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Journal articles on the topic 'Stilicho'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Wijnendaele, Jeroen W. P. "‘Dagli altari alla polvere.’ Alaric, Constantine III, and the downfall of Stilicho." Journal of Ancient History 6, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 260–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jah-2018-0012.

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AbstractIt has been frequently asserted that the western Roman supreme commander Stilicho’s neglect of the Transalpine provinces during the usurpation of Constantine III contributed to his eventual downfall in 408. Stilicho’s fatal flaw, in this recurring opinion, seems to have been a desire to annex eastern Illyricum for which he sought to employ Alaric. In a volte-face, he then wished to use Alaric as the leader of the western field army that was supposed to bring down Constantine. The aim of this article is to advance several notes of critique on this narrative that has had a long life in Stilichonian scholarship. Instead it will demonstrate that a) the threat of Constantine has been overestimated, b) Stilicho had no designs on annexing eastern Illyricum, c) he had a military strategy ready against Constantine that was sound and in tandem with earlier civil wars, and d) that the intended role of Alaric during this enterprise has been misunderstood. Nevertheless, Stilicho’s military strategy in 408 proved to be fundamentally corrosive towards his hitherto carefully built-up political capital. Olympius, the architect of his demise and his precise knowledge of Stilicho’s army preparations, as befitted the magister officiorium, provided the former with the perfect material to fabricate stories of Stilicho coveting a throne while neglecting the west. This set in motion the plot that ultimately brought down Stilicho.

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2

Wilczyński, Marek. "Droga na szczyt i droga w otchłań – kilka uwag o karierze Flawiusza Stilichona." Vox Patrum 69 (December 16, 2018): 681–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3281.

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The most important factors responsible for development of an impressive career of Flavius Stilicho were: his family ties with Theodosians’ dynasty, the way he reorganized the Roman army, military victories, how he drummed up senate’s support for his political aims and the balanced policy of using and stopping the barbarian tribes. Protecting emperor Honorius, cooperating simultaneously with pagan and Christian fractions in the senate, achieving military success and defending borders of the Roman Empire against barbarians raids, Stilicho de facto was reigning the state in the name of his son-in-law, Honorius. Paradoxically, the same factors contributed to the downfall of the master-in-chief in 404-408 A.D. The conflict with his wife, Serena, and his son-in-law, Honorius, the mutiny in the army called-up by the reforms of Stilicho, some disagreements with the senate caused by the case of Melania the Younger and compensation for Alaric and, at last, the invasion of barbarian tribes on Gaul in 406 A.D. destroyed the carefully built career of Flavius Stilicho. He didn’t decide to keep his high rank by triggering off a civil war, what differed him clearly from his followers, Flavius Aetius and Flavius Ricimer.

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3

Cameron, Alan. "The status of Serena and the Stilicho diptych." Journal of Roman Archaeology 29 (2016): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400072299.

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One of the best known (and best preserved) of late-antique ivories is what is generally known as the Stilicho diptych, kept in the tesoro of the cathedral at Monza. It represents a military man with a spear and shield on one panel, and, on the other, a high-ranking woman holding a flower above the head of a small boy, not more than 10 years old; he stands between them wearing a chlamys and holding the codicils of office in his left hand (fig. 1). Ever since the basic article by C. Jullian more than 130 years ago, it has been generally accepted that the only candidates who fit this description are the western magister utriusque militiae Stilicho (d. 408), his wife Serena, the niece and (according to Claudian) adoptive daughter of Theodosius I, and their son Eucherius, appointed to the office of tribunus et notarius in (probably) 395/6.

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4

Babnis, Tomasz. ""Idem aliter", czyli o dwóch opisach dyplomatycznej podróży do Persji w poezji późnego antyku (Claud. Cons. Stil.. I 51–68; Sid. Carm. II 75–88)." Collectanea Philologica, no. 24 (December 28, 2021): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-0319.24.07.

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Two Latin poets of late antiquity, Claudian and Sidonius Apollinaris, included in their verse panegyrics short descriptions of diplomatic journey to Persia. The first mentioned the mission of Stilicho himself in “Panegyric on the consulate of Stilicho” (400 AD), whereas the latter described the mission of Procopius, father of the honorand in the “Panegyric on the consulate of Anthemius” (468 AD). Since Sidonius was in many ways imitator of Claudian, these pieces show a great deal of similarity both in content and form (especially in wording). However, closer scrutiny enables us to discover some differences in the treatment of Oriental topics as well as in general attitude to the praised heroes. Such an analysis allows us an insight into the image of Iranian world created in the Roman poetry as well as the question of sources used by late Latin poets. This paper can be also treated as a small contribution to the discussion on Sidonius’ imitation of Claudian poetry.

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5

Wijnendaele, Jeroen W. P. "Stilicho, Radagaisus, and the So-Called “Battle of Faesulae” (406 CE)." Journal of Late Antiquity 9, no. 1 (2016): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jla.2016.0013.

