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Journal articles on the topic 'Steroid precursors'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lemmen, JG, CE van den Brink, J. Legler, PT van der Saag, and B. van der Burg. "Detection of oestrogenic activity of steroids present during mammalian gestation using oestrogen receptor alpha- and oestrogen receptor beta-specific in vitro assays." Journal of Endocrinology 174, no. 3 (2002): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1740435.

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Numerous steroid hormones are present in the foetus but their potential to activate oestrogen receptor (ER) alpha and/or beta is largely unknown. In this study, in vitro assays were developed to rapidly and specifically detect ERalpha or ERbeta activation by these steroid hormones. Our results showed that several oestrogen precursors and androgens are able to activate both ERalpha and ERbeta. Of special interest is that some of these precursors are able to activate ERalpha and ERbeta at concentrations that are present during human gestation. Moreover, some precursors (dehydroepiandrosterone (D

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2

Deb, Subrata, Steven Pham, Dong-Sheng Ming, et al. "Characterization of Precursor-Dependent Steroidogenesis in Human Prostate Cancer Models." Cancers 10, no. 10 (2018): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100343.

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Castration-resistant prostate tumors acquire the independent capacity to generate androgens by upregulating steroidogenic enzymes or using steroid precursors produced by the adrenal glands for continued growth and sustainability. The formation of steroids was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in LNCaP and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells, and in human prostate tissues, following incubation with steroid precursors (22-OH-cholesterol, pregnenolone, 17-OH-pregnenolone, progesterone, 17-OH-progesterone). Pregnenolone, progesterone, 17-OH-pregnenolone, and 17-OH-progesterone increased

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3

Othman, Y. S. H., та R. E. Oakey. "Why so much oestriol? A comparison of the aromatisation of androstenedione and 16α-hydroxyandrostenedione when incubated alone or together with human placental microsomes". Journal of Endocrinology 148, № 3 (1996): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1480399.

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Abstract Estimates of the relative abundance of 16α-hydroxy- and 16-deoxyoestrogens in late pregnancy urine lie between 13:1 and 5:1, yet the ratio of the concentrations of the major precursors 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in cord blood is about 2·5:1. This discrepancy might imply that 16α-hydroxy-C19 steroids are used more efficiently for placental oestrogen biosynthesis than are the 16α-deoxy-C19 steroids. On testing this hypothesis by incubation of placental microsomes with 16α-hydroxy- and 16-deoxy- precursors together (concentration ratios

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4

Stoll, Anna, Michele Iannone, Giuseppina De Gregorio, et al. "Influence of Pain Killers on the Urinary Anabolic Steroid Profile." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 44, no. 8 (2020): 871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaa049.

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Abstract Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are prohibited as performance-enhancing drugs in sports. Among them, testosterone and its precursors are often referred to as “pseudoendogenous” AAS, that is, endogenous steroids that are prohibited when administered exogenously. To detect their misuse, among other methods, the World Anti-Doping Agency-accredited laboratories monitor the steroid profile (concentrations and concentration ratios of endogenous steroids, precursors and metabolites) in urine samples collected from athletes in and out of competition. Alterations in steroid profile markers

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5

Dembek, K. A., K. J. Timko, L. M. Johnson, et al. "Steroids, steroid precursors, and neuroactive steroids in critically ill equine neonates." Veterinary Journal 225 (July 2017): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.05.009.

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6

Taylor, G. T., J. Scherrer, J. Weiss, and J. Pitha. "Endocrine interactions: adrenal steroids and precursors." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 266, no. 4 (1994): E676—E681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.4.e676.

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Adult male rats (n = 48) were castrated and treated daily for 4 wk with adrenal steroids in the presence or absence of adjuvant testosterone. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and androstenedione (2 mg/kg body wt) were administered as cyclodextrin complexes to mimic the pharmacodynamics of the endogenous products. Although they are the substrates for testosterone synthesis in target tissues, supplements of adrenal steroids alone were unable to maintain integrity of sociosexual responses and androgen target tissues after castration. More surprising, groups administered adrenal precur

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7

Engels, Manon, Karijn J. Pijnenburg-Kleizen, Agustini Utari, et al. "Glucocorticoid Activity of Adrenal Steroid Precursors in Untreated Patients With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 11 (2019): 5065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00547.

