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Journal articles on the topic 'Sterilization mechanism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Wu, Ying, and Ruifang Wang. "Monetary Sterilization of Capital Inflows through the Central-Provident-Fund Savings in Singapore." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 06, no. 01 (March 2003): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091503000979.

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This paper examines the monetary sterilization mechanism of the Singapore economy. We argue that, in the absence of a well-developed open financial market, the Central Provident Fund (CPF) has in fact played a role as a quasi-market mechanism in sterilizing the effect of foreign-exchange assets inflow. Using the error-correction-mechanism (ECM) approach, we model the implicit monetary sterilization mechanism and estimate the offset coefficient between the net-domestic-credit component and the net-foreign-asset component of the monetary base. The estimated ECM regression coefficient suggests that monetary sterilization in Singapore is nearly perfect for the 1984–1995 period. The estimates of other macroeconomic relations also support the hypothesis of the quasi-market monetary sterilization mechanism.

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2

Jeng, D. K., K. A. Kaczmarek, A. G. Woodworth, and G. Balasky. "Mechanism of microwave sterilization in the dry state." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, no. 9 (1987): 2133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.9.2133-2137.1987.

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3

Fang, Weijin, Shengping Xue, and Yitong Yue. "Progress of pulsed light sterilization technology in the food field." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 04072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018504072.

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In recent years, the rate of disease outbreaks caused by food-borne microorganisms is gradually increasing. The abuse of food preservatives has not only caused environmental problems, but also led to the gradual increase in the resistance of bacteria. As a non-thermal physical sterilization technology, pulsed light sterilization has attracted more and more attention in the field of food sterilization. Traditional heat sterilization will destroy the quality of food and cannot be used for preservation of fruits and vegetables. Chemical reagents will cause environmental problems. The pulsed light sterilization technology has the advantages of low cost, pollution-free, safe and efficient, and will not damage food quality. It can be perfectly applied in the field of food sterilization. Pulsed light can also be used in combination with other sterilization technologies. For example, the combined application of pectin coating and UV sterilization technology to treat food will achieve better results. The research on pulsed light sterilization at home and abroad is mainly based on the application in food sterilization. This article describes the mechanism of pulsed light sterilization, introduces the application examples of pulsed light sterilization in the food field, and discusses the impact on food quality.

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4

WATANABE, TAKAYUKI, HIDEHIKO INOUE, and ATSUSHI KANZAWA. "Sterilization Mechanism of Escherichia coli by a Silent Discharge." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 24, no. 1 (1998): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.24.140.

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5

Lin, Lin, Xinlei Wang, Changzhu Li, and Haiying Cui. "Inactivation mechanism of E. coli O157:H7 under ultrasonic sterilization." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 59 (December 2019): 104751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104751.

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6

Zhang, Ming. "Chinese Stylized Sterilization: The Cost-sharing Mechanism and Financial Repression." China & World Economy 20, no. 2 (March 2012): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-124x.2012.01279.x.

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7

Yue, Longfei, Shougang Chen, Shuting Wang, Caiyu Wang, Xiangping Hao, and Y. Frank Cheng. "Water disinfection using Ag nanoparticle–CuO nanowire co-modified 3D copper foam nanocomposites in high flow under low voltages." Environmental Science: Nano 6, no. 9 (2019): 2801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9en00455f.

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8

Chen, Xin, Qing Wang, Jing Tian, Yuanyuan Liu, Yiding Wang, and Chun Yang. "A study on the photocatalytic sterilization performance and mechanism of Fe-SnO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction materials." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 22 (2020): 9456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj01137a.

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9

Lu, Z. Y., H. Ding, W. Q. Sun, and P. P. Andshi. "The Study on Experiment and Mechanism of Sterilization with Electromagnetic Wave." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 21, no. 6 (January 1, 2007): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939307780749084.

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10

Sato, Takehiko, Takashi Miyahara, Akiko Doi, Shiroh Ochiai, Takuya Urayama, and Tatsuyuki Nakatani. "Sterilization mechanism for Escherichia coli by plasma flow at atmospheric pressure." Applied Physics Letters 89, no. 7 (August 14, 2006): 073902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2336594.

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11

Applegate, Rory, Shelly Olin, and Bethany Sabatino. "Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in Dogs: An Update." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6524.

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ABSTRACT Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of acquired urinary incontinence in dogs. The pathogenesis of USMI is multifactorial and complex. Studies have shown variable results regarding the effects and timing of sterilization on the incidence of USMI. Diagnosis of USMI is often based on history, physical examination, and elimination of other differentials. Treatment options for USMI include medications, such as α-adrenergic agents and estrogen products, minimally-invasive urethral bulking procedures, surgical procedures (e.g., indwelling urethral occluders), or combination therapy. The overall prognosis for USMI is typically fair to good with long-term therapy.

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12

Wei, Xin Lao, and Yu Long LI. "A Measuring Method of Liquid Food Conductivity Based on Pulse Response Measurement Method." Advanced Materials Research 981 (July 2014): 628–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.981.628.

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The food conductivity is one of impact factors on pulsed electric field sterilization. Abnormal breakdown of high conductivity liquid is also one of the bottlenecks in pulsed electric field sterilization technology. The conductivity of liquid food should be accurate calculated for searching the mechanism of abnormal breakdown deeply. An accurate measuring method of conductivity of liquid food is proposed based on pulse response method. Conductivity can be calculated by data recorded from oscilloscope with electrical pulse treating on the conductance cell. This method can decrease the impact of stray capacitance and polarization phenomenon on measured results.

