kunnat ingå som en del av gruppgemenskapen. De har dock alla vid olika tillfällen tvingats ta ställning till den könsstruktur som finns på arbetsplatsen.<br>The purpose of this paper, which is based on qualitative data, is to highlight the perspectives of gender and gender stereotypes, in combination to organization. The empirical data is based on four individuals’ perspectives on these issues, based on their work situation. The basis of the interviews has been to understand the informants' attitudes, to the fact that they are in gender minority at the workplace, and how this affects the work situation. And also what made them chose to break the gender pattern in an otherwise segregated working life. The theory is based on the creation of sex and gender in combination to organization. And also a discussion on difference is raised, based on Erving Goffman's definition of stigma. The results show that the informants have been aware of their gender minority position, both in positive and also in a negative sense. They have all at various times been forced to consider the gender structure at the workplace. Though, mostly they believe that they can be a part of the group, despite their minority situation.
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Schaal, Bernd. "Willentliche Kontrolle stereotypen Denkens : Intentionseffekte auf die Aktivierung von Stereotypen /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1997. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB6572377.

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Gustafsson, Miriam, and Johanna Pernklev. "Mannen, myten... Stereotypen? : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av hur manliga stereotyper konstrueras i tidningen Cafés reklamannonser." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20367.

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The discussion about gender and ideals shown in mass media is a subject of great importance for the society in general. Media is playing an essential part when it comes to establish standards and values and we are constantly exposed to all types of impressions, whether we are aware or not. It is therefore of great importance that we understand how stereotypes are built and to gain a deep knowledge that would enrich the area of Media and Communication Studies. The aim and focus of this study was to analyze how male stereotypes is communicated in print advertising and how visual means of expressions helps to construct the masculinities shown. From a semiotic analysis of seven print adverts appearing in the Swedish lifestyle Magazine Café were we able to gain a thorough understanding about how male stereotypes are communicated and built. The result showed that different kinds of stereotypes are in fact used but it is still a hegemonic masculinity that is predominating. Traditional male characteristics are still in use but we were able to see strong indications of effemination, sexualizing and objectifying. Metro sexuality is a recurring feature in the adverts, and one of the factors that indicate that masculinity is something complex and multi layered. Our study also shows that activity is still essential when it comes to form male qualities, but the impression of the same are nowadays of more importance than the actual activity itself. Attributes and surroundings are key components, and something that implicates that the social climate is focusing on material things.
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Bredenbröker, Dagmar. "Studie zum stereotypen Laufen bei Hauspferden." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2003/246/index.html.

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Bassewitz, Susanne von. "Stereotypen und Massenmedien : zum Deutschlandbild in französischen Tageszeitungen /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354989272.

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Klooth, Astrid. ""Auto" - Stereotypen? deutsche, britische und französische Fahrzeugwerbung im Vergleich /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981142141.

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Horn, Lydia. "Generation 50+ in der Werbung visuelle Stereotypen in der Printwerbung." Saarbrücken VDM, Müller, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2832931&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Horn, Lydia. "Generation 50+ in der Werbung : visuelle Stereotypen in der Printwerbung /." Saarbrücken : VDM-Verl. Müller, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2832931&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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9

Nordin, Josefin. "Krigaren, martyren och stereotypen : Den kvinnliga hjälten inom digitala spel." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15396.

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Denna studies frågeställning handlar om hur manliga och kvinnliga spelare uppfattar kvinnliga hjältinnor inom digitala spel av actiongenren.  I bakgrunden presenteras termer såsom troper, stereotyper och arketyper med underlag från tidigare undersökningar och deras slutsatser. För att besvara frågeställningen så utfördes en förstudie av redan existerande spel. De kvinnliga hjältinnornas personlighetsdrag kopplades till arketyper för en hjälte där martyren och krigaren valdes för vidare studie. Därefter skapades ett kort, textbaserat spel där två kvinnliga hjältinnor byggts efter de två nämnda arketyperna med stöd från förstudiens som inspiration. En kvalitativ studie i form av observationer och intervjuer med deltagare av respektive biologiska kön utfördes sedan. Resultatet visade att krigaren ansågs mer intressant och beskrevs med maskulina attribut och personlighetsdrag medan martyren ansågs vara mindre intressant och beskrevs med feminina attribut och personlighetsdrag. Ett framtida arbete hade kunnat analysera transpersoner och icke-binäras uppfattning av dessa arketyper och karaktärer.
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Pümpel-Mader, Maria. "Personenstereotype : eine linguistische Untersuchung zu Form und Funktion von Stereotypen /." Heidelberg : Universitätsverlag Winter, 2010. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3341232&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Kaiser, Irmtraud. "Bundesdeutsch aus österreichischer Sicht eine Untersuchung zu Spracheinstellungen, Wahrnehmungen und Stereotypen." Mannheim IDS, 2003. http://www.ids-mannheim.de/pub/laufend/amades/ama06-2.html.