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Abstract Context and Objective We describe the clinical features and biochemical characteristics of a unique population of severely affected untreated patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) from an Indonesian population with proven cortisol deficiency but without clinical signs of cortisol deficiency. We evaluated the in vitro glucocorticoid activity of all relevant adrenal steroid precursors occurring in patients with CAH. Design Cross-sectional cohort study and translational research. Intervention/Main Outcome Measures Adrenal steroid precursor concentrations before and 60 minute

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8

Donova, Marina. "Microbiotechnologies for steroid production." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 3 (2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18039.

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Structural modification of steroids by microorganisms, known since the 1950s, is nowadays a base for industrial production of many steroid hormones and their high-value precursors. Phytosterols, renewable biomaterials of plant origin, are recognised now as most attractive, low-cost and available raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry.

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9

Taba, Fargol, Tze Han Sum, Paul J. Sintic, Ann H. Lundmark, and Maxwell J. Crossley. "Synthesis of Steroid–Porphyrin Conjugates from Oestradiol, Oestrone, and Lithocholic Acid." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 11 (2014): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14080.

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The synthesis of porphyrin–steroid conjugates is examined using the natural steroids oestradiol, oestrone, and lithocholic acid as precursors. Two strategies differing in the timing of formation of the steroid–porphyrin linkage leading to four different construction motifs are explored. Two approaches are based on a strategy of introduction of steroidal components in the porphyrin-forming reaction involving condensation of steroidal-alkylaldehydes and pyrrole to give 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(steroidal-alkyl)porphyrins and differ in the way in which the required aldehyde is introduced to the steroid

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10

Ebner, M. J., D. I. Corol, H. Havlíková, J. W. Honour, and J. P. Fry. "Identification of Neuroactive Steroids and Their Precursors and Metabolites in Adult Male Rat Brain." Endocrinology 147, no. 1 (2006): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-1065.

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Steroids in the brain arise both from local synthesis and from peripheral sources and have a variety of effects on neuronal function. However, there is little direct chemical evidence for the range of steroids present in brain or of the pathways for their synthesis and inactivation. This information is a prerequisite for understanding the regulation and function of brain steroids. After extraction from adult male rat brain, we have fractionated free steroids and their sulfate esters and then converted them to heptafluorobutyrate or methyloxime-trimethylsilyl ether derivatives for unequivocal i

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11

Ivanchina, Natalia V., Vladimir I. Gorbach, Anatoly I. Kalinovsky, et al. "Synthesis of Deuterium-Labeled Steroid 3,6-Diols." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 9 (2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200908.

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A facile synthesis of a set of deuterium-labeled steroid 3,6-diols with different steroid A/B ring fusion, unsaturations, and configurations of hydroxyl groups at C-3 and C-6 is described. Reduction and deuteration, based on deuterium-exchange of the obtained the cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione from cholesterol using sodium borodeuteride and deuterium water, were used. The obtained steroid diols are intended to be used as precursors in the studies on biosynthesis of some marine polar steroids.

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12

Denham, Bryan E. "The Third Time Is a Charm: News Media, Policy Dynamics, and the Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act." International Journal of Sport Communication 10, no. 2 (2017): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2017-0017.

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Designer steroids contain chemical structures “derived from, or substantially similar to” anabolic steroids, which became Schedule III controlled substances in the United States in 1990. Chemists create designer steroids by reverse engineering existing drugs, altering their chemical structures, and creating new compounds. Seeking to help curtail problems with steroid-spiked dietary supplements, the Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014 classified 25 designer steroids, many contained in supplements, as controlled substances. Previous versions of the 2014 legislation, introduced in 2010

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13

Fish, Lisa, Linn Goldberg, and Daniel Spratt. "Supplements, Steroid Precursors and Adolescent Health." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 90, no. 9 (2005): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.90.9.9996.

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14

Tennant, Bryn. "Small Animal Review." Companion Animal 24, no. 9 (2019): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2019.0042.