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6

Nathan, Geoffrey. "The Ideal Male in Late Antiquity: Claudian's Example of Flavius Stilicho." Gender & History 27, no. 1 (March 14, 2015): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.12100.

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7

Babnis, Tomasz. "Eutropius as an oriental." Classica Cracoviensia 23 (August 6, 2021): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cc.23.2020.23.01.

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Eutropius, eunuch who became the consul of the Roman Empire in 399 AD under Arcadius, is a villain of Claudius Claudian’s invective In Eutropium. Argumentation in this piece is based on many negative topoi employed in the earlier Roman poetry. In doing this, the poet makes a particular use of stereotypes connected with the East, by dint of which he can attribute these features to the Eastern Roman Empire (epitomised by Eutropius) and – at the same time – to show that the right Roman virtues are fostered in the Western Roman Empire, controlled by the poet’s patron, Stilicho.

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8

Gineste, Marie-France. "Poetry, power and rhetoric at the end of the 4th C. A.D.: the nuptial poems composed by Claudian on the occasion of the marriage of the emperor Honorius and Marie." Rhetorica 22, no. 3 (January 1, 2004): 269–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2004.22.3.269.

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AbstractThis study sets about to analyse the complex relations between rhetoric and reality by examining the use of traditional material, both rhetorical and mythological, in the group of nuptial poems written by Claudian in 398 A.D., and to show across the political and religious dimensions of these poems, how the use of topoi in the representation of the present proves to be both mirror and mask of reality. One finds that, in the political domain, Claudian, in consonance with imperial ideology, holds up a lofty mirror to the court and uses rhetorical topics to hide the shadowy aspects of the situation of the western empire controlled by Stilicho; in the religious domain, the poet ignores completely the Christian aspect of this marriage, unlike certain other late authors of epthalamic works, and anchors his poetry strongly in pagan tradition.

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9

Simon, Erika. "The Diptych of the Symmachi and Nicomachi: an Interpretation: In Memoriam Wolfgang F. Volbach 1892–1988." Greece and Rome 39, no. 1 (April 1992): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500023986.

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The two ivory tablets in Paris and London, dating from late antiquity and forming parts of one diptych (Plates 1, 2), have been convincingly placed in their stylistic setting by the scholar to whom this article is dedicated. With other works in ivory from about A.D. 400 and with the Rothschild cameo, they form a ‘classicistic’ group, some manufactured in Rome, some in Milan. The cameo probably refers to the marriage in A.D. 398 of the young Emperor Honorius to Maria, daughter of Stilicho. We may assume that the diptych under consideration here also has reference to an aristocratic wedding, although its iconography is quite different. It shows not the portrait of a bridal pair, but two female figures, hitherto regarded as pagan priestesses. It is not these figures, but the tabulae ansatae at their heads that give support to the hypothesis that the diptych was made on the occasion of a marriage between the two families named on the tablets, the Symmachi and the Nicomachi. Matrimonial unions between members of the pagan aristocracy in officially Christian Rome may not only be presumed, but in the case of the Nicomachi and Symmachi may be actually shown to have happened. The following observations would seem to provide appropriate reinforcement for reference to a wedding on iconographic grounds.

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10

Pottier, Bruno. "Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace." Mélanges de l’École française de Rome. Antiquité 117, no. 1 (2005): 223–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mefr.2005.10947.

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11

Vannesse, Michaël. "L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux." Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 88, no. 1 (2010): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rbph.2010.7794.

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12

Brunel, Magali. "Stilicon de Thomas Corneille : du récit de la cruauté au plaisir galant de l'ingéniosité." Littératures classiques N° 77, no. 1 (2012): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/licla.077.0213.

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13

SIVAN, H. "Nicetas' (of Remesiana) mission and Stilicho's Illyrican ambition: notes on Paulinus of Nola Carmen XVII (Propemticon)." Revue d'Etudes Augustiniennes et Patristiques 41, no. 1 (January 1995): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rea.5.104723.

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14

De Rougemont, G. M. "Notes on some palearctic Stilicus species with special reference to Turkey (Col. Staphylinidae, Paederinae) 26th contribution to the knowledge of Styphylinidae." Revue suisse de zoologie. 95 (1988): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79669.

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15

Assing, Volker. "A revision of Panscopaeus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 61, no. 2 (November 10, 2011): 389–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.61.2.389-411.

