Journal articles: 'Stochastic meta-frontier'

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Ho, Tin H., Dat T. Nguyen, Thanh Ngo, and Tu D. Q. Le. "Efficiency in Vietnamese Banking: A Meta-Regression Analysis Approach." International Journal of Financial Studies 9, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs9030041.

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This study explains the differences and variances in the efficiency scores of the Vietnamese banking sector retrieved from 27 studies published in refereed academic journals under the framework of meta-regression analysis. These scores are mainly based on frontier efficiency measurements, which essentially are Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) for Vietnamese banks over the period of 2007–2019. The meta-regression is estimated by using truncated regression to obtain bias-corrected scores. Our findings suggest that only the year of publication is positively correlated with efficiency, whilst the opposite is true for the data type, and sample size.

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Choi, Koangsung, Chung Choe, and Daeho Lee. "The Effect of Employing Temporary Workers on Efficiency: Evidence From a Meta-Frontier Analysis." SAGE Open 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 215824402110581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211058199.

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This study examines the impact of employing temporary workers on technical efficiency (TE) by employing stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and meta-frontier analysis (MFA). These two statistical methods yield slightly different, yet empirically meaningful, results. SFA—the more conventional methodology for conducting efficiency analysis—confirms that firms with temporary workers show a somewhat lower level of TE; while MFA, which allows a comparison of TE across groups with heterogeneous technologies, reveals that firms hiring temporary workers are technologically less efficient and have a more pronounced relative gap in efficiency. With the application of MFA, it was observed that firms hiring only temporary workers come farther to the meta-frontier than their counterparts.

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Mariko, Korotoumou, Moussa Macalou, Li Xiangmei, Eunice Matafwali, John-Philippe Essiagnon Alavo, Ekram Abdalgadir Eltom, and Osewe Maurice Omondi. "Stochastic Meta Frontier Analysis of Smallholder Rice Farmers’ Technical Efficiency." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 8 (June 15, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n8p31.

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The aim of this study is to compare the technical efficiency of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Conventional Rice Production System (CRPS) farmers in Mali. Using cross-sectional data for 208 randomly selected rice farmers, the Stochastic Meta Frontier model is applied. The results indicate that the mean technical efficiency is 0.96 and 0.79 for SRI and CRPS respectively. This implies that SRI farmers were more technically efficiency than their counterpart. Similarly, the mean technology gap ratio was 0.98 and 0.91 for SRI and CRPS farmers, respectively. We also find that rice paddy production (SRI) was positively influenced by labor and negatively by organic manure while rice paddy production (CRPS) was positively linked with inorganic fertilizer and land. Further investigation reveals that family labor and flooding level increased the technical inefficiency for SRI adopters whereas education had a negative impact. For the CRSP farmers, the current factors were unable to account for technical inefficiency except age of farm household head. Our study finds strong cause to encourage SRI adoption as it could be the highly searched for solution for farmers to increase their yields and eventually enhance their food security status.

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Kim, Hongbum, Yuri Jo, and Daeho Lee. "R&D, Marketing, Strategic Planning, or Human Resources? Which CEO Career Is Most Helpful for the Economic Sustainability of ICT Startups in South Korea?" Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052729.

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The market performance of a company is greatly influenced by the functional experience of the chief executive. In the case of a small startup, the functional experience of the chief executive is even greater. Based on career data of chief executives, this study first classifies startups in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry into four different groups. In addition, this study analyzes the effect of the CEO’s experience on the market performance of ICT startups by deriving the efficiency of each company using the financial data of ICT startups provided in the database. This study estimates the technical efficiency of each group using stochastic frontier analysis and then uses meta-frontier analysis to compare the efficiency of different groups. As a result, the CEO group with a career in strategy and planning showed the highest meta-frontier efficiency, whereas the CEO group with a career in R&D showed the lowest.

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Shin, Donghyun, Ha-Hyun Jo, and Hyungwoo Lim. "Analysis of Heating Efficiency of Individual Households Using Meta Stochastic Frontier Model." Journal of Korean Economics Studies 38, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46665/jkes.2020.12.38.4.121.

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Bravo-Ureta, Boris E., Daniel Higgins, and Aslihan Arslan. "Irrigation infrastructure and farm productivity in the Philippines: A stochastic Meta-Frontier analysis." World Development 135 (November 2020): 105073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105073.

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Ng’ombe, John N. "Technical efficiency of smallholder maize production in Zambia: a stochastic meta-frontier approach." Agrekon 56, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2017.1409127.

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Molinos-Senante, María, and Alexandros Maziotis. "Cost Efficiency of English and Welsh Water Companies: a Meta-Stochastic Frontier Analysis." Water Resources Management 33, no. 9 (May 27, 2019): 3041–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-019-02287-8.

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Ghroubi, Mohamed, and Ezzeddine Abaoub. "A Meta-Frontier Function for the Estimation of Islamic and Conventional Banks’ Cost and Revenue Efficiency: The Case of Malaysia from 2006 to 2012." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 5 (April 18, 2016): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n5p254.