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Summary: Precursor-targeted immune-mediated anaemia, also known as steroid responsive anaemia, is a non-regenerative anaemia that involves destruction of erythroid precursors by the immune-system. Treatment requires long-term immunosuppressive therapy, often over many months.

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15

Giton, Frank, Séverine Trabado, Luigi Maione, et al. "Sex Steroids, Precursors, and Metabolite Deficiencies in Men With Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Panhypopituitarism: A GCMS-Based Comparative Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 2 (2015): E292—E296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-2658.

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Abstract Context: Both testicular and adrenal steroid secretions are impaired in men with panhypopituitarism (Hypo-Pit), whereas only testicular steroid secretion is impaired in men with isolated gonadotropin deficiency (IHH) caused by normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism or Kallmann syndrome. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the serum levels of sex steroids, precursors, and metabolites between men with complete IHH and those with Hypo-Pit. Patients: We studied 42 healthy men, 16 untreated men with IHH (normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism/Kallma

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16

Gröndal, Staffan, Barbro Eriksson, Lars Hagenäs, Sigbritt Werner, and Tore Curstedt. "Steroid profile in urine: a useful tool in the diagnosis and follow up of adrenocortical carcinoma." Acta Endocrinologica 122, no. 5 (1990): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1220656.

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Abstract. The urinary steroid profile was determined in 24 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Seventeen of the patients had Cushing's syndrome, virilization or feminization, and 7 had no signs of endocrine disease. Seven of the 11 patients still alive are free of disease, after a follow-up period of 5-75 months. The steroid profile varied widely between the patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Patients with Cushing's syndrome had increased levels of cortisol metabolites and those with virilism had raised excretion of androgen metabolites. Six of the patients with adrenocortical carcino

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17

Scott, Daniel M., Andrew T. McPhail, and Ned A. Porter. "Free radical macrocyclizations from steroid-derived precursors." Journal of Organic Chemistry 58, no. 5 (1993): 1178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00057a034.

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18

Stener-Victorin, Elisabet, Göran Holm, Fernand Labrie, Lars Nilsson, Per Olof Janson, and Claes Ohlsson. "Are There Any Sensitive and Specific Sex Steroid Markers for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?" Endocrine Reviews 31, no. 1 (2010): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/edrv.31.1.9990.

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ABSTRACT Context Despite the high prevalence of hyperandrogenemia, the principal biochemical abnormality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a definitive endocrine marker for PCOS has so far not been identified. Objective To identify a tentative diagnostic marker for PCOS, we compared serum levels of sex steroids, their precursors, and main metabolites in women with PCOS and controls. Design and Methods In this cross-sectional study of 74 women with PCOS and 31 controls, we used gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to analyze serum sex steroid precursors, estrogens, andr

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19

Taylor, David R., Lea Ghataore, Lewis Couchman, et al. "A 13-Steroid Serum Panel Based on LC-MS/MS: Use in Detection of Adrenocortical Carcinoma." Clinical Chemistry 63, no. 12 (2017): 1836–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2017.277624.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy, with an annual incidence of 1 or 2 cases per million. Biochemical diagnosis is challenging because up to two-thirds of the carcinomas are biochemically silent, resulting from de facto enzyme deficiencies in steroid hormone biosynthesis. Urine steroid profiling by GC-MS is an effective diagnostic test for ACC because of its capacity to detect and quantify the increased metabolites of steroid pathway synthetic intermediates. Corresponding serum assays for most steroid pathway intermediates are usually unavailable because of

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20

Manna, Sukumar, Pendri Yadagiri, and J. R. Falck. "Terpenoid precursors via steroid degradation: synthesis of (–)-warburganal." J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., no. 17 (1987): 1324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39870001324.

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21

Sabharwal, Navin, and Nima Sharifi. "HSD3B1 Genotypes Conferring Adrenal-Restrictive and Adrenal-Permissive Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer and Beyond." Endocrinology 160, no. 9 (2019): 2180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00366.