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13

Wen, Shengwu, Tianhua Wu, Hui Long, Liying Ke, Suiping Deng, Langhuan Huang, Jingxian Zhang, and Shaozao Tan. "Mechanism Insight into Rapid Photodriven Sterilization Based on Silver Bismuth Sulfide Quantum Dots." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, no. 18 (May 3, 2021): 21979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c02761.

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14

Mohamed, Abdel-Aleam H., Abdulrahman H. Basher, Jamal Q. M. Almarashi, and Salama A. Ouf. "Susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis to Argon Cold Plasma Jet by Oxygen Admixture." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 3455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083455.

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Cold atmospheric pressure sterilization is one of the nominated and efficient techniques to prevent the spread of diseases. Reactive species such as O and OH and other radicals play a major role in the mechanism of plasma sterilization. Therefore, in this work, oxygen was mixed with different parentage from (0.2 to 1.2%) to argon to enhance the generation of the reactive species and increase the argon atmospheric pressure plasma sterilization efficacy. The emission spectra from the jet increase the radicle line intensities by increasing the percentage admixture of O2 with the argon gas to reach a maximum power at 0.8; then, it gradually decreases with a higher O2 percentage. The OH band intensity decreases with increasing the admixture of O2. The jet with different O2 percentages was tested against Gram-positive S. epidermidis, which is the causal agent of nosocomial infections. The maximum reduction in colony-forming units (CFU) was observed at 0.2% O2. No bacterial growth was observed at the later concentration applied for 8 min and the same case was detected at 0.4% O2 applied to 16 min.

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15

Paton, Robert S., and Michael B. Bonsall. "The ecological and epidemiological consequences of reproductive interference between the vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 156 (July 2019): 20190270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0270.

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Vector ecology is integral to understanding the transmission of vector-borne diseases, with processes such as reproduction and competition pivotal in determining vector presence and abundance. The arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus compete as larvae, but this mechanism is insufficient to explain patterns of coexistence and exclusion. Inviable interspecies matings—known as reproductive interference—is another candidate mechanism. Here, we analyse mathematical models of mosquito population dynamics and epidemiology which include two Aedes -specific features of reproductive interference. First, as these mosquitoes use hosts to find mates, reproductive interference will only occur if the same host is visited. Host choice will, in turn, be determined by behavioural responses to host availability. Second, females can become sterilized after mis-mating with heterospecifics. We find that a species with an affinity for a shared host will suffer more from reproductive interference than a less selective competitor. Costs from reproductive interference can be ‘traded-off’ against costs from larval competition, leading to competitive outcomes that are difficult to predict from empirical evidence. Sterilizations of a self-limiting species can counterintuitively lead to higher densities than a competitor suffering less sterilization. We identify that behavioural responses and reproductive interference mediate a concomitant relationship between vector ecological dynamics and epidemiology. Competitors with opposite behavioural responses can maintain disease where human hosts are rare, due to vector coexistence facilitated by a reduced cost from reproductive interference. Our work elucidates the relative roles of the competitive mechanisms governing Aedes populations and the associated epidemiological consequences.

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16

Wang, Moxi, Li Feng, Xiaowei Fan, Dongmei Li, Wenqi Qu, Shuxian Jiang, and Shaoxiu Li. "Fabrication of Bifunctional Chitosan-Based Flocculants: Characterization, Assessment of Flocculation, and Sterilization Performance." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11102009.

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In this study, a series of chitosan-based quaternary ammonium graft flocculants, namely chitosan-graft-poly(acrylamide and methacryloyl ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) [CTS-g-P(AM-DMC)], was successfully synthesized by plasma initiation, and the as-prepared [CTS-g-P(AM-DMC)] had both flocculation and sterilization functions. Various characterization techniques were used to study the structure and physicochemical properties of the chitosan-based flocculants. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) confirmed the successful synthesis of CTS-g-P(AM-DMC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis exhibited that CTS-g-P(AM-DMC) contained a smooth convex and porous structure with an enormous surface area. CTS-g-P(AM-DMC) was then used to flocculate the simulated wastewater of the kaolin suspension and the Salmonella suspension. Besides external factors, such as the dosage of flocculant and pH, the effect of the internal factor graft ratio was also evaluated. The experimental results showed that CTS-g-P(AM-DMC) also revealed a strong sterilization effect, aside from the excellent flocculation effect. Moreover, the sterilization mechanism was investigated through a series of conductivity measurements and the analysis of fluorescence-based cell live/dead tests. The results indicated that CTS-g-P(AM-DMC) destroyed the cell membrane of Salmonella through its grafted quaternary ammonium salt, thereby exhibiting sterilization property.

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17

Fajar, Muhamad Ibnu, Elfahra Casanza Amalda, Muhammad Ali Akram Syah, and Nurussa’adah. "Design of a Switching Flyback Transformer as High Voltage and Frequency Power Supply for Raw Milk Cold Plasma Sterilization." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v1i3.50.