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<p>We measure cost and revenue efficiency of the Islamic and conventional Malaysian banks by using the stochastic frontier method and the meta-frontier analysis (MFA) over the period 2006-2012. The use of MFA allows for the correction of the efficiency measurement errors caused by the technological and operational gap. The specific as well as the common frontiers obtained by the stochastic frontier method show the superiority of Islamic banks (IBs) compared to conventional banks (CBs) in terms of cost and revenue efficiency. This can reflect their high managerial capability. Efficiency measurement using MFA partially revealed different results. CBs have higher annual averages of cost efficiency scores than those of IBs over the period 2006-2011. The observed evolutionary trends of these averages contradict those of the capital base. This change in results is explained according to Johnes et al. (2013) by the modus operandi of IBs which seems in average less efficient than that of CBs. As for revenue efficiency, IBs are more efficient than CBs over the entire study period even though the evolution of the technological gap ratio confirms the inefficiency of their modus operandi. These results may be useful to political decision-makers and regulatory authorities. ch indicate the complexity of the audited firm and the characteristics of the audit.</p>

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Nguyen, Canh, Minh Le, Khoa Cai, and Michel Simioni. "TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF VIETNAMESE MANUFACTURING FIRMS: DO FDI SPILLOVERS MATTER?" Journal of Business Economics and Management 22, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 518–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2021.14253.

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This paper investigates the spillover effect (backward, forward, and horizontal linkage) of foreign direct investment (FDI) firms on the technical efficiency of local firms. This research extends the literature by employing meta-frontier framework analysis which is superior to single stochastic analysis because each industry has a different combination of inputs (or dissimilar production technology). Using a large data set (178,700 firm-year observations), this paper finds evidence on the negative impact of the horizontal and forward linkages on the meta-technical inefficiency for the data set as a whole as well as in three economic regions, in private owned firms, and capital and labor-intensive sectors in Vietnam.

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Iregui-Bohórquez, A. M., L. A. Melo-Becerra, and A. J. Orozco-Gallo. "Corporate Taxes and Firms’ Performance: Evidence from an Emerging Economy." Revista de Economía del Rosario 25, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/economia/a.11397.

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Corporate taxes play an important role in a firm’s decision-making as they are part of the cost of capital. Thus, understanding the effect of taxes on the performance of firms in the context of frequent tax reforms, as is the case of Colombia, is of great relevance. We used the meta-frontier stochastic techniques, which allow us to estimate in two steps the technical efficiency of firms within each economic sector and between economic sectors in relation to the set of firms in the country. Then, using quantile regression analysis, we estimate both the effect of corporate taxation on firm performance as well as the effect of efficiency on firms’ tax payments. Results indicate that firms in some economic sectors could be benefiting from better production conditions, and that the most efficient firms within each sector paid more taxes as a share of assets. However, when compared to the meta-frontier, firms with higher efficiency paid less taxes, suggesting differences in the firms’ tax burden across economic sectors.

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Chen, Xi, Mingzhe Pu, and Yu Zhong. "Evaluating China Food’s Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency Initiative Using a Double Stochastic Meta-Frontier Method." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 7342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127342.

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Improving the efficiency of fertilizer usage is important to achieve sustainable agricultural production. As a major agricultural producer, China formally proposed a national fertilizer reduction and efficiency initiative in 2015. Using the double stochastic meta-frontier method to measure the fertilizer use efficiency of 31 provinces in mainland China from 2005 to 2019, this study evaluates the effectiveness of the said initiative on grain production. The results show that China’s initiative has achieved some success, with the average value of fertilizer use efficiency in national grain production increasing by 2.53 percentage points. However, the changes in fertilizer use efficiency show regional heterogeneity. Specifically, the fertilizer use efficiency of the main grain-producing and marketing regions has increased significantly, while that of grain-producing-and-marketing-balanced regions has declined. Further investigation shows that this phenomenon may be related to the importance attached by local governments to the initiative and the uneven distribution of related resources.

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Le, Viet, Xuan-Binh (Benjamin) Vu, and Son Nghiem. "Technical efficiency of small and medium manufacturing firms in Vietnam: A stochastic meta-frontier analysis." Economic Analysis and Policy 59 (September 2018): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2018.03.001.

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Jiang, Nan, and Basil Sharp. "Technical efficiency and technological gap of New Zealand dairy farms: a stochastic meta-frontier model." Journal of Productivity Analysis 44, no. 1 (January 29, 2015): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11123-015-0429-z.

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Olagunju, Kehinde Oluseyi, Adebayo Isaiah Ogunniyi, Zainab Oyetunde-Usman, Abiodun Olusola Omotayo, and Bola Amoke Awotide. "Does agricultural cooperative membership impact technical efficiency of maize production in Nigeria: An analysis correcting for biases from observed and unobserved attributes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245426.