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Abstract Castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) almost invariably occurs after androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic disease and is driven in part by androgen synthesis within the tumor. 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 catalyzes the conversion of adrenal precursor steroids into potent androgens essential for PCa progression. A common 1245 A→C missense-encoding single nucleotide polymorphism in HSD3B1 (rs1047303), the gene that encodes this enzyme, leads to a more stable protein that is resistant to degradation and thus increased production of potent androgens from adrenal

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22

Burckhardt, Marie-Anne, Sameer S. Udhane, Nesa Marti та ін. "Human 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency seems to affect fertility but may not harbor a tumor risk: lesson from an experiment of nature". European Journal of Endocrinology 173, № 5 (2015): K1—K12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-15-0599.

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Context3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency (3βHSD) is a rare disorder of sexual development and steroidogenesis. There are two isozymes of 3βHSD,HSD3B1andHSD3B2. Human mutations are known for theHSD3B2gene which is expressed in the gonads and the adrenals. Little is known about testis histology, fertility and malignancy risk.ObjectiveTo describe the molecular genetics, the steroid biochemistry, the (immuno-)histochemistry and the clinical implications of a loss-of-functionHSD3B2mutation.MethodsBiochemical, genetic and immunohistochemical investigations on human biomaterials.ResultsA 46,

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Mezzullo, Marco, Guido Di Dalmazi, Alessia Fazzini, et al. "Impact of age, body weight and metabolic risk factors on steroid reference intervals in men." European Journal of Endocrinology 182, no. 5 (2020): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-19-0928.

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Objective To evaluate the independent impact of age, obesity and metabolic risk factors on 13 circulating steroid levels; to generate reference intervals for adult men. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Three hundred and fifteen adults, drug-free and apparently healthy men underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation. Thirteen steroids were measured by LC-MS/MS and compared among men with increasing BMI. Moreover, the independent impact of age, BMI and metabolic parameters on steroid levels was estimated. Upper and lower reference limits were generated in steroid-specific reference sub-co

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Doden, Heidi L., and Jason M. Ridlon. "Microbial Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: From Alpha to Omega." Microorganisms 9, no. 3 (2021): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030469.

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Bile acids (BAs) and glucocorticoids are steroid hormones derived from cholesterol that are important signaling molecules in humans and other vertebrates. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) are encoded both by the host and by their resident gut microbiota, and they reversibly convert steroid hydroxyl groups to keto groups. Pairs of HSDHs can reversibly epimerize steroids from α-hydroxy conformations to β-hydroxy, or β-hydroxy to ω-hydroxy in the case of ω-muricholic acid. These reactions often result in products with drastically different physicochemical properties than their precursors, wh

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SCOTT, D. M., A. T. MCPHAIL, and N. A. PORTER. "ChemInform Abstract: Free Radical Macrocyclizations from Steroid-Derived Precursors." ChemInform 24, no. 23 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199323255.

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26

London, Edra, Christina Tatsi, Steven J. Soldin, et al. "Acute Statin Administration Reduces Levels of Steroid Hormone Precursors." Hormone and Metabolic Research 52, no. 10 (2020): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1099-9556.

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AbstractCholesterol-lowering statin drugs are used by approximately 25% of US adults 45 years of age and older and frequency of use is even higher among the elderly. Cholesterol provides the substrate for steroid hormone synthesis and its intracellular concentrations are tightly regulated. Our aim was to evaluate whether statin use acutely changes the circulating levels of cortisol, other glucocorticoid precursor molecules and their metabolites. Fourteen subjects not taking statins were administered a single oral dose (2 mg) of pitavastatin. Blood samples collected at baseline and 24 h post-tr

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Mezzullo, Marco, Alessandra Gambineri, Guido Di Dalmazi, et al. "Steroid reference intervals in women: influence of menopause, age and metabolism." European Journal of Endocrinology 184, no. 3 (2021): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-20-1147.

