Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stimulas control / Books
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Stimulas control.

Books on the topic 'Stimulas control'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 books for your research on the topic 'Stimulas control.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse books on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Moxon, Peter D. Complex stimulus control by emergent stimulus relations: Implications for functional equivalence. [S.l: The author], 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Bakich, Kathy. HIPAA amendments in the stimulus law: A guide for employers. Washington, DC: Thompson Pub. Group, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bakich, Kathy. HIPAA amendments in the stimulus law: A guide for employers. Washington, DC: Thompson Pub. Group, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

De Cal, Antonieta, Paloma Melgarejo, and Naresh Magan, eds. How Research Can Stimulate the Development of Commercial Biological Control Against Plant Diseases. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53238-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

United States. Drug Enforcement Administration. Stimulant abuse by school age children: A guide for school officials. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Sahley, Billie Jay. GABA: The anxiety amino acid. San Antonio, Tex: Pain & Stress Center, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

M, Birkner Katherine, ed. GABA: The anxiety amino acid. 2nd ed. San Antonio, Tex: Pain & Stress Publications, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Sahley, Billie Jay. GABA: The anxiety amino acid. 3rd ed. San Antonio, Tex: Pain & Stress Publications, 2003.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Engs, Ruth C. Alcohol and other drugs: Self-responsibility. Bloomington, Ind: Tichenor Pub., 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Honig, Werner K., W. K. Honig, and J. Gregor Fetterman. Cognitive Aspects of Stimulus Control. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Honig, Werner K., W. K. Honig, and J. Gregor Fetterman. Cognitive Aspects of Stimulus Control. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

K, Honig Werner, and Fetterman J. Gregor, eds. Cognitive aspects of stimulus control. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Honig, W. K., and J. Gregor Fetterman, eds. Cognitive Aspects of Stimulus Control. Psychology Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315789101.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Honig, Werner K., W. K. Honig, and J. Gregor Fetterman. Cognitive Aspects of Stimulus Control. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Beninger, Richard J. Dopamine and the elements of incentive learning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0003.

Full text
Abstract:
Dopamine and the elements of incentive learning explains how, in lever pressing for food tasks, incentive learning produces a gradient of attractiveness of environment stimuli: during magazine training, food activates dopaminergic neurons and the click and food cup become conditioned incentive stimuli, acquiring the ability to elicit approach and other responses; during lever-press training, the click activates dopaminergic neurons and the lever and lever-related stimuli become conditioned incentive stimuli. In conditioned place preference, amphetamine enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission and stimuli paired with amphetamine become conditioned incentive stimuli. In conditioned activity experiments, test-box stimuli paired with a dopamine-enhancer, e.g., cocaine, produce greater activity revealing incentive learning. In conditioned avoidance, the offset of an aversive warning stimulus putatively activates dopaminergic neurons leading safety-related stimuli to become conditioned incentive stimuli. If trained animals are treated with a dopamine receptor blocker, the initially intact ability of conditioned incentive stimuli to control responding declines over trials.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Ann-Christine Albertsson,Akihiro Abe,H. Benoit. Wax Crystal Control - Nanocomposites - Stimuli-Responsive Polymers. Springer, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

S, Aoshima, ed. Wax crystal control, nanocomposites, stimuli-responsive polymers. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Richter, D., Gert Heinrich, L. J. Fetters, Sadahito Aoshima, Francis Reny Costa, Shokyoku Kanaoka, Aurel Radulescu, Marina Saphiannikova, and Udo Wagenknecht. Wax Crystal Control - Nanocomposites - Stimuli-Responsive Polymers. Springer, 2010.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Wax Crystal Control · Nanocomposites · Stimuli-Responsive Polymers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75500-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Gutierrez, Anibal. Manipulating establishing operations to test for stimulus control during mand training. 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Lavie, Nilli, and Polly Dalton. Load Theory of Attention and Cognitive Control. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.003.