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The formation of agricultural cooperatives has been widely promoted as an agricultural development policy initiative to help smallholder farmers cope with multiple production and marketing challenges. Using a nationally representative survey dataset of smallholder maize producers from rural Nigeria, this study assesses the impact of agricultural cooperative membership on technical efficiency (TE). We based our estimation approach on the combination of a newly developed sample selection stochastic production frontier model with propensity score matching to control for possible selectivity biases from both observables and unobservables. We estimate stochastic meta-frontiers to examine TE differences between cooperative members and non-members. Our results reveal that TE levels of members are consistently higher than that of non-members. This calls for continued policy incentives targeted at encouraging farmers to form as well as participate in agricultural cooperatives.

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Phung, Manh-Trung, Cheng-Ping Cheng, and Chen-Yu Kao. "Ownership Structure and Efficiency of Banking Industry in China and Vietnam - A Political View." International Journal of Financial Research 9, no. 3 (May 6, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v9n3p61.

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Ownership structure and the performance of banking industry have been long considered as a matter of debate. Despite of differences in perspective, both “development view” and “politics view” approve the desire of governments to control financial institutions through their ownership structure. This paper adopts the two-stage stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to examine the relation between ownership structure and bank’s efficiency in two long historic communism countries – China and Vietnam with the consideration of some political factors. Our result consistently indicates that banks with foreign-controlled shareholders in both countries can increase their efficiency significantly. Additionally, we uncover an interesting phenomenon that is during the election years, state-owned banks in China and Vietnam outperform the others. These banks are also the most beneficiaries from the economic expansion. Finally, meta-frontier is utilized to compare the relative performance of banking industry in these two countries.

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Missiame, Arnold, Patrick Irungu, and Rose Adhiambo Nyikal. "Gender-differentiated stochastic meta-frontier analysis of production technology heterogeneity among smallholder cassava farmers in Ghana." African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53936/afjare.2021.16(2).10.

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This paper assesses the differences in technical efficiency of, and the cassava production systems employed by, male-managed (MMF) and female-managed (FMF) cassava farms in the Fanteakwa District of Ghana. The study employs the translog stochastic meta-frontier model to analyse data obtained from 300 randomly selected smallholder cassava farmers and finds an average metafrontier technical efficiency (MTE) of 0.06 and 0.03 among MMF and FMF respectively. The technology gap ratios (TGR) are 0.25 and 0.04 for the MMF and FMF respectively. The results suggest that both MMFs and FMFs are technically inefficient. However, the production technology operated on MMFs is relatively superior to that operated on FMFs, as shown by the relatively higher TGR for MMFs. The results also reveal that proximity to markets, extension access, off-farm economic activities and formal education are the major contributors to the technical efficiency of the farmers.

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Xin, Xiangfei, Yi Zhang, Jimin Wang, and John Alexander Nuetah. "Effects of Farm Size on Technical Efficiency in China's Broiler Sector: A Stochastic Meta-Frontier Approach." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 64, no. 3 (December 17, 2015): 493–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12093.

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Onumah, Edward Ebo, and Felix Larry Essilfie. "Regional Analysis of Fish Farms in Ghana: A Stochastic MetaFrontier Approach." Aquaculture Studies 20, no. 2 (September 17, 2020): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/2618-6381-v20_2_04.

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Using a cross-section data of 320 observations, this paper employs the meta-frontier stochastic model to estimate and compare the productivity, efficiency levels and their determining factors among fish farms in Greater Accra, Ashanti, Western and Volta regions of Ghana. Findings reveal that productivity of output response to individual production factors employed in Greater Accra and Western regions exhibit increasing return to scale, whilst their counterpart in the Volta and Ashanti regions display decreasing return to scale. Some exogenous factors are also estimated to influence variance in efficiency. Fish farms in the Volta and Greater Accra regions are comparatively more technically efficient than their similitudes in the Western and Ashanti regions. Thus, whilst policy considerations to enhance efficiency and productivity of fish farms in the country are paramount, increasing fish output to the potential maximum could easily be achieved among farms in the Volta and Greater Accra regions than fish farms in the Western and Ashanti regions.

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Čechura, Lukáš, and Zdeňka Žáková Kroupová. "Technical Efficiency in the European Dairy Industry: Can We Observe Systematic Failures in the Efficiency of Input Use?" Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041830.

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The paper provides findings on the technical efficiency of the European dairy processing industry, which is one of the most important subsectors of the food processing industry in the European Union (EU). The ability to efficiently use inputs in the production of outputs is a prerequisite for the sustainability and competitiveness of the agri-food sector as well as for food security. Thus, the aim of this paper is to provide a robust estimate of technical efficiency by employing new advances in productivity and efficiency analysis, and to investigate the efficiency of input use in 10 selected European countries. The analysis is based on two-stage stochastic frontier modelling incorporating country-specific input distance function (IDF) estimates and a meta-frontier input distance function estimate, both in specification of the four-component model, which currently represents the most advanced approach to technical efficiency analysis. To provide a robust estimate of these models, the paper employs methods that control for the potential endogeneity of netputs in the multi-step estimation procedure. The results, based on the Amadeus dataset, reveal that companies manufacturing dairy products greatly exploited their production possibilities in 2006–2018. The dairy processing industry in the analysed countries cannot generally be characterized by a considerable waste of resources. The potential cost reduction is estimated at 4–8%, evaluated on the country samples mean. The overall technical inefficiency (OTE) is mainly a result of short-term shocks and unsystematic failures. However, the meta-frontier estimates also reveal a certain degree of systematic failure, e.g., permanent managerial failures and structural problems in European dairy processing industry.

