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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stereotypic behaviours'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 13 July 2025

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1

Anderson, Claes. "Habituation towards environmental enrichment in captive bears and its effect on stereotypic behaviours." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12570.

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<p>The benefits gained by the presentation of environmental enrichment (EE) to captive animals are widely recognized. Few studies have, however, studied how to maximize the effect of EE. Repeated presentations of EE may cause a reduced interest towards the EE device, called habituation. To study the effect of habituation towards EE, behavioural data from 14 captive Sloth bears (<em>Melursus ursinus</em>) were collected during two different EE treatments. In treatment one, honey logs were presented for five consecutive days (ConsEE). In treatment two, the logs were presented every alternative day for five days (AltEE). The different treatments both showed a significant effect on responsiveness toward the EE, however, leaving gap days inbetween presentations in AltEE showed no reliable reduction in habituation. Both treatments significantly reduced stereotypies, however, only ConsEE reduced levels of stereotypies long term. Explorative behaviours, which are the most prominent behaviours in the wild, increased during both treatments. This is consistent with previous findings (Fischbacher & Schmid 1999, Grandia et al. 2001) that EE increases natural behaviours, which has been desribed as an indication of improved welfare (Carlstead et al. 1991 etc.). Other behavioural categories such as social and passiva behaviours were unaffected by the EE presentations. THe results show that it is possible to increase the effectiveness of EE by simple means in order to ensure animal welfare.</p>

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2

Levinson, Leslie J. "The effects of exercise intensity on the stereotypic behaviours of individuals with autism /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60585.

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The effects of exercise intensity on the stereotypic behaviours of three autistic subjects were examined. Two exercise programs which differed on the basis of intensity as measured by heart rate were implemented. The frequency of stereotypic behaviours were measured prior to exercise, immediately following exercise and 90 minutes following exercise.<br>Significant reductions in stereotypic behaviors occurred as a function of the vigorous exercise condition only. The mean reduction of stereotypic behaviours between pre-jogging and post-jogging was 17.5%. The duration of these reductions was found to be temporary. Increases to pre-exercise levels were noted in stereotypic behaviours one and a half hours following implementation of the exercise conditions.<br>For the purpose of examining any differential effects of exercise intensity, the stereotypic behaviours of all subjects were categorized into three components motor, verbal and other. The motor component of stereotypic behaviour was most prominent. The moderate exercise condition had little effect on the motor component, while the vigorous exercise condition resulted in a mean reduction of 17%.

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3

Prupas, Andrea Robin. "The effects of exercise frequency on the stereotypic behaviours of individuals with developmental disabilities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0028/MQ50559.pdf.

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4

Prupas, Andrea Robin. "The effects of exercise frequency on the stereotypic behaviours of individuals with developmental disabilities /." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21253.

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The effects of exercise frequency on the stereotypic behaviours of four children with developmental disabilities were examined. Two exercise treatments were implemented, differentiated by frequency. The single frequency exercise treatment consisted of one daily 10 minute walk/jog session, while the multiple frequency treatment involved three 10 minute walk/jog sessions per day. Stereotypic behaviours were observed prior to the exercise sessions, as well as immediately following exercise.<br>The results indicated similar reductions in stereotypic behaviours with the use of both treatments. In the single frequency condition, subjects demonstrated a mean reduction of 51.6%. These data confirm the results of past research, in which a decrease in stereotypic behaviours was observed following a single bout of exercise. However, the positive results are usually short-lived. The mean reduction of 58.9% following the multiple frequency condition can be viewed as more effective than the single frequency condition because the reduction was maintained throughout different periods of the day. Inter-rater reliability of stereotypic behaviours was 86%.<br>The use of a multiple frequency exercise treatment informally revealed the interaction between exercise, environment, and stereotypic behaviours. Observation in the classroom suggested that as the structure of the classroom increased, stereotypic behaviours decreased. Thus, exercise combined with a structured classroom is likely to yield an optimal decrease in stereotypic behaviours.

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5

Latham, Naomi. "Refining the role of stereotypic behaviour in the assessment of welfare : stress, general motor persistence and early environment in the development of abnormal behaviours." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427629.

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6

Kieta, Andrew. "Reinforcing Variability Produces Stereotypic Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984163/.

