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Journal articles on the topic 'Stochastic quantum heat and entropy production'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Denzler, Tobias, Jonas F. G. Santos, Eric Lutz, and Roberto M. Serra. "Nonequilibrium fluctuations of a quantum heat engine." Quantum Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (2024): 045017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad6287.

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Abstract The thermodynamic properties of quantum heat engines are stochastic owing to the presence of thermal and quantum fluctuations. We here experimentally investigate the efficiency and nonequilibrium entropy production statistics of a spin-1/2 quantum Otto cycle in a nuclear magnetic resonance setup. We first study the correlations between work and heat within a cycle by extracting their joint distribution for different driving times. We show that near perfect correlation, corresponding to the tight-coupling condition between work and heat, can be achieved. In this limit, the reconstructe

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2

Kim, TaeHun. "Emergent particles of de Sitter: thermal interpretation of the stochastic formalism and beyond." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2024, no. 08 (2024): 009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/08/009.

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Abstract A thermal interpretation of the stochastic formalism of a slow-rolling scalar field in de Sitter (dS) is given. We construct a correspondence between Hubble patches of dS and particles living in another space called an abstract space. By assuming a dual description of scalar fields and classical mechanics in the abstract space, we show that the stochastic evolution of the infrared part of the field is equivalent to the Brownian motion in the abstract space filled with a heat bath of massless particles. The 1st slow-roll condition and the Hubble expansion are also reinterpreted in the

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3

Müller-Hermes, Alexander, Daniel Stilck França, and Michael M. Wolf. "Entropy production of doubly stochastic quantum channels." Journal of Mathematical Physics 57, no. 2 (2016): 022203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4941136.

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4

Dexter, Jonathan, and Ian J. Ford. "Stochastic Entropy Production for Classical and Quantum Dynamical Systems with Restricted Diffusion." Entropy 27, no. 4 (2025): 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040383.

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Modeling the evolution of a system using stochastic dynamics typically implies increasing subjective uncertainty in the adopted state of the system and its environment as time progresses, and stochastic entropy production has been developed as a measure of this change. In some situations, the evolution of stochastic entropy production can be described using an Itô process, but mathematical difficulties can emerge if diffusion in the system phase space happens to be restricted to a subspace of a lower dimension. This situation can arise if there are constants of the motion, for example, or more

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5

Schmidt, Heinz-Jürgen, and Jochen Gemmer. "Stochastic Thermodynamics of a Finite Quantum System Coupled to Two Heat Baths." Entropy 25, no. 3 (2023): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030504.

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We consider a situation where an N-level system (NLS) is coupled successively to two heat baths with different temperatures without being necessarily thermalized and approaches a steady state. For this situation we apply a general Jarzynski-type equation and conclude that heat and entropy is flowing from the hot bath to the cold one. The Clausius relation between increase of entropy and transfer of heat divided by a suitable temperature assumes the form of two inequalities. Our approach is illustrated by an analytical example. For the linear regime, i.e., for small temperature differences betw

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6

SRIVASTAVA, Y. N., G. VITIELLO, and A. WIDOM. "QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS, INFORMATION AND ENTROPY PRODUCTION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 28 (1999): 3369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299003076.

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In order to understand the Landau–Lifshitz conjecture on the relationship between quantum measurements and the thermodynamic second law, we discuss the notion of "diabatic" and "adiabatic" forces exerted by the quantum object on the classical measurement apparatus. The notion of heat and work in measurements is made manifest in this approach and the relationship between information entropy and thermodynamic entropy is explored.

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7

Schmidt, Heinz-Jürgen, Jürgen Schnack, and Jochen Gemmer. "Stochastic thermodynamics of a finite quantum system coupled to a heat bath." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 76, no. 8 (2021): 731–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2021-0095.