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Alem, Habtamu, Gudbrand Lien, J. Brian Hardaker, and Atle Guttormsen. "Regional differences in technical efficiency and technological gap of Norwegian dairy farms: a stochastic meta-frontier model." Applied Economics 51, no. 4 (July 30, 2018): 409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1502867.

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Sangmok Kang. "Measurement of Meta-Technology Using Stochastic Frontier Function - Focusing on Korean South-Eastern Area and Japanese Kyushu Area -." Productivity Review 25, no. 4 (December 2011): 103–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15843/kpapr.25.4.201112.103.

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Sharma, Khem R., and Pingsun Leung. "Technical efficiency of carp pond culture in South Asia: An application of a stochastic meta‐production frontier model." Aquaculture Economics & Management 4, no. 3-4 (December 2000): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13657300009380268.

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Moreira, Víctor H., and Boris E. Bravo-Ureta. "Technical efficiency and metatechnology ratios for dairy farms in three southern cone countries: a stochastic meta-frontier model." Journal of Productivity Analysis 33, no. 1 (August 18, 2009): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11123-009-0144-8.

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Obianefo, Chukwujekwu A., John N. Ng’ombe, Agness Mzyece, Blessing Masasi, Ngozi J. Obiekwe, and Oluchi O. Anumudu. "Technical Efficiency and Technological Gaps of Rice Production in Anambra State, Nigeria." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121240.

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The traditional approach to modeling productive efficiency assumes that technology is constant across the sample. However, farms in different regions may face different production opportunities, and the technologies they employ may differ due to environmental factors. Therefore, rather than using a traditional stochastic frontier model in such cases, a stochastic meta-frontier (SMF) analysis is recommended to account for environmental factors between regions. It follows that differences in environmental factors between the upland and lowland regions in Anambra State, Nigeria, may result in farmers producing rice under different production and environmental conditions. Using the SMF model, this study, for the first time, determines technical efficiency (TE) and technological gap ratios (TGRs) of rice production from the upland and lowland regions in the Awka North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. Our data are from a cross-section sample of randomly selected rice farmers. Results reveal that lowland regional rice producers are on average, significantly more technically efficient (91.7%) than their upland counterparts (84.2%). Additionally, mean TGRs associated with lowland rice farmers are higher (92.1%) than their corresponding upland producers (84.7%). While the upland rice producers are less technically efficient and further away from their full potential, results indicate that both sets of farmers do not use advanced technologies to match the industry’s potential. We suggest that agricultural policy should focus on providing regionally specific technologies, such as improved rice varieties that fit the working environment of the lagging area, to help rice farmers improve their resource efficiency and minimize technological gaps.

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Dogba, Kollie, Willis Oluoch Kosura, and Chepchumba Chumo. "Stochastic meta-frontier function analysis of the regional efficiency and technology gap ratios (TGRs) of small-scale cassava producers in Liberia." African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53936/afjare.2021.16(2).05.

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To enrich agriculture reform and reap its benefits, policy makers need to localise policy issues within and across their domestic zones. Using a stochastic meta-frontier function, this study analysed the production efficiency of the cassava subsector of cassava growers from Bomi and Nimba counties in Liberia. The paper contributes to the domestication of agriculture policy issues within a country. The study found different scales of production returns for cassava growers in Bomi and Nimba counties. Farmer age, gender, household size and access to credit were key determinants of the technical gap ratio of the cassava subsector. The study recommends that relevant stakeholders (in a multistakeholder partnership) design a holistic approach of innovative finance (including microfinance, agriculture insurance and a grouped loan scheme) and social enterprise development that will encourage more women and young people to grow cassava efficiently for the higher productivity of the cassava subsector

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Win, Thinzar, Dyah Wulan Sari, and Tri Haryanto. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF INDONESIA’S SUGAR INDUSTRY BASED ON ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK: STOCHASTIC METAFRONTIER ANALYSIS." Jurnal Akuntansi 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/j.akuntansi.11.1.53-66.

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This study investigates the efficiency of energy use and technology gap in the Indonesian sugar industry and the factors influencing energy efficiency. Using the firm-level data of sugar mills in 42 regencies in Indonesia from 2010 to 2014, this study applies the meta stochastic frontier based on the input distance function. The metafrontier analysis is applied in sugar mills in the East Java province and other provinces in Indonesia. All the data used in this study are the secondary data taken from the Indonesian Central Board of Statistics. The results reveal that there is a large room to save energy consumption in this industry. The mills in East Java provinces have higher energy efficiency, technology gap ratio, and metafrontier energy efficiency compared to the mills in other provinces. According to the metafrontier energy efficiency, energy inefficiencies in both groups come from operational inefficiency and technology gap. The size of the mills and age of the mills have a positive relationship with the energy efficiency of sugar mills and the size of the mills is positively related to the technology gap ratio. Meanwhile, the productivity of labor and the types of ownership do not affect the energy efficiency and technology gap.