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Behaving in novel ways is essential to the development of the types of complex performances described by the term creativity, problem solving, and perseverance. Some research suggests that response variability is an operant and a critical component of novel behavior. However, other account of novel behavior may be more parsimonious. Topographical variability has rarely been examined, nor has operant variability with organisms with baselines featuring stereotypic responding. This study examined the effects of a variability-specifying contingency on the cumulative novel responses of undergraduate students. Using the PORTL apparatus, participants interacted with a ball with a single hand. When the variability-specifying contingency was in effect, novel topographies were reinforced. When a reinforce every response condition was implemented, the participants did not emit any novel responses. When variability-specifying contingencies were in effect, novel responses were rarely followed by subsequent novel responses. They were mostly followed by repeated emission of the same topography, or by other previously emitted topographies. Novel responding did not persist long, although the variability-specifying contingency remained in effect and the potential for novel responding was great. The variability-specifying contingency often resulted in stereotypic response chains. Each of these findings call into the question the assertion that variability is an operant and suggests other possible explanations for the observed novelty.

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7

Björk, Kim. "The effect of extra feed supply on stereotypic behaviour in Asian elephants (Elphas maximus)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69427.

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Stereotypes in captive elephants is a widespread issue. Ways to tackle this is with social and feedenrichment among others. The aim of this study was to investigate if extra feed supply wouldaffect stereotypic behaviour in Asian elephants held in captivity. Three elephant cows wereprovided with extra feed and recorded during the night and morning. The results showed asignificant decrease in stereotypic behavior for one of the elephants, from 31% to 9,5% (P =0,003). While the second elephant did not engage in stereotypic behaviour, the third elephantshowed the same frequency of stereotypic behavior, 9%, during both baseline and treatment. Thethird elephant did increase her foraging significantly, from 31% to 54% (P = 0,02). Waken timespent foraging increased for all three elephants to 64-80% which is in the same range as in wildAsian elephants. Additional enrichment in the form of extra feed supply can be used both todecrease stereotypic behaviours and to increase foraging.

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8

McBride, Sebastian Daryl. "An investigation into stereotypic behaviour of the horse." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538140.

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9

Sayers, Nicola Louise. "Stereotyped behaviours in children with autism." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408832.

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10

Arvidsson, Emma, and Malin Dyverfors. "Djurskyddsinspektörer : - Behovet av kunskap om exotiska djur." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25836.

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Psittacines and reptiles are exotic animals that are difficult to care for and it requires extra knowledge to make a correct assessment of their wellbeing. An animal welfare inspector, with an education in general animal welfare, may not have a deep enough knowledge of exotic animals to do a proper assessment of the animal’s general condition and its environment. In this paper it was therefore examined if animal welfare inspectors have enough knowledge to do a satisfying inspection of establishments working with selling of exotic animals. A literature study was used to examine difficulties with each species. A survey was sent to chosen county administrations to get information of existing educations/knowledge and pet shops were interviewed to see how the inspectors’ knowledge is perceived. This is done to make an estimation of the demand for this knowledge in big and small counties and how the demand is met. This paper came to the conclusion that even though the county administration may not have this specific knowledge, pet shops felt it was enough to do their job. They did in some cases feel it would be desirable to get more guidance and advices from them. The county administrations also have a clear plan for how to handle cases where expert knowledge, that they may not possess, is needed.<br>Exotiska djur i Sverige utgörs oftast av reptiler och färggranna fåglar från andra delar av jorden. Detta gör att deras behov och beteende skiljer sig från de mer vanliga sällskapsdjuren.De är svåra att undersöka och har högre krav på en, för dem, naturlig miljö. Då de ursprungligen kommer från andra delar av jorden har de andra krav på de abiotiska faktorerna, som till exempel temperatur och fuktighet. Då dessa krav och behov kan variera stort mellan olika arter krävs det en fördjupad kunskap för att garantera en god miljö för respektive djur. Samma kunskap behövs av djurskyddsinspektören för att kontrollera att dessa behov tillgodoses. En litteraturstudie utfördes för att ta reda på hur exotiska djurs behov och beteende skiljer sig från vanliga sällskapsdjur och vilka problem som kan uppstå vid dålig djurhållning. Fyra länsstyrelser valdes ut och fick svara på en enkät med frågor om utbildning/kunskap och hur de hanterade ärenden med exotiska djur. Djurbutiker med försäljning av exotiska djur i valda län ringdes upp och frågades om hur de uppfattat inspektörerna vid kontroll. Resultatet visade att djurbutikerna tyckte att djurskyddsinspektörernas kunskap om exotiska djur var tillräcklig för att kunna göra kontroller. Det fanns dock en önskan om en högre kunskap för en bättre kommunikation och rådgivning för att få hjälp att skapa en välfärd utöver det lagen kräver. Resultaten visade också en skillnad i hur djurbutikerna uppfattade inspektörens syfte med tillsynen. Alla län hade en välgenomtänkt plan för hur de hanterar fall där extra kunskap behövs. En slutsats som framkom under arbetet var att länsstyrelsen bör utveckla sitt existerande register för att lättare kunna kolla vilka arter som finns i olika djurbutiker och hur många anmälningar det kommit in angående vissa djurslag och arter. Detta skulle det göra det lättare att göra riktade kontroller med en inspektör med rätt kunskap.

