Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sterilization mechanism

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sterilization mechanism'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sterilization mechanism"

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Wu, Ying, and Ruifang Wang. "Monetary Sterilization of Capital Inflows through the Central-Provident-Fund Savings in Singapore." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 06, no. 01 (March 2003): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091503000979.

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This paper examines the monetary sterilization mechanism of the Singapore economy. We argue that, in the absence of a well-developed open financial market, the Central Provident Fund (CPF) has in fact played a role as a quasi-market mechanism in sterilizing the effect of foreign-exchange assets inflow. Using the error-correction-mechanism (ECM) approach, we model the implicit monetary sterilization mechanism and estimate the offset coefficient between the net-domestic-credit component and the net-foreign-asset component of the monetary base. The estimated ECM regression coefficient suggests that monetary sterilization in Singapore is nearly perfect for the 1984–1995 period. The estimates of other macroeconomic relations also support the hypothesis of the quasi-market monetary sterilization mechanism.
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Jeng, D. K., K. A. Kaczmarek, A. G. Woodworth, and G. Balasky. "Mechanism of microwave sterilization in the dry state." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, no. 9 (1987): 2133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.9.2133-2137.1987.

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Fang, Weijin, Shengping Xue, and Yitong Yue. "Progress of pulsed light sterilization technology in the food field." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 04072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018504072.

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In recent years, the rate of disease outbreaks caused by food-borne microorganisms is gradually increasing. The abuse of food preservatives has not only caused environmental problems, but also led to the gradual increase in the resistance of bacteria. As a non-thermal physical sterilization technology, pulsed light sterilization has attracted more and more attention in the field of food sterilization. Traditional heat sterilization will destroy the quality of food and cannot be used for preservation of fruits and vegetables. Chemical reagents will cause environmental problems. The pulsed light sterilization technology has the advantages of low cost, pollution-free, safe and efficient, and will not damage food quality. It can be perfectly applied in the field of food sterilization. Pulsed light can also be used in combination with other sterilization technologies. For example, the combined application of pectin coating and UV sterilization technology to treat food will achieve better results. The research on pulsed light sterilization at home and abroad is mainly based on the application in food sterilization. This article describes the mechanism of pulsed light sterilization, introduces the application examples of pulsed light sterilization in the food field, and discusses the impact on food quality.
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WATANABE, TAKAYUKI, HIDEHIKO INOUE, and ATSUSHI KANZAWA. "Sterilization Mechanism of Escherichia coli by a Silent Discharge." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 24, no. 1 (1998): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.24.140.

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Lin, Lin, Xinlei Wang, Changzhu Li, and Haiying Cui. "Inactivation mechanism of E. coli O157:H7 under ultrasonic sterilization." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 59 (December 2019): 104751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104751.

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Zhang, Ming. "Chinese Stylized Sterilization: The Cost-sharing Mechanism and Financial Repression." China & World Economy 20, no. 2 (March 2012): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-124x.2012.01279.x.

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Yue, Longfei, Shougang Chen, Shuting Wang, Caiyu Wang, Xiangping Hao, and Y. Frank Cheng. "Water disinfection using Ag nanoparticle–CuO nanowire co-modified 3D copper foam nanocomposites in high flow under low voltages." Environmental Science: Nano 6, no. 9 (2019): 2801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9en00455f.

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Chen, Xin, Qing Wang, Jing Tian, Yuanyuan Liu, Yiding Wang, and Chun Yang. "A study on the photocatalytic sterilization performance and mechanism of Fe-SnO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction materials." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 22 (2020): 9456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj01137a.

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Lu, Z. Y., H. Ding, W. Q. Sun, and P. P. Andshi. "The Study on Experiment and Mechanism of Sterilization with Electromagnetic Wave." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 21, no. 6 (January 1, 2007): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939307780749084.

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Sato, Takehiko, Takashi Miyahara, Akiko Doi, Shiroh Ochiai, Takuya Urayama, and Tatsuyuki Nakatani. "Sterilization mechanism for Escherichia coli by plasma flow at atmospheric pressure." Applied Physics Letters 89, no. 7 (August 14, 2006): 073902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2336594.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sterilization mechanism"

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Slámová, Jitka. "Studium sterilizačních účinků dielektrického bariérového výboje." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233367.