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Huang, Tai-Hsin, Dien-Lin Chiang, and Shih-Wei Chao. "A new approach to jointly estimating the Lerner index and cost efficiency for multi-output banks under a stochastic meta-frontier framework." Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 65 (August 2017): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2016.09.004.

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Qi, Chao, and Yongrok Choi. "A Study of the Feasibility of International ETS Cooperation between Shanghai and Korea from Environmental Efficiency and CO2 Marginal Abatement Cost Perspectives." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 18, 2019): 4468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164468.

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With the worldwide spread of emissions trading schemes (ETSs) and the need for international cooperation on climate change, there is growing interest in linking ETSs. Along with sustainable development, preventing and controlling pollution, is now regarded as an urgent priority by China and Korea. In the context of the willingness of the Chinese and Korean governments to cooperate on ETS, this paper examines the feasibility of a pilot ETS cooperation between Shanghai and Korea from environmental efficiency and CO2 marginal abatement cost (MAC) perspectives. We apply a directional distance function (DDF) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate the environmental efficiency and the CO2 MAC of coal-fueled power plants in Shanghai and Korea using cross-sectional data from 2015. The results indicate that the group frontier environmental efficiency of Shanghai and Korea reached a similarly high score. However, as to meta-frontier environmental efficiency, the coal-fueled power plants in Korea performed better than those in Shanghai. The CO2 MAC results indicate that, despite the small gap in efficiency performance, the CO2 MAC of coal-fueled power plants is much higher than that in Shanghai due to the big feed-in tariff difference. This is because the MAC not only relates to the environmental efficiency, but also to the feed-in tariff. A higher feed-in tariff leads to higher MAC. To tackle this serious problem, which has also been addressed in previous studies, we suggest that policymakers should focus on the huge CO2 MAC differences caused by feed-in tariff differences to avoid equity problems when building the structure of the Shanghai-Korea ETS cooperation. For instance, compared with power plants in Shanghai, policymakers should set a looser cap and a higher offset for Korean plants. To reduce the impact of feed-in tariff on carbon trading in the market, it would also be effective to arrange a higher quota or a lower carbon tax for coal-fueled power plants in Korea. In addition, policymakers should fill the gaps of 85.15% and 67.6% between the realistic market price and the MAC results of coal-fueled power plants in Shanghai and Korea, respectively, by introducing stricter regulations.

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Shin, Kisoon, Daeho Lee, Kwangsoo Shin, and Eungdo Kim. "Measuring the Efficiency of U.S. Pharmaceutical Companies Based on Open Innovation Types." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4030034.

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The pharmaceutical industry, where research and development (R&D) efficiency is central to company survival, has recently faced significant challenges. To increase efficiency, companies must implement strategies such as open innovation (OI), wherein they sell their intellectual property, maximize their use of external resources, adjust their structures, and implement new business models. In this study, we divided 701 U.S. pharmaceutical companies according to their OI strategies to measure and compare their R&D efficiencies between 2001 and 2016. We analyzed the deal data of companies by first dividing them into four groups (inside-out, outside-in, coupled, and closed) to calculate R&D efficiency using stochastic and meta-frontier analyses. In the first group analysis, the coupled group shows high technical efficiency, but in an overall comparison, the inside-out group achieves the highest efficiency values. These values increased between 2005 and 2010, when the R&D crisis in the industry was great at its highest. We thus identified the characteristics of each group based on our results, and presented extensive analyses using a time-series comparison and enterprise-level analysis. We claim that pharmaceutical companies can still cope with the current R&D crisis by implementing different OI strategies.

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Krasachat, Wirat. "The Effect of Good Agricultural Practices on the Technical Efficiency of Chili Production in Thailand." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010866.

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While recognition of the positive influence of good agricultural practices (GAP) on reducing negative externalities due to conventional farming and providing more export opportunities is growing, there is some doubt about the effects of GAP on the economic performance of chili farms. In this regard, this study’s principal objectives are to assess the impact of GAP and to examine farm-specific and environmental factors regarding the technical efficiency (TE) of chili farms in Thailand. This study employed a stochastic meta-frontier input distance function to measure and explore the effects of farm-specific and environmental factors on TE using 2018 farm-level survey data from Thai chili farms. The sample of 100 farms includes GAP and non-GAP farms. The empirical results highlight three critical findings. First, there is confirmation that GAP positively influence the TE of chili farms. Second, family labor intensity and small farm size also positively impact the TE of farms. At the same time, completion of a technical training course positively affects the TE of non-GAP farms only. Finally, education, experience, training courses, and crop diversification negatively affect the TE of GAP farms only. Thus, policymakers need to focus on GAP adoption and farm-specific factors to promote the sustainable development of Thai chili farms.

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Mogbojuri, A. O., and O. A. Olanrewaju. "Goal programming and genetic algorithm in multiple objective optimization model for project portfolio selection: a review." Nigerian Journal of Technology 41, no. 5 (November 9, 2022): 862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v41i5.6.