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11

Vickery, Sophie S. "Stereotypic behaviour in caged bears : individual and husbandry factors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398278.

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12

Olby, Sara. "Fodertillgång och stereotypa beteenden under natten hos Asiatisk elefant (Elephas maximus)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69572.

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Animals in zoos live in more barren environments than their conspecifics in nature. In nature, elephants spend more than 75 % of the day foraging and have been observed lying down two hours during night. Stereotypies are common in many different species in zoos. Stereotypic behaviors may constitute up to 50 % of the daily activity budget of zoo elephants. Modern zoos try to reduce stereotypic behaviors by means of environmental enrichment. Three elephant cows at Kolmårdens Djurpark were observed during night to map their nocturnal behaviors and see how they changed with feeding enrichment. The elephants were lying down on their sides 25 % of the time observed. With feeding enrichment offered in the morning, the stereotypies was reduced in one individual from 43 % to 13 % (P<0.01) and the foraging was increased in two individuals from 45 % to 80 % (P<0.01) and from 45 % to 64 % (P<0.05). Increased food access increased foraging behavior and as environmental enrichment was able to reduce the stereotypic behaviors in these Asian elephant.

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13

Sarrafchi, Amir. "Equine stereotypic behavior as related to horse welfare: A review." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-77944.

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There are strong suggestions that equine stereotypies are being connected to poor welfare and a sub-optimal management and/or stabling environment. Until today different forms of equine stereotypic behaviors have been described. Crib-biting, weaving, and box-walking are considered the most prevalent. Several studies have been conducted to establish links between the underlying causes and potential function of such behaviors. Both experimental and epidemiological studies have indicated management factors specifically feeding practices, housing conditions, and weaning method as crucial in the development of stereotypies in stabled horses. Some neurologic studies on equine stereotypy demonstrated some forms of CNS dysfunction as the causal factor for the performance of stereotypic behaviors. Different researchers hypothesized that the functional significance of stereotypies is that they reduce stress in captive environments and should thus be considered as a coping mechanism. In contrast, the owner‟s perspective is often that a stereotypic horse has a “stable-vice” that needs to be stopped and different kinds of methods have been developed to control or regulate stereotypic behaviors. However, if the stress-reducing hypothesis is correct, controlling stereotypic behaviors particularly by physical and surgical approaches without addressing the underlying causes is of great concern to the horse‟s welfare. Although there is ongoing uncertainty about the exact function, the growing knowledge about causation should be applied: under all circumstances prevention is better than cure.

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Collins, Michelle Amber. "Effectiveness of cannabidiol in reducing ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviour in both male and female rats." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7330.

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Schizophrenia is a debilitating and costly mental illness. Many patients do not respond well to currently available treatments, and adverse side effects are common. Cannabidiol (CBD), a natural component of the Cannabis Sativa plant, has been shown to have a number of therapeutic qualities, including potential as a new antipsychotic. Although CBD has been used in several different models of schizophrenia, previous research has failed to consider possible sex differences in responsiveness to the compound. The present research therefore used both male and female rats in the widely used ketamine model of schizophrenia. PVG/C Hooded rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: a saline only control group (saline injection followed by second saline injection; N = 6M, 6F); ketamine only group (ketamine injection followed by saline injection; N = 6M, 6F); cannabidiol low dose group (ketamine injection followed by a cannabidiol injection of 10mg/kg; N = 6M, 6F); and a cannabidiol high dose group (ketamine injection followed by a cannabidiol injection of 20mg/kg; N = 6M, 6F). Behavioural testing occurred in a Y-maze and open-field, where both normal and stereotyped behaviours were recorded, as well as locomotor activity and spatial memory. Ketamine successfully induced stereotypy but failed to induce hyperlocomotion. Findings support the potential antipsychotic effects of CBD, particularly for reducing stereotypic behaviour in females. Results found data trends that suggest sex differences in responsiveness to CBD when administered with ketamine, although further research is needed due to lack of statistical significance.

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15

Keogh, Jade. "Interviewer biases: can first impressions be changed by displaying stereotypical or non-stereotypical behaviour?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18293.