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Plasma is one of the four fundamentals states of matter other than solid, liquid and gas. In terms of temperature, plasma can be classified into Hot Plasma occurs in thermal equilibrium, Thermal Plasma occurs in non-thermal equilibrium, Cold Plasma occurs in non-thermal equilibrium Cold plasma is an ultra-fast method of sterilization that operates under ambient temperatures (ideal for thermolabile products) at a low running cost and is environment-friendly. Therefore, technology is needed to solve the problem through the innovation of a milk sterilization machine with the principle of non-thermal plasma sterilization by utilizing plasma technology to reduce microbial contamination. The output frequency and voltage are determined through software simulation using voltmeter, oscilloscope, and counter timer. After 220VAC supplies a voltage step down and rectifier circuit to produce a 12VDC output voltage to supply the Switching circuit voltage and the Flyback Transformer driver. Rated voltage and frequency reach 20kV 15kHz.The positive wire from the Flyback Transformer is connected to the acrylic box filled with water (positive electrode) and the ground wire is connected to another acrylic sheet (ground electrode. The milk medium to be sterilized can be placed on the positive electrode or between the ground and positive electrodes. Non-thermal plasma has an effective ability to decontaminate bacteria. This is because plasma is composed of a mixture of ionized particles, reactive radical molecules, and also ultraviolet Schematic circuit design has been successfully simulated. Acrylic sterilization media designs can be used to generate plasma. The mechanism of bacterial sterilization in milk is by the activity of inhibiting bacterial biofilms which can lead to bacterial DNA damage through reactive species in the non-thermal plasma used. Milk quality testing is carried out based on comparison of supporting literature with milk quality requirements according to SNI 3950: 2014.

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18

Hamidah, Noor, Dwi Anung Nindito, Tatau Wijaya Garib, Waluyo Nuswantoro, and Mahdi Santoso. "Desain Bilik Sterilisasi "White Box"." INERSIA: lNformasi dan Ekspose hasil Riset teknik SIpil dan Arsitektur 17, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/inersia.v17i1.39497.

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ABSTRACT The sterilization chamber is designed to sterilize the body using a filler formulation that is not harmful to the skin surface. Formulation, namely the composition of filler fluids (type, dose and amount) using substances that are safe for the body accordingly, certainly provides benefits. The use of the sterilization booth uses the correct and safe filling fluid. The sterilization chamber uses a mist nozzle sprayer (with the appropriate discharge) to spray the filling liquid so that the user is safe. This sterilization booth is named "White Box". This "White Box" research aims to design (functional and structural) and test (function test and performance test) on a system and mechanism for condensing the condensation of a humidifier that can fill the sterilization room optimally. The design method of the "White Box" sterilization booth uses a qualitative method with the following phases: (1) The preparation stage, namely the functional design and the structural design of the "White Box"; (2) The implementation stage is analyzing the use of tools and materials and making sterilization booths; (3) Post-implementation stage, namely testing the sterilization chamber, including the function test and performance test of the sterilization chamber. The design activity of the "White Box" sterilization booth was carried out by testing various variations of the prototype, including variations in the dimensions of the distribution pipe, the shape of the distribution pipe, and variations of the piping system. The validation process includes: (1) The diameter of the pipe against humidifier dew bursts; (2) The shape of the piping against humidifier dew spray; and (3) the length of the pipe passage to the humidifier dew spray. ABSTRAKBilik sterilisasi didesain untuk mensterilisasi tubuh dengan menggunakan formulasi zat pengisi yang tidak berbahaya bagi permukaan kulit. Formulasi yaitu komposisi cairan pengisi (jenis, takaran dan jumlah) menggunakan zat yang aman bagi tubuh yang sesuai, tentu memberi manfaat. Penggunaan bilik sterilisasi menggunakan cairan pengisi yang benar dan aman. Bilik sterilisasi menggunakan mist nozzle sprayer (yang debitnya sesuai) untuk menyemprotkan cairan pengisinya sehingga pengguna aman. Bilik sterilisasi ini diberi nama "White Box". Penelitian "White Box"ini bertujuan merancang (fungsional dan struktural) dan menguji coba (uji fungsi dan uji kinerja) pada sebuah sistem dan mekanisme penyaluran pengembunan dari alat humidifier yang mampu memenuhi ruang bilik sterilisasi secara optimal. Metode rancang bangun bilik sterilisasi "White Box" menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tahap kegiatan meliputi: (1) Tahap persiapan yaitu rancangan fungsional dan rancangan struktural"White Box"; (2) Tahap pelaksanaan yaitu analisa penggunaan alat dan bahan dan Pembuatan bilik sterilisasi; (3) Tahap Pasca Pelaksanaan yaitu pengujian bilik sterilisasi antara lain uji fungsi dan uji kinerja bilik sterilisasi. Muatan kegiatan rancang bangun bilik sterilisasi "White Box" dilakukan dengan cara menguji coba berbagai variasi prototipe, meliputi variasi dimensi pipa penyaluran, bentuk pipa penyalur, variasi sistem perpipaan. Proses validasi yang dilakukan meliputi: (1) Diamater pipa terhadap semburan embun humidifier; (2) Bentuk pipa penyalur terhadap semburan embun humidifier; dan (3) Panjang lintasan pipa terhadap semburan embun humidifier.

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19

KAGEYAMA, Makiko, Issei OTSUKA, and Chiaki KOMINE. "Clarification of the Sterilization Mechanism of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for Candida albicans." Journal of Japanese Society for Laser Dentistry 29, no. 3 (2019): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5984/jjpnsoclaserdent.29.141.