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Häggström, Sara, and Jenny Magnusson. "Den maktfulla stereotypen : En studie om mötet mellan backpackers och lokalbefolkning." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för turismvetenskap och geografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-25379.

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Sahliger, Martina. "AIDS und Stereotypen in der Gesellschaft untersucht an Presse und autobiographischer Literatur /." [S.l.] : Universität Konstanz , Philosophische Fakultät, Fachgruppe Literaturwissenschaft, 1999. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8501007.

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Stetten, Franziska von. "Imageänderung Deutschlands durch die FIFA WM 2006 : Stereotypen, interkulturelle Kommunikation, Erwartungs- und Wahrnehmungsabgleich, Einflussfaktoren /." Bochum : Brockmeyer, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993523080/04.

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Rush, Ladonna Lewis. "Stereotyping in black and white : differences in stereotype knowledge and stereotype use /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1997.

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Grimm, Nancy. "Beyond the "imaginary Indian" zur Aushandlung von Stereotypen, kultureller Identität & Perspektiven in/mit indigener Gegenwartsliteratur." Heidelberg Winter, 2007. http://d-nb.info/992465494/04.

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Grimm, Nancy. "Beyond the "imaginary Indian" : zur Aushandlung von Stereotypen, kultureller Identität & Perspektiven in/mit indigener Gegenwartsliteratur /." Heidelberg : Universitätsverlag Winter, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3238651&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Keijzer, Boukje Simkje Cornelia. "Changing perspectives conclusions and conjectures about context effects in group perception /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : Kurt Lewin Instituut] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/61704.

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Sielschott, Stephan [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Weller. "Stereotypen-Framing : eine theorienintegrative und interdisziplinäre Analyse der Zeitungsberichterstattung über marginalisierte soziale Gruppen / Stephan Sielschott. Betreuer: Christoph Weller." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027184073/34.

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Pleitner, Berit. "Die "vernünftige" Nation : zur Funktion von Stereotypen über Polen und Franzosen im deutschen nationalen Diskurs 1850 bis 1871." Frankfurt am Main ; Berlin ; Bern [etc.] : P. Lang, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39019960b.

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Hall, Leslie. "Facebook and Stereotypes: How Facebook Users Process Stereotype-Consistent and Stereotype-Inconsistent Information with Varying Cognitive Loads." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/668.

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This study builds on previous research analyzing the effects of cognitive busyness on recall of stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent information by examining the real-world context of Facebook profiles. College students (N = 160) were randomly assigned to either a cognitively busy or unbusy condition. They then looked at either the profile of an African-American male or female target. After, they were given a recall test to assess the number of stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent descriptors correctly recalled. Results were expected to show that participants recalled more stereotype-consistent information when cognitively busy, even more so for male targets. Conversely, participants were expected to recall more stereotype-inconsistent information when cognitively unbusy, even more so for male targets. Neither cognitive busyness nor the interaction between cognitive busyness and target gender affected the type of information participants recalled. Both results were inconsistent with previous research. Future research should find ways to strengthen the construct validity of measures as they operate in real-world contexts such as Facebook.
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Heyder, Anke [Verfasser]. "Mehr als Erwartungen und Werte: Zur Rolle von Stereotypen für den differenziellen Schulerfolg von Mädchen und Jungen / Anke Heyder." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072410699/34.

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Kim, Kwangok. "Developing a stereotype index of gender role stereotypes in television advertising /." Available to subscribers only, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1068248591&sid=25&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Nussbaum, Arthur David. "Confronting stereotype threat : the motivation to disprove and avoid confirming stereotypes /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Nintemann, Gabriele. ""Auf eigene Gefahr" Stereotypen zum Journalismus ; ein deutsch-amerikanischer Vergleich von Einstellungs- und Darstellungsmustern zum Journalismus in Facts und Fiction /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969476116.