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In South Africa, where there are many recruitment and selection challenges due to scarce skills and education gaps that exist within the country, the employment interview process may contribute to maintaining racial and gender gaps if decision-making is discriminatory. The purpose of the research was to determine whether interviewers base decisions on stereotypical information, and whether interviewer first impressions can be influenced and changed when interviewees display stereotype congruent or incongruent behaviour in the employment interview. A total of 360 psychology students from the University of Cape Town participated in the study. Participants completed one of eight randomly assigned versions corresponding to eight experimental conditions, in which they rated a black male, black female, white male or white female face in terms of competence, likeability and trustworthiness. Participants rated the same face again after receiving additional information portraying the presented person as either assertive or nice. Results revealed that males and females seen as equally likeable and equally competent, although females are seen as more trustworthy than males. White and black individuals are seen as equally competent however; white females rate white individuals as more competent than black individuals. Black individuals are seen as more likeable than white individuals. White individuals rate white faces as more trustworthy than black faces, while black individuals tended to rate black and white faces as equally trustworthy. Competence and trustworthy ratings increased when individuals displayed assertive behaviour, regardless of candidate race or gender. Likeability ratings, however, were influenced by candidate race and gender, and were in line with assumptions about stereotypical behaviour. Results thus indicate that out-group biases still exist, and that being assertive, regardless of whether it is congruent with an individual's race or gender stereotype or not, increases perceptions of competence.

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16

Mason, Georgia Jane. "Individual differences in the stereotypies of caged mink." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239547.

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Fernandez, Eduardo J. "Appetitive search behaviors and stereotypies in captive animals." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3358913.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological Brain Sciences, 2009.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 10, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3770. Adviser: William Timberlake.

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18

Frowley, Jason N. "The effect of social stereotypes on eyewitness behaviour." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15121.

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Eyewitness behaviour is a very important issue in social psychology. Recent years have seen a boom in research in this area; however, very little of this research has addressed the important and fundamental issues raised by the social factors that are involved when eyewitnessing takes place. The present thesis reports research which addresses the effect of social- stereotypic information upon a number of aspects of the eyewitness situation. Of particular interest is the effect of stereotypic information upon the judgment of aggressive and violent actions, and face and body stimuli; on memory for information associated with a dramatic staged incident, when presented either before or after target material; and its impact in an eyewitness interview situation. Finally, an interview technique is designed and tested which aims to reduce the negative impact of stereotypic information on eyewitness memory. Throughout, the impact of stereotypic information presented at encoding and at retrieval is contrasted and compared. The effect of delay between encoding and retrieval is also considered. It is concluded that stereotypic information may affect judgments of information relevant to the eyewitnessing situation whether presented before or after target material. Similarly, stereotypic information may affect memory when it is presented before target material. Little effect is however to be expected on memory when stereotypic information is presented at retrieval, although the exact effects may be found to vary with the nature of the target stimuli used. The source-monitoring interview, based on research by Marcia Johnson and her colleagues, appears a promising means of reducing the distorting effect of stereotypes on memory; particularly when a delay occurs between the encoding and retrieval of target material.

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19

Waters, Amanda Jill. "Factors influencing the development of stereotypic and redirected behaviour in young horses." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393898.

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20

Garner, Joseph P. "The aetiology of stereotypy in caged animals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670219.

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21

Parker, Matthew Oliver. "Behavioural correlates of the equine stereotypy phenotype." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/67410/.

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Stereotypic behaviour is characterised as repetitive, topographically invariant, rigid behaviour patterns, often displayed by captive, domestic and laboratory animals. The cause of these behaviours is thought primarily to be related to impoverished or species-atypical living environments, but recent research has outlined a neural phenotype, relating to basal ganglia dopamine physiology, which is common to several species. One species displaying the neural and associated behavioural phenotypes is the Horse. The purpose of this thesis was to explore, through behavioural assays, the behavioural phenotypes associated with endogenous basal ganglia dysfunction as a neural feature of equine oral stereotypy. In the first study, the behavioural effects of one aspect of the neural phenotype – downregualtion of dopamine transmission in the nigrostriatal pathways – were examined. Animals with the medial aspect of the dorsal striatum lesioned have been shown to exhibit learning differences in spatial navigation procedures. Employing two dry-maze procedures, stereotypic and control horses were required to locate food in different locations. No specific differences between the groups were found, but the stereotypic group were found to be less exploratory and tended to adopt ‘habitual’ response patterns. In the next studies, the behavioural effects of a further feature of the neural phenotype – upregulation of mesoaccumbens dopamine transmission – were examined. Chronic amphetamine exposure leads to a similar neural phenotype, and this offered an interesting hypothesis in the context of the endogenous change reported in stereotypic horses. A Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer task was initially employed, in which horses were first trained in a Pavolvian procedure, and subsequently trained to perform an instrumental response, reinforced by the same food as in the Pavlovian phase. In the transfer phase, the Pavlovian conditioned stimulus was introduced in the context of the instrumental responding. It was predicted that response rates would increase during the transfer phase; however, the results were inconclusive. In the third study, further behavioural effects of increased mesoaccumbens dopamine were tested by employing an instrumental choice procedure. Stereotypic horses and controls were trained to choose between two mutually-exclusive schedules of reinforcement, one associated with a short delay to gain food and one with a longer delay. Chronic amphetamine exposure leads to a decrease in sensitivity to delay, and it was demonstrated that stereotypic horses showed similar patterns, failing to choose the shorter schedule. Finally, increased dopamine transmission is known to enhance the rate at which learning shifts from planned-action to habit, and this was examined in stereotypic horses using a ‘place-response’ preparation. Evidence was found to support this hypothesis in two variations of this procedure. The latter findings suggested an imbalance of the constituent cells that form the striatum: the striosome and matrix components. Taking this in conjunction with the other findings, this imbalance may hold the key to identifying the aetiology of stereotypic behaviour.