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20

Sato, Takehiko, Takashi Miyahara, Shiroh Ochiai, Akiko Doi, Takuya Urayama, and Tatsuyuki Nakatani. "821 Sterilization mechanism of Escherichia coli by a low-temperature atmospheric plasma flow(2)." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2006 (2006): _821–1_—_821–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2006._821-1_.

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21

Sato, Takehiko, Takashi Miyahara, Shiroh Ochiai, Akiko Doi, Takuya Urayama, and Tatsuyuki Nakatani. "821 Sterilization mechanism of Escherichia coli by a low temperature atmospheric plasma flow(1)." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2006 (2006): _821—a_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2006._821-a_.

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22

Yamada, Hiroko, Kensuke Konishi, Keita Shimada, Masayoshi Mizutani, and Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa. "Effect of Ultrafine Bubbles on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Staphylococcus Aureus During Sterilization of Machining Fluid." International Journal of Automation Technology 15, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0099.

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Bacterial growth is one of the common causes of putrefaction and deterioration of water-soluble machining fluid. The 16S ribosomal DNA metagenome analysis of the bacterial species composing the microbial flora present in the machining fluid derived after processing demonstrated a high amount of species belonging to the Pseudomonas genus. Therefore, we prepared two types of ultrafine bubbles water (gas species: air and CO2) containing different types of gas and confirmed the bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), a typical Pseudomonas species. The grinding fluid was prepared using sterile purified water containing ultrafine bubbles (hereafter referred to as UFB) as diluted water, and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inoculated to obtain 106 CFU/mL. The sterilization rate of the number of bacteria was determined immediately after immersion in each fluid and subsequently after two hours. The sterilization rate was determined to be 100% in the test group using the ultrafine bubbles water of CO2 (CO2-UFB water). As a comparative control, a similar test was performed on Staphylococcus aureus IFO12732, and the sterilization rate was determined as 0%. Fluorescence microscopic observation of bacteria after immersion in the CO2-UFB water demonstrated damage to the cell wall as the cause of death of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therefore, CO2-UFB demonstrated sterilization of machining fluid by killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the machining fluid. The bactericidal mechanism of UFB involved the induction of damage in bacterial cell walls. This can be attributed to crushing due to the increase in the particle size of UFB.

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23

LI, DA, HONG-ZHEN XIE, MIN ZHANG, JIN-KU LIU, and XIAO-HONG YANG. "THE CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS AND STERILIZATION PERFORMANCE OF Ag/Au NANOCOMPOSITE CHAINS." Nano 07, no. 01 (February 2012): 1150002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292011500020.

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The controlled synthesis of one-dimensional Ag/Au nanocomposite chains with a length of several micrometers (up to 3 μm) was described in this paper. In this synthesis method, the artificial active membrane of celloidin is used and N2H4 ⋅ H2O acts as the reductive agent. The morphologies, structures and optical properties of the product were researched by TEM, SEM, EDS, XRD, and UV-Vis, etc. The synthesis mechanism of product was also postulated. Experiments proved that the synergic sterilization performances of Ag/Au nanocomposite chains were stronger than Ag/Au nanocomposite particles.

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24

Yan, Dayun, Alisa Malyavko, Qihui Wang, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov, Jonathan H. Sherman, and Michael Keidar. "Multi-Modal Biological Destruction by Cold Atmospheric Plasma: Capability and Mechanism." Biomedicines 9, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091259.

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Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a near-room-temperature, partially ionized gas composed of reactive neutral and charged species. CAP also generates physical factors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thermal and electromagnetic (EM) effects. Studies over the past decade demonstrated that CAP could effectively induce death in a wide range of cell types, from mammalian to bacterial cells. Viruses can also be inactivated by a CAP treatment. The CAP-triggered cell-death types mainly include apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy-associated cell death. Cell death and virus inactivation triggered by CAP are the foundation of the emerging medical applications of CAP, including cancer therapy, sterilization, and wound healing. Here, we systematically analyze the entire picture of multi-modal biological destruction by CAP treatment and their underlying mechanisms based on the latest discoveries particularly the physical effects on cancer cells.

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25

KINUGASA, Hitoshi, and Tadakazu TAKEO. "Mechanism of retort smell development during sterilization of canned tea drink and its deodorization measure." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 63, no. 1 (1989): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.63.29.

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26

Takemoto, Ayumi, Masahiko Otsuka, Shigeru Itoh, Youhei Mibuka, and Masayoshi Iwahara. "On mechanism of non-heating sterilization using the underwater shock wave loading and gas formation." International Journal of Multiphysics 1, no. 4 (December 2007): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/175095407783419307.

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27

Schovanec, Petr, Darina Jasikova, Michal Kotek, Karel Havlicek, Magda Nechanicka, Jakub Eichler, Jiri Cech, and Petra Subrtova. "Sterilization of Biofilm in Foam Using a Single Cavitation Bubble." MATEC Web of Conferences 328 (2020): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032805003.