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Latsch, Martin [Verfasser]. "„Schlaue Mädchen – dumme Jungs?!“ : Der Einfluss von negativen Stereotypen über Jungen auf Leistung, Motivation und Gruppenprozesse im Klassenzimmer. / Martin Latsch." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064307124/34.

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Peer, Christian. "Stereotypes and slang a survey of national stereotyping in English slang." Stuttgart Ibidem-Verl, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2852099&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Keller, Kyle Tinnell. "THE ROLE OF PERSONAL IDENTITY IN STEREOTYPE THREAT SPORTS STEREOTYPES AND VIRTUAL WORLDS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192500.

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Walldén, Yrsa. ""I'm not a box. There's more than four sides to me." : En kvalitativ textanalys av karaktären Kurt Hummel och den homosexuella stereotypen." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Bildproduktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-6213.

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Arbetet består av en närläsning av karaktären Kurt Hummel i tv-serien Glee med fokus på stereotyper för homosexuella män, och hur Kurt förhåller sig till dem stereotyperna. Studien är gjord utifrån ett queerteoretiskt perspektiv och visar att Kurt i viss mån framställs stereotypt i seriens tidigare avsnitt, men att han efter hand uppvisar ett djup och komplexitet som man inte ofta ser hos homosexuella karaktärer på tv.
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Crawford, Kevin Charles. "Men's stereotypes of women in management are women aware of how they are stereotyped? /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/crawford/CrawfordK0506.pdf.

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Thiem, Kelsey. "Gender stereotypes and academic performance : the influence of salient role models on stereotype validation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2283.

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People commonly seek out role models when they want to achieve their goals because role models help people believe that success is possible and demonstrate how to achieve it. Because seeking out role models is a common occurrence, a great deal of research has been devoted to understanding the effects that they can have on those who look up to them. One effect that has not been previously examined is the extent to which role models can affect people’s certainty in their previous performance perceptions. Evaluative certainty is often increased for people when their performance perceptions are confirmed by the presence of a congruent stereotype: a phenomenon known as stereotype validation. Stereotype validation has been shown to effect women within stereotypically male domains. Importantly, higher evaluative certainty predicts negative downstream outcomes for these women, including lower beliefs in their math ability and reduced expectations for a future math performance. The goal of the current research was to investigate whether the salience of female role models reduces or enhances women’s evaluative certainty following stereotype validation. Four studies reveal partial support for the certainty reduction hypothesis. Stereotype-validated women are less certain of their poor performance perceptions when they are exposed to female role models.
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Eberlen, Julia. "Learning about Groups: The Self and Social Networks in the Emergence of Stereotypes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/305347.

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Stereotypes are often considered to exist as a consequence of categorizing people into different groups, our belonging (or not) to the group, and our exposure to perceived covariation between group member’s physical and psychological characteristics However, the process of stereotype learning itself is not always taken into account. In my thesis, I hypothesized that people will categorize artificial social stimuli into groups, and learn to associate them with descriptions compatible with stereotype content, even if they are not actively made aware of such a connection. This learning process is influenced by the individuals process on the one, and its social environment on the other. First, we find that people learn stereotypes in the absence of explicit information about the existence of social outgroups. For stimuli with equal baseline valence, the contrast between perceived stereotypes was stronger when the stereotypical information was more distinctive for one social group over the other. When baseline valence was not the same, stereotype-consistent information increased this difference while non-stereotypical information led to less stereotypical differentiation between the groups.Second, when participants are themselves part of a group, stereotype consistent information is readily integrated into the group impression. For stereotype inconsistent information, and within the context of experimentally induced group belonging, participants did learn the (counter) stereotypical information, but the identification with the group decreased. Finally, the focus is again on outgroup stereotype learning, but this time in the context of small social networks. The aim here was to isolate network structure from social interaction per se and investigate whether structure alone influences the emergence of stereotypes. People learned from each other in these distinct network configurations, i.e. in a fully connected network or a star network. Different from the other studies, participants decided themselves how a member of our experimental social groups was presented to other participants. This way, we could observe whether stereotypes emerge as a consequence of social interaction, restricted by their network ties. We found that participants will learn outgroup stereotypes consistent with the covariation between group stimuli and description to which they were exposed in their respective network. However, the network structure itself does not contribute to stereotype learning or emergence.<br>Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Westphal, Nico [Verfasser], Lutz-Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Schön, Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Grebe-Ellis, and Volkhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Nordmeier. "Evaluation von phänomenbasiertem Physikunterricht : seine Merkmale und Wirkungen auf Stereotypen, Selbstkonzept und Interesse / Nico Westphal. Gutachter: Lutz-Helmut Schön ; Johannes Grebe-Ellis ; Volkhard Nordmeier." Berlin : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054728356/34.

