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Journal articles on the topic 'Stereotypes (Social psychology) in sports'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Rees, Tim, and Jessica Salvatore. "Questioning stereotypes disrupts the effects of stereotype threat." Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology 10, no. 2 (2021): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/spy0000247.

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Béki, Piroska, and Andrea Gál. "Rhythmic Gymnastics vs. Boxing: Gender Stereotypes From the Two Poles of Female Sport." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 58, no. 1 (2013): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2013-0009.

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Abstract In recent decades, women have begun to take up types of physical activity traditionally considered masculine. They appeared in previously one-gender team sports such as football or water polo, and nowadays they are also involved in ice hockey, canoeing, and are active in numerous combat sports as well. On the other hand, men have entered sport fields previously only available to women, such as rhythmic gymnastics. By this, sport can be regarded not only as a scene of gender stereotyping, but also a scene of redefining the concepts of masculinity-femininity in the negotiating of gender

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Plaza, Mélissa, Julie Boiché, Lionel Brunel, and François Ruchaud. "Sport = Male… But Not All Sports: Investigating the Gender Stereotypes of Sport Activities at the Explicit and Implicit Levels." Sex Roles 76, no. 3-4 (2016): 202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0650-x.

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4

Beilock, Sian L., and Allen R. McConnell. "Stereotype Threat and Sport: Can Athletic Performance Be Threatened?" Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 26, no. 4 (2004): 597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.26.4.597.

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Stereotype threat occurs when knowledge of a negative stereotype about a social group leads to less-than-optimal performance by members of that group. Although the stereotype threat phenomenon has been extensively studied in academic and cognitively-based tasks, it has received little attention in sport. This article reviews the existent literature on stereotype threat and discusses its implications for sports performance. The causal mechanisms of stereotype threat in sport are examined, followed by a discussion of why the cognitive processes thought to govern negative stereotype-induced perfo

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Harper, Dennis C. "Presidential address: Social psychology of difference: Stigma, spread, and stereotypes in childhood." Rehabilitation Psychology 44, no. 2 (1999): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.44.2.131.

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Cho, Min-Haeng, Dong-Kun Kim, and Kyung-Hwan Kang. "Community Sports and Recreation Students' Knowledge and Stereotypes of Aging." World Leisure Journal 42, no. 4 (2000): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2000.9674207.

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Maass, Anne, Claudio D'Ettole, and Mara Cadinu. "Checkmate? The role of gender stereotypes in the ultimate intellectual sport." European Journal of Social Psychology 38, no. 2 (2008): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.440.

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Moty, Kelsey, and Marjorie Rhodes. "The Unintended Consequences of the Things We Say: What Generic Statements Communicate to Children About Unmentioned Categories." Psychological Science 32, no. 2 (2021): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620953132.

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Adults frequently use generic language (e.g., “Boys play sports”) to communicate information about social groups to children. Whereas previous research speaks to how children often interpret information about the groups described by generic statements, less is known about what generic claims may implicitly communicate about unmentioned groups (e.g., the possibility that “Boys play sports” implies that girls do not). Study 1 (287 four- to six-year-olds, 56 adults) and Study 2 (84 four- to six-year-olds) found that children as young as 4.5 years draw inferences about unmentioned categories from

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Lawrence, Suzanne Malia, C. Keith Harrison, and Jeff Stone. "A Day in the Life of a Male College Athlete: A Public Perception and Qualitative Campus Investigation." Journal of Sport Management 23, no. 5 (2009): 591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.5.591.

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Perceptual confirmation paradigm (PCP) rooted in social psychology, can be implemented to frame sport science research questions (Stone, Perry, & Darley, 1997). Public perception of college athletes’ lives has been scarcely investigated in the sport sciences (Keels, 2005) using the PCP to prime stereotypes. The purpose of this study was to prime stereotypes about a day in the life of a college athlete by using qualitative inquiry to assess college students’ (N = 87) perceptions. Participants provided written responses about a day in the life of a college athlete. Two different college athl

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Greenleaf, Christy, and Karen Collins. "In Search of Our Place: An Experiential Look at the Struggles of Young Sport and Exercise Psychology Feminists." Sport Psychologist 15, no. 4 (2001): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.15.4.431.