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Abstract We consider a situation where an N-level system (NLS) is coupled to a heat bath without being necessarily thermalized. For this situation, we derive general Jarzynski-type equations and conclude that heat and entropy is flowing from the hot bath to the cold NLS and, vice versa, from the hot NLS to the cold bath. The Clausius relation between increase of entropy and transfer of heat divided by a suitable temperature assumes the form of two inequalities which have already been considered in the literature. Our approach is illustrated by an analytical example.

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8

Clarke, Claudia L., and Ian J. Ford. "Stochastic Entropy Production Associated with Quantum Measurement in a Framework of Markovian Quantum State Diffusion." Entropy 26, no. 12 (2024): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26121024.

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The reduced density matrix that characterises the state of an open quantum system is a projection from the full density matrix of the quantum system and its environment, and there are many full density matrices consistent with a given reduced version. Without a specification of relevant details of the environment, the time evolution of a reduced density matrix is therefore typically unpredictable, even if the dynamics of the full density matrix are deterministic. With this in mind, we investigate a two-level open quantum system using a framework of quantum state diffusion. We consider the pseu

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9

Hossein-Nejad, Hoda, Edward J. O’Reilly, and Alexandra Olaya-Castro. "Work, heat and entropy production in bipartite quantum systems." New Journal of Physics 17, no. 7 (2015): 075014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/7/075014.

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10

DE ROECK, WOJCIECH, and CHRISTIAN MAES. "STEADY STATE FLUCTUATIONS OF THE DISSIPATED HEAT FOR A QUANTUM STOCHASTIC MODEL." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 18, no. 06 (2006): 619–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x06002747.

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We introduce a quantum stochastic dynamics for heat conduction. A multi-level subsystem is coupled to reservoirs at different temperatures. Energy quanta are detected in the reservoirs allowing the study of steady state fluctuations of the entropy dissipation. Our main result states a symmetry in its large deviation rate function.

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11

Seifert, Udo. "From Stochastic Thermodynamics to Thermodynamic Inference." Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 10, no. 1 (2019): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013554.

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For a large class of nonequilibrium systems, thermodynamic notions like work, heat, and, in particular, entropy production can be identified on the level of fluctuating dynamical trajectories. Within stochastic thermodynamics various fluctuation theorems relating these quantities have been proven. Their application to experimental systems requires that all relevant mesostates are accessible. Recent advances address the typical situation that only partial, or coarse-grained, information about a system is available. Thermodynamic inference as a general strategy uses consistency constraints deriv

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12

Strasberg, Philipp. "Thermodynamics of Quantum Causal Models: An Inclusive, Hamiltonian Approach." Quantum 4 (March 2, 2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-03-02-240.

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Operational quantum stochastic thermodynamics is a recently proposed theory to study the thermodynamics of open systems based on the rigorous notion of a quantum stochastic process or quantum causal model. In there, a stochastic trajectory is defined solely in terms of experimentally accessible measurement results, which serve as the basis to define the corresponding thermodynamic quantities. In contrast to this observer-dependent point of view, a `black box', which evolves unitarily and can simulate a quantum causal model, is constructed here. The quantum thermodynamics of this big isolated s

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13

Sorkin, Benjamin, Gil Ariel, and Tomer Markovich. "Consistent expansion of the Langevin propagator with application to entropy production." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2025, no. 1 (2025): 013208. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ad99c8.

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Abstract Stochastic thermodynamics is a developing theory for systems out of thermal equilibrium. It allows us to formulate a wealth of nontrivial connections between thermodynamic quantities (such as heat dissipation, excess work, and entropy production) and the statistics of trajectories in generic nonequilibrium stochastic processes. A key quantity for the derivation of these relations is the propagator — the probability to observe a transition from one point in phase space to another after a given time. Here, applying stochastic Taylor expansions, we devise a formal short-time expansion pr

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14

El Makouri, Abdelkader, Abdallah Slaoui, and Rachid Ahl Laamara. "Monitored quantum unital Otto heat engines: Fluctuations of the released heat and entropy production." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 669 (July 2025): 130591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2025.130591.

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15

Webb, Caleb Merrick, and Charles Allen Stafford. "How to Partition a Quantum Observable." Entropy 26, no. 7 (2024): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26070611.