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Objective To investigate the impact of age, obesity and metabolic parameters on 13 circulating steroids in reproductive and menopausal age. To define reference intervals (RIs). Design Cross-sectional. Methods Three hundred and twenty five drug-free, healthy and eumenorrheic women were selected from the general population. Independent relationships of LC-MS/MS-determined steroid levels with age, BMI and metabolic parameters were estimated. Reference sub-cohorts were defined for calculating upper and lower limits in reproductive age, menstrual phases and menopause, and these were compared with l

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van der Geize, R., G. I. Hessels, R. van Gerwen, J. W. Vrijbloed, P. van der Meijden та L. Dijkhuizen. "Targeted Disruption of the kstD Gene Encoding a 3-Ketosteroid Δ1-Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme ofRhodococcus erythropolis Strain SQ1". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, № 5 (2000): 2029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.5.2029-2036.2000.

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ABSTRACT Microbial phytosterol degradation is accompanied by the formation of steroid pathway intermediates, which are potential precursors in the synthesis of bioactive steroids. Degradation of these steroid intermediates is initiated by Δ1-dehydrogenation of the steroid ring structure. Characterization of a 2.9-kb DNA fragment ofRhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 revealed an open reading frame (kstD) showing similarity with known 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenase genes. Heterologous expression ofkstD yielded 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenase (KSTD) activity under the control of the lac promoter inEscher

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Labrie, F., V. Luu-The, SX Lin, et al. "Intracrinology: role of the family of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in human physiology and disease." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 25, no. 1 (2000): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0250001.

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In women and men, an important proportion of estrogens and androgens are synthesized locally at their site of action in peripheral target tissues. This new field of endocrinology has been called intracrinology. In postmenopausal women, 100% of active sex steroids are synthesized in peripheral target tissues from inactive steroid precursors while, in adult men, approximately 50% of androgens are made locally in intracrine target tissues. The last and key step in the formation of all estrogens and androgens is catalyzed by members of the family of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17 beta-HS

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30

Deb, Subrata, Mei Yieng Chin, Steven Pham, et al. "Steroidogenesis in Peripheral and Transition Zones of Human Prostate Cancer Tissue." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020487.

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The peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) represent about 70% of the human prostate gland with each zone having differential ability to develop prostate cancer. Androgens and their receptor are the primary driving cause of prostate cancer growth and eventually castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). De novo steroidogenesis has been identified as a key mechanism that develops during CRPC. Currently, there is very limited information available on human prostate tissue steroidogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate steroid metabolism in human prostate cancer tis

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Paitz, Ryan T., and Rachel M. Bowden. "Biological activity of oestradiol sulphate in an oviparous amniote: implications for maternal steroid effects." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1714 (2010): 2005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2128.

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Understanding the many factors that underlie phenotypic variation is of profound importance to evolutionary biologists. The embryonic endocrine environment is one such factor that has received much attention. In placental amniotes, the dynamic interaction of maternal and embryonic steroid production and metabolism is critical to regulating the endocrine environment. Less is known about how embryos of oviparous amniotes regulate their endocrine environment because most studies have focused on relating initial steroid levels in the yolk at oviposition to offspring phenotype. We tested the hypoth

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Gibson, Douglas A., Paul A. Foster, Ioannis Simitsidellis, et al. "SULFATION PATHWAYS: A role for steroid sulphatase in intracrine regulation of endometrial decidualisation." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 61, no. 2 (2018): M57—M65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-18-0037.

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In women, establishment of pregnancy is dependent upon ‘fine-tuning’ of the endometrial microenvironment, which is mediated by terminal differentiation (decidualisation) of endometrial stromal fibroblasts (ESFs). We have demonstrated that intracrine steroid metabolism plays a key role in regulating decidualisation and is essential for time-dependent expression of key factors required for endometrial receptivity. The primary aim of the current study was to determine whether sulphated steroids can act as precursors to bioactive sex steroids during decidualisation. We used primary human ESF and a

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Zhu, XiangDong, CuiPing Pang, Yuting Cao та Dan Fan. "Biotransformation of Cholesterol and 16α,17α-Epoxypregnenolone and Isolation of Hydroxylase inBurkholderia cepaciaSE-1". BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5727631.

