Academic literature on the topic 'Stimulation. eng'
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Journal articles on the topic "Stimulation. eng"
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Anier, A., J. Kaik, and K. Meigas. "Device and methods for performing transesophageal stimulation at reduced pacing current threshold." Estonian Journal of Engineering 57, no. 2 (2008): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/eng.2008.2.05.
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Road, J. D., S. Osborne, and Y. Wakai. "Delayed poststimulus decrease of phrenic motoneuron output produced by phrenic nerve afferent stimulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 1 (1993): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.1.68.
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The immediate effects of phrenic afferent nerve activation on ventilation have been shown to be both excitatory and inhibitory. Long-lasting inhibitory effects on respiratory motoneuron output have been reported after stimulation of afferent nerves from limb muscles. However, whether respiratory muscle afferent nerves can produce this effect is unknown. We therefore hypothesized that activation of phrenic afferent nerves may produce a prolonged decrease of respiratory motoneuron output. Six alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs were studied after vagotomy and bilateral carotid sinus nerve section. The dogs were paralyzed, and end-tidal CO2 was controlled by mechanical ventilation. The proximal end of the cut thoracic phrenic nerve was electrically stimulated for 1 min at intensities that produced activation of thin-fiber afferents. The contralateral efferent phrenic integrated electroneurogram (ENG) was recorded. During stimulation, phrenic ENG activity increased. ENG activity was recorded during recovery and reached a peak decrease compared with control of 19 +/- 11% (SD) 9.0 +/- 6 min after stimulation and returned to control after 30 min. A qualitatively similar response was seen after stimulation of the gastrocnemius nerve. We conclude that activation of thin-fiber afferents in the phrenic nerve can produce a delayed and prolonged decrease of respiratory motoneuron output similar to that of limb muscle afferent nerves.
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Lozano-Muniz, Susana, and Maria del Carmen Urzua-Hernandez. "Structural Bioinformatics of Protein & DNA, as Early Stimulation in Basic Education of Rural and Indigenous Communities of Oaxaca." Engineering 05, no. 10 (2013): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.510b053.
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DeRenzo, Christopher C., Phuong Nguyen, and Stephen Gottschalk. "Antigen-dependent costimulation to improve T-cell therapy for cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 7_suppl (2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.7_suppl.151.
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151 Background: T-cell therapy for cancer faces several challenges, including limited T-cell expansion at tumor sites, and lack of unique tumor antigens that are not expressed in normal tissues. To overcome the first obstacle, we developed Engager (ENG) T cells, which secrete bispecific molecules consisting of single chain variable fragments specific for CD3 and a tumor antigen. ENG T cells have the unique ability to redirect bystander T cells to tumors, amplifying antitumor effects. Costimulatory chimeric antigen receptors (CoCARs) are one potential strategy to restrict full T-cell activation to tumor sites that express a unique "antigen address." The goal of this project was now to generate T cells that express engager molecules and CoCARs (ENG/CoCAR T cells), which recognize distinct tumor antigens, and evaluate their effector function. Methods: We focused on two tumor antigens, EphA2 and HER2, which are expressed in a broad range of solid tumors. RD114-pseudotyped retroviral particles encoding an EphA2-ENG or a HER2-CoCAR were used to transduce CD3/CD28-activated human T cells. Transduced T cells were cocultured with EphA2+/HER2- or EphA2+/HER2+ tumor cells. Results: Both EphA2-ENG and EphA2-ENG/HER2-CoCAR T cells were activated by EphA2+ targets, as judged by IFNγ secretion. EphA2-ENG T cells secreted little IL-2 and died after one stimulation with EphA2+/HER2- or EphA2+/HER2+ tumor cells. In contrast, EphA2-ENG/HER2-CoCAR T cells secreted high levels of IL-2 and proliferated when stimulated with EphA2+/HER2+ cells. Little IL-2 secretion and no proliferation was observed after stimulation of the same T cells with EphA2+/HER2- cells, indicating these T cells are only fully activated in the presence of both target antigens. Upon repeated stimulation with EphA2+/HER2+ tumor cells, EphA2-ENG/HER2-CoCAR T cells continued to secrete IL-2 and proliferate without the addition of external cytokines for at least 10 weeks. Conclusions: EphA2-ENG/HER2-CoCAR T cells demonstrated robust dual antigen dependent IL-2 secretion, and continued proliferation upon repeat stimulation with EphA2+/HER2+ cells. Thus, providing antigen-specific costimulation is a potential strategy to improve the safety and efficacy of T-cell therapy for cancer.
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Weese-Mayer, D. E., R. T. Brouillette, L. Klemka, and C. E. Hunt. "Effects of almitrine on hypoglossal and phrenic electroneurograms." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 1 (1985): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.1.105.
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Almitrine increases breathing by stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors. Previous studies suggest clinical usefulness in the adult with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but little data are available to decide whether almitrine would be helpful in diseases involving pharyngeal airway obstruction, such as apnea of prematurity or obstructive sleep apnea. We investigated the effect of intravenous almitrine on hypoglossal (HG), an upper airway nerve, and phrenic (PHR) neural activity in eight alpha-chloralose-urethan anesthetized, paralyzed, vagotomized, and artificially ventilated cats. Recordings were made of raw and integrated HG and PHR electroneurograms (ENGs), alveolar PCO2, arterial PO2, arterial blood pressure, and rectal temperature. A dose-response study of cumulative almitrine doses ranging from 0.1 to 4.0 mg/kg was performed in three cats. The interactive effects of almitrine and hypoxic stimulation were investigated in four cats. The interactive effects of almitrine and hypercapnic stimulation were investigated in five cats. The interactive effects of almitrine and ventilatory timing were investigated in six cats. We found that 1) almitrine doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg iv increased both HG and PHR ENG activity, with a maximum effect at approximately 1.0 mg/kg; 2) almitrine markedly increased HG and PHR ENG activity at all arterial PO2 values from 35–175 Torr; 3) almitrine increased HG and PHR ENG activity at all arterial PCO2 values from 30–70 Torr; and 4) almitrine increased the ratio of tidal volume to inspiratory time and decreased the inspiratory muscle duty cycle at normoxia and eucapnia.
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Parkin, James L., Bruce E. Stewart, Korine Dankowski, and Leonard J. Haas. "Prognosticating Speech Performance in Multichannel Cochlear Implant Patients." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 101, no. 3 (1989): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988910100304.
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Twenty patients received multichannel cochlear implants between April 1984 and May 1986 at the University of Utah Medical Center. All patients have been followed for at least 1 year postimplant. Preimplant screening included audiometric testing, electronystagmogram (ENG), promontory stimulation, computed tomography (CT) scanning, and psychological evaluation. Based on postimplant audio-only CID sentence discrimination scores, these patients were divided into three groups: good (CID > 79%), Intermediate (CID, 21% to 79%), and poor (CID < 21%). Preimplant factors that correlated with CID scores were hearing loss duration, previous use of hearing aids, lip-reading ability, tinnitus, positive ENG calorics, preimplant pure-tone average, promontory stimulation threshold, and understanding of the project. Only previous hearing aid usage approached statistical significance ( p = 0.05). A larger patient sample is needed to verify these results.
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Garibotti, Gilda. "Child psychomotor development and its relationship with socio-demographic and family stimulation factors in children from Bariloche, Argentina." Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria 111, no. 5 (2013): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2013.eng.384.