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22

Schnell, Senny T. "The Effects of Generative Play Instruction on Pretense Play Behavior and Restricted Stereotypic Behaviors in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313028969.

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23

Lawrence, Claire. "Forming impressions of public house violence : stereotypes, attributions and perceptions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361572.

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Tarr, Christopher W. "The Effects of Physical Exercise on Stereotypic Behaviors in Autism| A Meta-Analysis." Thesis, Slippery Rock University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10984780.

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<p> The prevalence rate of children with autism has been on the rise for the past 20 years. A hallmark characteristic of this disorder is the presence of stereotypic behaviors. Children who engage in stereotypic behaviors experience difficulties in effectively interacting with their surrounding environment. Both consequence-based and antecedent based interventions have been successful in decreasing these interfering behaviors. The performance of physical exercise has shown positive results as both a consequence based and antecedent based intervention in reducing stereotypic behaviors. The current investigation conducted a meta-analysis on the effects of physical exercise on stereotypic behaviors in individuals with autism. This study was able to run this meta-analysis using both aggregate score studies and single subject design studies. This study identified 10 research articles that met all of the inclusion criteria. The 10 articles were coded according to sixteen primary moderators and four peripheral moderators. The 10 articles produced an overall large effect size of <i>d</i> = -.456. This large effect size demonstrated that physical exercise is effective in decreasing stereotypic behaviors in individuals with autism. However, no significant statistical difference was observed within any of the primary and peripheral moderators. The lack of significant statistical difference within any of the moderators lead the current investigator to conclude that the effect of physical exercise on stereotypic behaviors in individuals with autism may not be impacted by external factors. Further research is needed to determine the internal neurobiological effects of physical exercise on stereotypic behaviors in individuals with autism.</p><p>

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Adamson, Sarah, Laurie Block, Sarah Adamson, Chris Petrus, Maryam Shahnefried, and Susan Harris. "Effects of Exercise Interventions on Stereotypic Behaviors of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Irving K. Barber Learning Centre, UBC, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/94.

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Recorded by Eugene Barsky, Physiotherapy Outreach Librarian, UBC<br>This is a Systematic Review Presentation titled - "TEffects of Exercise Interventions on Stereotypic Behaviors of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder", created by Master of Physical Therapy Graduating Students, University of British Columbia - 2006, Presented on September 14-15, 2006 , Vancouver, BC, Canada

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Ames, Alison Lorraine. "The management and behaviour of captive polar bears." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340676.

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27

Leach, Lori. "The Effects of Consumption and Exercise Stereotypes on Evaluations: How do People Shape Up in the Eyes of Their Beholders?" Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368134.

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People form impressions quickly and easily using stereotypical beliefs as well as information the social context provides. These impressions inform beliefs, and guide emotional reactions and behavioural responses to others. Research has examined the nature of beliefs based on the amount and type of food others consume, and has shown that people more favourably judge others who eat low fat foods in small amounts. Research in an independent tradition has examined beliefs based on physical activity levels, and shown that people more favourably judge exercisers. Both the diet- and exercise-based literatures have shown that beliefs are associated with gender roles as well as attractiveness and body-size ideals, and thus differ for women and men. However, previous researchers have not systematically examined these separate yet interrelated beliefs in combination, including how these variables in combination affect emotional responses and behavioural tendencies. It is important to establish the social consequences, particularly given society’s emphasis on healthy living. Thus, the studies in this thesis examined beliefs, emotional responses, and behavioural tendencies involving others, based on the dietary and activity behaviours of normal-weight women and men, in combination. In addition, presentation of body-size information was varied in explicitness through the use of verbal information and photographs. To extend previous research I utilised a unifying social psychological theoretical frame, the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) and its extension the Behaviours from Intergroup Affect and Stereotype (BIAS) model.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Applied Psychology<br>Griffith Health<br>Full Text

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Jordan, Nicole Denise. "Musical identity of classical singers : musical labels, stereotypes, and behaviour." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14650/.