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We present a partition of quantum observables in an open quantum system that is inherited from the division of the underlying Hilbert space or configuration space. It is shown that this partition leads to the definition of an inhomogeneous continuity equation for generic, non-local observables. This formalism is employed to describe the local evolution of the von Neumann entropy of a system of independent quantum particles out of equilibrium. Crucially, we find that all local fluctuations in the entropy are governed by an entropy current operator, implying that the production of entanglement e

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16

Bonetto, F., J. L. Lebowitz, J. Lukkarinen, and S. Olla. "Heat Conduction and Entropy Production in Anharmonic Crystals with Self-Consistent Stochastic Reservoirs." Journal of Statistical Physics 134, no. 5-6 (2008): 1097–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-008-9657-1.

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17

Borlenghi, Simone, and Anna Delin. "Stochastic Thermodynamics of Oscillators’ Networks." Entropy 20, no. 12 (2018): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120992.

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We apply the stochastic thermodynamics formalism to describe the dynamics of systems of complex Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations. We provide in particular a simple and general recipe to calculate thermodynamical currents, dissipated and propagating heat for networks of nonlinear oscillators. By using the Hodge decomposition of thermodynamical forces and fluxes, we derive a formula for entropy production that generalises the notion of non-potential forces and makes transparent the breaking of detailed balance and of time reversal symmetry for states arbitrarily far from equilibrium. Our for

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18

O'CONNELL, R. F. "BLACKBODY RADIATION: ROSETTA STONE OF HEAT BATH MODELS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 07, no. 04 (2007): L483—L490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477507004124.

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The radiation field can be regarded as a collection of independent harmonic oscillators and, as such, constitutes a heat bath. Moreover, the known form of its interaction with charged particles provides a "rosetta stone" for deciding on and interpreting the correct interaction for the more general case of a quantum particle in an external potential and coupled to an arbitrary heat bath. In particular, combining QED with the machinery of stochastic physics, enables the usual scope of applications to be widened. We discuss blackbody radiation effects on: the equation of motion of a radiating ele

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19

BENJAMIN, RONALD. "STOCHASTIC ENERGETICS OF A BROWNIAN MOTOR AND REFRIGERATOR DRIVEN BY NONUNIFORM TEMPERATURE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 08 (2014): 1450055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214500556.

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The energetics of a Brownian heat engine and heat pump driven by position dependent temperature, known as the Büttiker–Landauer heat engine and heat pump, is investigated by numerical simulations of the inertial Langevin equation. We identify parameter values for optimal performance of the heat engine and heat pump. Our results qualitatively differ from approaches based on the overdamped model. The behavior of the heat engine and heat pump, in the linear response regime is examined under finite time conditions and we find that the efficiency is lower than that of an endoreversible engine worki

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20

Chiarelli, Piero. "Far from Equilibrium Maximal Principle Leading to Matter Self-Organization." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 5, no. 3 (2009): 753–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v5i3.2664.

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In this work an extremal principle driving the far from equilibrium evolution of a system of structureless particles is derived by using the stochastic quantum hydrodynamic analogy. For a classical phase (i.e., the quantum correlations decay on a distance smaller than the mean inter-molecular distance) the far from equilibrium kinetic equation can be cast in the form of a Fokker-Plank equation whose phase space velocity vector maximizes the dissipation of the energy-type function, named here, stochastic free energy.Near equilibrium the maximum stochastic free energy dissipation (SFED) is shown

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21

Parsi, Shervin S. "Stochastic Thermodynamics of Learning Parametric Probabilistic Models." Entropy 26, no. 2 (2024): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26020112.

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We have formulated a family of machine learning problems as the time evolution of parametric probabilistic models (PPMs), inherently rendering a thermodynamic process. Our primary motivation is to leverage the rich toolbox of thermodynamics of information to assess the information-theoretic content of learning a probabilistic model. We first introduce two information-theoretic metrics, memorized information (M-info) and learned information (L-info), which trace the flow of information during the learning process of PPMs. Then, we demonstrate that the accumulation of L-info during the learning

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22

Peterson, J. P. S., R. S. Sarthour, A. M. Souza, et al. "Experimental demonstration of information to energy conversion in a quantum system at the Landauer limit." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2188 (2016): 20150813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0813.