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Fan, Wei, and Michael C. Andresen. "Differential frequency-dependent reflex integration of myelinated and nonmyelinated rat aortic baroreceptors." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 275, no. 2 (1998): H632—H640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1998.275.2.h632.
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Electrical activation of myelinated (A type) and nonmyelinated (C type) baroreceptor axons (BR) in aortic depressor nerve (ADN) evoked baroreflex changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in chloralose-urethan-anesthetized rats. Low stimulation intensities (<3 V) activated only A-type BR electroneurograms (ENG). A-type selective stimulus trains required minimum frequencies >10 Hz to evoke reflex MAP decreases, and the largest MAP responses occurred at 50 Hz and higher. In contrast, high stimulation intensities (18–20 V) maximally activated two volleys in ADN ENG corresponding to A- and C-type BR volleys. High-intensity trains decreased MAP at low frequency (1 Hz) and largest reflex responses at ≥5 Hz. Capsaicin (Cap) applied periaxonally to ADN selectively blocked C-type ENG volleys but not A-type volleys. Reflex curves with supramaximal intensity during Cap were indistinguishable from the pre-Cap, low-intensity baroreflexes. In comparison, vagus ENG showed graded Cap block of the C-fiber volley (ED50 = 200 nM) without significant attenuation of the A-type volley below 1 μM. However, 100 μM Cap blocked conduction in all myelinated vagal axons as well as C-type axons. Thus Cap is selective for sensory C-type axons only at low micromolar concentrations. Myelinated and nonmyelinated arterial BR evoke characteristically different frequency-response reflex relations that suggest distinct differences in sensory information processing mechanisms.
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Raya, J. Guadalupe, Alberto Ramírez, and E. J. Muñoz-Martínez. "Gamma→Alpha Linkage and Persistent Firing of Ia Fibers by Pudendal Nerve Stimulation in the Decerebrate Cat." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 1 (2004): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01113.2003.
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The sensory pudendal nerve (SPN) was stimulated in decerebrate female cats. Spikes of single Ia muscle spindle afferents from the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle were recorded in dorsal root filaments. Electroneurography (ENG) was recorded in a cut nerve filament to the MG muscle; MG electromyography (EMG) was also recorded. Single shock to SPN induced discharges of small ENG spikes (SS) with similar amplitude to that of gamma spikes elicited by ventral root stimulation. Thus SS were identified as gamma spikes. The latency of the gamma discharge was ∼15 ms. As expected, the onset of the gamma discharge preceded a discharge of Ia spikes; the time difference between both discharges was ∼5 ms. After the initial bursts, the Ia and the gamma activities paused during 20–30 ms but later increased again to last ∼1 s. After the shock, the EMG activity was depressed during ∼50 ms; later, motor-unit spikes may show transient activation. Thus the onset of the gamma activation preceded the activation of motor units (gamma→alpha link). Trains of shocks (1 or 100 Hz) to SPN induced a sustained increase in the frequency of gamma spikes, Ia spikes, and motor units that outlasted the train by 20–120 s. The sustained firing of Ia fibers might trigger or help to trigger and maintain the response of alpha-motoneurons.
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Velasquez, Mireya Paulina, Kota Iwahori, David L. Torres, et al. "T Cells Expressing Engager and Costimulatory Molecules for the Immunotherapy of CD19+ Malignancies." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2433.2433.
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Abstract Background: Immunotherapy with anti-CD19/anti-CD3 bispecific engager molecules has shown promise in clinical studies for CD19+ malignancies. However engager molecules have short half-lives and do not accumulate at tumor sites. In addition, co-delivery of other immunostimulatory molecules to enhance antitumor effects is difficult to achieve. We have recently shown that T cells can be genetically modified to secrete bispecific engager molecules (ENG-T cells). ENG-T cells are activated by tumor cells in an antigen-dependent manner, redirect bystander T cells to tumor cells, and have antitumor activity in preclinical models. We now wanted to explore if additional genetic modifications of ENG-T cells can enhance their effector function in vitro and in vivo. Since bispecific engager molecules do not provide co-stimulation, we focused on the provision of co-stimulatory signals by coexpressing CD80 and CD137L on the cell surface of ENG-T cells. Thus, the aim of the study was to compare the effector function of CD19-specific T-cell engagers (CD19-ENG T cells) and CD19-ENG T cells co-expressing CD80 and 41BBL (CD19-ENG/Costim T cells). Methods: CD19-ENG T cells were generated by transducing T cells with a retroviral vector encoding a CD19-specific T-cell engager and mOrange separated by an IRES (SFG.CD19-ENG-I-mO), and CD19-ENG/Costim T cells were generated by double transducing T cells with SFG.CD19-ENG-I-mO and a 2nd retroviral vector encoding 41BBL and CD80 separated by an IRES. The effector function of ENG T-cells was evaluated in vitro and in a leukemia xenograft model. Results: After single or double transduction 60-80% of T cells were positive for mOrange, and ~80% of CD19-ENG/Costim T cells were positive for CD80 and 30-40% positive for 41BBL. In coculture assays CD19-ENG and CD19-ENG/Costim T cells recognized CD19+ lymphoma (Daudi, Raji) and acute leukemia (BV173) cells as judged by IFN-g secretion in contrast to negative controls. While CD19+ target cells that express CD80 and CD86 (Daudi and Raji) induced robust IL2 production of CD19-ENG and CD19-ENG/Costim T cells, CD19-ENG/Costim T cells produced significantly higher levels of IL2 in comparison to CD19-ENG T cells after stimulation with CD19+/CD80-/CD86- negative target cells (BV173). Cytokine production was antigen dependent since ENG and ENG/Costim T cells specific for an irrelevant antigen (EphA2) did not produce cytokines. Specificity was confirmed in cytotoxicity assays. In transwell assays containing inserts preventing T-cell migration, only ENG T cells redirected bystander T cells in the bottom well to CD19+ tumor cells. To assess in vivo anti-tumor activity of CD19-ENG T cells and CD19-ENG/Costim T cells we used the BV173/NSG mouse xenograft model in which BV173 cells are genetically modified with firefly luciferase (ffLuc-BV173) to allow for serial bioluminescence imaging. While therapy with CD19-ENG T cells on day 7 post ffLuc-BV173 injection resulted in the cure of all mice, when therapy was delayed to day 14, only 1/10 mice was alive on day 80. In contrast therapy of mice on day 14 with CD19-ENG/Costim T cells resulted in long-term survival of 7/10 mice. Control T cells (EphA2-ENG T cells or EphA2-ENG/Costim T cells) had no antitumor effects. Conclusions: We have generated CD19-ENG T cells and CD19-ENG/Costim T cells with the ability to direct bystander T cells to CD19+ malignancies. Both ENG T-cell populations had potent antitumor activity in a preclinical ALL model, and provision of costimulation further enhanced antitumor effects. Genetically modifying T cells to express engager molecules and additional molecules to enhance their effector function may present a promising alternative to current CD19-targeted immunotherapies. Disclosures Velasquez: Celgene, Bluebird bio: Other. Iwahori:Celgene, Bluebird bio: Other. Kakarla:Celgene, Bluebird bio: Other. Song:Celgene, Bluebird bio: Other. Gottschalk:Celgene, Bluebird bio: Other.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stimulation. eng"
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Souza, Marcial Zanelli de. "Interleucinas e perfil quimiometabólico músculo-esquelético de ratos com o membro posterior imobilizado e submetidos à estimulação elétrica neuromuscular /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100437.
