Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stille coupling reactions

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Stille coupling reactions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Stille coupling reactions"

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Pires, Marina, Sara Purificação, A. Santos, and M. Marques. "The Role of PEG on Pd- and Cu-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions." Synthesis 49, no. 11 (2017): 2337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1589498.

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Carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom coupling reactions are among the most important transformations in organic synthesis as they enable complex structures to be formed from readily available compounds under different routes and conditions. Several metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have been developed creating many efficient methods accessible for the direct formation of new bonds between differently hybridized carbon atoms.During the last decade, much effort has been devoted towards improvement of the sustainability of these reactions, such as catalyst recovery and atom efficiency. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be used as a medium, as solid-liquid phase transfer catalyst, or even as a polymer support. PEG has been investigated in a wide variety of cross-coupling reactions either as an alternative solvent to the common organic solvents or as a support for catalyst, substrate, and ligand. In this review we will summarize the different roles of PEG in palladium- and copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, with the focus on Heck, Suzuki–Miyaura, Sonogashira, Buchwald–Hartwig, Stille, Fukuyama, and homocoupling reactions. We will highlight the role of PEG, the preparation of PEGylated catalysts and substrates, and the importance for the reaction outcome and applicability.1 Introduction2 PEG in Heck Reactions3 PEG in Homocoupling Reactions4 PEG in Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions5 PEG in Sonogashira Reactions6 PEG in Buchwald–Hartwig Reactions7 PEG in Stille Reactions8 PEG in Fukuyama Reactions9 PEG in Miscellaneous Cross-Coupling Routes10 Conclusions
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Pattenden, Gerald, and Davey Stoker. "Stille Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Vinylcyclopropylstannanes." Synlett 2009, no. 11 (2009): 1800–1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1217327.

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Huang, Hongyan, Guanyuan Jiao, Shuli Liu, et al. "Unprecedented side reactions in Stille coupling: desired ones for Stille polycondensation." Chemical Communications 51, no. 87 (2015): 15846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc05404d.

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Clapham, Bruce, and Andrew J. Sutherland. "Stille Coupling Reactions of 4-Substituted-2,5-Diphenyloxazoles†." Journal of Organic Chemistry 66, no. 26 (2001): 9033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo0107150.

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Hrizi, Asma, Manon Cailler, Moufida Romdhani-Younes, Yvan Carcenac, and Jérôme Thibonnet. "Synthesis of New Highly Functionalized 1H-Indole-2-carbonitriles via Cross-Coupling Reactions." Molecules 26, no. 17 (2021): 5287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175287.

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An approach for the preparation of polysubstituted indole-2-carbonitriles through a cross-coupling reaction of compounds 1-(but-2-ynyl)-1H-indole-2-carbonitriles and 1-benzyl-3-iodo-1H-indole-2-carbonitriles is described. The reactivity of indole derivatives with iodine at position 3 was studied using cross-coupling reactions. The Sonogashira, Suzuki–Miyaura, Stille and Heck cross-couplings afforded a variety of di-, tri- and tetra-substituted indole-2-carbonitriles.
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Quayle, Peter, Jingyang Wang, Jie Xu, and Christopher J. Urch. "Stereoselective Stille coupling reactions of 1,1-bis(trialkylstannyl)ethenes." Tetrahedron Letters 39, no. 5-6 (1998): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10583-4.

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Larhed, Mats, Masahide Hoshino, Sabine Hadida, Dennis P. Curran, and Anders Hallberg. "Rapid Fluorous Stille Coupling Reactions Conducted under Microwave Irradiation." Journal of Organic Chemistry 62, no. 16 (1997): 5583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo970362y.

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Fürstner, Alois, Jacques-Alexis Funel, Martin Tremblay, et al. "A versatile protocol for Stille–Migita cross coupling reactions." Chemical Communications, no. 25 (2008): 2873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b805299a.

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Thiele, Christina M., and Terence N. Mitchell. "Short communication: Stille coupling reactions of functionalized triorganotin halides." Applied Organometallic Chemistry 18, no. 2 (2004): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.585.

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Larson, Gerald. "Some Aspects of the Chemistry of Alkynylsilanes." Synthesis 50, no. 13 (2018): 2433–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591979.

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In amongst the considerable chemistry of acetylenes there lies some unique chemistry of alkynylsilanes (silylacetylenes) some of which is reviewed herein. This unique character is exemplified not only in the silyl protection of the terminal C–H of acetylenes, but also in the ability of the silyl group to be converted into other functionalities after reaction of the alkynylsilane and to its ability to dictate and improve the regioselectivity of reactions at the triple bond. This, when combined with the possible subsequent transformations of the silyl group, makes their chemistry highly versatile and useful.1 Introduction2 Safety3 Synthesis4 Protiodesilylation5 Sonogashira Reactions6 Cross-Coupling with the C–Si Bond7 Stille Cross-Coupling8 Reactions at the Terminal Carbon9 Cross-Coupling with Silylethynylmagnesium Bromides10 Reactions of Haloethynylsilanes11 Cycloaddition Reactions11.1 Formation of Aromatic Rings11.2 Diels–Alder Cyclizations11.3 Formation of Heterocycles11.4 Formation of 1,2,3-Triazines11.5 [2+3] Cycloadditions11.6 Other Cycloadditions12 Additions to the C≡C Bond13 Reactions at the C–Si Bond14 Miscellaneous Reactions
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stille coupling reactions"

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Chamoin, Sylvie. "Aryl-aryl Stille and Suzuzi-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions on solid support." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0022/NQ51184.pdf.

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Muscroft-Taylor, Andrew Clive. "Investigations of the type ii intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction directed toward natural product synthesis." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1290.

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This thesis describes synthetic studies directed towards the total synthesis of the nakafuran and florlide marine natural products. Chapter One provides an overview of the importance of natural products to current medicinal chemistry and describes how the "supply issue" associated with these biologically derived compounds can be resolved through the process of total synthesis. Two families of marine natural products, the nakafurans and the florlides, are introduced as synthetic targets and strategies utilising a type II intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction to achieve their total synthesis are delineated. The efficient preparation of regio- and stereodefined vinyl coupling fragments via hydrostannylation and hydrohalogenation methodology is described in Chapter Two. The palladium-catalysed cross-coupling of these fragments, via Stille or Negishi coupling methodology, yielded dienes which were successfully advanced to IMDA triene precursors. Chapter Three describes investigation of the type II IMDA reaction to give bicyclo[4.3.1]decene carbocyclic skeletons. A facile acid-catalysed 6,7-alkene to 7,8-alkene olefinic isomerisation, via a proposed oxonium intermediate, and the inability to appropriately functionalise the desired adducts impeded progress along the synthetic route. Molecular modelling was conducted to investigate the causes of this unexpected reactivity. Investigations in Chapter Four describe the successful synthesis and cyclisation of homomethyl triene analogues prepared via application of enyne metathesis chemistry. The use of an exo-cyclopropylcarbinyl fragmentation was found to be unsuccessful as a means of installing the desired 6-methyl-bicyclo[4.3.1]decan-2-one core with a competing endo-ring expansion giving rise to a bicyclo[4.4.1]undecane ring system. Chapter 5 summarises the above results and gives a brief discussion of the future potential of this research to provide for a total synthesis of the nakafuran and florlide natural products.
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Nguyen, Thi Minh Ngoc. "Stille Coupling Reactions Involving α-Alkoxybenzylstannanes". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3453.

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The Stille reaction has established itself as one of the two most general and most selective palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, along with the Suzuki cross-coupling of organoboron compounds. The Stille coupling of α-alkoxystannanes is a relatively unexplored area. A previous study showed that an α-alkoxyalkylstannane could be coupled with benzoyl chloride with retention of configuration. However, our group has recently shown that Stille couplings of sulfonamidobenzylstannanes proceeds with inversion of configuration. In order to determine whether the Stille coupling reaction of α-alkoxybenzylstannanes proceeds with inversion or retention, the stereochemistry in the Stille reaction of α-alkoxybenzylstannanes was studied. Optimized conditions for Stille coupling of α-alkoxybenzyl-tributylstannanes with benzoyl chloride were developed: highest yields were observed using Pd2dba3 and PPh3 in toluene. Enantiomerically enriched α-hydroxystannanes were obtained via chromatographic resolution of diastereomeric carbamate derivatives. An X-ray crystal structure was obtained for the 3,5-dinitrobenzoate derivative of (S)-1-hydroxyphenylmethyl-trimethylstannane. Stille coupling (cat. Pd2dba3, PPh3, toluene) of the corresponding acetate with benzoyl chloride provided the acetate of (R)-benzoin thus establishing retention of configuration under these reaction conditions.
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Chang, Fen-Ping, and 張芬萍. "Recyclable Palladium Bipyridyl Complexes Catalyzed Stille Coupling Reaction." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v6g84w.

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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>有機高分子研究所<br>95<br>ABSTRACT Title：Recyclable Palladium Bipyridyl Complexes Catalyzed Stlle Coupling Reaction School：National Taipei University of Technology Pages：108 Department：Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials Time：July, 2007 Degree：Master Researcher：Fen-Ping Chang Advisor：Fu-Yu Tsai Keywords : mesoporous material, palladium complex, recyclable catalyst, Stille coupling The palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of organotin compounds with aryl halides has appeared as one of the most significant methods for the catalytic carbon-carbon bond formation. Therefore, we developed solid-phase and aguoues-phase of palladium (II) bipyridyl complexes catalysis as efficient and recyclable catalysts for the Stille coupling. This thesis is collected of two parts. In the first part, we choose mesporous silica materials as support. The nano-sized mosoporous silica (NS- MCM-41) with worm- hole-like mesostructure was prepared for the grafting of palladium bipyridyl complexes inside the channels. This NS-MCM-41-Pd has uniform pore size ( 2.3 nm ) and high surface area ( 588 m2/g ) . The strong covalent bond between NS- MCM-41 and Palladium complex allows the recovery and recycling of the supported catalysts at least for ten cycles. Atomic absorption analysis of the reaction solutions shows that there is only less 0.3 ppm of Pd leaching into the solutions. In the second part, we develop a novel water-soluble cationic 2,2’- bipyridyl palladium (II) complex to play as a recyclable and extremely active catalyst for Stille reaction in water and air. Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are usually carried out in organic solvent under inert gas conditions due to the instability of the catalysts. The replacement of expensive, toxic, and combustible organic solvents by water is highly attractive for decreasing costs and pollution. A variety of aryl halides were coupled with organotin compounds efficiently to afford the corresponding cross-coupling products in moderate to excellent yields. The turnover numbers was up to 172,000 for the Stille coupling reaction in water.
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Book chapters on the topic "Stille coupling reactions"

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Li, Jie Jack. "Stille coupling." In Name Reactions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04835-1_276.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Stille coupling." In Name Reactions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01053-8_246.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Stille coupling." In Name Reactions. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03979-4_264.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Stille coupling." In Name Reactions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05336-2_288.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Stille Coupling." In Name Reactions. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50865-4_145.

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Banerjee, Abhinandan, and Robert W. J. Scott. "Nanocatalysts for Hiyama, Stille, Kumada, and Negishi C-C Coupling Reactions." In Nanocatalysis Synthesis and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118609811.ch5.

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Abe, M., and T. Yamamoto. "Stille Coupling Reactions." In Monocyclic Arenes, Quasiarenes, and Annulenes. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-045-00587.

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Milata, V., S. Rádl, and S. Voltrová. "Stille Coupling Reactions." In X-Ene-X (X=F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, Se, Te, N, P), Ene-Hal, and Ene-O Compounds. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-032-00714.

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Sato, N. "Stille Cross-Coupling Reaction and Related Reactions." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-116-00480.

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Schatz, J., and M. Seler. "Palladium-Catalyzed Stille Cross-Coupling Reactions." In Fully Unsaturated Small-Ring Heterocycles and Monocyclic Five-Membered Hetarenes with One Heteroatom. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-109-00263.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stille coupling reactions"

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Levashov, Andrey, Dmitriy Buriy, Valeriy Konshin, and Alexey Andreev (deceased). "Stille-type cross coupling reactions with tetraalkynyl stannanes." In The 20th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-20-a060.

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Habonimana, Pascal, Sven Claessens, and Norbert De Kimpe. "The Use of the Stille Cross-Coupling Reaction in the Prenylation of Naphthoquinones." In The 9th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. MDPI, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-9-01485.

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Cartellier, Alain. "Strong Coupling in Laminar Bubbly Flows and Related Modeling Issues." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31383.

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Systems involving swarms of bubbles in an otherwise laminar continuous phase are common in industrial processes. In some cases, the gas is injected to ensure a given chemical reaction (bubble columns in oil industry) or to sustain a biochemical process (aeration tanks in waste water treatment plants). Gas inclusions can also appear due to the reaction itself (electrolysis cells, anaerobic digestion). In others circumstances, the gas phase is chemically passive and it is introduced mainly to favor mixing and/or separation (flotation devices). In these processes, it is desirable to access parameters such as the pressure drop, the mean void fraction, the bubble size distributions. In addition, their optimum functioning often depends on the transverse distribution of phasic quantities. Even if break-up/coalescence mechanisms are discarded, it happens that refined descriptions of such laminar dispersed flows has not yet reached a truly predictive status. On one hand, the Reynolds stresses reduce to the so-called bubble-induced agitation (or pseudo-turbulence) so that the interactions between inclusions and shear-induced turbulence need not to be accounted for. Yet, another complexity emerges because of strong and non-trivial couplings between phases. In particular, bubble-bubble interactions have a crucial effect on the induced agitation and consequently on the phase distribution. How to properly account for these interactions in an average description is still a matter of controversy. This presentation will highlight the importance of coupling mechanisms arising in laminar bubbly flows. Available experiments will be presented that illustrate the variety of phase organizations observed in stable Poiseuille bubbly flows [1–8]. It will be shown that some characteristics such as the mean void fraction and the wall shear stress are accessible through simplified models based on axial momentum balances [9,10]. On another hand, predictions of the phase distribution require solving transverse mechanical equilibria: the later are sensitive to many parameters, and in addition, they involve various coupling modes between phases. To overcome the corresponding modeling difficulties, a hybrid model has been developed in the spirit of approaches combining kinetic theory and classical continuum mechanics [see for example 11–13]. Compared with classical Eulerian two-fluid model, this framework provides, at least in the limit of dilute systems, a mean to derive closure laws [14–17]. These improvements will be illustrated for the interfacial momentum exchanges and the extra deformation tensor. In particular, the behavior of these coupling terms near walls will be shown to have important consequences on the phase distribution by the mediation of the continuous phase velocity profile. Concerning dispersion mechanisms, experimental information available on the bubble-induced agitation and on the dispersed phase microstructure in uniform flows will be summarized [18–20]. These observations will be connected with some characteristic features of the equations governing the perturbed liquid velocity field and the pair density distribution, and derived in the framework of the hybrid model. For finite particulate Reynolds numbers, estimates of the agitation tensors will be shown to be feasible using numerical simulations of two-body interactions [17]. Finally, the relevance of local closures for the induced-agitation for predicting phase distributions in confined systems will be debated, and the corresponding modeling issues will be underlined.
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Chen, Lu, and Francine Battaglia. "Computational Study Comparing Reduced Chemical Mechanisms With the PDF Method in Non-Premixed Flames." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7543.

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Reactive flow simulations involving turbulence-chemistry interactions can be very challenging because of the strong non-linear coupling between chemistry and fluid dynamics. Furthermore, the chemistry is described with hundreds of reactions, which is prohibitive to solve using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Using a reduced set of mechanisms that contains a subset of the important species is more practical. However, the species modeled must capture the key combustion characteristics of interest, such as ignition, species distributions and major pollutant formation. Previously, the authors used the joint probability density function (PDF) to study the non-premixed turbulent flames, and continue the work here. New CFD simulations were conducted for a non-premixed turbulent syngas flame using four reduced mechanisms models (3-step, 8-step, 9-step and 12-step reactions) to assess the predictive capabilities in the calculation of turbulence-chemistry interactions. The performance of the different reduced mechanism models was assessed and compared with previous PDF model results and the experimental results of Correa and Gulati (1992, “Measurements and Modeling of a Bluff Body Stabilized Flame,” Combustion and Flame, 89(2)). The predictions of temperature and species from the reduced mechanisms of the 3-step and 8-step were found to have differences as large as 20%. It was also found that the reduced 12-step mechanism was able to represent the strong turbulence-chemistry interactions in the syngas flame and demonstrated good ability of predicting species distribution. Therefore, a simplified chemical mechanism model was successfully developed to simulate the non-premixed syngas flame. The 12-step reduced mechanism will guide other reduced mechanism models for syngas fuels. However, the PDF method still gives the best predictions of temperature and requires the smallest computational time.
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Jacobsen, Katja, and Gu¨nther F. Clauss. "Time-Domain Simulations of Multi-Body Systems in Deterministic Wave Trains." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92348.