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Landauer’s principle sets fundamental thermodynamical constraints for classical and quantum information processing, thus affecting not only various branches of physics, but also of computer science and engineering. Despite its importance, this principle was only recently experimentally considered for classical systems. Here we employ a nuclear magnetic resonance set-up to experimentally address the information to energy conversion in a quantum system. Specifically, we consider a three nuclear spins S = 1 2 (qubits) molecule—the system, the reservoir and the ancilla—to measure the heat dissipat

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23

HE, JI-ZHOU, JIAN-HUI WANG, and XIN-FA DENG. "THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT LEAKAGE AND INTERNAL IRREVERSIBILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A QUANTUM SPIN REFRIGERATION CYCLE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 23 (2010): 4595–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210056591.

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The cycle model established here, for which the heat leakage and internal irreversibility are considered, consists of two irreversible non-isentropic adiabatic and two isomagnetic field processes. The working substance is composed of many non-interacting spin systems. Based on quantum master equation of an open system in the Heisenberg picture and semi-group approach, the general performance analysis of quantum refrigeration cycle is performed. Expressions for several important performance parameters, such as the cooling rate, coefficient of performance, rate of entropy production and power in

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24

Fernández, J. J. "Optimization of energy production in two-qubit heat engines using the ecological function." Quantum Science and Technology 7, no. 3 (2022): 035002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac635a.

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Abstract We study the ecological regime of quantum heat engines where the heat transfer between the environment and the engine is mediated with two qubits that act as energy filters and allow the conversion of heat into work. Using quantum thermodynamics, the theory of open quantum system and the fundamentals of finite-time thermodynamics we obtain the output power, the ecological function and the entropy production of the engine. Then, we optimize the functioning to the ecological function to find the range of efficiencies for which the system works optimally under the ecological criterium. W

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25

Dann, Roie, Ronnie Kosloff, and Peter Salamon. "Quantum Finite-Time Thermodynamics: Insight from a Single Qubit Engine." Entropy 22, no. 11 (2020): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22111255.

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Incorporating time into thermodynamics allows for addressing the tradeoff between efficiency and power. A qubit engine serves as a toy model in order to study this tradeoff from first principles, based on the quantum theory of open systems. We study the quantum origin of irreversibility, originating from heat transport, quantum friction, and thermalization in the presence of external driving. We construct various finite-time engine cycles that are based on the Otto and Carnot templates. Our analysis highlights the role of coherence and the quantum origin of entropy production.

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26

Genthon, Arthur, Reinaldo García-García, and David Lacoste. "Branching processes with resetting as a model for cell division." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 55, no. 7 (2022): 074001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac491a.

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Abstract We study the stochastic thermodynamics of cell growth and division using a theoretical framework based on branching processes with resetting. Cell division may be split into two sub-processes: branching, by which a given cell gives birth to an identical copy of itself, and resetting, by which some properties of the daughter cells (such as their size or age) are reset to new values following division. We derive the first and second laws of stochastic thermodynamics for this process, and identify separate contributions due to branching and resetting. We apply our framework to well-known

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27

Braak, D., and J. Mannhart. "Fermi’s Golden Rule and the Second Law of Thermodynamics." Foundations of Physics 50, no. 11 (2020): 1509–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-020-00380-2.

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AbstractWe present a Gedankenexperiment that leads to a violation of detailed balance if quantum mechanical transition probabilities are treated in the usual way by applying Fermi’s “golden rule”. This Gedankenexperiment introduces a collection of two-level systems that absorb and emit radiation randomly through non-reciprocal coupling to a waveguide, as realized in specific chiral quantum optical systems. The non-reciprocal coupling is modeled by a hermitean Hamiltonian and is compatible with the time-reversal invariance of unitary quantum dynamics. Surprisingly, the combination of non-recipr

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28

Vanchurin, Vitaly. "Towards a Theory of Quantum Gravity from Neural Networks." Entropy 24, no. 1 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24010007.