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This article presents the sterilization of bacteria using cavitation bubbles. Cavitation generated by ultrasound creates a cavitation cloud. Therefore is more advantageous to generate the cavitation bubbles by laser-induced breakdown, because it is possible to generate individual bubbles for the purpose of study single impact and physical mechanism of acting. The cavitation bubble is generated by a Nd: YAG 532nm laser beam, a short 10ns pulse. Here, we used optics to focus the laser beam and a high-speed camera to visualize characteristics the bubble. We used the method of long-distance microscopy and shadowgraph lightening for the visualization. We used the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method to determine the interaction of the bubble with the surrounding liquid and solid surface. The main goal of the research is to use cavitation to sterilize bacteria and biofilm in impact of single bubble collapse on living cells.

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28

Mengjie, Wu, and Liu Kun. "Application of and research on TiO2 photocatalysis technology." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016505001.

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Nano-TiO2 photocatalysis technology is a new environmental pollutant purification technology, but its application is very extensive. This paper introduces the photocatalytic properties of nano-TiO2, and summarizes the research progress of nano-TiO2 in industrial wastewater, marine pollution, solid waste degradation, air purification and sterilization. At the same time, it is pointed out that the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic technology has not fully reached the practical application level, and the development trend of nano-TiO2 photocatalytic materials is prospected. Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) using nanomaterials is a promising technology for removing pollutants, especially in deodorization, degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and sterilization. The mechanism of nanometer photocatalysis was reviewed in this paper. The influence factors including initial concentration of pollutants, reaction time, light intensity, humidity, surface area and catalyst activity were discussed. Furthermore, the application in photocatalytic removal of gas phase contaminants was summarized, and the future development of its application was proposed based on the existing problems.

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29

Sorică, Cristian Marian, Marian Vintilă, Laurentiu Vlădutoiu, Elena Sorică, Iulia Andreea Grigore, and Mario Cristea. "Aspects regarding the use of ultrasounds in the food industry." E3S Web of Conferences 286 (2021): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128604009.

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Ultrasound is a rapidly developping research field that is more and more used in the food domain, both for analysis and processing of food products. This technology has been successfully applied within food industry for various processes like freezing, filtration, drying, separation, emulsion, sterilization and extraction. The paper presents aspects regarding the mechanism and use of ultrasound in food processing, as well as some technical equipment that use ultrasound within a combined technology, for the decontamination of the external surfaces of some horticultural products.

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30

Zeng, Guoming, Pei Gao, Jiale Wang, Jinxi Zhang, Maolan Zhang, and Da Sun. "Algicidal Molecular Mechanism and Toxicological Degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa by White-Rot Fungi." Toxins 12, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12060406.

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Current research on the inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa growth is primarily focused on algae-lysing bacteria, and few studies have investigated the inhibitory mechanisms by which fungi affect it at the molecular level. A comparative analysis of the effects of Phanerochaete chrysosporium on the expression of the algal cell antioxidant protease synthesis gene prx, the biological macromolecule damage and repair genes recA, grpE, and fabZ, and the photosynthesis system-related genes psaB, psbD1 and rbcL, as well as genes for algal toxin synthesis mcyB, were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Phanerochaete chrysosporium against Microcystis aeruginosa cells. RT-qPCR technology was used to study the molecular mechanism of algal cell inhibition by Phanerochaete chrysosporium liquid containing metabolites of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phanerochaete chrysosporium supernatant and Phanerochaete chrysosporium inactivated via high temperature sterilization at the gene expression level. Compared with the control, the chlorophyll-a contents dropped, and the recA, grpE, fabZ, and prx increased, but the psaB, psbD1, rbcL and mcyB showed that they were significantly reduced, which indicated that Phanerochaete chrysosporium can not only effectively destroy algal cells, but they may also reduce the expression of the Microcystis aeruginosa toxin gene and significantly block the metabolic system underlying the growth of algal cells and the synthesis of microcystins.

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31

Sun, Fengkun, and Zebing Xing. "Study on Development and Application of Microwave Technology." Electronics Science Technology and Application 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2014): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/esta.v1i1.3.

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<p>Microwave technology in just a few decades has penetrated into all walks of life, to social development and people's life had a profound impact. On the basis of the development of the microwave, the details of the mechanism of microwave heating and microwave sterilization of both technologies, and microwave heating conditions and characteristics of clarification, in addition, also includes microwave technology is widely used in various fields, while microwave technology for the existing problems are analyzed, and the prospects for the development of microwave technology is also discussed.</p>

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Vasilets, Victor N. "PLASMACHEMICAL GENERATION OF NITRIC OXIDES IN AIR PLASMAS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196205.5958.

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Nitric oxide is well known as a poly functional regulator of different physiological processes in human body and therefore could be used for therapeutic purposes in different medical applications. In this review mechanism of nitric oxide generation in gas plasma and biological mechanisms of nitric oxide containing plasma gas treatment of tissues are described. In addition to nitric oxide the other biologically active species like hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen dioxide are formed in air plasma at atmospheric pressure. Synergetic action of molecules NO/H2O2 и NO/O2, generated in plasma gas results to manifold increase of sterilization activity of plasma mixture to bacteria and at the same time the toxicity of these species to living cells is low. Plasma gas exhibits therapeutic action on human tissues. On the one hand plasma gas contains molecules Н2О2, NO and NO2 acting as a antimicrobial agents and promoting sterilization, on the other hand the presence of significant concentration of NO leads to effective regeneration of damaged tissue. These processes are complementary and finally result to effective healing of diabetic trophic ulcer and other diseases in the oncology, ophthalmology, dentistry, purulent surgery, battlefield surgery and so on. Peculiarities of different discharges which could be used for generation of nitric oxide, like arc discharge, gliding arc discharge, microwave discharge, radiofrequency and pulsed discharges are discussed. The production of nitric oxide depending on type of discharge and plasma parameters like discharge power, gas flow rate and electrode configuration are analyzed. The efficacy of nitric oxide generation in different discharges is compared.