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This paper presents our experiences, thoughts, and struggles in working toward understanding, embracing, and implementing feminist perspectives in our scholarship and practice. Mentors, through their encouragement, guidance, and support, have played key roles in our growth as feminist sport and exercise psychology professionals. It is through our work with mentors that we have moved closer toward understanding and identifying with being feminist scholars. In our research, we place women as the central focus of our work, take into account contextual factors, and look toward creating social chan

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Desmarais, Fabrice, and Toni Bruce. "The Power of Stereotypes: Anchoring Images Through Language in Live Sports Broadcasts." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 29, no. 3 (2010): 338–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x10368836.

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KANETAKE, MACHIKO. "Blind Spots in International Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 31, no. 2 (2018): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156518000109.

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AbstractThis editorial aims to foster debate on the possible roles of implicit social cognition in international law. The editorial is in part inspired by a book entitled Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People, written by Banaji and Greenwald, researchers of social psychology. According to them, a large set of implicit biases reside in our minds, which may influence our behaviour towards ourselves and others. It is safe to argue that international judges, arbitrators, diplomats, domestic officials who apply international law, and international legal scholars are not immune from implicit bias.

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Matitu, Bayani, Rosalinda Santiago, and Michael Pasco. "Athletes After Retirement: How are they Doing?" Bedan Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2019): 136–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v4i1.7.

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performance of current athletes by building confidence and contributing to favorable conditions of retired athletes. This study investigated the influences of the years of retirement and physical self-inventory on human sufferings experienced by the retired athletes. Based on the literature review, there were limited empirical studies on the conditions of former athletes after years of retirement, their glory, physical inventory, and sufferings, and the relationships among these characteristics. Using mixed research methods, this research studied the conditions of retired athletes in Metro Man

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Yañez, Alma Gloria Barrera, Cristina Alonso-Fernández, Víctor Manuel Pérez-Colado, and Baltasar Fernández-Manjón. "Blue Is for Boys and Pink Is for Girls: How to Break Gender Stereotypes with a Videogame." Education Sciences 13, no. 10 (2023): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13101004.

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Serious games (SGs) provide an opportunity to address social issues in an interactive environment that is particularly appealing and engaging for school-aged children. Gender stereotypes are one of the most prevalent gender-related issues in current society. Stereotypes appear at early ages and are a global problem, even if they are particularly prevalent in certain cultures and countries. This paper presents an early acceptance evaluation of Kiddo, a serious game, to address gender stereotypes in Mexico. The game has been designed to address four of the main gender stereotypes still present i

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Alonso, María Teresa, Virginia Barba-Sánchez, María Teresa López Bonal, and Hermenegilda Macià. "Two Perspectives on the Gender Gap in Computer Engineering: From Secondary School to Higher Education." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (2021): 10445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810445.

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In a setting that prioritises the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), sustainable development cannot be achieved without the contribution of female talent. This paper is focused on studying the reasons for the gender gap and the offered strategies to reduce it. The debate on the reasons for the low enrolment rates of girls in technological degrees remains open in the literature. This study investigates the causes of why girls do not choose a computer engineering degree and makes a comparison between ex-ante (secondary school) and ex-post (higher education). Based on a survey of

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Masolikova, Natalia, and Marina Sorokina. "Within Wars and Revolutions: Helena Antipoff activities in the Bolshevik Russia (1917-1924)." Cadernos de História da Educação 22 (February 7, 2023): e155. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/che-v22-2023-155.

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The article deals with the professional career of the Russian psychologist Helena Antipoff (1892-1974) in the Soviet Russia, between 1917 and 1924, after returning from her educational stay in Paris and Geneva, and before migrating to Brazil in 1929. During the brief Soviet period, Helena was a witness and an active participant in the grandiose and dramatic changes of the country. Her work, as well as the work of other Russian scientists who migrated to other countries during the years of war and social revolution, is now being extensively studied, and new knowledge reverse some established pe

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Muhamad Agus Mushodiq, Suhono Suhono, Aprezo Pardodi Maba, Haikal Haikal, and Ahmad Madkur. "Da’wah Activities through Mountaineering: Multidisciplinary Overview of Pendaki Hijabers Community in Indonesia." Fikri : Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial dan Budaya 8, no. 1 (2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25217/jf.v8i1.2706.