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The overall goal of the presented dissertation thesis was to study the sterilization efficiency of dielectric barrier discharge operated at atmospheric pressure. The fungi Aspergillus niger, gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and in some experiments also gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli were used as a bio-indicator enabling to evaluate the effect of plasma assisted microbial inactivation. The samples of microorganism were placed on paper Whatman 1 or PET foil and exposed to plasma. The plasma was generated in argon, nitrogen, synthetic dry/humid air with frequency up to 10 kHz and plasma power density in the range of 1,2-2,9 W/cm3 (according to the process gas). The influence of process gas, plasma power density, plasma exposition time, type of microorganism and material of the substrate on the sterilization effect of dielectric barrier discharge was evaluated. Furthermore the contribution of each single mechanism (UV radiation, temperature and reactive species) to the sterilization effect of plasma and influence of gas humidity was evaluated. The DBD was analysed by means of optical emission spectroscopy, thermocouple was used to measure temperature during a sterilization process. In order to verify the mechanical damage of the microbial cell or the substrates during the plasma process the samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Generally, on the basis of experimental results, at increasing treatment times, the remaining number of spores (CFU) decreased. Similarly at increasing the plasma power input, the sterilization rate increased. When sterilising the spores of A. niger in plasma using different process gasses, the efficiency of plasma sterilization decreased as follows: argon, humid synthetic air, nitrogen and dry synthetic air. The results observed in argon plasma using different microorganism demonstrated that the sensitivity of vegetative cells resp. spores to DBD decreased as follows: A. niger spores, B. subtilis vegetative cells, E. coli vegetative cells and B. subtilis spores. Simultaneously results observed for sterilization of spores and vegetative cells of B. subtilis and A. niger demonstrated that the spores are generally more resistant to plasma than are the corresponding vegetative cells. Combining the results of contribution of each single mechanism, optical emission spectroscopy and inactivation characteristic it was found out that the reactive species significantly contribute to the plasma sterilization in all process gasses. Furthermore the inactivation process can be partly assisted by UV radiation and also the temperature can contribute in limited extent to inactivation process in some gasses. The contribution of UV radiation to the plasma sterilization decreased as follows: nitrogen, argon, dry syntetic air and humid syntetic air. Moreover it was found out that the contribution of each single mechanism can be species dependent, this is due to the different response of microorganism to the unfavorable external conditions. SEM analysis of the substrates prooved the etching actions of the plasma generated in all process gasses on the surface of the PET foil. The several minute plasma exposition of the PET foil resulted in the occurence of the „hole corrosion“ on the PET surface. Contrary to these there were no visible changes observed in the paper structure.
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Roth, Stefan [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Hertel. "Investigations on the mechanisms of sterilization by non-thermal low-pressure nitrogen-oxygen plasmas / Stefan Roth. Betreuer: Christian Hertel." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1027292240/34.

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Vojkovská, Hana. "Studium dílčích inaktivačních mechanismů uplatňujících se při sterilizaci eukaryotních systémů v dielektrickém bariérovém výboji." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216702.

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This diploma thesis is focused on studying of the effect of the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) on eucaryotic microorganisms. Plasma sterilization is considered to be an alternative method to conventional sterilization processes. Contrary to standard decontamination methods it doesn´t stress exposed material by heat, pressure and chemicals. Plasma acts on eucaryotic and procaryotic systems by means of synergy of three inactivation mechanisms. They are various reactive species, UV radiation and heat. The Aspergillus niger has been chosen as a bio-indicator enabling to evaluate the effect of plasma assisted microbial inactivation. Plasma was generated in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure. Nitrogen and argon were used as working gases, paper and PET foil were used as carrying media. The influence of various working conditions on the sterilization effect was studied. Namely it was the influence of plasma exposition time, plasma power density, the type of operating gas and type of supporting medium. The effect of UV radiation in combination with temperature, temperature and direct plasma were studied separately. According to our results the efficiency of DBD increases with plasma power density, resp. plasma exposition time. When comparing sterilization efficiency of nitrogen and argon operating at the same conditions, the higher sterilization effect was observed in argon. The influence of the carrying medium on sterilization effectiveness was proved. It was caused by the different structure of surface. It was found out, that in our experimental setup the active species are probably the main inactivation mechanism. The influence of temperature on inactivation of microorganisms was negligible. The combination of UV radiation and temperature reached the decontamination level about 2 orders. The discharge parameters were studied by means of optical emmision spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy enabled to evaluate possible damage of exposed materials through DBD.
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Bittnerová, Zuzana. "Studium dílčích inaktivačních mechanismů uplatňujících se při sterilizaci prokaryotních systémů v dielektrickém bariérovém výboji." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216764.