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Denise, Gustafsschöld. "Stereotyper kring hundägare : En studie om stereotyper avseende svenska hundägare." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33408.

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Stereotyper är vanliga sätt för oss människor att förenkla och underlätta situationer vi stöter på i vår omgivning. Trots fördelarna en förenklad vardag innebär kan stereotyper även innebära negativa konsekvenser, så som diskriminering eller utanförskap.  I denna studie undersöktes svenskars föreställning av typiska ägare till fem olika hundraser (labrador, pudel, pitbull, tax och chihuahua) med syfte att undersöka om stereotyper förekommer rörande svenska hundägare och om dessa stereotyper skiljer sig åt mellan hundägare och icke-hundägare.  Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en enkät som publicerades på det sociala mediet Facebook. 120 personer deltog i studien, varav 27 var män och 93 var kvinnor. Deltagarna var mellan 18 och 60 år gamla, med en medelålder av 29,6 år (Sd=9,6). Deltagarna fick besvara frågor rörande hur de föreställde sig typiska hundägare till de fem raserna, samt gradera hur väl de instämde med tolv påståenden avseende acceptans för stereotyper i allmänhet. I slutet av enkäten fick deltagarna även besvara bakgrundsfrågor rörande dennes kön, ålder, utbildningsnivå, om denne hade hund eller inte, samt vilken inställning denne hade till hundar i allmänhet.  Resultatet pekar på att det i mycket stor utsträckning finns gemensamma uppfattningar om hur ägare till olika hundraser ter sig när det gäller allt från frisyr till ålder. Det visade sig inte finnas någon större skillnad  mellan de två grupperna när det gällde stereotypt tänkande.  Avseende enkätdelen rörande acceptans för stereotyper visade sig deltagarna ha en relativt låg grad av acceptans, vilket är intressant eftersom de samtidigt uppvisade stereotypa tankesätt när de svarade på frågorna om de olika hundraserna.  Studien har visat att stereotypt tänkande mest troligen förekommer kring olika hundrasers ägare, att medvetandegöra stereotypers förekomst kan vara en viktig aspekt för att minska risken för ytterligare stereotyper.<br>Stereotypes are common ways for human beings to simplify and facilitate situations they face in their surroundings. Despite the advantages of simplyfied living, stereotypes could lead to negative consequences, such as discrimination or exclusion.  This study investigated Swedes ideas regarding typical owners of five different dog breeds (labrador, poodle, pitbull, dachshund and chihuahua). The aim of the study was to examine whether stereotypes exist regarding swedish dog owners, and if these stereotypes differ between dog owners and non dog owners.  The study was performed using a questionnaire which was posted om Facebook. 120 persons participated, 27 men and 93 women. The participants were between 18 and 60 years old (mean=29,6 Sd=9,6). Each participant was asked to answer several questions regarding their idea of typical dog owners of the five breeds, and then grade how well they agreed to twelve statements regarding acceptance of stereotypes in general. At the end of the questionnaire, the participant answered background questions such as age, gender, level of education, if they themselves were dog owners and their attitude towards dogs in general.   The results show that stereotypes exist in great extent regarding the appearance of owners to different breeds. There was not much difference between the two groups when it came to stereotypical thinking.  Regarding acceptance for stereotypes in general this study showed that the participants show a low degree of acceptance, which is interesting because they at the same time showed stereotypical thinking when they answered the questions about the different breeds.  This study has shown that stereotypical thinking most likely occurs regarding owners of certain breeds. To sensitize stereotypes occurrence may be an important aspect to reduce the risk of further stereotypes.
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Mazza, Moneta Elisabetta. "Deutsche und Italiener : der Einfluss von Stereotypen auf interkulturelle Kommunikation : deutsche und italienische Selbst- und Frembilder und ihre Wirkung auf die Wahmehmung von italiern in Deutschland /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388884116.

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Johansson, Frida. "Stereotypa kulturer i västerländsk media : En studie om människors uppfattning om etniska stereotyper inom karaktärsdesign." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12319.