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Moor, A. C. E., A. van der Veen, T. M. A. R. Dubbelman, J. VanSteveninck, and A. Brand. "Photodynamic sterilization of red cells and its effect on contaminating white cells: viability and mechanism of cell death." Transfusion 39, no. 6 (June 1999): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1999.39060599.x.

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Nakamura, Koji, Hideaki Kiminami, Arisa Yamashita, Yoshihiko Abe, Keisuke Yoshino, and Shigeru Suzuki. "Assessment of the effects of sterilization methods on protein drug stability by elucidating decomposition mechanism and material analysis." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 484, no. 1-2 (April 2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.020.

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SATO, Takehiko, and Takeshi Furui. "G605 Generation process of chemical species by a steam plasma flow at atmospheric pressure and its sterilization mechanism." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2010 (2010): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2010.595.

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Lamdande, Archana G., Rochak Mittal, and Raghavarao K.S.M.S. "Flux evaluation based on fouling mechanism in acoustic field-assisted ultrafiltration for cold sterilization of tender coconut water." Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 61 (May 2020): 102312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102312.

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Guo, Rui, Guannan Han, Aiguo Yan, Yan He, Na Su, Xuanwen Liu, and Tingfeng Yi. "Epitaxial growth of metastable phase α-Ag2MoO4 on WO3 surface: Visible light-driven photocatalysis, sterilization, and reaction mechanism." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 814 (January 2020): 152255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152255.

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Li, Hui Xing, Bei Ni Li, Geng Geng, Wei Xiao, and Wei Wang. "Detection and Analysis of Microbial Contamination in Central Air Conditioning System of a University." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.661.

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Objective: Test the wind pipe dust and microorganism pollution status in the central air conditioning system of public buildings in the teaching area.Analysis of microbial pollution of the related factors.Methods:Sampling 6 functionally different area in the teaching building,using the microbiology analysis method on air conditioning system of blower tube surface dust pollution of microorganism detection,and the use of TiO2 photo catalyst purification mechanism on microbial contamination control.Results:on the basis of"centralized air ventilation system in public places sanitary specification",teaching areas of central air conditioning system of dust amount met the requirement basically.Bacterial concentrations generally beyond the standard,fungal concentration accords with the standard.The Method using TiO2 photo catalysis sterilization was proposed. Conclusion:Teaching of regional air conditioning pipe inner product dust weight is relatively large.Microbial pollution is serious.It is necessary that cleaning air conditioning system timely and using TiO2 Photocatalyst purification mechanism for killing air duct surface dust microorganism.

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Guo, Liping, Xuecong Zhang, Lin Xu, Yan Li, Bin Pang, Jingxin Sun, Baowei Wang, Ming Huang, Xinglian Xu, and Harvey Ho. "Efficacy and Mechanism of Ultrasound Combined with Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water for Inactivating Escherichia coli." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (March 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6689751.

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In the present study, the synergetic effect and mechanism of ultrasound (US) and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were evaluated. The results showed that US combined with SAEW treatment showed higher sanitizing efficacy for reducing E. coli than US and SAEW alone treatment. US and US combined with SAEW treatments resulted in smaller particle size of E. coli compared to the control and SAEW treatment. In addition, US combined with SAEW treatment induced the highest potassium leakage. However, the highest protein leakage was recorded in US treatment. Moreover, scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the greatest damage of the appearance and ultrastructure of E. coli was achieved after US combined with SAEW treatment. The synergetic effect was also confirmed by CLSM analysis. Fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that treatments of US, SAEW, and US combined with SAEW changed protein conformation of E. coli. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the sterilization mechanism of US combined with SAEW treatment was decreasing the particle size and disrupting the permeability of cell membrane and the cytoplasmic ultrastructure as well as changing protein conformation of E. coli.

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Freitas de Freitas, Lucas, Gustavo Varca, Jorge dos Santos Batista, and Ademar Benévolo Lugão. "An Overview of the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Radiation Technologies." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110939.

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At a nano-level, optical properties of gold are unique and gave birth to an emerging platform of nanogold-based systems for diverse applications, because gold nanoparticle properties are tunable as a function of size and shape. Within the available techniques for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles, the radiolytic synthesis allows proper control of the nucleation process without the need for reducing agents, in a single step, combined or not with simultaneous sterilization. This review details and summarizes the use of radiation technologies for the synthesis and preparation of gold nanoparticles concerning fundamental aspects, mechanism, current pathways for synthesis and radiation sources, as well as briefly outlines final applications and some toxicity aspects related to nanogold-based systems.

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Sato, Takehiko, and Takeshi Furui. "309 Generation and transportation mechanism of OH radical and sterilization efficacy by a steam plasma flow at atmospheric pressure." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2009.19 (2009): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2009.19.281.