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Presented master’s thesis is focused on the study of the elementary inactivation processes acting during sterilization of procaryotic systems in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Sterilization is an important biomedical and food-industry application and plasma sterilization is one of the methods, which are suitable for sterilization of heat and chemical sensitive materials. Biologically contaminated samples were treated in dielectric barrier discharge operated at atmospheric pressure. The discharge was generated in argon and in nitrogen. The plasma power density was 2725,93 mW cm–3 in argon and 2325,93 mW cm–3 in nitrogen. Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli were used as a bioindicator. Bacteria were spread onto the surface of Whatman No.1 filtration paper. The influence of UV radiation, reactive species, heat and plasma discharge where the synergistic function of all of the agents was studied. Effects of UV radiation and temperature were studied separately. In order to separate the effect of UV radiation generated by DBD the quartz glass transmitting UV radiation was employed. During the plasma exposition selected samples were covered with the quartz window while other samples were directly exposed to the plasma. Covered samples were exposed to UV radiation and temperature (which cannot be eliminated), samples without quartz window were directly plasma exposed (treated). Results show that for covered samples the lower inactivation was reached than by the samples directly exposed to plasma. When studying the effect of temperature, the temperature between the DBD electrodes was measured by means of a thermocouple. Afterwards the samples were placed in an oven and exposed to the same temperature as was measured between the electrodes. By comparing the results of heat treated samples and plasma treated samples it can be assumed that the influence of the temperature during the sterilization process in DBD is very low. The discharge parameters were studied by means of the Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Plasma treated samples were assessed employing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Damage of Bacillus subtilis cell wall due to the effect of plasma was observed while no effect of plasma on the structure of filtration paper was detected.
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Karam, Leandro Zen. "Desenvolvimento de um biosensor para mensuração de deformações mecânicas em tecidos ósseos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1367.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um biosensor, utilizando redes de Bragg em fibras óticas, capaz de mensurar deformações em tecido ósseo. Inicialmente foram realizados testes de esterilização e desinfecção com sensores, após o processo completo, os sensores foram testados quanto a sua sensibilidade. Com isso os métodos de esterilização e desinfecção autoclave, óxido etileno, hipoclorito de sódio, cloramina T e ácido peracético, foram eficazes para eliminação e ou inativação dos microrganismos, sem que haja alterações no comportamento das FBGs. Com isso definem-se métodos aplicáveis para possíveis estudos, onde fibras óticas foram implantadas em animais in vivo para estudos de comportamento metabólico com a presença de materiais inorgânicos. Na continuidade dos trabalhos foram realizados testes de compatibilidade de fibras óticas inseridas no tecido subcutâneo de ratos. Baseado na análise descritiva dos cortes histológicos pode-se concluir que as fibras ópticas sem revestimento e com revestimento foram biocompatíveis quando implantadas em subcutâneo de ratos. Sendo assim, foi possível contemplar o desenvolvimento de um sensor baseado em redes de Bragg em fibras óticas para implantação direta no tecido ósseo. Posteriormente foram realizados testes-piloto para o desenvolvimento da metodologia de construção e implante no desenvolvimento de biosensores. Com todo o trabalho feito até à data, o desenvolvimento e construção de um biosensor que foi implantado in vivo foi possível. O biossensor foi fixado na região mandibular de um bovino quatro meses de idade. Uma semana após a implantação, os animais receberam diferentes tipos de alimentos e foi monitorizada durante a ingestão de alimentos. Com as deformações medidas foi possível a análise dos diferentes padrões mastigatórios e diferentes magnitudes de força e frequência mastigatória que o animal desempenhada durante o processo de mastigação.
This study aims to develop a biosensor using Bragg gratings in optical fibers, capable of measuring deformation in bone tissue for this took a lot of work. Initially sterilization and disinfection with sensors tests were performed after the entire process, the sensors were tested for their sensitivity. In the same study methods of sterilization and disinfection have been tested to assess its efficiency. Thus methods of sterilization and disinfection autoclave, ethylene oxide, sodium hypochlorite, chloramine T and peracetic acid were effective for removing or inactivating microorganisms and, without changes in the behavior of the FBGs. With this set up methods applicable for possible studies, where optical fibers are implanted in in vivo animal studies metabolic behavior in the presence of inorganic materials. Continuing the work was carried out optical fiber compatibility tests inserted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Based on the descriptive analysis of histological sections can be concluded that the optical fiber uncoated and coated were biocompatible when implanted in rat subcutaneous tissue. Thus it is possible to contemplate the development of a sensor based on Bragg gratings in optical fibers for direct implantation into the bone tissue. Following on from the work were carried out pilot tests for development of construction methodology and implant in biosensor development. With all the work done to date, the development and construction of a biosensor that was implanted in vivo was possible. The biosensor was fixed in the mandibular region of a bull four months old. A week after implantation, the animal received different types of food and was monitored during the intake of foods. With the deformations measured parse the different masticatory patterns and different magnitudes of force and masticatory frequency that the animal developed during the chewing process completing the objectives of this study.
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Chang, T. C., and 張子青. "Physical Mechanism Analysis of Plasma Sterilization." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29763235825605856514.