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The aim of this research was to investigate the nature of singers' musical group identity from the perspective of singers themselves. This examination is the first of its kind to show that singers' behaviour may be influenced by musical m-group identification. Singers do not fit the typical definition of "musician" (i.e. plays an instrument) and have been largely neglected as musicians in the research literature. This thesis examines whether singers label themselves as "musicians" or as "singers". It explores the stereotypes associated with the two labels, how singers themselves respond to group stereotypes, and how and why these stereotypes emerge. An initial qualitative investigation of singers' musical identity found that some singers see themselves as musicians whilst others see themselves as singers. These different selflabels appeared to influence singers' self-perceptions as singers were seen to have poor musicianship when compared with musicians. A closer examination of stereotypes showed that singers themselves believe that musicians engage in musical practice, whilst singers do not. Using social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) as a framework, two studies involving 161 singing student participants showed how group identification can cause singers to self-stereotype and influence their attitudes towards stereotyped behaviours. The results suggest that a strong singer identity may result in stronger adherence to singer-stereotyped behaviours such as individuality, whilst a strong musician identity may lead to more musical practice. A final qualitative interview of professional singers revealed that although some singer stereotypes may be perceived as negative, they may provide an adaptive function, and emerge as a consequence of behaviours which are necessary for achieving a successful singing career. These results, combined with those found in previous research, made it possible to theorise a novel Singer Identity Model based on aspects of singers' personality, motivation, and behaviours arising from these factors.

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Wade, Martha Leslie. "Behavioral assimilation and nested social categories exploring gender stereotype priming and stereotype threat /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181243878.

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Hanson, Laura. "Sexual behaviour and serotonergic type 2A stereotypic behaviour in male and female rats, the effects of stress and corticosteroids." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0026/NQ46352.pdf.

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Donnelly, Deborah Marian. "An investigation of stereotyped behaviour and inactivity in profoundly retarded individuals." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328213.

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Sjöberg, Johanna. "The Effect of Extra Food Stimulation on Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) Kept at Kolmården Zoo." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69943.

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Stereotypic behaviors in all animals are more often than not associated with poor welfare. Limited access to perform species specific behaviors is often a reason for the development of stereotypies. Elephants with their great intelligence and need of social contact, coupled with a destructive a behavior are especially difficult to house in captivity. To decrease the occurrence of stereotypic behaviors in elephants, environmental enrichment in form of food enrichment is a good option, since elephants have a great need of foraging. The aim of this study was to investigate if an extra supply of food enrichment could decrease the presence of stereotypic behaviors at night in three Asian elephants at Kolmården zoo. Already existing hay nets attached to wires in the roof were used and connected to a timer. The hay nets were lowered to vision trunk reach between 6:00 am and 6:30 am during five days and the frequencies of selected behaviors were compared with the frequencies of the same behaviors during five preceding baseline nights. The animals were filmed using mounted cameras with IR lights. There was a significant decrease of stereotypic behavior for one of the elephants, but all three showed an increase in foraging whereof the increases were significant for two of them. One of the elephants showed no stereotypic behaviors at all during the study. To keep in mind is that the elephants have different backgrounds and experiences which might have influenced the results.

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Farrar, Brandy Deneen. "Race, Gender, and Bullying Behavior: The role of perceived stereotypes." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08082006-143628/.

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In recent years, bullying among middle-school youth and adolescents has become a serious problem in American schools (Nansel et al. 2001). Researchers from a variety of different disciplines attempt to identify factors associated with bullying in order to develop effective intervention programs. However, many findings in relation to race, gender, and bullying are largely inconclusive. The present study employs a social constructionist framework to understand race and gender differences in adolescent bullying. Specifically, I explore how the meanings associated with race and gender in the form of popular stereotypes influence bullying behavior. The findings reported here are from the Gender and Middle School study conducted among 535 adolescents attending middle school in the southeast. The results of the analyses show significant relationships between race, gender, and bullying. Black students (compared to white and other minority) and male students (compared to female) reported higher frequencies of bullying. Further, perceiving that others stereotype you increases the frequency of participating in bullying behavior and explains the relationship between race and bullying. Lastly, the stereotype influence is greater for black males in the study than the effect for white males. These findings have implications for education officials as well as theory on the influence of stereotypes on adolescent behavior.

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Clode, Danielle. "Stereotyped pacing in the behaviour of the captive fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsc643.pdf.

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35

Lido, Catherine M. "The cognitive and behavioural effects of facilitating and inhibiting gender stereotypes." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398360.

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Wilkinson, Lisa. "Gender Stereotypes of Citizenship Performance." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000098.

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37

Loftin, Rachel L. "Self-monitoring treatment package for increasing social initiations and the collateral reduction of stereotypic behavior." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3287373.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Education, 2006.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4607. Advisers: Jack Cummings; Samuel Odom. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 21, 2008).