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Orientador: Eliete Luciano<br>Banca: Carlos Alberto da Silva<br>Banca: Cláudio Alexandre Gobatto<br>Banca: Gustavo Puggina Rogatto<br>Banca: Ricardo José Gomes<br>Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e quantificar a participação das interleucinas (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 e TNF-alfa) em animais que tiveram uma pata imobilizada e eletroestimulada por 1, 2 e 3 dias consecutivos, analisando-se a repercussão da hipocinesia focal sobre o conteúdo das proteínas musculares, bem como sobre parâmetros metabólicos como glicemia, insulinemia, glicogênio muscular, ácidos graxos livres, ácido ascórbico da glândula adrenal e da enzima creatina quinase (CK). A estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EE, F=10Hz, T=0,4ms, i=5mA, 20 minutos diariamente), foi aplicada ao membro posterior de ratos, nos músculos Gastrocnêmio e Sóleo. Assim, ratos machos Wistar foram divididos em 7 grupos: controles (C), imobilizados por 1 dia (I1), imobilizados e eletroestimulados por 1 dia (IE1), imobilizados por 2 dias (I2), imobilizados e eletroestimulados por 2 dias (IE2), imobilizados por 3 dias (I3) e imobilizados e eletroestimulados por 3 dias (IE3). A Imobilização foi realizada através de uma órtese confeccionada sob medida em resina acrílica, mantendo o membro em posição a 90º pelos respectivos períodos experimentais. Os resultados demonstraram que a imobilização monosegmentar utilizada neste estudo desencadeou precocemente a proteólise muscular, alem de provocar respostas agudas nos sistemas diretamente relacionados com o fornecimento energético. Tais reações podem ser mediadas por algumas interleucinas, sobretudo a IL-6, que apresentou expressiva variação durante os períodos experimentais. Por outro lado, a eletroestimulação neuromuscular utilizada precocemente pode atenuar algumas destas respostas, minimizando o aspecto catabólico induzido pela imobilização. Assim, os resultados deste estudo leva a sugestiva de que as ações terapêuticas ou preventivas sobre as conseqüências deletérias da imobilização sobre os sistemas orgânicos devem ser adotadas precocemente.<br>Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate and quantilfy the participation of interleukins (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF) in rats that underwent paw immobilization and electrical stimulation for 1, 2, and 3 consecutive days, while analyzing the local hypokinesia repercussion on muscular protein content, as well as metabolic parameters of glycemia, insulineamia, muscular glycogen, free fatty acids, ascorbic acid, and createne kinase enzime (CK). The neuromuscular electrical stimulation (EE, F=10Hz, T=0,4ms, i=5mA, 20 minutes daily) was applied to the hindlimb of the animas over the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. In this manner, albino male Wistar rats were distributed into 7 experimental groups: control (C), immobilized 1 day (I1), immobilized 1 day and electrostimulated (IE1), immobilized 2 days (I2), immobilized 2 days and electrostimulated (IE2), immobilized 3 days (I3) and immobilized 3 days and electrostimulated (IE3). The immobilization of the animals was achieved by an acrylic resin orthesis model which maintained the limb in the position of 90º during the respective experimental periods. The results demonstrated that the mono-segmental immobilization utilized during this study unchained muscular proteolysis prematurely, while also provoked acute responses in systems directly related to energy distribution. Such reactions can be measured by certain interleukins, especially the IL-6, which demonstrated an expressive variation during the experiemntal period. On the other hand, the neuromuscular electrical stimulation, when utilized prematurely, can diminish the occurance of some of these responses, minimizing the catabolic aspect induced by immobilization. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that theurapeutical or preventive actions over deleterious consequences of immobilization on organic systems should be adopted prematurely.<br>Doutor
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Prado, Thiago Alexandre. "Implementação de um controlador PID embarcado para o controle em malha fechada de um estimulador neuromuscular funcional /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87062.
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Orientador: Aparecido Augusto de Carvalho<br>Banca: Erica Regina Marani Daruichi Machado<br>Banca: Ernane José Xavier da Costa<br>Resumo: Por décadas, a aplicação de Estimulação Elétrica Neuromuscular (EENM) em pacientes paraplégicos e hemiplégicos tem melhorado significativamente sua qualidade de vida. Entretanto, comercialmente, essa técnica é aplicada sem o uso de uma lei de controle em malha fechada, o que limita sua eficiência. Assim, neste trabalho, projetou-se e implementouse um controlador PID embarcado para o uso com estimuladores elétricos neuromusculares. O projeto desse controlador se baseou em um modelo matemático linear de segunda ordem, que representa o comportamento da força muscular devido a um estímulo elétrico. Posteriormente, desenvolveram-se algoritmos na linguagem de programação Python que possibilitam o projeto automático de controladores PID com diferentes especificações para diferentes pacientes. Dessa forma, o usuário informa os parâmetros do paciente e as especificações desejadas para obter a configuração do controlador PID adequada. Além disso, desenvolveuse um programa em linguagem C para o microcontrolador PIC18F4520 que implementa este controlador utilizando o seu conversor A/D interno de 10 bits e um conversor D/A externo de 10 bits. Este controlador pode ser configurado via comunicação serial de forma simples e rápida, permitindo alterar os parâmetros do controlador PID e o tempo de amostragem. Por fim, os resultados obtidos a partir da simulação deste sistema no ambiente Proteus provou a viabilidade do controlador PID projetado.<br>Abstract: For decades the quality of life of hemiplegic and patients with spinal cord injuries has been improving through the research and use of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) in rehabilitation engineering. However, most of the times it has been used without closed loop techniques, which is the approach used in this project, where an embedded PID controller has been designed and implemented to control the NMES. The plant to be controlled, i.e., the behaviour of the muscle response to an electrical stimulus, was represented using a secondorder linear model. The language Python was then used to develop PID control algorithms allowing the use of different specifications so that the user can supply the patient parameters to properly configure the PID controller for different patients. Later, these algorithms were implement in a PIC18F4520 microcontroller using C language, exploiting its internal 10 bit A/D converter and an external 10 bit D/A. The final circuit can be configured serially via a PC, adjusting the controller parameters and the sampling rate. The whole system was simulated in the Proteus environment, proving its viability.<br>Mestre
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Coêlho, Juliana de Carvalho Apolinário. "Efeito do ultra-som de baixa potência na reparação óssea em ratos sob ausência de carga : análise densitométrica e biomecânica /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92201.