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Mathys, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Inactivation mechanisms of Geobacillus and Bacillus spores during high pressure thermal sterilization / vorgelegt von Alexander Mathys." 2008. http://d-nb.info/989513688/34.

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Halfmann, Helmut [Verfasser]. "Characterization of low pressure double inductively coupled plasmas, determination of fundamental sterilization mechanisms and surface modifications of medical materials / Helmut Halfmann." 2008. http://d-nb.info/988952319/34.

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Books on the topic "Sterilization mechanism"

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Sterilization And Disinfection By Plasma Sterilization Mechanisms Biological And Medical Applications. Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sterilization mechanism"

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Kubyshkina, G., B. Zupančič, M. Štukelj, D. Grošelj, L. Marion, and I. Emri. "Sterilization effect on structure, thermal and time-dependent properties of polyamides." In Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 3, 11–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0213-8_3.

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"Mechanisms of Action." In Antisepsis, Disinfection, and Sterilization, 217–51. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555819682.ch7.

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"Mechanisms of Action." In Antisepsis, Disinfection, and Sterilization, 217–51. American Society of Microbiology, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555816445.ch7.

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"Mechanisms of Microbial Resistance." In Antisepsis, Disinfection, and Sterilization, 253–334. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555819682.ch8.

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"Mechanisms of Microbial Resistance." In Antisepsis, Disinfection, and Sterilization, 253–334. American Society of Microbiology, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555816445.ch8.

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"Spore Inactivation Mechanisms during Industrial Food and Equipment Sterilization." In Encyclopedia of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Food, 1–6. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-ebaf-120048482.

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Ludwig, Horst, and Wilhelm Scigalla. "Pressure- and Temperature-Induced Inactivation of Microorganisms." In High Pressure Effects in Molecular Biophysics and Enzymology. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097221.003.0025.

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Bacteria are unstable when the temperature or pressure is sufficiently high. Their inactivation by pressure is the result of a complicated interplay of both temperature and pressure effects. The p-T stability diagram of bacteria is similar to that of proteins. But inactivation kinetics of bacteria indicate that the lethal event cannot be the denaturation of the most sensitive proteins in the cell. For in that case one would expect a lag time followed by a sudden inactivation when the last copy of those sensitive proteins was destroyed. On the contrary, it appears as if the kinetics is caused by a single damage mechanism. In addition, some evidence suggests that the membrane is involved. Therefore, it seems that membrane-associated proteins play a major role in the activation of bacteria. The inactivation of bacterial spores shows an even more complex T-p interrelationship. The reason is that two different processes are combined in spore inactivation: the germination of dormant spores at comparatively low pressures and the inactivation of the germinated specimens at high pressures. Thus, special procedures are needed for effective spore inactivation. Microorganisms are killed when the surrounding hydrostatic pressure is sufficiently high. This finding provides the basis for developing a physical sterilization method for drugs and food. Initial experiments in this area were carried out nearly 100 years ago (Hite, 1899), but technical shortcomings and incomplete scientific knowledge impeded their utilization at that time. Recently, the application of high pressure in food preservation and processing has garnered new interest (Hayashi 1989; Balny et al, 1992). To collect precise kinetic data for pressure-induced degermination, we constructed a device which consisted of 10 pressure vessels that could be thermostated in two groups of five each. Each vessel had an inner diameter of 1.2cm and an inner length of 12 cm. The samples were separated from the pressure medium, water, by polyethylene tubes or bags. The maximum pressure was 7 kbar. The vegetative bacteria were always freshly cultured from one single organism before each experimental run. The preparations were allowed to grow to the exponential phase and were used in experiments just before the stationary phase had been reached.
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Masuda, Hayato. "Enhancement of Heat Transfer Using Taylor Vortices in Thermal Processing for Food Process Intensification." In Food Processing – New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99443.