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The metabolism of cholesterol is critical in eukaryotes as a precursor for vitamins, steroid hormones, and bile acids. Some steroid compounds can be transformed into precursors of steroid medicine by some microorganisms. In this study, the biotransformation products of cholesterol and 16α,17α-epoxypregnenolone produced byBurkholderia cepaciaSE-1 were investigated, and a correlative enzyme, hydroxylase, was also studied. The biotransformation products, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-oxocholesterol, and 20-droxyl-16α,17α-epoxypregn-1,4-dien-3-one, were purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column

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Crossin, Glenn T., Maud Poisbleau, Laurent Demongin, et al. "Migratory constraints on yolk precursors limit yolk androgen deposition and underlie a brood reduction strategy in rockhopper penguins." Biology Letters 8, no. 6 (2012): 1055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0476.

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Hormonally mediated maternal effects link maternal phenotype and environmental conditions to offspring phenotype. The production of lipid-rich maternal yolk precursors may provide a mechanism by which lipophilic steroid hormones can be transported to developing yolks, thus predicting a positive correlation between yolk precursors in mothers and androgen levels in eggs. Using rockhopper penguins ( Eudyptes chrysocome ), which produce a two-egg clutch characterized by extreme egg-size dimorphism, reversed hatching asynchrony and brood-reduction, we examined correlations between circulating conce

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Aleman, Monica, Munashe Chigerwe, Anita Varga, and John E. Madigan. "Steroid precursors, steroids, neuroactive steroids, and neurosteroids concentrations in serum and saliva of healthy neonatal heifer Holstein calves." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 34, no. 6 (2020): 2767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15957.

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Martins-Júnior, Helio A., Fábio L. V. Pinaffi, Rosineide C. Simas, et al. "Plasma Steroid Dynamics in Late- and Near-term Naturally and Artificially Conceived Bovine Pregnancies as Elucidated by Multihormone High-resolution LC-MS/MS." Endocrinology 155, no. 12 (2014): 5011–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-2166.

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The plasma levels of corticosteroids and sex steroids during pregnancy are key indicators of mammalian placental function and the onset of parturition. Steroid hormones are believed to be disturbed in pregnancies produced using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) due to placental dysfunction and the frequently observed lack of parturition signals. To elucidate the plasma steroid dynamics, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and used to determine the levels of corticosteroids (corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, and cortisol) and their direct precursors (pr

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Hines, Jolaine M., Irina Bancos, Cristian Bancos, et al. "High-Resolution, Accurate-Mass (HRAM) Mass Spectrometry Urine Steroid Profiling in the Diagnosis of Adrenal Disorders." Clinical Chemistry 63, no. 12 (2017): 1824–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2017.271106.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Steroid profiling is a promising diagnostic tool with adrenal tumors, Cushing syndrome (CS), and disorders of steroidogenesis. Our objective was to develop a multiple-steroid assay using liquid-chromatography, high-resolution, accurate-mass mass spectrometry (HRAM LC-MS) and to validate the assay in patients with various adrenal disorders. METHODS We collected 24-h urine samples from 114 controls and 71 patients with adrenal diseases. An HRAM LC-MS method was validated for quantitative analysis of 26 steroid metabolites in hydrolyzed urine samples. Differences in steroid ex

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Dai, Charles, Yoon-Mi Chung, Eric A. Klein, and Nima Sharifi. "A dual stable isotope method by LC-MS/MS to define patterns of androgen metabolism in localized versus advanced prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.40.

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40 Background: Prior work has shown that androstenedione (AD) rather than testosterone (T) is the preferred substrate of 5α-reductase for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, patterns of metabolism in hormone-naive prostate cancer are still poorly defined. Previously, we reported on the utility of dual radioisotope labeling of steroid precursors to characterize androgen metabolism in localized prostate tissue. We now describe an alternative approach via stable isotope labeling and analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS

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Mason, Shelley S., Sean S. Kohles, Shelley R. Winn, and Randy D. Zelick. "Extrahepatic 25-Hydroxylation of Vitamin D3 in an Engineered Osteoblast Precursor Cell Line Exploring the Influence on Cellular Proliferation and Matrix Maturation during Bone Development." ISRN Biomedical Engineering 2013 (June 4, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/956362.

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Osteoblastic precursors experience distinct stages during differentiation and bone development, which include proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) maturation, and ECM mineralization. It is well known that vitamin D plays a large role in the regulation of bone mineralization and homeostasis via the endocrine system. The activation of vitamin D requires two sequential hydroxylation steps, first in the kidney and then in the liver, in order to carry out its role in calcium homeostasis. Recent research has demonstrated that human-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts can metab

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Champlin, D. T., and J. W. Truman. "Ecdysteroid coordinates optic lobe neurogenesis via a nitric oxide signaling pathway." Development 127, no. 16 (2000): 3543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.16.3543.

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Proliferation of neural precursors in the optic lobe of Manduca sexta is controlled by circulating steroids and by local production of nitric oxide (NO). Diaphorase staining, anti-NO synthase (NOS) immunocytochemistry and the NO-indicator, DAF-2, show that cells throughout the optic anlage contain NOS and produce NO. Signaling via NO inhibits proliferation in the anlage. When exposed to low levels of ecdysteroid, NO production is stimulated and proliferation ceases. When steroid levels are increased, NO production begins to decrease within 15 minutes independent of RNA or protein synthesis and

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Schuler, G., Y. Dezhkam, L. Bingsohn, et al. "Free and sulfated steroids secretion in postpubertal boars (Sus scrofa domestica)." REPRODUCTION 148, no. 3 (2014): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0193.

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Sulfated steroids have been traditionally regarded as inactive metabolites. However, they may also serve as precursors for the production of active free steroids in target cells. In this study, we used the boar as a model to study the metabolism, transport, and function of steroid sulfates due to their high production in the porcine testicular–epididymal compartment, of which the role is unknown. To characterize the secretion of free and sulfated steroids, plasma samples were collected from six postpubertal boars over 6 h every 20 min from the jugular vein. Long-term secretion profiles were al

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Reinehr, Thomas, Alexandra Kulle, Juliane Rothermel, et al. "Longitudinal analyses of the steroid metabolome in obese PCOS girls with weight loss." Endocrine Connections 6, no. 4 (2017): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-17-0051.

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Objective The underlying mechanisms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are not fully understood yet. The aim of the study was to get functional insights into the regulation of steroid hormones in PCOS by steroid metabolomics. Design This is a longitudinal study of changes of steroid hormones in 40 obese girls aged 13–16 years (50% with PCOS) participating in a 1-year lifestyle intervention. Girls with and without PCOS were matched to age, BMI and change of weight status. Methods We measured progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 17-hydroxyprogenolon, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 21-deoxycorticost

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Travers, Simon, Laetitia Martinerie, Pascal Boileau, Marc Lombès, and Eric Pussard. "Alterations of adrenal steroidomic profiles in preterm infants at birth." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 103, no. 2 (2017): F143—F151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-312457.

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ObjectivePreterm infants have relative adrenal and kidney immaturity. Recently, we linked their urine sodium loss to a hypoaldosteronism at variance with an appropriate stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system. To investigate this defective aldosterone secretion, we analyse the biosynthesis pathways of adrenal steroids in neonates according to gestational age (GA).DesignMulticentre study (Premaldo) including 152 neonates classified into three groups: group 1 (very preterm (VPT)): <33 gestational weeks (GW); group 2 (preterm (PT)): 33–36 GW and group 3 (term (T)): ≥GW.MethodSteroidomic pr

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Escobar, Julian C., and Bruce R. Carr. "The Protein Kinase A Pathway Regulates CYP17 Expression and Androgen Production in the Human Placenta." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, no. 9 (2011): 2869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0542.

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Abstract Background: Our previous work demonstrated that the human placenta expresses CYP17 and is capable of de novo production of C-19 steroids; thus, it has intrinsic capacity to generate estrogens without fetal or maternal steroid precursors. Objective: Our objective was to elucidate the regulation of CYP17 expression and androgen production in the human trophoblasts. Methods: Fresh placentas and JEG-3 cells were used for all experiments. CYP17 mRNA analysis was performed via RT-PCR, and steroid products were quantified using RIA. To assess protein kinase A (PKA) pathway involvement, a pha

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Smithson, G., W. G. Beamer, K. L. Shultz, S. W. Christianson, L. D. Shultz, and P. W. Kincade. "Increased B lymphopoiesis in genetically sex steroid-deficient hypogonadal (hpg) mice." Journal of Experimental Medicine 180, no. 2 (1994): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.180.2.717.