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Orientador: Mário Jefferson Quirino Louzada<br>Banca: Ivania Garavella<br>Banca: Leda Maria Pescinini Salzedas<br>Resumo: A literatura apresenta que a resposta de reparo ósseo pode ser acentuada pela estimulação física, mecânica ou eletromagnética. Há evidências de que o ultra-som - US - de baixa potência pode acelerar a regeneração óssea. Este trabalho objetivou verificar o efeito do US no defeito ósseo, criado experimentalmente, em tíbias de ratos sob ausência de carga (suspenso pela cauda) por meio de análise densitométrica e biomecânica. Trinta Rattus novergicus albinus, Wistar, adultos, divididos em 3 grupos: G1 (n=10), não suspenso - experimento de 15 dias; G2 (n=10), suspenso pela cauda - experimento de 15 dias e, G3 (n=10), suspensos pela cauda, experimento de 36 dias. Os animais foram submetidos à osteotomia em ambas as tíbias e à aplicação do US (freqüência de 1,5 MHz, ciclo 1:4, 30mW/cm2) na direita (12 sessões de 20 minutos). O G3 somente foi osteotomizado após 21º dia de suspensão. Para análises densitométrica utilizou-se densitômetro DPXLunar ™, sistema digital Digora e o programa computacional Image J ; para ensaio mecânico usou máquina universal de ensaio EMIC . Os resultados do Conteúdo Mineral Ósseo (g), Área (cm²), Densidade Mineral Óssea (g/cm²) e da Densidade Óssea (mmAl) observadas nas tíbias, assim como a Força Máxima (N) e Rigidez (x103N/m) não demonstraram diferenças significantes (tratadas versus controle de cada grupo), possivelmente pelo menor tempo de tratamento com relação aos trabalhos encontrados na literatura. Concluindo que o Ultra-Som de baixa potência não acelerou o processo de consolidação óssea.<br>Abstract: Literature shows that bone repair response can be accented by physical, mechanic or electromagnetic stimulation. There are evidences that low power ultrasound - US - can speed up bone regeneration. This work aimed at determining the effect of US in bone defects, experimentally created, in tibia from rats under load absence (suspended by the tail) by densitometric analysis and biomechanics. Thirty Rattus novergicus albinus, Wistar, adult, divided in 3 groups: G1 (n=10), not suspended - a 15 day experiment; G2 (n=10), suspended by the tail - a 15 day experiment and, G3 (n=10), suspended by the tail - a 36 day experiment. , The animals have been submitted to the osteotomy in both tibias and to the US application (1,5 MHz frequency, cycle 1:4, 30mW/cm2), on the right (twelve sessions of 20 minutes). G3 was only osteotomized after the 21st day of suspension. DPX-Lunar™ densitometer, Digora digital system and Image J computer program were used for densitometrical analysis; for the mechanical assay, the universal machine of EMIC assay was used. The results for Bone Mineral Content (g), Area (cm²), Bone Mineral Density (g/cm²) and Bone Density (mmAl) observed in tibias, as well as Maximum Power (N), and Rigidity (x103N/m) did not show any significant differences (treated versus control of each group), possibly due to shorter treatment time as regards the studies found in literature. Concluding that the low power ultrasound not accelerated the process of consolidating bone.<br>Mestre
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Possi, Ana Paula Marques. "Efeitos comportamentais e neuroquímicos agudos da cafeína em ratos adolescentes e adultos /." São Carlos : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95190.
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Orientador: Cleopatra da Silva Planeta<br>Banca: Azair Liane Matos do Canto de Souza<br>Banca: Tatiana Lima Ferreira<br>Resumo: A cafeína é provavelmente a substância psicoativa mais consumida no mundo. Essa substância está presente em alimentos, bebidas e medicamentos, sendo esses comercializados para indivíduos de todas as idades. Apesar disto, os efeitos da cafeína sobre os adolescentes são pouco compreendidos. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos psicomotores e neuroquímicos da cafeína em ratos adolescentes e adultos. Para tanto, ratos Wistar adolescentes (dia pós-natal 37 - 40) ou adultos (dia pós-natal 70 - 74) tiveram sua atividade locomotora registrada após injeção intraperitoneal (i.p.) de salina ou cafeína (3, 10, 30, 60 ou 120 mg/kg). Em outro experimento ratos adolescentes e adultos receberam injeção i.p. de salina ou cafeína nas doses de 30 ou 100 mg/kg e as concentrações de dopamina, serotonina e seus metabólitos foram determinadas no córtex pré-frontal medial (CPFm), núcleo acumbens (NAc), caudado putamem (CPu) e área tegmental ventral (ATV) por cromatrografia líquida de alta resolução acoplada a detector eletroquímico. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a cafeína nas doses de 10 e 30 mg/kg induziram estimulação da atividade locomotora em ambos as idades, enquanto as doses mais elevadas (60 e 120 mg/kg) somente estimulou a atividade locomotora nos animais adolescentes. A injeção aguda de cafeína na dose de 30 e 100 mg/kg aumentou as concentrações de dopamina no CPu e na ATV em ratos adolescentes, mas não em adultos, e no NAc em ambas as idades. Além disso, cafeína causou aumento das concentrações de serotonina no CPFm em ratos adultos, mas não em adolescentes; e na ATV em ambas as idades. Portanto, em ratos adolescentes a cafeína causa estimulação em uma faixa de doses mais ampla que nos adultos. A alteração causada pela cafeína sobre o sistema dopaminérgico é mais evidente em ratos adolescentes do que adultos, enquanto... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Caffeine is the most consumed psychostimulant drug in the world. This drug is present in food, beverages and medicines marketed for individuals of all ages. Despite the great consumption of caffeine containing foods by children and adolescents, few studies investigated age related effects of caffeine. Thus, we investigated caffeine-induced locomotor activity, as well as the effects of caffeine on the dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in adolescents and adults rats in areas important for motor behavior. Adolescent (postnatal day 37-40) or adult (postnatal day 70-74) Wistar rats had their locomotor activity registered following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of vehicle or caffeine (3, 10, 30, 60 or 120 mg/kg). In other experiment adolescent or adult rats received acute i.p. injections of 30 or 100 mg/kg of caffeine or saline and had the tissue levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), serotonin and 5-hydroxiindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the nucleus acumbens (NAc), medial pre-frontal cortex (mPFC), caudate putamen (CPu) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our results showed that 10 and 30 mg/kg of caffeine induced increased locomotor activity in both adolescent and adult rats, while at the higher caffeine doses (60 and 120 mg/kg) only adolescents were stimulated. The acute injection of 30 or 100 mg/kg of caffeine increased dopamine levels in the CPu and VTA in adolescent but not in adult rats, and in NAc in both ages. Furthermore, caffeine caused an increase in the concentration of serotonine in mPCF in adult but not in adolescent rats, and in VTA in both ages. Thus, in adolescent rats caffeine causes stimulation in a wider range of doses than in adults. The changes caused by caffeine on dopaminergic system are most evident in adolescent than adult rats, while... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Gaino, Ruberlei. "Controle de movimentos de pacientes paraplégicos utilizando modelos fuzzy T-S /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100279.