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Many scientific fields, such as engineering, data analytics, and deep learning, focus on optimization. Optimization problems are classified into two types based on the number of optimized objective functions: single objective and multi objective optimization problems. In this paper, a comparative review since 2000 using one of the deterministic and stochastic modelling approaches called goal programming (GP) and genetic algorithm (GA) in multi-objective optimization problem is discussed. This study gives a prime review of the application of GP and GA in various criteria of project portfolio selection problem. GP is a method for solving large-scale multi-objective optimization problems to assist decision makers in finding solutions that satisfy several competing goals. GA on the other hand are global meta-heuristic search algorithms that are used to provide approximation or optimal solutions to large-scale optimization problems. Of the 23 articles considered in this review showed that, from more than 100 projects, GA proved near optimal, feasible solution and efficient frontier in projects ranking, projects interaction and a preferred decision support tool of project portfolio selection. In addition, the two models select projects on risk-based approach, but GA proved to be more effective in terms of number of projects proposed, central processing unit (CPU) time and accuracy. The review concludes that, in multi-objective optimization model for project portfolio selection problems on a large-scale, very large or complex problems and less CPU time, GA is more effective than GP in multi-objective optimization problems. The review also showed gaps in previous studies of GP and GA application on project portfolio selection problem (PPSP). This review will aid scholars and demanding practitioners in gaining a broader understanding of goal programming and genetic algorithms in the context of project portfolio selection problems.

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Kim, Kyunam, Chung Choe, and Daeho Lee. "Overlapping certification and technical efficiency of ICT convergence companies in South Korea." Science and Public Policy, September 10, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scaa031.

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Abstract Since the late 1990s, in South Korea, two innovation certification policies—InnoBiz and Venture certifications—have fostered the innovation activities of venture companies and small- to medium-sized enterprises.The two certifications, however, share similar features in their policy goals, targets, and main content. This study aims to evaluate how technical efficiencies of firms differ based on the types of innovation certifications it achieves and examine the result when a firm simultaneously achieves overlapping certifications. We classified information and communication technology convergence firms into four different groups by certification type and evaluated their performance based on technical efficiency (TE) by applying stochastic frontier analysis and meta-frontier analysis. Our results show that the meta-frontier TE of the group with overlapping certifications is lower than that of the group with a single certification, implying that there is no remarkable performance improvement in terms of the efficiency, particularly when certifications sharing similar characteristics are implemented.

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Honma, Satoshi, and Jin-Li Hu. "A meta-stochastic frontier analysis for energy efficiency of regions in Japan." Journal of Economic Structures 7, no. 1 (August 23, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40008-018-0119-x.

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Matthews, Nicolette, Beatrice Conradie, and Jenifer Piesse. "Technological differences in South African sheep production: a stochastic meta-frontier analysis." Agrekon, January 27, 2023, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2022.2149577.

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Kanis Fatama Ferdushi. "Technical efficiency and meta-technology ratios of regional firms in Bangladesh: A stochastic meta-frontier model." Scientific Research and Essays 6, no. 29 (November 30, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/sre11.957.

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Jahani Sayyad Noveiri, Monireh, and Sohrab Kordrostami. "Meta-frontier Stochastic Cost and Revenue Efficiency Analysis: An Application to Bank Branches." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, July 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622022500377.

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Harimaya, Kozo, and Koichi Kagitani. "Efficiency, and economies of scale and scope in Japanese agricultural cooperatives." Journal of Economic Structures 11, no. 1 (October 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40008-022-00282-8.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate regional differences in the business characteristics of Japanese agricultural cooperatives (JAs), which have been widely criticized for depending on non-agricultural activities, contradictory to cooperative principles. We construct a panel data set over 2004–2019 from the financial statements of JAs’ prefectural-level federations and use a stochastic meta-frontier cost function model, which enables the decomposition of meta-frontier efficiency into two components: technical efficiency and technology gap ratios. The operational differences between JAs in urban and rural areas are investigated by comparing their efficiency and economies of scale and scope. The main results are summarized as follows: first, the meta-cost efficiency scores of JAs in urban areas are, on average, larger than those in rural areas, which reflects the differences in technology gap ratios. Second, JAs exhibit overall economies of scale in both areas; however, the product-specific economies of scale differ between financial and nonfinancial outputs. Finally, JAs in rural areas exhibit relatively larger economies of scope than those in urban areas. These findings indicate clear distinctions between urban and rural areas in cost-reduction effects. Finally, financial activities bring higher efficiency for JAs in urban areas, while benefits from simultaneous production are larger for those in rural areas.

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Zou, Wenjie, Yi Shi, Zhihao Xu, Fang Ouyang, Lin Zhang, and Huangxin Chen. "The Green Innovative Power of Carbon Neutrality in China: A Perspective of Innovation Efficiency in China’s High-Tech Industry Based on Meta-Frontier DEA." Frontiers in Environmental Science 10 (April 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.857516.