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Interleukin 7 (IL-7) responsive B lineage precursors were greatly expanded in genetically hypogonadal female (HPG/Bm-hpg/hpg) mice that have a secondary deficiency in gonadal steroidogenesis. Estrogen replacement in these mice resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in B cell precursors. More modest increases were documented in genetically normal mice that were surgically castrated. These findings complement other recent observations that B lymphopoiesis selectively declines in pregnant or estrogen-treated animals. Sex steroids have long been known to influence such disparate processes as bone

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Dai, Charles, Nima Sharifi, Yoon-Mi Chung, and Eric A. Klein. "Application of stable isotopic tracing in an ex-vivo system to reveal heterogeneous patterns of androgen metabolism in localized, hormone-naïve prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 6_suppl (2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.6_suppl.109.

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109 Background: The 5α-androstanedione (5α-dione) pathway is the demonstrated route through which adrenal precursor steroids bypass testosterone (T) to form dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, accessible pathways of DHT synthesis are less clear in localized, hormone-naïve prostate cancer (HNPCa), where steroidogenic enzyme expression may differ and circulating T and adrenal steroids could act as competing substrates for 5α-reductase. We employed a dual substrate, ex-vivo system with selective stable isotopic labeling of DHT precursors

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Powers, Michael E. "The Safety and Efficacy of Creatine, Ephedra, and Anabolic-Steroid Precursors." Athletic Therapy Today 9, no. 4 (2004): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.9.4.57.

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Benavent Correro, Patricia, Marta Sáenz Valls, Ana García Cano, Lucía Jiménez Mendiguchia, Esther Moreno Moreno, and Manuel Luque-Ramírez. "An unusual circulating steroid profile in a virilized postmenopausal woman." Diagnosis 5, no. 2 (2018): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dx-2018-0007.

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Abstract Background: Virilism is a female disorder in which secondary male sexual characteristics develop, caused by an excessive adrenal or ovarian androgen secretion. Case presentation: Here, we report an unusual case of an ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified (NOS), in a 68-year-old female who presented with androgenic alopecia, clitoromegaly and an increased muscle mass. Laboratory investigations revealed both ovarian and adrenal hyperandrogenism with an elevation of androgen precursors mimicking congenital adrenal hyperplasia. A left adnexal mass was confirmed by imaging te

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Secky, Lena, Martin Svoboda, Lukas Klameth, et al. "The Sulfatase Pathway for Estrogen Formation: Targets for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Hormone-Associated Tumors." Journal of Drug Delivery 2013 (February 13, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/957605.

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The extragonadal synthesis of biological active steroid hormones from their inactive precursors in target tissues is named “intracrinology.” Of particular importance for the progression of estrogen-dependent cancers is the in situ formation of the biological most active estrogen, 17beta-estradiol (E2). In cancer cells, conversion of inactive steroid hormone precursors to E2 is accomplished from inactive, sulfated estrogens in the “sulfatase pathway” and from androgens in the “aromatase pathway.” Here, we provide an overview about expression and function of enzymes of the “sulfatase pathway,” p

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Hammond, Geoffrey L., Solange Miguel-Queralt, Tamer M. Yalcinkaya, et al. "Phylogenetic Comparisons Implicate Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in “Masculinization” of the Female Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta)." Endocrinology 153, no. 3 (2012): 1435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1837.

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Exposures to sex steroids during fetal development are thought to contribute to the unique urogenital anatomy and social dominance of the female spotted hyena: overt phenotypes not shared by other hyenids (i.e. striped hyena, brown hyena, and aardwolf). Because both androgens and estrogens influence development of genitalia and behavior, and because plasma SHBG regulates their access to tissues, we compared the Shbg gene sequences, structures, and steroid-binding properties in the four extant hyenids. We found the hyenid Shbg genes (&gt;95% identical) and mature protein sequences (98% iden

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