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Neural network is a dynamical system described by two different types of degrees of freedom: fast-changing non-trainable variables (e.g., state of neurons) and slow-changing trainable variables (e.g., weights and biases). We show that the non-equilibrium dynamics of trainable variables can be described by the Madelung equations, if the number of neurons is fixed, and by the Schrodinger equation, if the learning system is capable of adjusting its own parameters such as the number of neurons, step size and mini-batch size. We argue that the Lorentz symmetries and curved space-time can emerge fro

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Oh, Sangchul, Jung Jun Park, and Hyunchul Nha. "Quantum Photovoltaic Cells Driven by Photon Pulses." Entropy 22, no. 6 (2020): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22060693.

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We investigate the quantum thermodynamics of two quantum systems, a two-level system and a four-level quantum photocell, each driven by photon pulses as a quantum heat engine. We set these systems to be in thermal contact only with a cold reservoir while the heat (energy) source, conventionally given from a hot thermal reservoir, is supplied by a sequence of photon pulses. The dynamics of each system is governed by a coherent interaction due to photon pulses in terms of the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian together with the system-bath interaction described by the Lindblad master equation. We calcu

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30

Bhattacharyya, Swarnapratim, Maria Haiduc, Alina Tania Neagu, and Elena Firu. "Multifractal Analysis of Charged Particle Multiplicity Distribution in the Framework of Renyi Entropy." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (June 26, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6384357.

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A study of multifractality and multifractal specific heat has been carried out for the produced shower particles in nuclear emulsion detector for 16O-AgBr, 28Si-AgBr, and 32S-AgBr interactions at 4.5AGeV/c in the framework of Renyi entropy. Experimental results have been compared with the prediction of Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model. Our analysis reveals the presence of multifractality in the multiparticle production process in high energy nucleus-nucleus interactions. Degree of multifractality is found to be higher for the experimental data and it increases with t

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31

Abiuso, Paolo, Harry J. D. Miller, Martí Perarnau-Llobet, and Matteo Scandi. "Geometric Optimisation of Quantum Thermodynamic Processes." Entropy 22, no. 10 (2020): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101076.

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Differential geometry offers a powerful framework for optimising and characterising finite-time thermodynamic processes, both classical and quantum. Here, we start by a pedagogical introduction to the notion of thermodynamic length. We review and connect different frameworks where it emerges in the quantum regime: adiabatically driven closed systems, time-dependent Lindblad master equations, and discrete processes. A geometric lower bound on entropy production in finite-time is then presented, which represents a quantum generalisation of the original classical bound. Following this, we review

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Loos, Sarah A. M., Simon Hermann, and Sabine H. L. Klapp. "Medium Entropy Reduction and Instability in Stochastic Systems with Distributed Delay." Entropy 23, no. 6 (2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23060696.

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Many natural and artificial systems are subject to some sort of delay, which can be in the form of a single discrete delay or distributed over a range of times. Here, we discuss the impact of this distribution on (thermo-)dynamical properties of time-delayed stochastic systems. To this end, we study a simple classical model with white and colored noise, and focus on the class of Gamma-distributed delays which includes a variety of distinct delay distributions typical for feedback experiments and biological systems. A physical application is a colloid subject to time-delayed feedback control, w

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Majumdar, Rita, Arnab Saha, and Rahul Marathe. "Exactly solvable model of a passive Brownian heat engine and its comparison with active engines." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 7 (2022): 073206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac7e3d.