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The high-tech industry plays a crucial role in reducing carbon emission and achieving green economic development. This research uses Meta-Frontier data envelopment analysis to measure the innovation efficiency level of the high-tech industry in China’s provinces from 1999 to 2018, compares the difference in this industry’s innovation efficiency under the regional Frontier and common Frontier, and inspects the convergence condition of its innovation efficiency in the three major areas of eastern, central, and western China. The results show under the regional Frontier that the difference in innovation efficiency of the western region’s high-tech industry is the biggest, while the difference in the central region is the smallest, and under the national common Frontier the innovation efficiency level of the eastern region’s high-tech industry is the highest, while that of the western region is the lowest. The regional pattern of innovation efficiency in the high-tech industry is consistent with the development trend of the regional economy. Moreover, by using the ratio of the technology gap ratio, we find that the eastern region has the potential optimal technology in China, whereas the central and western regions have large room for improvement. Lastly, the stochastic convergence test shows that the innovation efficiency of the central region’s high-tech industry presents a convergence trend, but the same trend does not occur in the western and eastern regions as well as for the whole country.

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Chen, Chen-Ming, Tzu-Chun Sheng, and Yung-Lieh Yang. "Cost Efficiency Analysis of Taiwan Biotech and Pharmaceutical Industry: The Application of Stochastic Meta Frontier Model." International Journal of Economics and Finance 6, no. 11 (October 27, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v6n11p131.

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Tsiboe, Francis, Jacob Asravor, Victor Owusu, and Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu. "Production technology, efficiency, and productivity of cereal farms: Prospects for enhancing farm performance in Ghana." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, August 15, 2022, 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2022.16.

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Abstract Over the past three decades, the cereal subsector in Ghana has contributed immensely to food security in the country. However, limited evidence exists on the production performance of this subsector, particularly in terms of heterogeneities across agro-ecological zones. This paper analyzes the production technology and performance of the cereal subsector in Ghana using a nationally representative data set from 26,449 cereal farms and the meta-stochastic frontier approach. The empirical results suggest that the estimated factor inputs contribute substantially to cereal output, with land and seed exerting the highest impacts across all agro-ecological zones. The evidence further shows that the agro-ecology of cereal farms plays a crucial role in the performance of the subsector. The mean technical efficiency estimates strongly suggest that cereal farms in all agro-ecologies exhibit some degrees of production inefficiency. The findings further reveal total output from the meta-frontier to be much superior to those generated by cereal farms in all agro-ecologies of Ghana, indicating the existence of opportunities for cereal output gains in all agro-ecologies. We find heterogeneities in farm management practices and production technology across the various crops and agro-ecological zones to be relevant sources for cereal productivity growth in Ghana.

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ElKelish, Walaa Wahid, and Panagiotis Zervopoulos. "Meta-frontier and measures of efficiency emphasising optimal corporate governance risk across countries." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-09-2020-0414.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the internal and external determinants of firms’ efficiency and develop optimal corporate governance risk benchmarks for the manufacturing sector across different countries. Design/methodology/approach Corporate governance risk data were acquired from Institutional Shareholder Services Europe SA. Data on firms’ efficiency and for explanatory and control variables were taken from the DataStream database. The generalised directional distance function data envelopment analysis (GDDF-DEA) model and its stochastic extension provided corporate efficiency measures and optimal corporate governance benchmarks. The authors used ordinary least squares multiple regression analysis with wild bootstrapping to test the study hypotheses. Findings The authors found significant differences between firms’ optimal and actual efficiency input/output variables and corporate governance risks in the manufacturing sector across countries. Internal firm characteristics such as group affiliations, product market competition and insider ownership and external institutional factors such as the legal system, the rule of law, control of corruption, law enforcement and cultural values are vital determinants of firms’ efficiency. Practical implications This paper provides valuable guidance to enable corporate managers, regulators and policymakers to enhance firms’ efficiency and corporate governance practices. Originality/value This paper develops optimal corporate governance risk benchmarks and identifies the most critical internal and external factors affecting firms’ efficiency in the manufacturing sector in various countries. It also used a novel GDDF-DEA model, with the multi-parametric model for bias correction of efficiency estimator.

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Cele, Lungelo P., Thia Hennessy, and Fiona Thorne. "Regional technical efficiency rankings and their determinants in the Irish dairy industry: A stochastic meta‐frontier analysis." Agribusiness, December 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agr.21791.

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Molinos-Senante, María, Alexandros Maziotis, Ramon Sala-Garrido, and Manuel Mocholi Arce. "A stochastic meta-frontier approach for analyzing productivity in the English and Welsh water and sewerage companies." Decision Analytics Journal, February 2023, 100185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2023.100185.

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Kim, Keungoui, Junmin Lee, and Changjun Lee. "Which innovation type is better for production efficiency? A comparison between product/service, process, organisational and marketing innovations using stochastic frontier and meta-frontier analysis." Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, August 13, 2021, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.1965979.

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Phali, Lerato, Maxwell Mudhara, Stuart Ferrer, and Godswill Makombe. "Evaluation of water-user performance in smallholder irrigation schemes in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa: A stochastic meta-frontier analysis." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 6 (December 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.1022410.