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Arbetet undersöker stereotypiserade icke-västerländska kulturer i västerländsk media i form av två sorters karaktärsgestaltningar. Den ena gestaltningen bygger på historiska referenser medan den andra går efter en populärkulturell representation av kulturerna. Arbetet tar upp pseudovetenskapen fysionomi för att skapa en förståelse för stereotyper och vad som gör dem negativa eller positiva. Sex informanter deltog i undersökningen som bestod av att utföra webbenkäter som följdes upp av intervjuer. Enkäterna hade för avsikt att lägga en grund för intervjuerna och ge forskaren en överblick av informanternas åsikter. Resultatet visade att det förekom en skillnad i hur informanterna beskrev de två olika bildgrupperna. De populärkulturella kopplades i större grad till de valda kulturerna men de historiskt förankrade varianterna ansågs vara mer trovärdiga i en historisk kontext. Eftersom så få informanter deltog går det inte att göra ett generellt antagande utan en större undersökning med fler informanter bör utföras.
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Aktan, Timucin. "Compensatory Nature Of Mixed Stereotypes: An Investigation Of Underlying Mechanisms In The Framework Of Stereotype Content Model." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614349/index.pdf.

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The present dissertation aims to investigate cognitive and motivational underpinnings of stereotype contents in differing contexts. This dissertation consisted of two related sections. In the first section, comparison was suggested as the cognitive process underlying the implicit competence and warmth attributions toward businesswomen and homemakers. Four studies using Go/No Go Association Task were conducted to investigate the comparison process. Findings of the studies indicated that comparison has a significant impact on implicit mixed stereotypes. Implicit mixed stereotypes were not observed when target groups and attributes were presented in non-comparative context (Study 1). However, implicit stereotype contents were obvious in comparative context (Study 2). Finally, implicit stereotype contents of homemakers and businesswomen were shaped in accordance to the part of the context that was comparative (i.e. group comparison in Study 3 and attribute comparison in Study4). In the second section of the dissertation, comparison process was related to individuals&rsquo<br>compensation tendency. Two studies were conducted to examine the compensation tendency in the framework of System Justification Theory. In the first study (Study 5), presentation order of the target groups was manipulated. By this way, participants were not aware of the second group. Findings indicated that participants tended to compensate their first ratings toward homemakers and businesswomen. Furthermore, ambivalent sexism moderated the compensation tendency. In the second study (Study 6), both groups were presented together. Neither order of presentation nor its interactions were significant. Findings of the studies were discussed in the light of relevant literature.
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Stein, Renee. "Negative age stereotypes and older adults' memory performance : an examination of age stereotype activation and underlying mechanisms." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29329.

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39

Young, Kelcei. "And the Stereotype Award Goes to...: A Comparative Analysis of Directors using African American Stereotypes in Film." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609173/.

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This study examines African American stereotypes in film. I studied six directors, Kathryn Bigelow, Spike Lee, the Russo Brothers, Ryan Coogler, Tate Taylor, and Dee Rees; and six films Detroit, BlacKkKlansman, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, The Help, and Mudbound. Using the framework of critical race theory and auteur theory, I compared the common themes between the films and directors. The main purpose of my study is to see if White or Black directors predominantly used African American stereotypes. I found that both races of directors rely on stereotypes for different purposes. With Black directors, the stereotype was explained further through character development, while the White directors used the stereotype at face value with no further explanation.
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40

Allen, Ben. "Threatening the Heart and Mind of Gender Stereotypes: Can Imagined Contact Influence the Physiology of Stereotype Threat?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27746.