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Resumo: Foram realizados estudos, projetos e simulações do controle não-linear da posição da perna de um paraplégico, com eletroestimulação, utilizando modelos fuzzy Takagi- Sugeno (T-S). Nessa pesquisa, foi adotado um modelo matemático que utiliza uma relação empírica do torque do músculo com a largura de pulso, representada por uma função de transferência de primeira ordem. A modelagem da dinâmica do modelo do paciente paraplégico foi realizada com variáveis de estado. Projetou-se um regulador fuzzy (T-S), inicialmente no ponto de operação com a posição da perna em 30o, utilizando-se a teoria de Lyapunov para o estudo da estabilidade dos sistemas dinâmicos e o projeto do controlador baseado em desigualdades matriciais lineares (Linear Matrix Inequalities, LMI). As especificações consideradas neste projeto foram a estabilidade, a taxa de decaimento e restrições nos sinais de entrada e saída. Foi também projetado um observador de estado e regulador com observador de estado, todos não-lineares e contínuos no tempo, para o paciente paraplégico, também baseado em LMI, no ponto de operação com a posição da perna em 60o. Devido a necessidade de implementação em hardware, um modelo discretizado foi proposto, para a obtenção de modelos fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno discretos no tempo, a partir de modelos fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno contínuos no tempo, considerando períodos de amostragem suficientemente pequenos. Análises te'oricas e simulações digitais comprovaram a sua eficácia. Reguladores com observadores contínuos no tempo, considerando o rastreamento da posição da perna de um paraplégico e uso de variáveis virtuais foram também propostos. Neste projeto, pôde-se variar a posição angular desejada sem a necessidade do cálculo do novo ponto de operação e do projeto de um novo controlador para cada ponto de operação. Um método de identificação de modelos locais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: This thesis presents studies, designs and simulations about the use of functional electrical stimulation, to control the leg position of a paraplegic patient. The plant is described by a nonlinear system using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models and a closed-loop control is presented. A transfer function represents the mathematical model related to the muscle torque and the pulse width. Considering the operation point at 30◦ and all state variables available, then a fuzzy regulator was designed. This design was based on the Lyapunov stability, Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI), and considered the following specifications: decay rate, and input and output constraints. Moreover, the design of a state observer, also based on LMIs, to obtain a continuous-time regulator with an observer in the operation at 60◦ was presented. Due to the necessity of implementation in hardware, a new method to obtain a discrete-time T-S model of plants described by continuous-time nonlinear T-S models, considering small sampling periods was proposed. Another new methodology was proposed to design continuous-time regulators and observers, through the signal tracking (leg position of paraplegics) and the use of virtual variables. This procedure allows the tracking of the angular position, without the design of a new controller for each operation point. A new method for the identification of T-S local models, where the input is a step and the system operates around the operation point of the wanted local model was proposed. This procedure is based on LMI. Other new method, using state-derivative feedback, was proposed for the control of the leg position of a paraplegic patient, described by a T-S model, using only accelerometers as sensors. All the simulated results in this thesis show that the proposed procedures are efficient and offer good results to this control problem class.<br>Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira<br>Coorientador: Aparecido Augusto de Carvalho<br>Banca: Erica Regina Marani Daruichi Machado<br>Banca: Neusa Augusto Pereira da Silva<br>Banca: Vilma Alves de Oliveira<br>Banca: Walter Germanovix<br>Doutor
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Turcio, Karina Helga Leal. "Efeito do tratamento fisioterápico sobre as vibrações das articulações temporomandibulares (ATMs) de pacientes com hipermobilidade condilar /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97405.
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Orientador: Alício Rosalino Garcia<br>Banca: Osvaldo Luiz Bezzon<br>Banca: Eulália Maria Martins da Silva<br>Resumo: Os ruídos articulares são sinais que caracterizam a presença de algumas desordens temporomandibulares ou instabilidade articular, porém também podem estar presentes em indivíduos sem sintomatologia dolorosa ou disfunção, representando assim um grande desconforto social. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a energia vibratória e o pico de amplitude das vibrações das articulações temporomandibulares com estalo no final da abertura bucal de 15 pacientes com hipermobilidade condilar e avaliar o efeito do tratamento através de exercícios de resistência para o fortalecimento dos músculos da mastigação associados a estímulo elétrico. A intensidade vibratória nos pacientes foi comparada àquela verificada em um grupo de referência constituído de 15 indivíduos assintomáticos antes e após tratamento. Os registros das vibrações articulares foram realizados através de eletrovibratografia, durante os ciclos de abertura e fechamento bucal no momento da consulta, aos 60 e 120 dias de tratamento. Através dos testes "t" de student e do teste de Tukey verificou-se que as vibrações articulares foram significantemente maiores no final da abertura e início do fechamento bucal tanto no momento da consulta quanto após tratamento. No entanto houve uma redução significante em todas as fases dos ciclos de abertura e fechamento bucal após 120 dias de fortalecimento muscular indicando um sucesso terapêutico. Verificou-se também que mesmo após a significativa redução as vibrações nos pacientes permaneceram mais intensas que no grupo assintomático.<br>Abstract: The articular sounds are signs that characterizes a temporomandibular disorder or articular instability. However they also exist in persons without pain or dysfunction, and can represent a social discomfort. The aim of this study was to quantify the vibratory energy and amplitude peak of vibrations from temporomandibular joints with sounds at maximal mouth opening of 15 patients and analyses the effect of treatment with resistance exercises for the strengthening of masticatory muscles associated with electrical stimulation doing a comparison of the vibratory intensities registered in the first contact with the patient and after 60 and 120 days of treatment and also compare this results with non symptomatic ones. Vibratory registers during opening and closing movements were done with electrovibratographic exam. It was verified using 't' student test and Tukey test that articular vibrations were significantly more intense in the end of opening and beginning of closing movements in the consult and after treatment. However vibrations reduced significantly after 120 days of muscular strengthening. Even after this reduction, vibrations of pacients weren't similar to ones of non symptomatic persons.<br>Mestre
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Kennerly, Richard C. "Changes in Quantitative EEG and Low Resolution Tomography Following Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5364/.
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The effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on human EEG and brain current density were evaluated by quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). A total of 72 research subjects were provided with a single session of CES, 38 were provided with 0.5 Hz CES while 34 were provided with 100 Hz CES. The qEEG paired t-tests revealed that in both frequencies of CES there was a significant (.05) increase in alpha relative power with concomitant decreases in delta and beta relative power. The 0.5 Hz CES decreased a wider frequency range of delta activity, while the 100 Hz CES decreased a wider frequency range of beta activity; suggesting some difference may exist in the EEG response to different frequencies of CES. The changes found in qEEG relative power were consistent with the affective and cognitive effects of CES reported in the literature, such as increased relaxation and decreased anxiety. Statistically significant changes for qEEG values other than relative power, such as coherence, amplitude asymmetry, phase lag and power ratios were also found. The LORETA paired t-tests found statistically significant (.05) increases in cortical and subcortical theta and alpha frequency current density with concomitant decreases in delta and beta current density. The effects of CES on current density varied by frequency, but did not show a differential in response based on proximity to the contacts, or structures within the brain. Statistically significant changes in current density were found in all 2394 gray matter voxels represented by LORETA, indicating a whole brain response to the CES stimulus. The qEEG and LORETA findings revealed that a single 20-minute session of CES does have a significant effect on the cortical and subcortical activity of the human brain resulting in activity consistent with decreased anxiety and increased relaxation.
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Bortoluzzi, Neida Lucas. "Cicatrização em pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) alimentados com ração suplementada com cromo trivalente e parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95961.