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Barbosa-Alfaro, Deyanira, Vanessa Andrés-Guerrero, Ivan Fernandez-Bueno, María Teresa García-Gutiérrez, Esther Gil-Alegre, Irene Teresa Molina-Martínez, José Carlos Pastor-Jimeno, Rocío Herrero-Vanrell, and Irene Bravo-Osuna. "Dexamethasone PLGA Microspheres for Sub-Tenon Administration: Influence of Sterilization and Tolerance Studies." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 2 (February 6, 2021): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13020228.

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Many diseases affecting the posterior segment of the eye require repeated intravitreal injections with corticosteroids in chronic treatments. The periocular administration is a less invasive route attracting considerable attention for long-term therapies. In the present work, dexamethasone-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres (Dx-MS) were prepared using the oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion solvent evaporation technique. MS were characterized in terms of mean particle size and particle size distribution, external morphology, polymer integrity, drug content, and in vitro release profiles. MS were sterilized by gamma irradiation (25 kGy), and dexamethasone release profiles from sterilized and non-sterilized microspheres were compared by means of the similarity factor (f2). The mechanism of drug release before and after irradiation exposure of Dx-MS was identified using appropriate mathematical models. Dexamethasone release was sustained in vitro for 9 weeks. The evaluation of the in vivo tolerance was carried out in rabbit eyes, which received a sub-Tenon injection of 5 mg of sterilized Dx-MS (20–53 µm size containing 165.6 ± 3.6 µg Dx/mg MS) equivalent to 828 µg of Dx. No detectable increase in intraocular pressure was reported, and clinical and histological analysis of the ocular tissues showed no adverse events up to 6 weeks after the administration. According to the data presented in this work, the sub-Tenon administration of Dx-MS could be a promising alternative to successive intravitreal injections for the treatment of chronic diseases of the back of the eye.

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Liu, Xuanwen, Zhiyuan Ni, Yan He, Na Su, Rui Guo, Qing Wang, and Tingfeng Yi. "Ultrasound-assisted two-step water-bath synthesis of g-C3N4/BiOBr composites: visible light-driven photocatalysis, sterilization, and reaction mechanism." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 22 (2019): 8711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj01398a.

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44

Gibbs, P. E. "Male genital defect (Dumpton Syndrome) in the dog-whelk Nucella lapillus (Neogastropoda): Mendelian inheritance inferred, based on laboratory breeding experiments." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 1 (February 2005): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405010969h.

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Laboratory breeding of the dog-whelk, Nucella lapillus, has established that the male-sterilizing Dumpton Syndrome (DS)—underdevelopment, or non-development (aphally), of the penis, incomplete formation (non-closure) of the vas deferens, resulting in a split prostate—can be readily observed in male F1 progeny. Cultivated under high ambient concentrations of the antifouling agent tributyltin (TBT), DS-carrying females can be recognized by their lesser degree of masculinization (imposex): sterilization is thereby avoided. When Dumpton females are crossed, under high ambient TBT, with individuals from a non-DS-affected population (Bude, North Cornwall) DS is absent from both sexes. Crosses of these F1 progeny result in F2 progeny exhibiting the classic DS symptoms in both sexes. A Mendelian mechanism for DS inheritance is suggested by the data.

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Li, Haiping, Mehrdad Tajkarimi, and Bennie I. Osburn. "Impact of Vacuum Cooling on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infiltration into Lettuce Tissue." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 10 (March 14, 2008): 3138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02811-07.

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ABSTRACT Vacuum cooling is a common practice in the California leafy green industry. This study addressed the impact of vacuum cooling on the infiltration of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into lettuce as part of the risk assessment responding to the E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks associated with leafy green produce from California. Vacuum cooling significantly increased the infiltration of E. coli O157:H7 into the lettuce tissue (2.65E+06 CFU/g) compared to the nonvacuumed condition (1.98E+05 CFU/g). A stringent surface sterilization and quadruple washing could not eliminate the internalized bacteria from lettuce. It appeared that vacuuming forcibly changed the structure of lettuce tissue such as the stomata, suggesting a possible mechanism of E. coli O157:H7 internalization. Vacuuming also caused a lower reduction rate of E. coli O157:H7 in stored lettuce leaves than that for the nonvacuumed condition.

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Zhou, Lin, Xiuqiang Li, George W. Ni, Shining Zhu, and Jia Zhu. "The revival of thermal utilization from the Sun: interfacial solar vapor generation." National Science Review 6, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 562–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz030.

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Abstract Since solar energy is the ultimate energy resource and a significant amount of global energy utilization goes through heat, there have been persistent efforts for centuries to develop devices and systems for solar–thermal conversion. Most recently, interfacial solar vapor generation, as an emerging concept of solar–thermal conversion, has gained significant attention for its great potentials in various fields such as desalination, sterilization, catalysis, etc. With the advances of rationally designed materials and structures and photon and thermal management at the nanoscale, interfacial solar vapor generation has demonstrated both thermodynamic and kinetical advantages over conventional strategies. In this review, we aim to illustrate the definition, mechanism and figures of merit of interfacial solar vapor generation, and to summarize the development progress of relevant materials and applications, as well as to provide a prospective view of the future.

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Li, Jiao, Juhee Ahn, Donghong Liu, Shiguo Chen, Xingqian Ye, and Tian Ding. "Evaluation of Ultrasound-Induced Damage to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by Flow Cytometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 6 (January 8, 2016): 1828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03080-15.