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Research shows that when a gender stereotype is made salient and the target of the stereotype is asked to perform in the stereotyped domain, targets of the stereotype often perform at a lower level compared to situations when the stereotype was not made salient (Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999). Current models of stereotype threat show that increased physiological arousal and reduced working memory capacity partially explain this decrement in performance (Ben-Zeev, Fein, & Inzlicht, 2005; Schmader, Johns, & Forbes, 2008). Furthermore, the noticeable absence of female faculty and students in math and science departments at coed universities throughout the United States may increase the belief in gender stereotypes and discourage women from pursuing careers in these fields (Dasgupta & Asgari, 2004). Contact with counter-stereotypical exemplars, such as female science experts, decreases belief in gender stereotypes and increases womenâ s motivation to pursue careers in science (Stout, Dasgupta, Hunsinger, & McManus, 2011). Thus, the present study examined whether imagining an interpersonal interaction with a counter-stereotypic exemplar removes the physiological and performance effects of stereotype threat. However, the stereotype threat manipulation failed to elicit a strong stereotype threat effect on performance or physiology. Only reaction time and high frequency heart rate variability were sensitive to the stereotype threat induction. The imagination manipulation significantly attenuated the physiological effects of stereotype threat, whereas the reaction time effects were only marginally significant. Limitations and future directions for stereotype threat and imagined contact are discussed.<br>Ph. D.
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Moser, Rebekka. "IgG Antiköperbestimmung gegen Haemophilus influenza Typ b, Streptococcus pneumoniae Stereotypen 14 und 19F und Clostridium tetani Toxin in Nabelschnurseren und Seren von 0-6 Monate alten Säuglingen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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42

Gabor, Elena. "The stereotype caravan: Assessment of stereotypes and ideology levels used to portray Gypsies in two European feature films." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34160.

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The dominant ideology in Eastern Europe has kept and still keeps Roma people at the lowest level of society through a long list of negative stereotypes and active discrimination. Up to the end of the twentieth century, cinematography tended to portray Gypsies as an exotic element in romantic settings, avoiding social and political issues like poverty, discrimination and marginalization. The fall of communism marked a change, as more films dared to speak against the dominant ideology. This thesis examines the socio-cultural stereotypes used to portray the Gypsies and the levels of ideology present in two movies: Gadjo Dilo (Tony Gatlif, 1997, France) and Time of the Gypsies (Emir Kusturica, 1989, Yugoslavia).<br>Master of Arts
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43

Högsta, Sophie, and Carl Myhrén. "Genus, stereotyper och spel : En studie om igenkänning av stereotypt kroppsspråk hos spelkaraktärer utifrån ett genusperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17020.

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Stereotyper, gällande bland annat genus, förekommer ofta i spel, och därför har vi valt att granska detta område. Arbetets frågeställning löd: Vilka attityder har grafiker inom spelutveckling till stereotypa könsrepresentationer av spelkaraktärer, samt hur, och varför, de skulle kunna implementera dessa åsikter i framtida dataspel för att återspegla mer inkludering och mångfald genom karaktärsdesign? För att besvara frågeställningen skapades två 3D-modellerade karaktärer, en man och en kvinna, som sedan poserades i 10 stereotypa kroppshållningar. Dessa utgjorde artefakten. Resultatet från undersökningen visade att män och kvinnor har ungefär samma uppfattning av könsstereotypa poseringar, men att de ibland uppfattar olika känslor och karaktärsdrag. Det framkom även att informanterna tycker att grafiker har ett ansvar kring stereotyp karaktärsgestaltning, och vill se en förändring. I framtiden skulle resultatet kunna motivera spelutvecklare att reducera användandet av stereotyper, och som en språngbräda för att, bland annat, diskutera porträtteringen av män och kvinnor i spel.
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Forbes, Chad Edward. "Lessons Learned from a Clockwork Orange: How Retraining Implicit Attitudes and Stereotypes Affects Motivation and Performance under Stereotype Threat." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195809.

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While evidence suggests stereotype threat effects invade conscious levels of processing, less is known about the role that implicit processes play in stereotype threat. Results from four studies indicate that implicit attitudes and stereotypes play a unique role in motivation and performance in stereotype threatening contexts. Women trained to have positive implicit math attitudes exhibited increased math motivation in general (Study 1). This effect was magnified among stereotype threatened women when negative stereotypes had either been primed subtly (Study 2) or implicitly reinforced (Study 3). Implicit attitudes had no effect on working memory capacity or performance however. Conversely, after retraining women to associate their gender with being good at math, they exhibited increased working memory capacity (Studies 3 and 4) and increased math performance (Study 4) in stereotype threatening situations. The enhanced performance that resulted from the positive stereotype reinforcement was mediated by the increased working memory capacity. Thus while implicit attitudes appear important for motivating stigmatized individuals to engage with stigmatized domains, stereotypes play a key role in undermining cognitive capacity that is critical for success in the domain.
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Szilágyi, Tomáš. "Gendrové stereotypy v reklame." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77891.