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We are witnessing a transition from the traditional to novel processing technologies in the food industry to address the issues regarding energy, environment, food, and water resources. This chapter first introduces the concept of food process intensification based on vortex technologies to all food engineers/researchers. Thereafter, the novel processing methods for starch gelatinization/hydrolysis and heat sterilization based on Taylor–Couette flow are reviewed. In fluid mechanics communities, the Taylor–Couette flow is well-known as a flow between coaxial cylinders with the inner cylinder rotating. Recently, this unique flow has been applied in food processing. In starch processing, enhanced heat transfer through Taylor vortex flow significantly improves gelatinization. In addition, effective and moderate mixing leads to an increase in the reducing sugar yield. In sterilization processing, the enhanced heat transfer also intensifies the thermal destruction of Clostridium botulinum. However, a moderate heat transfer should be ensured because excessive heat transfer also induces thermal destruction of the nutritional components. The Taylor–Couette flow is only an example considered here. There are various flows that intensify the heat/mass transfer and mixing in food processing. It is expected that this chapter will stimulate the development of food processing based on fluid technologies, toward food process intensification.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sterilization mechanism"

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Pagel, Kenny, Jonas Esch, Daniel Hoffmann, Heiko Trautner, Simon Herrlich, Sven Spieth, and Welf-Guntram Drossel. "Development of a Shape Memory Alloy Actuator for a Micromechanical Sterilization Cycle Counter." In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2242.

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Abstract The steam sterilization of reusable medical instruments is a critical process. Standardized treatments with hot, saturated steam at maximum temperatures of up to 138 °C often represent a significant thermal load, which is repeated with varying number of cycles depending on the medical device. Until now, there is no possibility for medical device manufacturers to monitor how often a product has been sterilized. However, this is necessary for both safety and warranty issues, since according to the European Medical Device Regulation (EU-MDR), the manufacturer must specify how often a product can be sterilized. In this paper the actuator approach for a micromechanical “sterilization cycle counter” is presented. It is designed to autonomously record, count and store steam sterilizations directly on the instrument by combining silicon micromechanics with shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators. This enables an autonomous operation without additional energy sources such as batteries. During the steam sterilization cycle, a certain temperature limit is exceeded once and detected by the SMA. The system development aims at the heterogeneous integration of standard SMA wires into a silicon microstructure. The transformation temperatures of the SMA is thereby increased to the relevant range by prestressing. In detail, the paper first describes the approach of the counting mechanism and the possibilities and limitations of implementing and pretensioning of SMA wires in silicon microstructures. Based on that, the development of the SMA actuator geometry using an SMA Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model according to the approach of Aurichio is described. The model is validated using an up-scaled test bench of the system, in which various geometric parameters can be varied. Finally, the results will be discussed in particular regarding the MEMS process chain to be carried out in the next step.
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Sawano, T., T. Murakami, and Y. Sawae. "Evaluation of Wear Resistance of Cross-Linked Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene for Joint Prostheses in the Multi-Directional Pin-on-Plate Apparatus." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63656.

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Gamma irradiation is used as a sterilization method for joint prosthesis. For this procedure, gamma irradiation causes crosslinking of UHMWPE. Crosslinked UHMWPE molecules connect each other strongly. However gamma irradiation causes the reduction in mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation because primary chain scission occurrs. Therefore, excessive irradiation would cause some problems. We suggest the existence of the optimum dose for minimum wear and moderate reduction in tensile strength and elongation. Furthermore we indicate a mechanism of wear resistance of gamma irradiated UHMWPE.
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Chowdhury, A. M. Masum Bulbul, Jinsai Cheng, Michael J. Cullado, and Tao Shen. "Design and Analysis of a Wire-Driven Multifunctional Robot for Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22471.