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Abstract We perform an extensive analysis of passive as well as active micro-heat engines with different single-particle stochastic models. Using stochastic thermodynamics we calculate the thermodynamic work, heat, entropy production and efficiency of passive and active Brownian heat engines analytically, as well as numerically, and compare them. We run the heat engines with a protocol for which the average thermodynamic quantities are calculated exactly for an arbitrary cycle time. We also discuss the group of protocols for which exact non-quasistatic calculations can be done, completely in t

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Pal, P. S., Arnab Saha, and A. M. Jayannavar. "Operational characteristics of single-particle heat engines and refrigerators with time-asymmetric protocol." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 31 (2016): 1650219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979216502192.

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We have studied the single-particle heat engine and refrigerator driven by time-asymmetric protocol of finite duration. Our system consists of a particle in a harmonic trap with time-periodic strength that drives the particle cyclically between two baths. Each cycle consists of two isothermal steps at different temperatures and two adiabatic steps connecting them. The system works in irreversible mode of operation even in the quasistatic regime. This is indicated by finite entropy production even in the large cycle time limit. Consequently, Carnot efficiency for heat engine or Carnot coefficie

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Nelson, Elliot, and C. Jess Riedel. "Classical entanglement structure in the wavefunction of inflationary fluctuations." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 12 (2017): 1743006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817430064.

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We argue that preferred classical variables emerge from the entanglement structure of a pure quantum state in the form of redundant records: information shared between many subsystems. Focusing on the early universe, we ask how classical metric perturbations emerge from vacuum fluctuations in an inflationary background. We show that the squeezing of the quantum state for super-horizon modes, along with minimal gravitational interactions, leads to decoherence and to an exponential number of records of metric fluctuations on very large scales, [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is th

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Aghion, Erez, and Jason R. Green. "Thermodynamic speed limits for mechanical work." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 56, no. 5 (2023): 05LT01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/acb5d6.

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Abstract Thermodynamic speed limits are a set of classical uncertainty relations that, so far, place global bounds on the stochastic dissipation of energy as heat and the production of entropy. Here, instead of constraints on these thermodynamic costs, we derive integral speed limits that are upper and lower bounds on a thermodynamic benefit—the minimum time for an amount of mechanical work to be done on or by a system. In the short time limit, we show how this extrinsic timescale relates to an intrinsic timescale for work, recovering the intrinsic timescales in differential speed limits from

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37

Mintchev, Mihail. "Quantum states from mixtures of equilibrium distributions." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 4 (2022): 043103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac6252.

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Abstract We construct and explore a family of states for quantum systems in contact with two or more heath reservoirs. The reservoirs are described by equilibrium distributions. The interaction of each reservoir with the bulk of the system is encoded in a probability, which characterises the particle exchange among them and depends in general on the particle momentum. The convex combination of the reservoir distributions, weighted with the aforementioned probabilities, defines a new distribution. We establish the existence of an emission–absorption regime in which the new distribution generate

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Mintchev, Mihail. "Quantum states from mixtures of equilibrium distributions." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 4 (2022): 043103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac6252.

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Abstract We construct and explore a family of states for quantum systems in contact with two or more heath reservoirs. The reservoirs are described by equilibrium distributions. The interaction of each reservoir with the bulk of the system is encoded in a probability, which characterises the particle exchange among them and depends in general on the particle momentum. The convex combination of the reservoir distributions, weighted with the aforementioned probabilities, defines a new distribution. We establish the existence of an emission–absorption regime in which the new distribution generate

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39

Ostoja-Starzewski, M., and A. Malyarenko. "Continuum mechanics beyond the second law of thermodynamics." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2171 (2014): 20140531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0531.

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The results established in contemporary statistical physics indicating that, on very small space and time scales, the entropy production rate may be negative, motivate a generalization of continuum mechanics. On account of the fluctuation theorem, it is recognized that the evolution of entropy at a material point is stochastically (not deterministically) conditioned by the past history, with an increasing trend of average entropy production. Hence, the axiom of Clausius–Duhem inequality is replaced by a submartingale model, which, by the Doob decomposition theorem, allows classification of the

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Chesi, Giovanni, Chiara Macchiavello, and Massimiliano Federico Sacchi. "Work Fluctuations in Ergotropic Heat Engines." Entropy 25, no. 11 (2023): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25111528.