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Juarez, Hernandez Leon Jacobo. "Identification and Characterization of electrical patterns underlying stereotyped behaviours in the semi-intact leech." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4791.

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Neuroscience aims at understanding the mechanisms underlying perception, learning, memory, consciousness and acts. The present Ph.D. thesis aims to elucidate some principles controlling actions, which in a more scientific and technical language is referred to as motor control. This concept has been studied in a variety of preparations in vertebrate and invertebrate species. In this PhD thesis, the leech has been the subject of choice, because it is a well known preparation, highly suitable for relating functional and behavioural properties to the underlying neuronal networks. The semi-intact leech preparation (Kristan et al., 1974) has been the main methodological strategy performed in the experiments. Its importance lies in the fact that it gives the possibility to access the information from the leech’s central nervous system (CNS) and compare simultaneously some stereotyped behaviours. Thus, entering in this work it is necessary to make a brief summary of the steps followed before arriving to the conclusions written ahead. The main objective followed in this work has been the analysis, identification and characterization of electrical patterns underlying different behaviours in Hirudo medicinalis. This main objective has been reached focusing the project on three particular objectives, which have been pursued during the author’s Philosophical Doctorate course.

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Khan, Shabnam Naheed. "The role of racial stereotypes in the perception and rating of children's behaviour." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288466.

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Dorr, Bernadette W. "Stereotypes and the perception of discrimination : understanding minority work-related attitudes and behaviors /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1258136764.

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41

Lee, Jihyun. "The Effects of Physical Activities on Stereotypic Behaviors and Task Engagement in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373931351.

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42

Finnigan, Frances. "Stereotyping in addiction : an application of the Fishbein-Ajzen theory to heroin using behaviour." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23791.

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A review of the literature on Person Perception, as it relates to addiction, is given. Experiment 1 quantified people's subjective impressions of smokers, heavy drinkers, and heroin users, in terms of an empirically devised framework. The experiment also examined the impact of personal information (i. e a photograph) upon impression formation. It was found that, in the absence of a photogragh, heroin users were perceived as being dangerous. A review of the literature on stereotyping was carried out. Experiment 11 examined the lower limits of stereotyping heroin users as being dangerous. This experiment was conducted within the context of Tajfel's interpersonal-intergroup continuum. The findings were that, minimal personal information coupled with dissimilarities in personal values, resulted in stereotypic perceptions of heroin users whereas, responses to a personalized presentation with similar values, were more differentiated. The implications of stereotype beliefs about heroin users in the area of drug education is discussed. A review of the fear appeal literature is given. Experiment 111 examined the relative effectiveness of a fear appeal and a social appeal in influencing current heroin users' attitudes and intentions with regards to using heroin. This examination was systematically investigated within the context of Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action and their model of persuasive communication. It was found that, (i) heroin use is under attitudinal control, (ii) current heroin users hold a health belief structure and a social belief structure associated with the consequences of using heroin, and (iii) both the fear appeal and the social appeal had an effect on attitudes and intentions with regard to heroin use. Experiments IV and V examined the lay public and ex-heroin users' opinions regarding the relative effectiveness of emphasising health factors or social factors in attempts to influence heroin taking decisions. The findings revealed there to be a disagreement between the two groups. The lay public were of the firm opinion that emphasis should be placed an health factors. On the other hand, exheroin users regarded social factors as being more influential. The wider implications of these findings, in terms of drug evaluation studies, are highlighted.

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Michniewicz, Kenneth S. "Ironic Masculinity and Femininity: Do Contextual Factors Reverse Attributions Based on Gender Stereotyped Behaviors?" Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5533.

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Emerging research highlights the social penalties for men and women who commit cross-gendered behaviors. Here, I examine how and when two contextual mechanisms (competence and credentials) alter people's perceptions of cross-gendered behavior and render actors as less gender-atypical and more gender-typical. In Study 1, I tested the hypothesis that incompetence in cross-gendered behaviors would communicate same-gendered qualities by contrast. In Study 2, I tested the hypothesis that an actor who commits a cross-gendered behavior will receive less gender-inconsistent evaluations if they first demonstrate gender-typical traits. Moreover, Study 2 examines whether or not these credentialed actors change the perception of the behavior's alignment with conventional gender stereotypes. Results were largely mixed but generally failed to support hypotheses. The Discussion focuses on how future research can address these questions.

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Sacco, Donald Francis. "Facial attractiveness and helping behavior attributions attractive and unattractive persons are perceived of as unhelpful /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1271776805.

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45

Delgado, Veronica. "The Effect of Response Preclusion on Stereotypy and Play in a Child with Autism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4667/.