Full text
Abstract:
Research has highlighted a puzzling discrepancy in our selective attention performance: whereas in some circumstances we are able to be highly selective, at other times we can exhibit high levels of distraction. The load theory of attention and cognitive control provides an explanation for these contrasting observations, proposing that the extent to which people can focus their attention in the face of irrelevant distractions depends on the level and type of information load involved in their current task. According to the theory, the extent to which unattended visual information is perceived depends on the perceptual load of the attended task, such that increasing the level of perceptual load in the task decreases processing of task-irrelevant stimuli. Effective prioritization of task-relevant stimuli in the face of competition from irrelevant distractors is proposed to depend on the availability of executive control functions. Thus, loading executive control results in increased processing of irrelevant stimuli. This chapter presents converging research from a wide range of approaches in support of these proposals, as well as highlighting some of load theory’s wider influences in areas as diverse as emotion processing, developmental psychology, and the understanding of psychological disorders.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Carrier, Neil C. M. Kenyan Khat: The Social Life of a Stimulant. BRILL, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Ducharme, Joseph Michael *. Mediator training: the role of stimulus control variables in the generalization of staff programming skills. 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Turner, Josephine. Heterogeneous polyelectrolyte gel membranes: Effect of morphology on stimuli-responsive permeation control. 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Clark, Kelsey L., Behrad Noudoost, Robert J. Schafer, and Tirin Moore. Neuronal Mechanisms of Attentional Control. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.010.

Full text
Abstract:
Covert spatial attention prioritizes the processing of stimuli at a given peripheral location, away from the direction of gaze, and selectively enhances visual discrimination, speed of processing, contrast sensitivity, and spatial resolution at the attended location. While correlates of this type of attention, which are believed to underlie perceptual benefits, have been found in a variety of visual cortical areas, more recent observations suggest that these effects may originate from frontal and parietal areas. Evidence for a causal role in attention is especially robust for the Frontal Eye Field, an oculomotor area within the prefrontal cortex. FEF firing rates have been shown to reflect the location of voluntarily deployed covert attention in a variety of tasks, and these changes in firing rate precede those observed in extrastriate cortex. In addition, manipulation of FEF activity—whether via electrical microstimulation, pharmacologically, or operant conditioning—can produce attention-like effects on behaviour and can modulate neural signals within posterior visual areas. We review this evidence and discuss the role of the FEF in visual spatial attention.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Kenyan Khat: The Social Life of a Stimulant (African Social Studies Series). Brill Academic Publishers, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Kalitzin, Stiliyan, and Fernando Lopes da Silva. EEG-Based Anticipation and Control of Seizures. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0023.

Full text
Abstract:
Early seizure-prediction paradigms were based on detecting electroencephalographic (EEG) features, but recent approaches are based on dynamic systems theory. Methods that attempted to detect predictive features during the preictal period proved difficult to validate in practice. Brain systems can display bistability (both normal and epileptic states can coexist), and the transitions between states may be initiated by external or internal dynamic factors. In the former case prediction is impossible, but in the latter case prediction is conceivable, leading to the hypothesis that as seizure onset approaches, the excitability of the underlying neuronal networks tends to increase. This assumption is being explored using not only the ongoing EEG but also active probes, applying appropriate stimuli to brain areas to estimate the excitability of the neuronal populations. Experimental results support this assumption, suggesting that it may be possible to develop paradigms to estimate the risk of an impending transition to an epileptic state.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Beninger, Richard J. Drug abuse and incentive learning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0010.

Full text
Abstract:
Drug abuse and incentive learning explains how abused drugs, including nicotine, ethanol, marijuana, amphetamine, cocaine, morphine, and heroin, produce conditioned place preference and are self-administered; dopamine receptor antagonists block these effects. Stimuli that become reliable predictors of drug reward produce burst firing in dopaminergic neurons, but the drug retains its ability to activate dopaminergic neurons. Thus, repeated drug users experience two activations of dopaminergic neurotransmission, one upon exposure to the conditioned stimuli signaling the drug and another upon taking the drug. This may lead to long-term neurobiological changes that contribute to withdrawal and addiction. Withdrawal can be remediated by abstinence but this does not reduce the conditioned incentive value of cues associated with drug taking; those cues can lead to relapse. Effective treatment will include detoxification and systematic exposure to drug taking-associated conditioned incentive stimuli in the absence of drug so that those stimuli lose their ability to control responses.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Respiratory and Cerebral Central Nervous System Stimulants Excluding Non-Drug Dietaries for Weight Control. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Respiratory and Cerebral Central Nervous System Stimulants Excluding Non-Drug Dietaries for Weight Control in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Respiratory and Cerebral Central Nervous System Stimulants Excluding Non-Drug Dietaries for Weight Control in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Iversen, Leslie. Peripheral and Central Effects of THC. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846848.003.0003.