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Nach Revision von Typen und weiterem Material umfasst die Gattung Panscopaeus Sharp, 1889 derzeit sieben Arten: P. lithocharoides (Sharp, 1874), P. yakushimanus (Ito, 1992), P. formosanus sp. n. (Taiwan), P. ndrewesi (Cameron, 1931), comb. n. (ex Medon), P. breviusculus (Kraatz, 1859), comb. n. (ex Medon), P. stilicinus (Cameron, 1931), comb. n. (ex Medon) und P. cameroni (Scheerpeltz, 1933), comb. n. (ex Medon). Die Gattung und alle Arten werden beschrieben bzw. redeskribiert und abgebildet. Die bisher den Medonina zugeordnete Gattung wird in die Subtribus Stilicina gestellt. Ihre Verbreitung beschränkt sich auf die Orientalis und die südliche Ostpaläarktis. Zwei Namen werden synonymisiert: Panscopaeus Sharp, 1889 = Medostilicus Coiffait, 1982, syn. n.; Panscopaeus lithocharoides (Sharp, 1874) = Medostilicus deharvengi Coiffait, 1982, syn. n. Für Scopaeus lithocharoides Sharp, 1874, Medon andrewesi Cameron, 1931, Lithocharis breviuscula Kraatz, 1859 und Stilicus lithocharoides Cameron, 1924 werden Lectotypen designiert. Weitere Nachweise, darunter mehrere Erstnachweise, werden gemeldet. Eine Bestimmungstabelle der Panscopaeus-Arten wird erstellt.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae, Stilicina, Medonina, Panscopaeus, Palaearctic region, Oriental region, taxonomy, new species, new synonymies, new combinations, lectotype designations, key to species, additional records.Nomenklatorische Handlungendeharvengi Coiffait, 1982 (Medostilicus), syn.nov. of Panscopaeus lithocharoides (Sharp, 1874)andrewesi (Cameron, 1931) (Panscopaeus), LT; comb.nov. hitherto Medon andrewesi Cameron, 1931breviusculus (Kraatz, 1859) (Panscopaeus), LT; comb.nov. hitherto Lithocharis breviuscula Kraatz, 1859cameroni (Scheerpeltz, 1933) (Panscopaeus), comb.nov. hitherto Medon cameroni Scheerpeltz, 1933formosanus Assing, 2011 (Panscopaeus), sp. n.lithocharoides (Sharp, 1874) (Panscopaeus), LT described as Scopaeus lithocharoidesstilicinus (Cameron, 1931) (Panscopaeus), LT; comb.nov. hitherto Medon stilicinus Cameron, 1931

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16

"Stilicho: the Vandal who saved Rome." Choice Reviews Online 48, no. 08 (April 1, 2011): 48–4634. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.48-4634.

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17

Seijo Ibáñez, Elisabet. "La barbarización del ejército y de la corte oriental: el matrimonio de Serena y Estilicón." Revista de Estudios Bizantinos, no. 2019.7 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/ebizantinos2019.7.1.

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On November 24th 380, Theodosius I celebrated his first aduentus in Constantinople and inaugurated a new period of the Roman Empire. Several women of his family arrived with him, and one of them was his adopted daughter Serena, who in 384 married Stilicho, a soldier born of a Roman woman and a Vandal. This union stands out as it was between a member of the imperial family and a man of barbarian origins (although Stilicho had Roman citizenship). The aim of this paper is to analyse the circumstances of the wedding and why Theodosius I allowed the nuptials.

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18

Moul, Victoria. "England’s Stilicho: Claudian’s Political Poetry in Early Modern England." International Journal of the Classical Tradition, May 13, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12138-019-00529-z.

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19

Scharf, Ralf. "Aufrüstung und Truppenbenennung unter Stilicho. Das Beispiel der Atecotti-Truppen." TYCHE – Contributions to Ancient History, Papyrology and Epigraphy 10, no. 01 (1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.15661/tyche.1995.010.12.

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20

Van Keymeulen, Jacques. "Latijnse leenwoorden in het Nederlands en de Nederlandse dialecten." Van Mensen en Dingen: tijdschrift voor volkscultuur in Vlaanderen 6, no. 1-2 (April 11, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vmend.v6i1-2.5209.

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Het Latijn heeft op het Nederlands een langdurige en diepgaande invloed uitgeoefend. Die beïnvloeding begon al van bij het begin van de Romeinse kolonisatie van onze streken, vanaf 57 vóór Christus. De grens van het Romeinse Rijk was eeuwenlang de Rijn. De verdediging van de Rijnlimes werd in 406 opgegeven door Stilicho; de legioenen waren nodig om Italië te verdedigen. Ten zuiden van de Rijn was de bevolking geheel of gedeeltelijk geromaniseerd in de loop van de 4 eeuwen die de Romeinse periode geduurd had.

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21

Flores Militello, Vicente. "Ikonographische Strategien Claudians." Mnemosyne, January 6, 2022, 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-bja10095.

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Abstract This article focuses on the particular ways in which Claudian portrays the epic hunting episode in his Stil. 3. In addition to the poetic models that he re-elaborates, he takes up an iconographic language with which his public, the Roman élite, was very well acquainted: it is the same iconography that can be observed in the hunting mosaics of Dermech and Hippona—and above all in the Grande Caccia of Piazza Armerina. In both Claud. Stil. 3 and the mosaics, we encounter a hunt, or rather a collection of animals which takes place mainly in North Africa in preparation for the games in the Roman harena. Both the hunting episode in Claudian’s poem and the scenes of hunting in the mosaics point to the liberalitas or economical-political power, or even virtus, which the owners of the villas, or Stilicho himself, claimed for themselves. This clearly builds on a ‘language’ that the contemporary élite (4th century CE) appreciated and that Claudian exploited with great success.

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