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This study investigates the effectiveness of response preclusion on stereotypic behavior (climbing and licking) and on play for a child with autism. Data were collected on stereotypic responses, play behavior, and the types of play materials the participant contacted. Implementation of response preclusion was followed by both a decrease in stereotypic behavior as well as an increase in play behavior. Play behavior did not return to baseline levels of responding during reversals to baseline, and stereotypic behavior decreased across reversals. These results suggest the current antecedent manipulation not only reduces stereotypic behavior, but also can establish an environment that is more conducive to learning new, desired behavior.

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Glaser, Sarah. "The relationship between stereotyped behaviours and emotion regulation in children with autism and 22q13 Deletion Syndrome." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95223.

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Emotion regulation (ER) is most often studied in typically developing children, rather than in children with autism and related conditions. Typically developing infants regulate their emotions via self-soothing behaviours. These behaviours are often motor stereotypies such as thumb sucking. Despite the diagnostic significance of stereotypy in disorders such as autism, little is known about their function in this population. The relationship between ER and stereotypy was studied in 37 children with autism and 22q13 Deletion Syndrome (a genetic disorder with autistic-like symptoms). One hypothesis of the current study was that ER is similarly impaired in these two groups and that motor stereotypies represent self-soothing strategies. Results indicated that the autism group was more impaired on certain domains of ER. The findings also indicated that the majority of endorsed motor stereotypies represented self-soothing strategies, and there were significant correlations between the total number of these endorsed behaviours, ER abilities, and mental age. These data provide information regarding the phenotypic overlaps between autism and 22q13 Deletion Syndrome, as well as nonverbal self-soothing methods among children with severe developmental disabilities.<br>La régulation émotionnelle est surtout étudié parmis les enfants ayant un profil developpementale typique, plutôt que parmis les enfants atteints d'autisme et de troubles connexes. Les jeunes enfants dépendent sur des comportements auto-apaisants afin de réguler leurs émotions. Ces comportements s'agissent souvent des stéréotypies motrices telles que la succion du pouce. Peu est connu du rôle que joue les comportements stéréotypés dans ces populations, en dépit de leur importance pour le diagnostic de l'autisme. Le lien entre la régulation émotionnelle et la stéréotypie a été étudié chez 37 enfants atteints d'autisme et du syndrome de délétion 22q13 (une maladie génétique qui provoque des symptômes similaires à ceux de l'autisme). Un hypothèse émise dans cet étude est que les déficiences semblables au niveau de la régulation émotionnelle sont retrouvées dans ces deux groupes et que les stéréotypies motrices représentent des stratégies d'auto-apaisement. Nos résultats ont démontré que le groupe d'autistes a de plus grandes déficiences dans certains domaines de la régulation émotionnelle. Il a été constaté que la majorité des stéréotypies motrices représentent des stratégies d'auto-apaisement. De plus, une corrélation significative a aussi été détectée entre le nombre total de ces comportements, la capacité de régulation émotionnelle et l'âge mental. Ces données permettent de mieux comprendre les chevauchements phénotypiques entre l'autisme et le syndrome de délétion 22q13, ainsi que les méthodes non-verbales d'auto-apaisement chez les enfants ayant des déficiences développementales.

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Kimberley, Laura Frances. "Influence of internal versus external egalitarian goals on stereotype accessibility following goal-behaviour discrepancies." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5433/.

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The mechanism through which goals influence stereotype activation/control is unclear. This thesis aimed to shed some light on the mechanism through which internally-generated and externally-imposed goals influence stereotype activation by applying Fishbach and colleagues’ model of goal progress. Across six experiments, I demonstrated that (1) internal, but not external, egalitarian goals result in less stereotype accessibility (consistent with egalitarian goal pursuit) following a potentially large goal–behaviour discrepancy (Experiment 2), (2) external, but not internal, egalitarian goals result in less stereotype accessibility (consistent with egalitarian goal pursuit) when contemplating past success (Experiment 1), but not following a potentially small goal–behaviour discrepancy or a potential goal–behaviour match (Experiments 3 & 4), and (3) internal egalitarian goals result in concern over including ambiguous faces in the ingroup, but only following a potential goal–behaviour discrepancy. External egalitarian goals irrespective of goal–behaviour discrepancy size, and internal egalitarian goals following a potential goal–behaviour match, both result in concern over accurate categorisation (Experiment 6). These findings suggest that the source of a goal (i.e., internal vs. external), and discrepancy size for internal, but not external, goals, are important parts of the mechanism through which goals influence social categorisation and stereotype activation.

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Barnes, Brittany Nichole. "The Effect of Risky Behavior Perceptions on Social Greek and Honors Student Stereotyping." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1323398370.

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Gill, Michael Joseph. "Rethinking social stereotypes : moving from individual-directed to group-directed thought and behavior /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Asztalos, Joanne G. "Gender stereotypes in children's television commercials and the effects on consumer purchasing behavior." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3209.

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