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A growing amount of reports on heavy lift operations involving huge crane vessels prove that investigations on the motion behavior of multi-body systems are vital regarding the combined aspects of safety and economics. In this paper a method of transforming frequency-domain into time-domain results is presented. With the panel program WAMIT (WAMIT Inc.) the Response Amplitude Operators (RAO) of the motions in six degrees of freedom of the structures involved in a lift operation are calculated. The multi-bodies RAOs differ significantly from those of the single structures (without interaction effects). The consideration of hydrodynamic coupling is therefore essential for the prediction of accurate relative motions between the structures. Frequency-domain results are still important when determining operational limitations. But only with simulations in time-domain the relation between cause and reaction can be studied in detail. Results from simulations provide for example decision support for finding uncritical starting points of the lift off operation. By Fouriertransforming the RAOs the impulse-response functions are obtained. Having the impulse-response function the time-dependent system responses in arbitrary deterministic wave registrations are determined by convolution. This method allows fast and effective time-domain simulations of multi-body systems. Results are presented for a crane semisubmersible and a conventional transport barge. The influence, particularly the sensitivity of wave height and wave length on the response is shown in wave packets.
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Griffiths, Terry, and Wenwen Shen. "Further Development and Benchmarking of a Novel Pipe-Soil Interaction Model for Subsea Pipeline Design." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10621.

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For well over a decade it has been widely recognised that our existing models and tools for subsea pipeline stability design fail to account for the fact that seabed soils tend to become mobile well before the onset of pipeline instability. Despite ample evidence obtained from both laboratory and field observations that sediment mobility has a key role to play in understanding pipeline/soil interaction, no models have been presented previously which account for the tripartite interaction between the fluid and the pipe, the fluid and the soil, and the pipe and the soil. This paper presents further development of a novel non-cohesive pipe-soil interaction algorithm which has been developed to enable modelling of pipe-soil-fluid interaction and offer a more realistic representation of the evolution of soil profiles around the pipeline compared to existing hysteresis friction spring approaches. The paper describes the methods applied to discretisation of the soil profile and interpolation between timesteps to conserve soil volume. The approach used to deform the seabed profile to account for pipe movement and predict pipeline / soil reaction forces enable the model to be benchmarked against the Verley model [12]. The model has been specifically developed to minimise computational cost compared to computationally intensive CEL continuum soil FEA approaches [6,14], but still enable the profile of the soil around the pipe to be established. This model has application to modelling of sediment transport and scour [4]. It may also offer advantages in the modelling of globally buckling pipelines where differing levels of embedment and support at buckle shoulders versus the apex of the buckle are not well handled by existing approaches. The model may also assist where existing, generally applied approaches are also not well developed to capture coupling of behaviour in axial and lateral resistances.
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Wang, Gaofeng, Dimitrios Papadogiannis, Florent Duchaine, Nicolas Gourdain, and Laurent Y. M. Gicquel. "Towards Massively Parallel Large Eddy Simulation of Turbine Stages." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94852.

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The context of integrated numerical simulations of gas turbine engines by use of high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) tools recently emerged as a promising path to improve engines design and understanding. Relying on massively parallel super-computing such propositions still have to prove feasibility to efficiently take advantage of the ever increasing computing power made available worldwide. Although Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has recently proven its superiority in the context of the combustion chamber of gas turbine, methodologies need to be developed and start addressing the problem of the turbomachinery stages, if integrated simulations based on LES are to be foreseen. In the proposed work an in-house code and strategy, called TurboAVBP, is developed for turbomachinery LES thanks to the coupling of multi-copies of the unstructured compressible reacting LES solver AVBP, designed to run efficiently on high performance massively parallel architectures. Aside from the specificity of such wall bounded flows, rotor/stator LES type simulations require specific attention and the interface should not interfere with the numeric scheme to preserve proper representation of the unsteady physics crossing this interface. A tentative LES compliant solution based on moving overset grids method is proposed and evaluated in this work for high-fidelity simulation of the rotor/stator interactions. Simple test cases of increasing difficulty with reference numerical are detailed and prove the solution in handling acoustics, vortices and turbulence. The approach is then applied to the QinetiQ MT1 high-pressure transonic turbine for comparison with experimental data. Two configurations are computed: the first one is composed of 1 scaled stator section and 2 rotors while the second computation considers the geometrically accurate periodic quarter of the machine, i.e. 8 stators and 15 rotors to test scalability issues of such applications. Although under-resolved, the LES pressure profiles on the stator and rotor blades appear to be in good agreement with experimental data and are quite competitive compared to the traditional (Unsteady) Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS or URANS) modeling approach. Unsteady features inherently present in these LES underline the complexity of the flow in a turbine stage and clearly demand additional diagnostics to be properly validated.
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