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In Indonesia, da’wah activities have been implemented in various ways, including mountaineering. However, data showed that many mountain hikers in Indonesia had been seriously injured (even died) due to a lack of knowledge and preparation for hiking. This article aimed to analyze the goals of mountain hiking and fulfilling the reproductive health conducted by Pendaki Hijabers community members. The authors used a phenomenological approach with a descriptive-analytical type of qualitative research. The research was conducted at Mount Merapi and Prau Dieng, Indonesia, from 2019 until 2020 with 2

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COMEAU, TAMMY DUERDEN, and CANDACE L. KEMP. "Intersections of age and masculinities in the information technology industry." Ageing and Society 27, no. 2 (2007): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x06005605.

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This paper explores the intersections of age and masculinities in small information technology (IT) firms in Canada. The IT workforce, although demographically young, does not entirely comprise younger workers but is dominated by men and is ageing. Despite the infamous ‘nerd’ stereotype of IT workers and its associations with immature age and masculinity, perceptions of age and ageing in the industry have not been considered in the context of masculinities. To what extent are conceptualisations of IT work shaped by notions of age and masculinities? How do perceptions of age and masculinities c

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Martínez, Macarena, Francisca Segura, José Manuel Andújar, and Yolanda Ceada. "The Gender Gap in STEM Careers: An Inter-Regional and Transgenerational Experimental Study to Identify the Low Presence of Women." Education Sciences 13, no. 7 (2023): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070649.

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Currently, the number of job offers in STEM careers (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) is growing up, but by contrast, the number of graduates in these fields is decreasing, particularly women graduates. Consequently, if we do not promote the training of women in STEM careers, the gender gap, far from narrowing, will continue to widen. This paper presents the research carried out in the ALAS project (Accompanying girLs towArds STEM careers), which consists of an experimental analysis based on a multi-model study to discover the possible causes of this low participation of women

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20

Deshayes, Maxime, Raphael Zory, Allison E. Seitchik, Aina Chalabaev, and Corentin Clement-Guillotin. "Can stereotype threat increase women’s performance? The case of a fatiguing task." Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology 9, no. 4 (2020): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/spy0000190.

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21

Parba, Jayson. "Teaching Critical Vocabulary to Filipino Heritage Language Learners." Education Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11060260.

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Engaging in critical dialogues in language classrooms that draw on critical pedagogical perspectives can be challenging for learners because of gaps in communicative resources in their L1 and L2. Since critically oriented classrooms involve discussing social issues, students are expected to deploy “literate talk” to engage in critiquing society and a wide range of texts. Although recent studies have explored teachers’ and students’ engagement with critical materials and critical dialogues, research that explores language development in critical language teaching remains a concern for language

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Amorós-Poveda, Lucía, and Abraham Bernárdez-Gómez. "Edutuber and Gender in STEM." Education Sciences 14, no. 1 (2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14010040.

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The gender gap in the field of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) is nothing new. Recent research warns of this through programs and initiatives that use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a resource to reduce this gap. However, new questions and some areas of concern are arising out of the mass use of digital repositories. The possibility of consuming and producing video (prosumers) in these digital ecosystems brings to light the prejudices and stereotypes in these fields through their content. Considering the YouTube repository, this research analyses the

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Mangiaracina, Antonella, Anthoula Kefallinou, Mary Kyriazopoulou, and Amanda Watkins. "Learners’ Voices in Inclusive Education Policy Debates." Education Sciences 11, no. 10 (2021): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11100599.

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Although the idea of including learners in policy-making is gaining ground, their voices still seem to be marginalised. This article focuses on the issue of learners’ voices in inclusive education policy debates. It begins by discussing main policy developments, arguments and key issues around learner voice and participation. It then draws on different aspects of work by the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education (the Agency) that has directly involved young people in exchanges with policy-makers and decision-makers responsible for developing and implementing policy for incl

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Rizzo, Sara, Alessandro Frolli, Antonella Cavallaro, Giuseppina Sinigaglia, and Sebastiano Scire. "Social Representation of Disability and Teachers." Education Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11060266.