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Abstract Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) is a fast-growing method in the field of MIS (Minimally Invasive Surgery) that has the potential to represent the future of laparoscopic surgeries. The major benefits of SILS results from a single incision which makes surgeries essentially scar-less, and it can reduce wound infection substantially as well as recuperation time. Many new researches are now focusing on developing cutting edge technologies to support SILS; however, the practical applications of SILS are constrained by a number of intricacies such as space limitation, absence of dexterous multitasking tools, lack of sufficient actuation force and poor visualization. Deployment and retraction of surgical tools or robots are done manually in the absence of a multitasking tool manipulator which increases the surgery time, risk of injury and surgeon’s fatigue. Our research focuses on designing a novel operative hardware (multitasking manipulator) to facilitate the SILS technique with automatic tool changing capability. A wire driven mechanism has been implemented in the design to minimize the damage to the electronic hardware during sterilization since the electronic actuation and sensing components are located remotely from the end-effector which requires heat or chemical sterilization before surgery. And a wire-driven articulated robotic arm has also been designed to support the manipulator. The details of the robotic design and analysis are conducted in the paper. The feasibility of this robotic method has been demonstrated by experiments.
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Wu, Faye Y., Meysam Torabi, Atsushi Yamada, Alex Golden, Gregory S. Fischer, Kemal Tuncali, Dan D. Frey, and Conor Walsh. "An MRI Coil-Mounted Multi-Probe Robotic Positioner for Cryoablation." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13132.

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Cryoablation is a percutaneous procedure for treating solid tumors using needle-like instruments. This paper presents an interventional guidance device for faster and more accurate alignment and insertion of multiple probes during cryoablation performed in closed bore magnetic resonance (MR) imaging systems. The device is compact and is intended to be mounted onto a Siemens 110 mm MR loop coil. A cable-driven two-degrees-of-freedom spherical mechanism mimics the wrist motion as it orients the intervention probes about a remote center of motion located 15 mm above the skin. A carriage interfaces with the probes via a thumbscrew-fastened latch to passively release the probes from their tracks, enabling them to be inserted sequentially and freeing them to move with respiration. Small actuator modules containing piezoelectric encoder-based motors are designed to be snap-fit into the device for ease of replacement and sterilization. The robot MRI compatibility was validated with standard cryoablation imaging sequences in 3T MR environment, yielding a maximum of 4% signal to noise ratio during actuator motion. Bench-level device characterization demonstrated a maximum error of 0.78° in the carriage movement. Needle-tip placement experiments for multiple targets in gelatin were performed using our image-guided navigation software, measuring an average targeting error of 2.0 mm.
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Horowitz, B., M. Piët, and A. M. Prince. "TREATMENT OF PLASMA DERIVATIVES WITH UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS TO INACTIVATE VIRUSES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644150.

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Abstract:
Virus sterilization of blood plasma derivatives by addition of several naturally occurring fatty acids was evaluated using VSV and Sindbis virus as markers for lipid enveloped virus inactivation. Complete inactivation >4 log10) of virus added to an AHF concentrate with 60-101)% retention of AHF activity was achieved with oleic, 11-eicosenoic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitoleic and arachidonic acids. Elaidic, gamma-linolenic, palmitic, and arachidic acids. Another fat-soluble compound previously reported to inactivate virus, butylated hydroxytoluene, was less effective. A long chain mono- but not a di- or tri-glyceride also displayed virucidal properties.The degree of virus inactivation depended on the sample composition. A favorable balance was achieved between degree of virus inactivation and retention of protein function for AHF concentrate, prothrombin complex concentrate, antithrombin-III concentrate, and immune globulin solution on incubation with 0.033% (w/v) sodium oleateat 24°C for 4-6 hours. Virus inactivation in whole plasma and plasma cryoprecipitate was not complete despite use of higher concentrations of sodiumleate and/or incubation at 37°C.Utilization of fatty acids for thepreparation of blood derivatives has the advantage that they are naturallyoccurring and have low toxicity, thussimplifying the production process. This simplicity encourages the sequential use of fatty acids with other procedures designed to inactivate or remove viruses and which operate by a distinct mechanism.
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Denis, B., N. Bibinov, P. Awakowicz, and J. Wunderlich. "Investigation on the sterilization mechanisms of a double inductively coupled plasma." In 2010 IEEE 37th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2010.5533908.

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Badescu, Mircea, Stewart Sherrit, Xiaoqi Bao, Cameron Lindsey, Thomas Kutzer, Eduardo Salazar, and Yoseph Bar-Cohen. "Synchronous separation, seaming, sealing and sterilization (S4) using brazing for sample containerization and planetary protection." In Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites XII, edited by Hani E. Naguib. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294566.

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Stapelmann, Katharina, Marcel Fiebrandt, Ines Burger, Peter Awakowicz, Jan-Wilm Lackmann, Elena Steinborn, and Julia E. Bandow. "On our way to understand sterilization mechanisms — Inactivation and modification of bio-macromolecules by H2 and O2 plasma." In 2013 IEEE 40th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2013.6633303.

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