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Smallholder Irrigation Schemes (SIS) are pivotal in sustaining livelihoods and creating employment in rural communities of South Africa. However, despite the revitalization and rehabilitation of SIS by the government, the performance of farmers is still below par. This study evaluates the performance of water-users across four SIS in KwaZulu-Natal Province (KZN). Technical Efficiency was used as a proxy for performance and the Stochastic Meta-Frontier Analysis method was employed to measure the overall efficiency across 306 households. The efficiency model results showed that governance index, psychological capital, land tenure security, credit access and gender affect water-users' technical efficiency. The study concludes that interventions should be geared toward strengthening institutions and the empowerment of farmers through relevant training and access to credit. Furthermore, adequacy of water and its availability in the schemes should be improved to ensure profitability and productivity of water.

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Nguyen, Thi Minh, Quoc Hoi Le, Thi Van Hoa Tran, and Minh Ngoc Nguyen. "Ownership, technology gap and technical efficiency of small and medium manufacturing firms in Vietnam: A stochastic meta frontier approach." Decision Science Letters, 2019, 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2019.3.002.

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Safiullah, Md, and Abul Shamsuddin. "Technical efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks with undesirable output: Evidence from a stochastic meta-frontier directional distance function." Global Finance Journal, June 2020, 100547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2020.100547.

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Ahado, Samuel, Jiří Hejkrlík, Anudari Enkhtur, Tserendavaa Tseren, and Tomáš Ratinger. "Does cooperative membership impact the yield and efficiency of smallholder farmers? Evidence from potato farmers in Mongolia." China Agricultural Economic Review ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-01-2021-0013.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of agricultural cooperative membership on potato production and technical efficiency.Design/methodology/approachA combination of propensity score matching technique and sample selection stochastic frontier framework that addresses potential selection bias due to observable and unobservable attributes is used to estimate the effect of participation between cooperative members and non-members. Using a stochastic meta-frontier approach, the technical efficiency of farmers was estimated and compared.FindingsThe empirical results show that the effect of participation in agricultural cooperatives is associated with increased yield and technical efficiency. A comparison of group-specific frontiers indicates that cooperative members perform better than non-members. Cooperative membership decisions is significantly associated with household and farm characteristics (e.g. education, participation in off-farm work, total farmland, distance to market and geographic location).Practical implicationsThe findings of this study demonstrate that cooperative organisations can be an important tool to enhance the productivity and efficiency of smallholder farmers. Successful cooperative models together with training programs designed to enlighten farmers on the importance and tangible benefits of collective action should be used to enlarge participation in cooperative organisations. In addition, governments and development agencies should implement targeted investment and capacity building programs related to irrigation management, gender-sensitive awareness and development of the internal institutional mechanisms in cooperatives for the transfer of knowledge and mutual learning so that all members benefit from cooperatives.Originality/valueDespite the pervasive evidence of the impact of cooperatives on productivity and technical efficiency in the Asian region, this study is probably the first attempt in the crop sector in Mongolia. It provides a rigorous empirical analysis of the impact of agricultural cooperative membership on potato production and technical efficiency through a counterfactual design.

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Ngango, Jules, and Seungjee Hong. "Improving farm productivity through the reduction of managerial and technology gaps among farmers in Rwanda." Agriculture & Food Security 10, no. 1 (April 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40066-020-00284-4.

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Abstract Background Rwanda and most parts of sub-Saharan Africa face severe challenges of increasing maize productivity, which has direct consequences on food security. Due to these challenges, policy-makers have paid particular attention to finding the cost-effective strategies of boosting maize production. In an effort to increase productivity, the literature suggests that the adoption of yield-enhancing technologies and production efficiency should be given priority. The objective of this study is to examine and compare the technical efficiency and technological gaps of maize farms that grow different seed varieties in Rwanda. Methods The data used in this study were obtained from a survey of 360 household farmers conducted in the Eastern Province of Rwanda during the 2018–2019 cropping season. The study applies the stochastic meta-frontier production function approach to estimate the technical efficiency and technological gaps of maize farms operating under heterogeneous production technologies. Results Results indicate that there are differences in technical efficiency measures among the three groups of farmers (i.e., adopters of hybrids, open-pollinated varieties, and local maize varieties). In particular, we find that on average, farms growing hybrid maize varieties appear to have higher values of technical efficiency, technology gap ratio, and meta-frontier technical efficiency than farms growing OPVs and local maize varieties. Thus, the analysis shows that there are significant technological and managerial performance gaps among farmers. Conclusions From a policy perspective, the results of this study suggest the development of policy measures that may reduce the managerial and technological gaps existing among farmers to improve productivity and food security. Based on the results of this study, one of the crucial avenues to close this gap would be to improve access to improved agricultural technologies such as certified hybrid seeds. Additionally, policies aiming to enhance technical efficiency and productivity should focus on expanding the delivery of extension services and strengthening the technical assistance provided to farmers’ cooperatives.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Stochastic meta-frontier'

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