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This thesis is focused on gender stereotypes commonly displayed in television commercials. It examines, in what typical ways are male and female roles presented and to what kind of commercials is usually assigned to. Whole thesis is divided in two parts. First, theoretical part, explains basic terminology and discusses gender aspects present in media and advertisment. Second, practical part is composed of two main experimental methods. First one, quantitative content analysis is focused on gender stereotypes in 160 television commercials. Second one, consists of evaluation of 60 questionnaires also focused on gender stereotypes.
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Dinh, Han. "Asian American Stereotyping in the Media and Its Negative Impact on the Asian American Community." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/882.

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Americans felt threatened by Asian immigration in the late 19th century. As a result, Asian Americans were stereotyped as foreign and dangerous. The United States government supported Asian American stereotyping by passing prohibitive immigration policies. These policies were a reflection of discrimination and institutionalized racism at the time. Asian American stereotyping still exists today, but in covert form. The media plays a powerful role in perpetuating these covert stereotypes. Asian American stereotypes negatively impact the Asian American community in a number of ways, including ostracizing Asian Americans, making Asian American issues invisible, and harming the mental health of the Asian American community. As a result, stereotypes increase cumulative stress for Asian Americans, and also decrease Asian American community support. This paper reviews and provides recommendations to help reduce stereotypes and also change media representations of Asian Americans.
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Åhlander, Karolina, and Anna Jost. "Stereotyper: en omedveten kategorisering. : En jämlikhetsanalys av Intryck- Värmlands landstings personaltidning." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33517.

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Jämlikhet är något som ligger i tiden. Hur jämlikhetsmedvetna är egentligen dagens medier? Vi har på uppdrag av Värmlandslandsting gjort en jämlikhetanalys av deras personaltidning, Intryck. En tidning som når samtliga anställda inom organisationen. Vi har gjort en text- och bildanalys med utgångspunkt från ett analysverktyg vi kallar för jämlikhetstrappan. Vårt syfte har varit att urskilja stereotyper och om tidningen använder sig av sitt befintliga underlag för att göra tidningen så jämlik som möjligt. Vi använder oss av dagordningsteorin för att belysa på vilket sätt media och stereotyper kan påverka samhällets tankar och normer. Det olika stereotyper vi innefattar i jämlikhetsanalysen är genus, klass och mångfald. I mångfald innefattar vi ålder, etniciteter och personer med funktionshinder. Resultatet vi har urskilt är att tidningen vid en första anblick ger en bild av att vara jämlik. De lyfter upp jämlikhet vilket utifrån dagordningsteorin bidrar till att de skapas en opinion om ämnet. Vid en djupare analys kan vi se att tidningen använder sig av stereotyper, då särskilt när det handlar om genus och klass. Vi har genom analysen kunnat konstatera att det sättet tidningen använder sig av stereotyper både bidrar till att upprätthålla dem och förstärka dem men också i vissa fall till att försvaga dem. Dock är det svårt att bryta stereotyper då försöket att bryta en stereotyp snarare kan leda till att det blir undantaget som bekräftar stereotypen.<br>With equality constantly present on the agenda today, how equality conscious is today’s media? At the request of Värmland County Council we have made an equality-analysis of their staff paper, Intryck, which reaches all employees within the organization. On the basis of our analysis method we call the equality-stairs, we have analyzed text and images with the purpose to identify stereotypes and to see if existing data is used to make the paper as equal as possible. We use the theory of agenda setting to illustrate how the media and stereotypes can affect society's thoughts and norms. The various stereotypes we include in the analysis are gender, class and diversity. In diversity, we include age, ethnicities and people with disabilities. The result we have discerned is that the paper at first glance gives an image of being equal. They highlight the topic of equality and based on the theory of agenda setting we could see that they contribute to the creation of a public opinion on the subject. But with further analysis we could see that the magazine uses stereotypes when doing so, especially when it comes to gender and class. Through our analysis we came to the conclusion that the way stereotypes are used, the paper contributes to maintain and strengthen them but in some cases also challenge them. But it seems like the attempt to break stereotypes can sometimes become the exception that confirms the rule.
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48

Sturdivant, Manasia. "Fulfilling Positive Stereotypical Expectations, Performance Boosts or Performance Decrements?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83597.