Full text
Abstract:
Although there is currently only limited knowledge of how activation of the CB-1 receptor in brain leads to the many actions of THC, some general features of cannabinoid control mechanisms are emerging. This chapter discusses THC in relation to the inhibition of neurotransmitter release, cardiovascular effects, effects on motility and pain, and behavioral models including the “Billy Martin tetrad.” It also discusses human laboratory models, including studies on learning and memory. A key effect of cannabis is intoxication, and the subjective effects of cannabis are reported in detail. Finally, the value of animal behavior studies is discussed, including discriminative stimulus effects, effects on cognition, and anti-anxiety effects.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

van Prooijen, Jan-Willem. The Moral Punishment Instinct. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190609979.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
Across time and cultures, ranging from ancient hunter-gatherers, to holy scriptures, to contemporary courts of law, it has been common for people to punish offenders. Furthermore, punishment is not restricted to criminal offenders but emerges in all spheres of social life, including corporations, public institutions, traffic, sports matches, schools, and parenting. Why is punishment so ubiquitous? One cannot find a satisfactory explanation for the universality of punishment in the social science literature focusing on human morality in general. Punishment also occurs among nonhuman animals for which one can question their sense of morality, including rodents, fish, and insects. Apparently, there is something specific and unique about punishment that warrants a more focused discussion. This book proposes that people possess a moral punishment instinct, that is, a hard-wired tendency to aggress against those who violate the norms of the group. People evolved this instinct due to its power to control behavior by curbing selfishness and free-riding, thereby providing incentives to stimulate the mutual cooperation that small tribes of ancient hunter-gatherers needed to survive in a challenging natural environment. To examine this idea, the book describes how punishment originates from moral emotions, stimulates cooperation, and shapes the social life of human beings. Guided by many recognizable examples, the book illuminates how the moral punishment instinct manifests itself among nonhuman animals, children, cultures of modern humans, and tribes of hunter-gatherers, while accounting for the role of this instinct in religion, war, racial bias, restorative justice, gossip, torture, and radical terrorism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Respiratory and Cerebral Central Nervous System Stimulants Excluding Non-Drug Dietaries for Weight Control in Greater China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Fomberstein, Kenneth, Marissa Rubin, Dipan Patel, John-Paul Sara, and Abhishek Gupta. Perioperative Opioid Analgesics of Use in Pain Management for Spine Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0004.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter compares the basic properties of several opioid analgesics and explores their applications in perioperative pain control in spine surgery. Parenteral opioids have long been the cornerstone of treatment for postoperative pain; they work by inhibiting voltage-gated calcium channels and increasing potassium influx, which results in reduced neuronal excitability, thereby inhibiting the ascending transmission of painful stimuli and activating the descending inhibitory pathways. This chapter reviews concepts including opioid conversion and rotation, opioid tolerance, and opioid cross-tolerance. It discusses common opioid side effects, and it explores the perioperative use of several specific opioids including remifentanil, sufentanil, methadone, oxycodone, morphine, and tapentadol and discusses their use in spine surgery. Additionally, this chapter discusses patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and its importance in postoperative pain control.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Gibson, James L., and Michael J. Nelson. Symbols of Justice or of Social Control? Legal Authority and the Views of African Americans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865214.003.0005.

Full text
Abstract:
Extant research has established that black and white Americans hold vastly different explicit attitudes about law, justice, and the legal system. What has not been established, however, is whether implicit attitudes—such as the networks of considerations that are activated by the symbols of legal authority—differ between blacks and whites. Earlier research has shown that exposure to the symbols of authority can have legitimacy-enhancing consequences, increasing the likelihood that an unwelcomed court decision will be accepted. Given the negative experiences many African Americans have with legal authorities—and clear evidence that blacks learn vicariously from the experiences of their co-ethnics—it seems unlikely that the finding from earlier research that law is viewed as just and benevolent is widely shared in the black community. Instead, we hypothesize, legal symbols are likely to stimulate associations colored with thoughts of injustice and social control. The American legal system is developing a crisis of legitimacy among its black constituents; understanding how explicit and implicit information processing systems affect black attitudes is therefore of crucial scientific and political relevance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Milev, Roumen. The role of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0027.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter examines the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for treatment of patients with bipolar disorders. It briefly reviews the basics of ECT, stimulus parameters, placement of electrodes, and seizure threshold. The data for efficacy and tolerability of ECT for bipolar disorder, including mania, depression, mixed states, and across the lifespan is reviewed. Although there is a paucity of good-quality randomized studies, all available data, including case reports and naturalistic observations, support the use of ECT in this population, and reinforce the widespread use of ECT in everyday clinical practice. Good-quality randomized control trials are urgently needed to address numerous unanswered questions, in order to improve efficacy and reduce side-effect burden of one of the best treatments for bipolar disorder.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Respiratory and Cerebral Central Nervous System Stimulants Excluding Non-Drug Dietaries for Weight Control in the United States. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Mazzolai, Barbara. Growth and tropism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0009.