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ABSTRACTAs a nonthermal sterilization technique, ultrasound has attracted great interest in the field of food preservation. In this study, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were employed to investigate ultrasound-induced damage toEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. For flow cytometry studies, single staining with propidium iodide (PI) or carboxyfluorescein diacetate (cFDA) revealed that ultrasound treatment caused cell death by compromising membrane integrity, inactivating intracellular esterases, and inhibiting metabolic performance. The results showed that ultrasound damage was independent of initial bacterial concentrations, while the mechanism of cellular damage differed according to the bacterial species. For the Gram-negative bacteriumE. coli, ultrasound worked first on the outer membrane rather than the cytoplasmic membrane. Based on the double-staining results, we inferred that ultrasound treatment might be an all-or-nothing process: cells ruptured and disintegrated by ultrasound cannot be revived, which can be considered an advantage of ultrasound over other nonthermal techniques. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that the mechanism of ultrasound-induced damage was multitarget inactivation, involving the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, and inner structure. Understanding of the irreversible antibacterial action of ultrasound has great significance for its further utilization in the food industry.

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Srivastava, Shashikant, Jotam Pasipanodya, Carleton M. Sherman, Claudia Meek, Richard Leff, and Tawanda Gumbo. "Rapid Drug Tolerance and Dramatic Sterilizing Effect of Moxifloxacin Monotherapy in a Novel Hollow-Fiber Model of Intracellular Mycobacterium kansasii Disease." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 4 (February 2, 2015): 2273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.04441-14.

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ABSTRACTMycobacterium kansasiiis the second most common mycobacterial cause of lung disease. Standard treatment consists of rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol for at least 12 months after negative sputum. Thus, shorter-duration therapies are needed. Moxifloxacin has good MICs forM. kansasii. However, good preclinical models to identify optimal doses currently are lacking. We developed a novel hollow fiber system model of intracellularM. kansasiiinfection. We indexed the efficacy of the standard combination regimen, which was a kill rate of −0.08 ± 0.05 log10CFU/ml/day (r2= 0.99). We next performed moxifloxacin dose-effect and dose-scheduling studies at a half-life of 11.1 ± 6.47 h. Some systems also were treated with the efflux pump inhibitor reserpine. The highest moxifloxacin exposure, as well as lower exposures plus reserpine, sterilized the cultures by day 7. This suggests that efflux pump-mediated tolerance at low ratios of the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0–24) to MICs is an early bacterial defense mechanism but is overcome by higher exposures. The highest rate of moxifloxacin monotherapy sterilization was −0.82 ± 0.15 log10CFU/ml/day (r2= 0.97). The moxifloxacin exposure associated with 80% of maximal kill (EC80) was an AUC0–24/MIC of 317 (the non-protein-bound moxifloxacin AUC0–24/MIC was 158.5). We performed Monte Carlo simulations of 10,000 patients in order to identify the moxifloxacin dose that would achieve or exceed the EC80. The simulations revealed an optimal moxifloxacin dose of 800 mg a day. The MIC susceptibility breakpoint at this dose was 0.25 mg/liter. Thus, moxifloxacin, at high enough doses, is suitable to study in patients for the potential to add rapid sterilization to the standard regimen.

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Enomoto, Nobuyuki, Kenichi Ikejima, Shunhei Yamashina, Ayako Enomoto, Teruhiro Nishiura, Tetsuro Nishimura, David A. Brenner, et al. "Kupffer cell-derived prostaglandin E2is involved in alcohol-induced fat accumulation in rat liver." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): G100—G106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.1.g100.

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Destruction of Kupffer cells with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) and intestinal sterilization with antibiotics diminished ethanol-induced steatosis in the enteral ethanol feeding model. However, mechanisms of ethanol-induced fatty liver remain unclear. Accordingly, the role of Kupffer cells in ethanol-induced fat accumulation was studied. Rats were given ethanol (5 g/kg body wt) intragastrically, and tissue triglycerides were measured enzymatically. Kupffer cells were isolated 0–24 h after ethanol, and PGE2production was measured by ELISA, whereas inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. As expected, ethanol increased liver triglycerides about threefold. This increase was blunted by antibiotics, GdCl3, the dihydropyridine-type Ca2+channel blocker nimodipine, and the COX inhibitor indomethacin. Ethanol also increased PGE2production by Kupffer cells about threefold. This increase was also blunted significantly by antibiotics, nimodipine, and indomethacin. Furthermore, tissue triglycerides were increased about threefold by PGE2treatment in vivo as well as by a PGE2EP2/EP4receptor agonist, whereas an EP1/EP3agonist had no effect. Moreover, permeable cAMP analogs also increased triglyceride content in the liver significantly. We conclude that PGE2derived from Kupffer cells, which are activated by ethanol, interacts with prostanoid receptors on hepatocytes to increase cAMP, which causes triglyceride accumulation in the liver. This mechanism is one of many involved in fatty liver caused by ethanol.

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Takai, Eisuke, Satoshi Ikawa, Katsuhisa Kitano, Junpei Kuwabara, and Kentaro Shiraki. "Molecular mechanism of plasma sterilization in solution with the reduced pH method: importance of permeation of HOO radicals into the cell membrane." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 46, no. 29 (July 1, 2013): 295402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/46/29/295402.

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