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Orientador: Flávio Ruas de Moraes<br>Banca: Claudinei da Cruz<br>Banca: Mauricio Laterça Martins<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho foi avaliada a cinética da evolução do processo cicatricial em Piaractus mesopotamicus alimentados com ração suplementada por cromo trivalente e/ou parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, distribuídos ao acaso em quatro grupos; T1= controle sem suplemento; T2= com 0,3% de parede celular; T3= com 0,3% parede celular +18 mg de cromo trivalente/kg de ração; T4= com 18 mg de cromo trivalente/kg de ração. Após o período de alimentação de 105 dias, foram realizadas incisões na pele para a remoção da epiderme e derme. A avaliação do processo cicatricial foi realizada macroscopicamente e microscopicamente após um, três, sete, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias de induzir as lesões. Na avaliação macroscópica foi utilizada a área de retração da ferida representativa da média de cada grupo. Para avaliação microscópica foram retirados fragmentos de pele do bordo superior até o inferior incluindo a musculatura. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, e quando significativos foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. No exame macroscópico e na análise histológica, as lesões dos animais que receberam ração suplementada por parede celular de S. cerevisiae ou cromo trivalente os eventos do processo cicatricial foram antecipados em relação ao grupo controle. A área de retração das feridas apresentou diferença entre os dias de avaliação demonstrando um aumento progressivo da velocidade do processo cicatricial, entretanto sem diferenças entre os grupos. A espessura da epiderme e derme, o número de células caliciformes e de neovasos não diferiram entre os grupos, contudo demonstraram a evolução do processo cicatricial nos diferentes tempos avaliados.<br>Abstract: This study evaluated the kinetics of the evolution of the healing process in P. mesopotamicus fed with ration supplemented with trivalent chromium and/or cell wall of S. cerevisiae, distributed at random into four groups; T1 = control without supplement, T2 = with 0.3% of the cell wall, T3 = with 0.3% cell wall +18 mg of trivalent chromium/kg diet, T4 = with 18 mg of trivalent chromium/kg diet. After the feeding period of 105 days, incisions were made in the skin to remove the epidermis and dermis. The evaluation of the healing process was performed macroscopically and microscopically after one, three, seven, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days induction of injuries. For macroscopical evaluation was used the rate of retraction of the wound representative of the average of each group. For microscopical evaluation pieces of skin were removed from the upper to the lower including muscle. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and when significant were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. On macroscopic examination and histological analysis, the lesions of animals fed with ration supplemented with cell wall of S. cerevisiae or trivalent chromium the events of the healing process were anticipated in the control group. The area of wound retraction was different between the days of valuation showing a progressive increase of speed the healing process, however without differences between groups. The thickness of the epidermis and dermis, the number of goblet cells and neovascularization didn't differ between groups, although, demonstrated the evolution of the healing process in different moments.<br>Mestre
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Mcmillan, Isobel. "Stimulating reading : a behavioural and electrophysiological investigation of the impact of brain stimulation in developmental dyslexia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/stimulating-reading-a-behavioural-and-electrophysiological-investigation-of-the-impact-of-brain-stimulation-in-developmental-dyslexia(d4a55832-44ec-4613-be50-2f7b8690180a).html.
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Developmental dyslexia is a disorder of reading which is associated with reduced left lateralisation of the temporoparietal cortex (TPC), an area associated with phonology and subword processing. This thesis aimed to explore differences between dyslexics and non-impaired controls using behavioural measures of reading aloud and electrophysiological measures of brain activation. It also investigated the impact of left lateralising transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over TPC on both of these populations' behaviour and brain activity. While recent studies have found that left lateralising tDCS to the TPC can improve reading in dyslexics, no study to date has compared the relative effects of this tDCS montage on dyslexics and controls, or on different word types. Therefore, in Chapter 2 we first sought to examine the effects of left lateralising tDCS on reading aloud regular, exception, and nonwords in both dyslexics and controls. Results showed a significant increase in accuracy after active stimulation for nonwords in both dyslexics and controls. This increase was larger in dyslexics. Dyslexics also showed increased accuracy in exception words. These results demonstrate that left lateralisation tDCS can significantly enhance reading performance, and that it may be redressing underlying deficits Based on these findings, Chapter 3 and 4 sought to investigate underlying neural differences, using electroencephalography (EEG), between dyslexics and controls during reading aloud, and the associated neural changes which occur with reading improvement after stimulation. This revealed significant abnormalities in an early P1 component associated with visual attention. Stimulation reduced the heightened P1 and increased left lateralisation of N170 in response to nonwords in dyslexics. These results show a normalisation of attentional focus when processing visually presented nonwords after active stimulation, and a normalisation of lateralisation of the N170, a component associated with orthographic processing, and known to show reduced left lateralisation in dyslexic readers. In order to further explore the differences between dyslexics and controls, and the effects of tDCS, in Chapter 5, 6, and 7 we used an artificial orthographic learning task. This task enabled us to mimic the early stages of learning. Behavioural results revealed that dyslexics had a reduced ability to pick up on subword consistency manipulations which was improved with active stimulation. Similarly, to results for familiar items in Chapters 3 and 4, EEG responses to newly learnt artificial items revealed laterality abnormalities in P1 and N170 components associated with visual attention and orthographic processing. This shows that abnormalities in attentional focus and orthography to phonology processing are present in dyslexics in early stages of learning. Taken together, the results of this thesis demonstrate the potential of tDCS to improve reading ability in dyslexics, but also to explore the underlying neural underpinnings of reading and other higher cognitive processes.
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Ramaraju, Sriharsha. "Regarding the effect of stimulation on EEG based brain computer." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2018. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/regarding-the-effect-of-stimulation-on-eeg-based-brain-computer(d5bb866a-a0cc-4aed-b059-28c3ab4d751c).html.
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It has been estimated that 15 million individuals around the world experience the ill effects of neural disabilities every year. Neural disabilities can affect motor control, such as Locked in Syndrome or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, whereas other affect working memory, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. However, recent research has show that mental rehearsal of physical movement tasks may remain intact following higher centre damage, and as such represents a new opportunity to accessing the motor system and using it to control devices. Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) captures the brain's electrical activity and translates it into real time electrical outputs, independent of the orthodox output pathways of peripheral nervous system and muscles. Utilising the brain's electrical activity BCI has the potential to significantly enhance the lives of many individuals suffering from neurological disorders. Unfortunately, the electrical activity associated with motor activity in these individuals can be lower than normal, with acute cortical infarcts decreasing the alpha wave oscillations for the affected pericentral sensorimotor areas. This has brought into doubt whether the intensity of brain signals in these individuals can be large enough to be used as a BCI system control signal for biofeedback training. This thesis aims to examine both if alternative EEG signal can be used and if externally applied neuromodulation can facilitate the process.
Books on the topic "Stimulation. eng"
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Howells, Pauline. An empirical study of cortical EEG response to olfactory stimulation using a multidimensional approach. typescript, 1992.
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Salansky, Norman. Endogenous opioid peptide level changes under electrostimulation and their assessment by the EEG. [s.n.], 1994.
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Hotson, Suzanne. A longitudinal study of cortical EEG to olfactory stimulation: Involving inter- and intra- subjective responses. typescript, 1993.
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Shafi, Mouhsin M., and M. Brandon Westover. EEG Activation Methods. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0010.
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Activation procedures are commonly employed to increase the diagnostic yield of electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with suspected epilepsy. This chapter reviews the effects and utility of hyperventilation, intermittent photic stimulation, and color/pattern stimulation on the EEG in patients with epilepsy and other neurological disorders. In theory, the greater the number of different activation methods used in EEG evaluation of an epilepsy patient, the greater the chance of obtaining abnormal findings. However, the specificity of these findings for epilepsy is uncertain. Furthermore, from a practical point of view, desirable activations are those methods that can be carried out easily and systematically, in a short time frame, with affordable equipment, without undesirable side effects for patients, and with reliable and predictive results. At this time, hyperventilation and intermittent photic stimulation are the most widely used activation methods and have an extensive body of literature supporting them.