Full text
Abstract:
Plants or plant parts, such as roots or leaves, have the capacity of moving by growing in response to external stimuli with high plasticity and morphological adaptation to the environment. This chapter analyses some plant features and how they have been translated in artificial devices and control. A new generation of ICT hardware and software technologies inspired from plants is described, which includes an artificial root-like prototype that moves in soil imitating the sloughing mechanism of cells at the root apex level; as well as innovative osmotic-based actuators that generate movement imitating turgor variation in the plant cells. As future directions, new technologies expected from the study of plants concern energy-efficient actuation systems, chemical and physical microsensors, sensor fusion techniques, kinematics models, and distributed, adaptive control in networked structures with local information and communication capabilities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Sahley, Billie Jay. GABA: The Anxiety Amino Acid. 2nd ed. Pain & Stress Publications, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Rubia, Katya. ADHD brain function. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0007.

Full text
Abstract:
ADHD patients appear to have complex multisystem impairments in several cognitive-domain dissociated inferior, dorsolateral, and medial fronto-striato-parietal and frontocerebellar neural networks during inhibition, attention, working memory, and timing functions. There is emerging evidence for abnormalities in motivation and affect control regions, most prominently in ventral striatum, but also orbital/ventromedial frontolimbic areas. Furthermore, there is an immature interrelationship between hypoengaged task-positive cognitive control networks and a poorly ‘switched off’ default mode network, both of which impact performance. Stimulant medication enhances the activation of inferior frontostriatal systems, while atomoxetine appears to have more pronounced effects on the dorsal attention network. More studies are needed to understand the neurofunctional correlates of the effects of age, gender, ADHD subtypes, and comorbidities with other psychiatric conditions. The use of pattern recognition analyses applied to imaging to make individual diagnostic or prognostic predictions are promising and will be the challenge over the next decade.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Drugs Used to Treat Withdrawal Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0018.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter covers the treatment of withdrawal syndromes associated with alcohol, opioids, stimulants, baclofen, and nicotine. The approach to refractory withdrawal delirium is discussed, as well as the management of serious withdrawal syndromes that are neurology-specific, such as baclofen withdrawal. Withdrawal syndromes are serious and may require extensive pharmacotherapy. The safety of the patient must be balanced against the risks and side effects of the medications administered to control the agitation. Prior alcoholism accounts for the overwhelming proportion of patients with withdrawal syndromes. The drugs used for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome include benzodiazepines, dexmedetomidine, and propofol. The prevalence of opioid withdrawal is increasing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Dyken, Mark Eric, Kyoung Bin Im, George B. Richerson, and Deborah C. Lin-Dyken. Sleep and stroke. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0027.

Full text
Abstract:
The study of stroke and sleep is in its infancy, as exemplified by the fact that polysomnography (PSG) has only recently been used to help confirm that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a stroke risk factor. There is a strong association between stroke and sleep problems, as stroke can cause, and also may result from, some sleep disorders. Symptoms of OSA, the most frequent and dangerous sleep problem associated with stroke, often suggest other primary sleep disorders. OSA should be the first concern, and, if diagnosed, positive airway pressure (PAP) and positional therapies are first-line treatments. If OSA is ruled out, good sleep hygiene through cognitive–behavioral techniques (cognitive, sleep restriction, stimulus control, and progressive relaxation therapies) are often recommended, as stroke patients are prone to the adverse effects of medications routinely used for sleep problems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Prebiotics and probiotics in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0027.

Full text
Abstract:
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic commensal microorganisms with beneficial effects on the host organism; they improve and/or maintain intestinal flora balance by suppressing and displacing harmful bacteria. Prebiotics are nondigestible food components that stimulate growth or activity of these beneficial intestinal bacteria. Such microorganisms form an integral part of the intestinal mucosal defence system and are important for the development and maturation of the infant#amp;#x2019;s gastrointestinal tract. Maternal ingestion of probiotics and prebiotics from dietary sources during pregnancy, or by the infant at weaning, may enhance the development and maturation of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic foods may also help control insulin resistance and the development of gestational diabetes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, and Gareth Morris-Stiff. Targeted and biological therapies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0009.