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There is plenty of research on effects of negative stereotypes on performance, but less is known about effects of positive stereotypes. Research examining effects of positive stereotypes on performance has found mixed, often competing, results; positive stereotypes have been shown to lead to performance decrements, performance boosts, both boosts and decrements, or neither. One goal of the current study was to examine how domain identification, mode of stereotype activation, group membership of social referents, and valence of performance feedback (i.e. threat salience antecedents) influence whether positive stereotypes harm or benefit performance. I asserted that different combinations of the aforementioned variables would result in differential levels of threat salience, which I define as feelings of stress or pressure that arise from a dynamic interplay between performance motivation, anxiety and self-efficacy. Furthermore, as threat salience increased performance boosts from the positively stereotyped identity were expected to decrease and eventually lead to performance decrements. I also aimed to pinpoint the exact condition, or level of threat salience, that would lead to the switch from performance boosts to performance decrements (i.e. a tipping point). The threat salience antecedents of social referent’s group membership and feedback valence were combined to create a 2 (male/negative feedback vs female/positive feedback) X 2 (implicit activation vs explicit activation) design with a measured causal antecedent (domain identification). Participants took part in a laboratory study utilizing the positive stereotype that females are better than males at verbal ability tasks. Before arriving to the lab, participants were required to complete measures of verbal ability domain identification. Upon arrival to the lab, participants completed one trial of verbal ability items before being exposed to one of the four combinations of threat salience antecedents; following the manipulations, participants completed a subsequent trial of verbal ability items. The results of the study did not support the hypotheses; greater threat salience was not found to lead to worse performance nor was there support for a tipping point whereby performance boosts shifted to performance decrements. Possible reasons for null findings are discussed along with implications of exploratory analyses.<br>Master of Science<br>Research on the impact of positive stereotypes on performance has often resulted in mixed conclusions, with some research finding evidence for performance boosts, some finding evidence for performance decrements, and some finding both or neither. The current study sought to demonstrate that certain variables (i.e. domain identification, mode of stereotype activation, group membership of social referents, and valence of performance feedback) impact whether positive stereotypes lead to increases or decreases in performance outcomes through presenting differential threat salience. Threat salience essentially being feelings of pressure or worry about contradicting a positive stereotype; said feelings are believed to be the result of a dynamic interplay between motivation, self-efficacy, and anxiety about performance outcomes. I hypothesized that as threat salience increased then performance would decrease, eventually causing performance boosts from positive stereotypes to switch to performance decrements. Furthermore, I aimed to identify the exact level of threat salience that resulted in a switch from performance boosts to performance decrements (i.e. a tipping point). The study results did not provide support for the hypotheses, nor was I able to identify a tipping point whereby performance switched from boosts to decrements. Implications of exploratory analyses are discussed, along with possible explanations for null findings.
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49

Rubenstein, Adam Jack. "The ability to form stereotypic associations during infancy : a cognitive look at the basis of the "beauty is good" stereotype /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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50

Latu, Ioana M. "Reducing Automatic Stereotype Activation: Mechanisms and Moderators of Situational Attribution Training." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/72.

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Individuals tend to underestimate situational causes and overly rely on trait causes in explaining negative behaviors of outgroup members, a tendency named the ultimate attribution error (Pettigrew, 1979). This attributional pattern is directly related to stereotyping, because attributing negative behaviors to internal, stable causes tends to perpetuate negative stereotypes of outgroup members. Recent research on implicit bias reduction revealed that circumventing individuals’ tendency to engage in the ultimate attribution error led to reduced stereotyping. More specifically, training White participants to consider situational factors in determining Blacks’ negative stereotypic behaviors led to decreased automatic stereotype activation. This technique was named Situational Attribution Training (Stewart, Latu, Kawakami, & Myers, 2010). In the current studies, I investigated the mechanisms and moderators of Situational Attribution Training. In Study 1, I investigated the effect of training on spontaneous situational inferences. Findings revealed that training did not increase spontaneous situational inferences: both training and control participants showed evidence of spontaneous situational inferences. In Study 2, I investigated whether correcting trait inferences by taking into account situational factors has become automatic after training. In addition, explicit prejudice, motivations to control prejudice, and cognitive complexity variables (need for cognition, personal need for structure) were investigated as moderators of training success. These findings revealed that Situational Attribution Training works best for individuals high in need for cognition, under conditions of no cognitive load, but not high cognitive load. Training increased implicit bias for individuals high in modern racism, regardless of their cognitive load. Possible explanations of these findings were discussed, including methodological limitations and theoretical implications.
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