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Shils, Jay L., Sepehr Sani, Ryan Kochanski, Mena Kerolus, and Jeffrey E. Arle. Recording Techniques Related to Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders and Responsive Stimulation for Epilepsy. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0038.
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Neuromodulation therapies are now common treatments for a variety of medically refractory disorders, including movement disorders and epilepsy. While surgical techniques for each disorder vary, electricity is used by both for relieving symptoms. During stereotactic placement of the stimulating electrode, either deep brain stimulation electrodes or cortical strip electrodes, intraoperative neurophysiology is used to localize the target structure. This physiology includes single-unit recordings, neurostimulation evoked response evaluation, and intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) to ensure the electrode leads are in the optimal location. Because the functional target for the responsive neurostimulator is more easily visualized on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, intraoperative physiology is used more as a confirmatory tool, in contrast to the more functional localization-based use during electrode placement for movement disorders. This chapter discusses surgical placement of the electrodes for each procedure and the physiological guidance methodology used to place the leads in the optimal location.
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Stimulating Low-Carbon Vehicle Technologies. OECD, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789282102978-en.
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Hunter, Jennifer M., and Thomas Fuchs-Buder. Neuromuscular blockade and reversal. Edited by Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0016.
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Over the past 70 years since the introduction of d-tubocurarine, the search for an ideal neuromuscular blocking agent has led to the development of the depolarizing drug, succinylcholine (suxamethonium), with its rapid onset of action and plasma metabolism, and a series of non-depolarizing agents of which there are two groups: benzylisoquinoliniums (e.g. atracurium, cisatracurium and mivacurium) and aminosteroidal agents (e.g. pancuronium, vecuronium and rocuronium). The need to monitor neuromuscular block perioperatively to ensure the appropriate dose of any neuromuscular blocking drug is given has led to the development of several nerve stimulation techniques. Particularly useful clinically are the train-of-four twitch response, double-burst stimulation, and the post-tetanic count. Their benefits and limitations are considered in this chapter. The most suitable equipment to monitor neuromuscular block and the appropriate anatomical sites for stimulation are discussed. To prevent residual block with its pathophysiological consequences such as upper airway and pharyngeal dysfunction and potential respiratory failure at the end of surgery, antagonizing agents are used. These are of two types: anticholinesterases such as neostigmine and edrophonium, and the γ-cyclodextrin, sugammadex. The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of neuromuscular blocking drugs and their antagonists are altered by the extremes of age, obesity, and several disease states including renal and hepatic failure, neuromuscular disorders, and critical illness. The altered response to all these drugs in these pathologies, which is related to their metabolism and excretion, is considered in detail, together with their other side-effects including the particular disadvantages to the use of succinylcholine.
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Hari, MD, PhD, Riitta, and Aina Puce, PhD. MEG-EEG Primer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497774.001.0001.
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This book provides newcomers and more experienced researchers with the very basics of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG)—two noninvasive methods that can inform about the neurodynamics of the human brain on a millisecond scale. These two closely related methods are addressed side by side, starting from their physical and physiological bases and then advancing to methods of data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. Special attention is paid to careful experimentation, guiding the readers to differentiate brain signals from various biological and non-biological artifacts and to ascertain that the collected data are reliable. The strengths and weaknesses of MEG and EEG are presented relative to each other and to other available brain-imaging methods. Necessary instrumentation and laboratory set-ups, as well as potential pitfalls in data collection and analysis are discussed. Spontaneous brain rhythms and evoked responses to sensory and multisensory stimulation are covered and examined both in healthy individuals and in various brain disorders, such as epilepsy. MEG/EEG signals related to motor, cognitive, and social events are discussed as well. The integration of MEG and EEG information with other methods to assess human brain function is discussed with respect to the current state-of-the art in the field. The book ends with a look to future developments in equipment design, and experimentation, emphasizing the role of accurate temporal information for human brain function.
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Mills, Kerry R., ed. Oxford Textbook of Clinical Neurophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.001.0001.
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The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Neurophysiology provides a comprehensive account from world experts of the modern practice of the specialty. It deals with the full range of techniques giving the underpinning basic science and clinical use. The importance of clinical skills, as well as technical expertise are emphasized. Section I reviews the physiology of nerve, muscle, and cortex, and the digital techniques used to study them. Section II discusses the techniques for nerve conduction, electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography, evoked potentials, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, including axonal excitability measurement, reflex studies, sleep studies pelvic floor neurophysiology and intracranial EEG. Section III reviews focal and generalized neuropathy, nerve, root, and plexus lesions, neuromuscular junction disorders, muscle disease, paediatric conditions, neurodegenerations, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and EMG-guided botulinum toxin therapy. Section IV reviews generalized and focal epilepsy, status epilepticus, coma, presurgical evaluation for epilepsy, syncope, paediatric conditions, sleep disorders and intraoperative monitoring. This title incudes video content and is written for trainees and trainers in clinical neurophysiology.
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Katirji, Bashar. Specialized Electrodiagnostic Studies. Edited by Bashar Katirji. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.003.0003.
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In addition to nerve conduction nerve studies and needle EMG, the clinical EMG study include more specialized examinations Some of the tests, such as the F waves and H reflexes are now often used as part of the routine nerve conduction studies. Others are utilized for specific indications: Repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber EMG are used predominantly in patients with suspected neuromuscular junction disorders such as myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome or botulism; the blink reflexes are used in patients with disorders of the facial and trigeminal nerves as well as brainstem conditions. This chapter covers the late responses, including the F waves, H reflexes and blink reflexes and their applications in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders. This is a followed by a discussion of the basic concepts of slow and rapid repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber EMG, as well as their applications in the diagnosis of neuromuscular junction disorders.
Book chapters on the topic "Stimulation. eng"
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Bonelli, Paolo, Giorgio Guidotti, Enrico Paolini, and Giulio Spinucci. "Pacemaker Stimulation Criticism at ECG." In New Concepts in ECG Interpretation. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91677-4_16.
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Casarotto, Silvia, Angela Comanducci, Simone Sarasso, Matteo Fecchio, Mario Rosanova, and Marcello Massimini. "The Potential of nTMS/EEG: Measuring Consciousness." In Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Neurosurgery. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54918-7_15.
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Bruwier, S., V. Pâques, I. Poot, et al. "Stimulation de l’oralité." In Soins de développement en période néonatale. Springer Paris, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0529-0_13.
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Gordon, Pedro C., and Ulf Ziemann. "TMS-Evoked EEG Response in Neuropsychiatric Disorders." In Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76136-3_6.
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Leatherman, G. F., T. L. Shook, S. M. Leatherman, and Wilson S. Colucci. "Use of a conductance catheter to detect increased left ventricular inotropic state by end-systolic pressure-volume analysis." In Inotropic Stimulation and Myocardial Energetics. Steinkopff, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07908-9_24.
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Fine, Thomas, Donna Mills, and John Turner. "Differential Effects of Wet and Dry Flotation REST on EEG Frequency and Amplitude." In Clinical and Experimental Restricted Environmental Stimulation. Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8583-7_22.
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Sidorov, Konstantin, Natalya Bodrina, and Natalya Filatova. "EMG and EEG Pattern Analysis for Monitoring Human Cognitive Activity during Emotional Stimulation." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81200-3_7.
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Rantanen, Ville, Antti Vehkaoja, and Jarmo Verho. "Stimulation Waveform Selection to Suppress Functional Electrical Stimulation Artifact from Surface EMG Signals." In EMBEC & NBC 2017. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5122-7_106.
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Vaitl, D., and H. Gruppe. "Baroreceptor Stimulation and Changes in EEG and Vigilance." In Baroreceptor Reflexes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76366-3_13.
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Richter, Erich O., Marina V. Abramova, and Kenneth M. Alò. "EMG/SSEP Monitoring During Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Stimulation." In Atlas of Implantable Therapies for Pain Management. Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88567-4_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Stimulation. eng"
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Liu, Sican, Pengcheng Xi, Yiran Lang, Rongyu Tang, Jiping He, and Luyao Chen. "A novel neural interfacing electrode array for electrical stimulation and simultaneous recording of EEG/EMG/ENG." In 2019 4th International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciibms46890.2019.8991516.
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Padmanathan, Yasotha, Maryam Pourmajidian, Hasliza Yusoff, et al. "Assessment of muscle performance using vibromyography (VMG) and electromyography(EMG)." In 2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifess.2014.7036762.
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"A Serious Game Application using EEG-based Brain Computer Interface." In Special Session on Brain-computer Interfaces and Brain Stimulation for Neurorehabilitation. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004678102490255.
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Poppendieck, Wigand, Klaus-Peter Hoffmann, Eduardo Rocon, et al. "Multi-channel EMG recording and muscle stimulation electrodes for diagnosis and treatment of tremor." In 2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifess.2014.7036739.
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Rahman, K. A. A., B. S. K. K. Ibrahim, M. Mahadi Abdul Jamil, et al. "Positioning of EEG electrodes for BCI-FES control system development of knee joint movement for paraplegic." In 2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifess.2014.7036767.
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Mukhopadhyay, Rupsha, Manjunatha Mahadevappa, Prasanna Kumar Lenka, and Abhishek Biswas. "Effect of FES in rehabilitation of cerebral palsy children by analysis of surface EMG in tibialis anterior muscle." In 2014 IEEE 19th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Annual Conference (IFESS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifess.2014.7036755.
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Medini, L., P. Maderna, E. Tremoli, and C. Galli. "PLATELETS FROM TYPE IIA HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC PATIENTS GENERATE MORE INOSITOLPHOSPHATES AFTER THROMBIN STIMULATION IN COMPARISON WITH THOSE OF NORMAL SUBJECTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643415.
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Functional and biochemical responses of platelets to stimulating agents have been reported to be amplified in several pathological conditions, including hyperlipidemia. Enhanced aggregation and thromboxane formation are, e.g. frequently observed in the presence of high plasma cholesterol levels (type Ila hypercholesterolemia). Stimulation of phosphoinositides breakdown through specific phosphohydrolases (phospholipase C) resulting in the formation of inositolphosphates (IPs), is one of the early events in platelet activation. A study was thus designed in order to investigate IPs generation in thrombin stimulated platelets from type Ila hypercholesterolemic patients in comparison with a group of normocholesterolemic subjects. Preparation of washed platelets, prelabelling with 2[3H] myo inositol and separation of lipid and water soluble inositides was carried out according to Watson et al (1). Product generation (inositoltrisphosphate, IP3; inositolbisphosphate, IP2; inositol mono phosphate, IP) in relation to the 2[3H) inositol incorporated in phosphoinositides was evaluated at 10 and 90 s after platelet stimulation with 1 U/ml NIH in the presence of 10 mM lithium chloride. The major differences found in platelets from type Ila patients in comparison with those of controls were the following:1) in non stimulated platelets a greater incorporation of myoinositol in phosphoinositides and lower levels of labelled IP2; 2) after stimulation, the levels of all labelled IPs were significantly greater, and those of IP2 were double than in controls. In particular the percent increment of IP2 over basal values in platelets of type Ila patients was more than two fold greater. It is concluded that the enhanced generation of IPs in platelets from type IIa patients, following thrombin stimulation, may contribute to the greater sensitivity to agonists of the aggregatory process in this pathological condition.1) Watson P.S., McConnell R.T. and Lapetina E.G., J. Biol. Chem.21:13199, 1984
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Ali, Adiba, and Yi-Xian Qin. "Inhibition of Bone Loss and Muscle Atrophy by Dynamic Muscle Contractions With Rest Periods in a Functional Disuse Mouse Model." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193066.
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Osteoporosis, induced by aging and long-term disuse, often occurs together with muscle loss. Musculoskeletal disuse causes severe physiologic changes and it has been proposed the synergistic effects of muscle function and bone adaptation. Bone fluid flow has been shown to be induced during mechanical loading, and is proposed to be a critical mediator of bone adaptation. The skeletal muscle may serve as a muscle pump that may mediate bone mechanotransduction via modulation of intramedullary pressure. Thus, muscular stimulation is proposed to be used to simultaneously treat both muscle and bone loss, but the optimal parameters required for such treatment is unclear. Studies have separately investigated the optimal signal parameters for bone or muscle. Insertion of recovery periods during high frequency stimulations have shown potential to reduce muscle atrophy by minimizing fatigue and mimicking physiologic contractions, and demonstrated enhancement of bone remodeling. Our preliminary research has indicated that dynamic muscle contractions within an optimal frequency range can significantly recover disuse induced bone loss. However, the optimal rest periods required to prevent muscle fatigue during stimulations are not clear. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate optimized dynamic muscle stimulations at relatively high frequency, e.g., 20 Hz, and to test the role of varying the rest duration on muscle mass and bone morphology in a functional hind limb disuse mouse model.
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Yuldashev, Zafar, Anatoli Nemirko, Evgeny Mikhaylov, et al. "Prediction of Local Abnormal Ventricular Myocardial Electrical Activation on Surface ECG in Patients with Structural Heart Disease." In Special Session on Non-invasive Diagnosis and Neuro-stimulation in Neurorehabilitation Tasks. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009374103950401.
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Boyle, Michael R., and Flavio Frohlich. "EEG feedback-controlled transcranial alternating current stimulation." In 2013 6th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner.2013.6695891.
Full textReports on the topic "Stimulation. eng"
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Torres-Mancera, Rocio, Carlos de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carmen Jambrino-Maldonado, and Patricia P. Iglesias-Sanchez. Public Relations and the Fundraising professional in the Cultural Heritage Industry: a study of Spain and Mexico / Las relaciones públicas y el profesional de la captación de fondos en la industria del patrimonio cultural: un estudio de España y México. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-21-2021-03-27-48.
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The present research aims to understand the current situation of strategic communication and public relations applied in the professional field of fundraising in the cultural heritage environment. It observes the current patterns used in the sector to obtain and generate long-term sustainable funding, through the stimulation of investors and International Cooperation projects from the European Union in line with UNESCO. Two international case studies are compared: Spain and Mexico, through the selection of territorial samples in Malaga and San Luis Potosi. The methodology used is based on a combination of in-depth interviews with key informants and content analysis. In the first instance, the degree of application of communication and public relations tools for strategic purposes to directly attract economic resources to the management of cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) in the region is studied. In line with the results obtained, the current parameters and key indicators of the profile of the fundraising professional in public and private cultural management are presented.