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With the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the term disability is consolidated in its dynamic meaning as a condition that is defined by the interaction between personal factors and the environment in which one lives (WHO, 2001). The characteristics of the reference context that can be an obstacle or facilitation are evaluated with greater emphasis, including the perception of disability by teachers as a factor that will mediate the implementation of different behaviors and methodologies stemming from it. The purpose of the present survey, which includes

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Macrae, C. Neil, and John W. Shepherd. "Stereotypes and social judgements." British Journal of Social Psychology 28, no. 4 (1989): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1989.tb00875.x.

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Chu, Qiao, and Daniel Grühn. "Moral Judgments and Social Stereotypes." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 4 (2017): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617711226.

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We investigated how moral judgments were influenced by (a) the age and gender of the moral perpetrator and victim, (b) the moral judge’s benevolent ageism and benevolent sexism, and (c) the moral judge’s gender. By systematically manipulating the age and gender of the perpetrators and victims in moral scenarios, participants in two studies made judgments about the moral transgressions. We found that (a) people made more negative judgments when the victims were old or female rather than young or male, (b) benevolent ageism influenced people’s judgments about young versus old perpetrators, and (

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Manis, Melvin, Joan Paskewitz, and Scott Cotler. "Stereotypes and social judgment." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, no. 3 (1986): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.3.461.

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Kutzner, Florian, and Klaus Fiedler. "Stereotypes as Pseudocontingencies." European Review of Social Psychology 28, no. 1 (2016): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2016.1260238.

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KRUEGER, JOACHIM. "Probabilistic National Stereotypes." European Journal of Social Psychology 26, no. 6 (1996): 961–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199611)26:6<961::aid-ejsp799>3.0.co;2-f.

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Augoustinos, Martha, and Iain Walker. "The Construction of Stereotypes within Social Psychology." Theory & Psychology 8, no. 5 (1998): 629–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354398085003.

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Loughnan, Steve, Nick Haslam, Robbie M. Sutton, and Bettina Spencer. "Dehumanization and Social Class." Social Psychology 45, no. 1 (2014): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000159.

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Three studies examined whether animality is a component of low-SES stereotypes. In Study 1a–c, the content of “white trash” (USA), “chav” (UK), and “bogan” (Australia) stereotypes was found to be highly consistent, and in every culture it correlated positively with the stereotype content of apes. In Studies 2a and 2b, a within-subjects approach replicated this effect and revealed that it did not rely on derogatory labels or was reducible to ingroup favoritism or system justification concerns. In Study 3, the “bogan” stereotype was associated with ape, rat, and dog stereotypes independently of

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Rubin, Jennifer D., Selin Gülgöz, Daniel Alonso, and Kristina R. Olson. "Transgender and Cisgender Children’s Stereotypes and Beliefs About Others’ Stereotypes." Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, no. 5 (2019): 638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619879911.

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Early in childhood, children already have an awareness of prescriptive stereotypes—or beliefs about what a girl or boy should do (e.g., “girls should play with dolls”). In the present work, we investigate the relation between children’s own prescriptive gender stereotypes and their perceptions of others’ prescriptive gender stereotypes within three groups of children previously shown to differ in their prescriptive stereotyping—6- to 11-year-old transgender children ( N = 93), cisgender siblings of transgender children ( N = 55), and cisgender controls ( N = 93). Cisgender and transgender chil

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Aarts, Henk, Tanya L. Chartrand, Ruud Custers, et al. "Social Stereotypes and Automatic Goal Pursuit." Social Cognition 23, no. 6 (2005): 465–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2005.23.6.465.

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Bye, Hege H., Henrik Herrebrøden, Gunnhild J. Hjetland, Guro Ø. Røyset, and Linda L. Westby. "Stereotypes of Norwegian social groups." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 55, no. 5 (2014): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12141.

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Grigoryan, Lusine, Xuechunzi Bai, Federica Durante, et al. "Stereotypes as Historical Accidents: Images of Social Class in Postcommunist Versus Capitalist Societies." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 6 (2019): 927–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219881434.