Full text
Abstract:
Hormone therapy describes the role of hormones in the growth of a variety of cancers, and the therapeutic effects of manipulation of hormone levels in these diseases. Sex hormones stimulate the growth of breast and prostate cancers, many of which respond to surgical removal of the hormone-secreting gonad. Pharmacological measures to deliver hormone therapy in these diseases include luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists and antagonists, inhibitors of sex hormone synthesis, and inhibitors of hormone-receptor binding. These treatments have established benefits in both in the control of advanced disease and the adjuvant therapy of early-stage disease. The pros and cons of combination hormone therapy are discussed. Resistance to hormone therapy may be primary or acquired, and the likely mechanisms are described.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Beninger, Richard J. Multiple memory systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0004.

Full text
Abstract:
Multiple memory systems describes how memories can be declarative or non-declarative; incentive learning produces one type of non-declarative memory. Patients with bilateral hippocampal damage have declarative memory deficits (amnesia) but intact non-declarative memory; patients with striatal dysfunction, for example, Parkinson’s patients who lose striatal dopamine have impaired incentive learning but intact declarative memory. Rats with lesions of the fornix (hippocampal output pathway), but not lesions of the dorsal striatum, have impaired spatial (declarative) memory; rats with lesions of the dorsal striatum, but not fornix, have impaired stimulus–response memory that relies heavily on incentive learning. These memory systems possibly inhibit one another to control responding: in rats, a group that received fornix lesions and had impaired spatial learning did better on an incentive task; in humans, hippocampus damage was associated with improvement on an incentive learning task and striatal damage was associated with increased involvement of the hippocampus in a route-recognition task.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Hertenstein, Elisabeth, Christoph Nissen, and Dieter Riemann. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of insomnia. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0020.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter evaluates evidence-based treatment options for chronic insomnia. Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by sleep onset and maintenance difficulties and daytime impairment such as reduced concentration and motivation. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) is the first-line treatment for chronic primary and comorbid insomnia. CBTI comprises behavioral treatment (sleep restriction, stimulus control), relaxation, cognitive therapy, and sleep education. Its effects are of medium to large size and are stable up to two years after treatment. Benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine receptor agonists are equally effective for short-term treatment. However, because of their adverse effects, especially in the elderly, and their potential for tolerance and dependence, they are only recommended for a treatment period up to four weeks. Low doses of sedating antidepressants are commonly prescribed for treating chronic insomnia and have shown promising results in clinical trials. However, more research on their long-term efficacy and safety is needed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Cellek, Selim. Mechanism of penile erection. Edited by David John Ralph. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0101.

Full text
Abstract:
Sexual stimuli (tactile, visual, olfactory, and imaginative) are processed and integrated in the central nervous system which then activates certain autonomic and somatic pathways within the peripheral nervous system. This coordinated activation of the central and peripheral nervous systems leads to penile erection which is actually a result of relaxation of vascular and cavernosal smooth muscle in the penis. In the flaccid (detumescent) penis, the smooth muscle tone is heightened. Penile erection (tumescence) requires a decrease in the smooth muscle tone. The tone of the penile smooth muscle therefore is the main determinant of erectile function. In this chapter, the current information on the control of erectile function by this central-peripheral-smooth muscle axis will be reviewed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Nutt, David J., and Liam J. Nestor. Nicotine addiction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797746.003.0011.

Full text
Abstract:
Cigarette smoking presents with considerable health risks and induces high costs on healthcare resources. People continue to smoke cigarettes in the face of adversity because they contain nicotine, which is highly addictive. Nicotine is a stimulant that exerts its effects within the brain by acting at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). nAChRs are located in areas of the brain involved in reward processing, motivation, and cognitive control, which results in disruptions to behaviour when nicotine addiction has developed. Disturbances to the brain and behaviour are particularly evident during early nicotine abstinence when people are in withdrawal. Importantly, treatments (e.g. varenicline, bupropion) that attenuate disturbances to reward and cognition in the brain during withdrawal in early nicotine abstinence are conferred with the efficacy to promote smoking cessation and protect against relapse.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Davis, Jeff, and Kristen Damron. Stress and Stress Hormones. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.26.

Full text
Abstract:
During the past four decades, numerous reviews have been published on biological responses to stressful social environments. Reviews targeted for audiences in the social sciences emphasized biological outcomes while skipping over explanations of biological mechanisms. This chapter focuses on the details of the hormonal processes that “report” the state of the environment to the nervous system and regulate cognitive and motor responses to stressful social stimuli. Steroid hormones receive most attention. The chapter concludes with an outline of a sociological model of social action based on current knowledge of hormone actions. It shares some of the basic ideas of previous models such as affect control theory. However, the model proposes a broader role of stress hormones in human social behavior.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'Stimulas control' for other source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography