Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stimuli de deuxième ordre'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 37 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Stimuli de deuxième ordre.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Kanniche, Mohamed. "Modèle de turbulence au deuxième ordre : écoulements complexes ou stratifiés." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECDL0001.
Full textLeloup, Benoît. "L'incertitude de deuxième ordre en économie : le compromis "exploration-exploitation"." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DENS0013.
Full textAmmari, Kaïs. "Stabilisation d'une classe d'équations d'évolution du deuxième ordre en temps." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0001.
Full textMathault, Jessy. "Adaptation d'un algorithme de deuxième ordre pour l'analyse haute-résolution de courbes électrochimiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30266.
Full textThis master's thesis describes a new method for analyzing cyclic voltammetry curves for an efficient peak detection and automatic baseline substraction. This method uses two distinct algorithms for a precise characterization of Gaussian redox peaks which are correlated with molecules' concentration in a solution. First, significant improvements are made to an existing algorithm that uses iterative polynomial approximations to suppress the baseline automatically from the voltammetric curves. With these enhancements, the algorithm extracts redox peaks from cyclic voltammetry measurements automatically and allows a better representation of the variation of peak's amplitude according to concentration. In addition, the approximation errors are reduced compared to the initial algorithm. Then, the development of an algorithm for characterizing Gaussian peaks based on the MUSIC second-order algorithm is presented. This algorithm is adapted to characterize the number, position, width and amplitude of redox peaks with high accuracy. Finally, the performances of this algorithm are compared with those of other similar algorithms using simulated and experimental curves. The suggested algorithm leads to a better characterization of non-overlapping peaks as well as distorted peaks. It also reduces the frequency of false detections and allows the precise measurement of peaks' positions in noisy signals.
Monnereau, Cyrille. "Synthèse de nouveaux matériaux organiques et organo-métalliques pour l'optique non-linéaire du deuxième-ordre." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2059.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis of new materials for second order nonlinear optical applications. The first section concerned the synthesis on a 10 g scale and the complete study of a cross-linkable model polymer made of an azo-chromophore (DR1). The cross-linking mechanism has been characterized. The evolution of its UV-vis spectrum has been fully rationalized by a theoretical study. In a second section a new cross-linkable polymer has been developped, which includes a " push-pull " porphyrinic chromophore (1. 06= 3500. 10-30 esu). An efficient synthetic route for the preparation of this polymer has been developped. Thin-films of this material have been spin-coated on glass subtracts. The third section concerned the synthesis of terpyridine platinum complexes acting as a link between an electron-rich and an electron-poor ligand. Several complexes of this kind have been synthesised
Chauvin, Jérôme. "Molécules et matériaux polymères photochromes pour l'optique non linéaire du deuxième ordre: orientation, stabilité et photo-commutation." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0041.
Full textThe second order non linear optical properties (NLO) of polymers are due to an anisotropic distribution of suitable chromophores inside the polymer matrix. The pre-requisite of a non centrosymmetrical ordering of theses chromophores is still a topical question, because the poled-order decay is an irreversible process which tends to annihilate the nonlinear optical response of the material. One part of this work deals with the use of high Tg side-chain DR 1-polyimide to improve the orientational stability. Relaxation of polar orientation has been related to relaxation processes measured by second harmonic generation. The stability is very good after 10 hours at 120°C and the lifetime at room temperature is estimated to more than one year. This polar relaxation could be due to a sub-Tg transition located around 120°C by dielectric measurements. In a second part, we focus on the coupling of the NLO and photochromism effects. We used the photo-assisted poling method to orient the DR1 inside the polyimide matrix. This method has the advantage to induce no thermal degradation of the NLO active chromophores. Indeed, as thermal poling must be made at temperature near Tg, it usually leads to a substantial chemical degradation of organic chromophore in general and of azobenzene derivatives such as DR1 in particular, specially in polyimides which have Tg near 250°C. To realise a photoswitching of the NLO properties, we have synthesized a diarylethene with electron donnor and acceptor substituents. The studies of its properties has been made in solution and in polymer thin film. It shows the possible photoinduced of the NLO signal of a poly methyl methacrylate film doped with the diarylethene
El, Ouazzani Hasnaa. "Propriétés optiques non linéaires du deuxième et troisième ordre de nouveaux systèmes organiques conjugués de type push-pull." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990867.
Full textMigalska-Zalas, Anna. "Etude des effets optiques du deuxième et troisième ordre photo induits dans des complexes alkynyls à base de ruthénium." Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0022.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to the theoretical and experimental studies of Photo-induced second and third order optical effects in ruthenium alkynyl push pull complexes. The main goal of this work was to determine the influence of the chemical structures of the organometallic compounds on the second and third-order nonlinear optical properties using optically and acoustically induced second harmonic generation (AISHG) and degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) experiments. The investigation of kinetics of the third order nonlinear optical processes in organometallic complexes is also presented. The alkynyl ruthenium derivatives were embedded in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) polymer matrix. We showed that the influence of the polymer matrix play crucial role for the kinetics of the observed behaviour in the Ru-containing chromophore. The originality of this work consists especially on judicious choice of studied compound according to their potential applications in optoelectronics. We showed a good correlation between the chemical structures and the nonlinear optical properties. We also demonstrate their potentiality for the applications in nonlinear optics (SHG, AISHG,THG) and recently as like optical memories in picoseconds regime
LEJEUNE, BERNARD. "Modèles à erreurs composées et hétérogénéité variable : modélisation, estimation par pseudo-maximum de vraisemblance au deuxième ordre et tests de spécification." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA122007.
Full textThis thesis considers some econometric issues associated with the modelisation of the heterogeneity of individual behaviors when working with microeconomic panel data. Its purpose is twofold. First, to propose and discuss an extension of the standard error components model which allows to take into account and account for phenomenons of variable heterogeneity. Second, to provide, for its estimation and specification testing, a set of integrated inferential procedures taking explicitly into account a possible misspecification of the assumed form of heterogeneity. The thesis is composed of four chapters. In a very general framework which includes error components models as a special case, chapter 1 establishes the conditions under which second order pseudo-maximum likelihood estimators of a second order semi-parametric model are robust to conditional variance misspecification, and investigates their asymptotic properties. Remaining in the same general framework than chapter 1, chapter 2 describes how, from such a robust estimator, to take advantage of the 'm-testing' approach to extensively test, with or without explicit alternative, the specification of second order semi-parametric models. Chapter 3 exposes and discusses the proposed extension of the standard error components model and, using the general results obtained in the first two chapters, shows how to estimate and test this model in a robust way. Finally, chapter 4 illustrates the practical usefulness of the provided results. This illustration consists in production functions estimation and specification testing, and is based on an incomplete panel dataset of 824 french firms observed over the period 1979-1988 (5201 observations)
East-Lavoie, Simon. "Adaptation d'un algorithme de deuxième ordre pour la détection de pulse sans information de quadrature par le principe du temps de vol." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27484.
Full textBy using the time-of-flight principle, a system emitting a pulse is able to measure the distance of a target by calculating the echoes' delays returned by the obstacles. Some complex detection situations must be solved, such as two targets producing overlapping echoes. The goal of the detection algorithm is to distinguish targets with overlapping echoes, with a good precision and a good immunity to noise, using real signals, which only the enveloppe's amplitude information is available. The created algorithm is based on the MUSIC algorithm. The later is not working as it is, because of the signals' properties. An adaptation is created, and then optimized. The most substantial improvement comes from the decorrelation processing applied on the signals' covariance matrix. The effect is a decorrelation of the sources, allowing the algorithm to distinguish targets with overlapping echoes. Also, most of the decorrelation techniques help to detect echoes with low SNRs. Another improvement concerns the measurement resolution, which is better than just the sample period. The algorithm's performances exceed those of our industrial partner algorithms and those of commonly used detection methods. The ultimate goal of the project is to integrate the developped algorithm into our industrial partner's system. It has to be real time application, and to respect the cost and ressources constaints of the system. Consequently, some optimizations of the algorithm were required. Some specific properties of the covariance matrix allowed a decrease of the memory space to save its data. This way, the number of matrix's data saved represents less than 5% of the initial covariance matrix. Another optimization is done by using an iterative method for the eigenvalue decomposition, accelerating significantly the processing time. Finally, the algorithm 'sperformances coming out of the comparative tests completed between the adapted MUSIC algorithm and our industrial partner's algorithms demonstrate that the project's goals are fullfilled. The developped algorithm can solve the situation where two targets produce overlapping echoes, while providing a good noise immunity.
Nguyen, Thi Thao. "Synthèse et étude de dérivés porteurs du motif 1,3-dithiole-2-ylidene actifs en optique non linéaire de deuxième et troisième ordre." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0003.
Full textKrier, Joël. "Influences des hétérogénéité élastoplastiques sur les contraintes du deuxième ordre dans les polycristaux métalliques mono- et biphasés : calculs autocohérents - mesures par diffraction X." Metz, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1993/Krier.Joel.SMZ9305.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study influences of elastoplastic heterogeneities on microscopic stress and strain fields in one - and two phased polycrystals. Local stresses and strains are calculated owing to the self consistant scheme of cinematic integral equation linking local and global strains. Elastic strain calculations allow to show second order stresses and to simulate perfectly X-ray diffraction experiments on isotropic materials and materials with crystallographic and morphologic texture. Parallel calculations and diffraction experiments after tensile plastic déformations show that the model is able to predict residual stresses and their evolution during plastic straining, and their influences on X-ray diffraction experiments. The simple model based on the problem of an inclusion in a matrix allows to explain qualitatively the splitting of X-ray diffraction curves after surface machining in multiphased materials, and to link it to the morphology of the constituents for global homogeneous strains
Frankel, Pierre. "Comportement asymptotique de systèmes dynamiques discrets et continus en Optimisation et EDP: algorithmes de minimisation proximale alternée et dynamique du deuxième ordre à dissipation évanescente." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637390.
Full textYasin, Khalil. "La deuxième crise du Golfe et le nouvel ordre oriental à travers la presse de langue arabe (mai 1990-octobre 1991) : étude de relations internationales." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29061.
Full textConstantin, Gabriel. "La détection des cyanobactéries en milieu lacustre par l'étude des anomalies des spectres de réflectance de l'eau." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5697.
Full textPonchie, Mélanie. "Adaptabilité et robustesse des méthodes d'optimisation à l'arrivée de nouvelles contraintes hétérogènes : application à un problème de dimensionnement de réseau de télécommunication." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0036.
Full textThe main subject of this thesis is the study of the integration of flexibility and robustness to optimization methods. Indeed, the resolution of the difficult problems of optimization become more and more effective. However, to reach this effectiveness, the techniques are often very dedicated to an application. There are thus very effective methods of resolution but when an evolution of the problem occure, for instance addition or modification of aconstraint, these methods become much less powerful or even unusable. We thus analyse which are the existing means to make algorithms able to deal with problems whose all characteristics are not given at the time of the development of resolution programs. Our goal is to evaluate how it is possible to develop algorithms able to deal with problems subjected to very heterogeneous constraints, moving in the time, without loss of performance. We attempt to solve these difficulties thanks to various fields of research. Indeed, one of the solutions usually used to combine effectiveness and flexibility is to mix techniques ofs operations research and constraints programming. This is why we start by studying the methods hybridizing these two types of methods. We then expose and model the problem of communication networks design, which is the main application used to test our various hypothesis and experiments. We propose an architecture of resolution for this problem provided by France Telecom R & D which relates to private networks connecting the differents sites of a whole compagny. Part of this architecture of resolution relates to the search of constrainted shortest paths. We propose a method allowing to generate randoms paths uinformly on the set of the constrained shortest paths, thus ensuring some diversity in these paths. We study thereafter the use of logic at the same time like language of expression of the constraints. Indeed, expressing all the constraints pose the first obstacle. A formalization of the problem must be found to state any constraint, the known ones as those which will appear in the future. With regard to the resolution, we examine in particular the translation of the logical formulas towards various paradigms such as tree automatons or the language of specifications NP-SPEC, language of rules allowing to automatically translate the problem described in logic to SAT problem. Finally, we present the results and analyses of the experiments carried out on the target problem. In partucular, we evaluate if the suggested architecture allows to treat different versions from a basic problem, subjected to many heterogeneous constraints and whose characteristics are not known at the beginning
Pham, Anh Tu. "Détermination numérique des propriétés de résistance de roches argileuses." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1237/document.
Full textThe strength capacities of Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) argillite which is a potential host rock for the deep underground repository of high-level radioactive waste in France are investigated. At a micro-scale, micro-pores can be observed in the matrix. A first strength homogenization step has been performed in order to evaluate the matrix strength criteria. The microstructure analysis of this material at some hundreds of micromet scale, referred at meso-scale, shows a clay matrix and a random distribution of mineral inclusions (quartz and calcite).Aiming to the determination of COx argillite strength domain, an FEM numerical tool has been developed in the context of the elastoplastic behavior of the matrix. Several morphological patterns of the representative elementary volume have been considered and subjected to an incremental loading in periodic conditions until collapse occurs. As a result of such elastoplastic calculation, one point of the boundary of the strength domain is obtained. The latter then could be reached by successive elastoplastic calculations.As an alternative to direct elastoplastic simulations, kinematic and static approaches of limit analysis are performed. The stress-based (static approach) and the velocity-based (kinematic approach) finite element method are used to develop a numerical tool able to derive a lower bound and upper bound of strength domain, respectively
Dogaru, Emanuel. "Built-In Self-Test of Flexible RF Transmitters Using Nonuniform Undersampling." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0004/document.
Full textThe advent of increasingly powerful Integrated Circuits (IC) has led to the emergence of the Software Defined Radio (SDR) concept, which brought the sector of secured mobile communications into a new era. The outstanding performance of these systems results from optimal trade-offs among advanced analog/Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry, high-speed reconfigurable digital hardware and sophisticated real-time software. The inherent sophistication of such platforms poses a challenging problem for product testing. Currently deployed industrial test strategies face rising obstacles due to the costlier RF test equipment, longer test time and lack of flexibility. Moreover, an SDR platform is field-upgradeable, which means it will support standards and scenarii not considered during the design phase. Therefore, an in-field test strategy is not anymore 'a nice to have' feature but a mandatory requirement. In this context, our research aims to invent and develop a new test methodology able to guarantee the correct functioning of the SDR platform post-fabrication and over its operational lifetime. The overall aim of our efforts is to reduce post-manufacture test cost of SDR transceivers by leveraging the reconfigurability of the platform.For tactical radio units that must be field-upgradeable without specialized equipment, Built-in Self-Test (BIST) schemes are arguably the only way to ensure continued compliance to specifications. In this study we introduce a novel RF BIST architecture which uses Periodically Nonuniform Sampling (PNS2) of the transmitter (TX) output to evaluate compliance to spectral mask specifications. Our solution supports a stand-alone implementation, is scalable across a wide set of complex specifications and can be easily applied for in-field testing with small added hardware. Compared to existing analog/RF test techniques, this approach is not limited to a given TX architecture and does not rely on an ad-hoc TX model, which makes it ideal for SDR testing
Cots, Olivier. "Contrôle optimal géométrique : méthodes homotopiques et applications." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742927.
Full textGanivet, Amélie. "Étude de l'effet d'un traitement occlusif sur la perception de stimuli de premier et deuxième ordre chez des sujets amblyopes." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15014.
Full textBrosseau-Lachaine, Odile. "Évaluation de la perception visuelle chez le nourrisson et suite à un traumatisme craniocérébral léger chez l'enfant." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6351.
Full textBertone, Armando. "A psychophysical assessment of visual motion processing among high-functioning persons with autism." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14731.
Full textAbdul-Reda, Hassan. "Intégrabilité et superintégrabilité de deuxième ordre dans l'espace Euclidien tridimensionel." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23971.
Full textThe article "A systematic search for nonrelativistic systems with dynamical symetries, Part I" published about 50 years ago started the classification of what is now called superintegrable systems. It was devoted to systems in Euclidean space with more integrals of motion than degrees of freedom. The integrals were all assumed to be second order polynomials in the particle momentum. Here we present some further results on second order superintegrability that are relevant for studies of higher order superintegrability and for superintegrability for systems with vector potentials or for particles with spin.
Larivière, François. "Sur les solutions d'équations différentielles de Stieltjes du premier et du deuxième ordre." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22161.
Full textLegault, Isabelle. "La perception des courbes chez les jeunes et les personnes âgées." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15816.
Full textBussieres, Laurent. "Caractérisation des réponses du PMLS au mouvement de deuxième ordre (modulé par le contraste)." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11787.
Full textVisual perception is not limited to the perception of the quantity of light that reaches the retina. The natural scene is in fact composed of contrast and texture variations which are classified as second-order information (in opposition to first-order for luminance). Moreover, second-order motion (spatiotemporal variation of contrast or texture) can easily be detected in several different species even though it cannot be explained by motion detection mechanisms such as the energy model (Adelson and Bergen). Indeed, second-order motion does not involve any luminance variation and cannot be detected by a classical receptor field based on an energy model. Three models are proposed for second-order detection: a filter-rectify-filter circuit, feature-tracking mechanisms or the presence of early non-linearity in the visual system. It was suggested that first- and second-order decoding are performed by distinct pathways. This theory is still debated, but it is generally accepted that they may be partially separated in the early stages of the visual systems. The majority of electrophysiological studies on second-order perception were performed on monkeys and cats. However, even if the cat’s area 17 and 18 responses were greatly studied, the motion dedicated region, the Posteromedial lateral suprasylvian sulcus (PMLS), is still to be evaluated. We performed extracellular recordings in the PMLS to measure the response profiles of its composing neurons to second-order motion. PMLS first- and second-order profiles are similar, but second-order tunings are less selective. Our data suggest that the PMLS performs form-cue invariant processing and accomplishes a more complex decoding of second-order motion.
Gratton, Frédéric. "Étude comparative de la résistance au glissement de différents boîtiers orthodontiques selon l'inclinaison de deuxième ordre." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14981.
Full textCorbeil, Marie-Ève. "Perception de stimuli de 1er et 2e ordre chez des sujets ayant subi une privation sensorielle suite à des cataractes congénitales unilatérales ou bilatérales." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15815.
Full textAllard, Rémy. "La perception d'attributs visuels de premier et deuxième ordres." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6381.
Full textAllard, Rémy. "Modélisation d'un réseau de neurones humains dans le but de comprendre la dégradation neurale lors du vieillissement." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15011.
Full textBertrand-Rivest, Jessica. "Étude du traitement visuel simple et complexe chez les enfants autistes." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10333.
Full textAtypical perceptual information processing is commonly described in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In the visual modality, influential work with autistic adults suggests altered connectivity within specialized local networks defining the response properties of stimulus-driven mechanisms. This has led to the development of a hypothesis that stipulates that the efficiency of autistic visual perception is contingent on the complexity of the neural network involved (Complexity-specific hypothesis). When several cortical areas must communicate with each other (as in texture-defined perception, also called second-order), reduced sensitivity to visual input is observed in autistic individuals. In contrast, when visual processing predominately relies on the primary visual cortex V1 (as in luminance-defined perception, also called first-order), their sensitivity is either enhanced (stationary stimuli) or intact (moving stimuli). This dissociation in performance is unique to ASD and suggests atypical connectivity within their visual cortex. The precise type of neural alteration remains unknown, however. In addition, studies focusing on younger individuals are needed to define the developmental trajectories of perceptual abilities in autism. This issue is crucial for perceptual theories of ASD. The first experiment aims to investigate whether the dissociation regarding first- and second-order spatial vision is also present in school-aged children with autism. We combined the use of behavioural (psychophysics) and neuroimaging (visual evoked potentials: VEPs) methods. The second experiment was designed to assess the integrity of one type of neural connections that are known to be involved in texture processing: feedback processes from extrastriate areas towards lower hierarchical levels (V1). As such, we used a visual texture segregation task and isolated a texture-segregation specific VEP component that mainly reflects feedback modulation in the visual cortex. Behavioural measures from the first experiment do not reveal differences in visual thresholds between typically developing and autistic children for both luminance- and texture-defined stimuli. With respect to electrophysiology, there is no group difference in brain activity associated with luminance-defined stimuli. However, unlike typical children, autistic children do not reliably show reliable enhancements of brain activity in response to texture-defined stimuli during time-windows more closely associated with second-order processing. These differences emerge after 200 msec post-stimulation and mainly involve extrastriate areas located over occipito-temporal and parietal scalp areas. Regarding the second experiment, the texture-segregation specific VEP component is found to be greatly diminished over the right as compared to the left occipito-lateral cortex in autism, while it shows no hemispheric asymmetry in typically developing children. In summary, in line with the complexity-specific hypothesis, cortical representation of second-order attributes (texture) is atypically reduced in autistic children. This thesis further reveals that altered feedback from extrastriate visual areas to lower areas (V1) is one of the neuronal mechanisms involved in atypical texture processing. In contrast, contrary to the results obtained in adults with autism, first-order vision (luminance) is not found to be superior in autistic children.
Piponnier, Jean-Claude. "Impacts fonctionnels du traumatisme craniocérébral léger sur la vision et l'équilibre postural chez l'adulte." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13911.
Full textMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has complex effects on several brain functions that can be difficult to assess and follow-up. Visual and balance problems are frequently reported after an mTBI. Furthermore, these problems can still affect mTBI individuals far beyond the acute stage of injury. However, standard clinical assessments of vision and balance most often fail to objectivize these symptoms, especially if they are lingering. Moreover, to our knowledge, no longitudinal study investigated either mTBI-related deficits of visual perception per se, or mTBI-related balance deficits in adults. The aim of this project was to determine the nature and duration of the effects of such a traumatism on visual perception as well as on postural stability, by evaluating mTBI and control adults over a one-year period. Exactly the same subjects participated in both experiments, which took place on the same days for every subject. The impact of mTBI on the visual perception of sine-wave gratings defined by first-and second-order characteristics was, first, investigated. Fifteen adults diagnosed with mTBI were assessed at 15 days, 3 months and 12 months after injury. Fifteen matched controls followed the same testing schedule. Reaction times (RTs) for flicker detection and motion direction discrimination were measured. Stimulus contrast of first- and second-order patterns was equated to control for visibility, and correct-response RT means, standard deviations (SDs), medians, and interquartile ranges (IQRs) were calculated. The level of symptoms was also evaluated to compare it to RT data. In general in mTBI, RTs were longer and more variable (ie., larger SDs and IQRs), than those of controls. In addition, mTBI participants’ RTs to first-order stimuli were shorter than those to second-order stimuli, and more irregular for first- than for second-order stimuli in the motion condition. All these observations were made over the 3 sessions. The level of symptoms observed in mTBI was higher than that of control participants and this difference did also persist up to one year after the brain injury, despite an improvement. The second experiment, then, investigated the impact of mTBI on postural control. To achieve that, antero-posterior body sway amplitude (BSA) and postural instability (given by body sway velocity root mean square, vRMS) during upright stance, feet together, on a firm surface, were measured in five different conditions: with eyes closed and in a 3D virtual reality tunnel, either static or sinusoidally moving in the antero-posterior direction at 3 different velocities. Balance measures derived from clinical tests, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2nd edition (BOT-2) and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), were also used. Participants diagnosed with mTBI exhibited more postural instability (i.e. higher body sway vRMS) than control participants at 2 weeks and at 3 months post-injury, regardless of the testing condition. These mTBI-related balance deficits were no longer present one year postinjury. These results also suggest that visual processing impairments revealed in the first experiment might have contributed to mTBI-related balance deficits. Anteroposterior BSA as well as measures derived from clinical tests for balance assessment did not appear to be sensitive enough to quantify postural deficits of mTBI participants. The combination of RT measures with particular stimulus properties appeared to be a highly sensitive method for measuring mTBI-induced visuomotor anomalies, and to provide a fine probe of the underlying mechanisms when the brain is exposed to mild trauma. Likewise, postural instability measures prove to be sensitive enough for measuring mTBI-induced balance deficits. Developing screening tests in this respect intended for early post-mTBI use would be of interest. Also, studying relationships of such deficits with performance in daily life activities, such as school, work, or sports, is crucial in order to determine the functional impacts of these alterations in visuomotor and balance functions.
Lagacé-Nadon, Sarah. "L’intégration de la perception visuelle du mouvement." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2695.
Full textMotion perception ensures the execution of safe navigation, as well as efficient interaction with the environment. As such, it is essential to understand the nature of mechanisms ensuring motion perception, as well as effects of aging on their response. Two studies will be presented. The first aimed at identifying the nature of mechanisms responsible for the perception of fractal rotation, a novel stimulus introduced by Benton et al. (2007). This stimulus has been created to isolate form sensitive mechanisms. Several authors have suggested that second-order motion sensitive mechanisms use position cues to extract motion (Seiffert & Cavanagh, 1998). Hence, the following study aimed at determining whether fractal rotation is analyzed by such mechanisms or not. Results suggest fractal rotation sensitive mechanisms use orientation changes, whereas first-order sensitive mechanisms use energy. Moreover, dissociation between first-order and fractal rotation mechanisms has been observed. The second study aimed at establishing the effect of aging on first- and second-order motion integration. Results indicate second-order sensitive mechanisms would be more affected by aging, than first-order mechanisms. Accordingly, visual functions requiring higher order cortical integration are more likely to be more affected by aging.
Kammoun, Hilda. "Elicitation non-paramétrique de la fonction d'utilité et de l'aversion aux pertes sous l'hypothèse "prospect theory"." Phd thesis, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003225.
Full textGoudreault, Félix Antoine. "Calculs numériques du spectre Raman double-résonant du phosphorène." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22208.
Full textPerreault, Audrey. "The relationship between early and intermediate level spatial vision during typical development and in autism spectrum disorder." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16052.
Full textMost studies investigating visual perception in typically developing populations and in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have assessed lower- (local) and higher-levels (global) of processing in isolation. However, much less is known about the developmental interactions between mechanisms mediating early- and intermediate-level vision in both typically developing populations and in ASD. Based on such premise, the present thesis had two main objectives. The first objective (Study 1) was to evaluate the developmental interplay between low- and intermediate-levels of visual analysis at different periods of typical development (school-age, adolescence and adulthood). The second objective (Study 2) was to evaluate the functional relationship between low- and intermediate-levels of visual analysis in adolescents and adults diagnosed with ASD. Common methodologies were used to assess both objectives. Specifically, sensitivity to slightly curved circles (Radial Frequency Patterns or RFP), defined by luminance or texture information, was measured using a two alternative temporal forced choice procedure. Results obtained in Study 1 demonstrated that local information defining a RFP (mediated by intermediate visual mechanisms) differentially affected sensitivity at different periods of development. Specifically, when the contour was luminance-defined, children performed worse when compared to adolescents and adults only when RFPs targeted a global processing style (few deformations along the RFP’s contour). When RFPs were texture-defined, children’s sensitivity was worse compared to that of adolescents and adults for both local and global conditions. Therefore, timing of adult-like sensitivity to RFPs is dependent on the type of local physical elements defining its global shape. Poor visual integration between low and intermediate visual mechanisms, which could be attributed to immature feedback and horizontal connections as well as under-developed visual cortical areas, may account for such reduced sensitivity in children. Results obtained from Study 2 demonstrated that manipulating the local physical elements of RFPs impacts visual sensitivity in ASD. Specifically, sensitivity to RFPs is unaffected in ASD only when visual analysis is dependent on local deformations of luminance-defined contours. However, sensitivity is reduced for both local and global visual analysis when shapes are texture-defined. Such results suggest that intermediate-level, shape perception in ASD is functionally related to the efficacy with which local physical elements (luminance versus texture) are processed. It is possible that abnormal lateral or feed-forward / feedback connectivity within primary visual areas in ASD, which possibly arise from excitatory / inhibitory signalling imbalance, accounts for differential efficacy with which luminance and texture information is processed in ASD. These results support the hypothesis that atypical higher-level perception in ASD, when present, may have early (local) visual origins.
Favron, Alexandre. "Photo-oxydation et spectroscopie Raman de couches minces de phosphore noir." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21756.
Full text