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Stereotypes are ideological and justify the existing social structure. Although stereotypes persist, they can change when the context changes. Communism’s rise in Eastern Europe and Asia in the 20th century provides a natural experiment examining social-structural effects on social class stereotypes. Nine samples from postcommunist countries ( N = 2,241), compared with 38 capitalist countries ( N = 4,344), support the historical, sociocultural rootedness of stereotypes. More positive stereotypes of the working class appear in postcommunist countries, both compared with other social groups in t

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Knyazyan, Anna, and Lusine Haytyan. "GENDER STEREOTYPES IN SPORTS DISCOURSE." Armenian Folia Anglistika 20, no. 1 (29) (2024): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2024.20.1.38.

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The article is devoted to the study of gender stereotypes in sports discourse. Despite the fact that institutional analysisas already penetrated gender studies, there are very few studies devoted to such a truly ”masculine” activity as professional sports. This determines the relevance of the topic of this work. Sport as a social institution is an ideal opportunity to study male and female stereotypes. Gender stereotypes permeate every aspect of human personality and appearance, and dictate how men and women should act, think and behave. Gender embodies a pattern of relations that evolves over

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Silverman, Arielle M., and Geoffrey L. Cohen. "Stereotypes as Stumbling-Blocks." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 40, no. 10 (2014): 1330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167214542800.

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Jackson, Linda A., and Thomas F. Cash. "Components of Gender Stereotypes." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 11, no. 3 (1985): 326–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167285113008.

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Jackson, Linda A., Robert J. MacCoun, and Norbert L. Kerr. "Stereotypes and Nonstereotypic Judgments." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 13, no. 1 (1987): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167287131004.

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Govorun, Olesya, Kathleen Fuegen, and B. Keith Payne. "Stereotypes Focus Defensive Projection." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 32, no. 6 (2006): 781–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167205285556.

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Ulybina, E. V., and A. A. Antonova. "Relation of Belief in Justice to the Typicality of Complementary Stereotypes of the Rich and the Poor." Social Psychology and Society 13, no. 1 (2022): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130104.

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Objective. Analysis of the contribution of complementary and non-complementary stereotypes and assessing their typicality in the level of belief in a just world (BJW) among employees of commercial and non-profit organizations.Background. Increasing economic inequality makes it relevant to study the relationship between the assessment of the world as just and the relationship to the rich and poor. According to the theory of system justification by J. Jost, people are motivated to support the status quo, including by relying on complementary stereotypes that combine desirable and undesirable qua

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Levy, Becca R. "RIGIDITY AS A PREDICTOR OF OLDER PERSONS' AGING STEREOTYPES AND AGING SELF-PERCEPTIONS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, no. 4 (2008): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.4.559.

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Rigidity has been previously associated with the propensity of dominant group members to target stigmatized groups with negative stereotypes. It was considered in this study whether or not rigidity predicts that members of a stigmatized group, the elderly will target their own group with negative aging stereotypes; and, if so, whether these stereotypes predict aging self-perceptions, or thinking about themselves growing old. As expected (1) older individuals with more rigidity held significantly more negative aging stereotypes over time, (2) older individuals with more negative aging stereotyp

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Skinner, Allison L., Sylvia P. Perry, and Sarah Gaither. "Not Quite Monoracial: Biracial Stereotypes Explored." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 3 (2019): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219858344.

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Stereotypes often guide our perceptions of members of social groups. However, research has yet to document what stereotypes may exist for the fastest growing youth demographic in the United States—biracial individuals. Across seven studies ( N = 1,104), we investigate what stereotypes are attributed to various biracial groups, whether biracial individuals are stereotyped as more similar to their lower status monoracial parent group (trait hypodescent), and whether contact moderates these stereotypes. Results provide evidence of some universal biracial stereotypes that are applied to all biraci

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van Breen, Jolien A., Russell Spears, Toon Kuppens, and Soledad de Lemus. "Subliminal Gender Stereotypes: Who Can Resist?" Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 12 (2018): 1648–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218771895.

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We examine women’s responses to subliminal gender stereotypes, that is, stereotypes present outside conscious awareness. Previous research suggests that subtle stereotypes elicit acceptance and assimilation, but we predict that subliminal exposure to gender stereotypes will trigger resistance in some women. Specifically, we expect resistance to occur among women who are relatively strongly identified with feminists, but not with the broader group of women. We predict that resistance takes the form of persistence in stereotypically masculine domains and (implicit) in-group bias. Indeed, we foun

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Mashuri, Ali, and Esti Zaduqisti. "Explaining Muslims’ Aggressive Tendencies Towards the West: The Role of Negative Stereotypes, Anger, Perceived Conflict and Islamic Fundamentalism." Psychology and Developing Societies 31, no. 1 (2019): 56–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333618819151.

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The current research was to investigate what psychological factors predict Muslims’ negative stereotypes of the West, and the underlying mechanism by which the negative stereotypes can translate into Muslims’ aggressive tendencies towards the West. A correlational survey among a sample of Indonesian Muslims ( N = 360) demonstrated that the more participants negatively stereotyped the West, the more they thought that Muslims should aggress the latter group. We also found as expected that Muslims’ negative stereotypes of the West were positively predicted by the perceived conflict between Islam

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Moon, Jordan W., Jaimie Arona Krems, and Adam B. Cohen. "Is There Anything Good About Atheists? Exploring Positive and Negative Stereotypes of the Religious and Nonreligious." Social Psychological and Personality Science 12, no. 8 (2021): 1505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550620982703.

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Negative stereotypes about atheists are widespread, robust, rooted in distrust, and linked to discrimination. Here, we examine whether social perceivers in the United States might additionally hold any positive stereotypes about atheists (and corresponding negative stereotypes of the religious). Experiments 1 ( N = 401) and 2 ( N = 398, preregistered) used methods of intuitive stereotypes (the conjunction fallacy). People tended to stereotype atheists as fun, open-minded, and scientific—even as they harbor extreme intuitive anti-atheist prejudice in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 ( N = 382) used a

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McCrae, Robert R., Antonio Terracciano, Anu Realo, and Jüri Allik. "Climatic warmth and national wealth: some culture‐level determinants of national character stereotypes." European Journal of Personality 21, no. 8 (2007): 953–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.647.

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National character stereotypes are widely shared, but do not reflect assessed levels of personality traits. In this article we present data illustrating the divergence of stereotypes and assessed personality traits in North and South Italy, test hypotheses about the associations of temperature and national wealth with national character stereotypes in 49 cultures, and explore possible links to national values and beliefs. Results suggest that warmth and wealth are common determinants of national stereotypes, but that there are also idiosyncratic influences on the perceptions of individual nati

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Hanges, Paul J., and Jonathan C. Ziegert. "Stereotypes About Stereotype Research." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 1, no. 4 (2008): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2008.00083.x.

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Yu, Lin, Xun Yang, Zhongjuan Lu, and Zhimin Yan. "Effects of subliminal affective priming on occupational gender stereotypes." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 1 (2014): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.1.145.

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We investigated the effects of subliminal affective priming on implicit and explicit occupational gender stereotypes and their correspondence. First, we manipulated 3 types of affective priming (positive, neutral, and negative) and utilized the Implicit Association Test to find that positively affective priming decreased, and negatively affective priming increased, implicit occupational gender stereotyping at the subliminal level. We then measured participants' explicit occupational gender stereotypes and found that, at the subliminal level, positive affective priming deterred, and negative af

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Hřebíčková, Martina, René Mõttus, Sylvie Graf, Martin Jelínek, and Anu Realo. "How Accurate Are National Stereotypes? A Test of Different Methodological Approaches." European Journal of Personality 32, no. 2 (2018): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2146.

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We compared different methodological approaches in research on the accuracy of national stereotypes that use aggregated mean scores of real people's personality traits as criteria for stereotype accuracy. Our sample comprised 16,713 participants from the Central Europe and 1,090 participants from the Baltic Sea region. Participants rated national stereotypes of their own country using the National Character Survey (NCS) and their personality traits using either the Revised NEO Personality Inventory or the NCS. We examined the effects of different (i) methods for rating of real people (Revised

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