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We study the work fluctuations in ergotropic heat engines, namely two-stroke quantum Otto engines where the work stroke is designed to extract the ergotropy (the maximum amount of work by a cyclic unitary evolution) from a couple of quantum systems at canonical equilibrium at two different temperatures, whereas the heat stroke thermalizes back the systems to their respective reservoirs. We provide an exhaustive study for the case of two qutrits whose energy levels are equally spaced at two different frequencies by deriving the complete work statistics. By varying the values of temperatures and

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41

Vanchurin, Vitaly. "The World as a Neural Network." Entropy 22, no. 11 (2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22111210.

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We discuss a possibility that the entire universe on its most fundamental level is a neural network. We identify two different types of dynamical degrees of freedom: “trainable” variables (e.g., bias vector or weight matrix) and “hidden” variables (e.g., state vector of neurons). We first consider stochastic evolution of the trainable variables to argue that near equilibrium their dynamics is well approximated by Madelung equations (with free energy representing the phase) and further away from the equilibrium by Hamilton–Jacobi equations (with free energy representing the Hamilton’s principal

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42

Gadomski, Adam. "(Nano)Granules-Involving Aggregation at a Passage to the Nanoscale as Viewed in Terms of a Diffusive Heisenberg Relation." Entropy 26, no. 1 (2024): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26010076.

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We are looking at an aggregation of matter into granules. Diffusion plays a pivotal role here. When going down to the nanometer scale (the so-called nanoscale quantum-size effect limit), quantum mechanics, and the Heisenberg uncertainty relation, may take over the role of classical diffusion, as viewed typically in the mesoscopic/stochastic limit. A d-dimensional entropy-production aggregation of the granules-involving matter in the granule-size space is considered in terms of a (sub)diffusive realization. It turns out that when taking a full d-dimensional pathway of the aggregation toward the

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43

Agrebi, Senda, Louis Dreßler, Hendrik Nicolai, Florian Ries, Kaushal Nishad, and Amsini Sadiki. "Analysis of Local Exergy Losses in Combustion Systems Using a Hybrid Filtered Eulerian Stochastic Field Coupled with Detailed Chemistry Tabulation: Cases of Flames D and E." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196315.

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A second law analysis in combustion systems is performed along with an exergy loss study by quantifying the entropy generation sources using, for the first time, three different approaches: a classical-thermodynamics-based approach, a novel turbulence-based method and a look-up-table-based approach, respectively. The numerical computation is based on a hybrid filtered Eulerian stochastic field (ESF) method coupled with tabulated detailed chemistry according to a Famelet-Generated Manifold (FGM)-based combustion model. In this work, the capability of the three approaches to capture the effect o

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Kennedy, Ivan R., and Migdat Hodzic. "Applying the Action Principle of Classical Mechanics to the Thermodynamics of the Troposphere." Applied Mechanics 4, no. 2 (2023): 729–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech4020037.

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Advances in applied mechanics have facilitated a better understanding of the recycling of heat and work in the troposphere. This goal is important to meet practical needs for better management of climate science. Achieving this objective may require the application of quantum principles in action mechanics, recently employed to analyze the reversible thermodynamics of Carnot’s heat engine cycle. The testable proposals suggested here seek to solve several problems including (i) the phenomena of decreasing temperature and molecular entropy but increasing Gibbs energy with altitude in the troposp

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45

Castorina, Paolo, Alfredo Iorio, and Helmut Satz. "Hunting Quantum Gravity with Analogs: The Case of High-Energy Particle Physics." Universe 8, no. 9 (2022): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8090482.

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In this review, we collect, for the first time, old and new research results, and present future perspectives on how hadron production, in high-energy scattering processes, can experimentally probe fundamental questions of quantum gravity. The key observations that ignited the link between the two arenas are the so-called “color-event horizon” of quantum chromodynamics, and the (de)accelerations involved in such scattering processes. Both phenomena point to the Unruh (and related Hawking)-type effects. After the first pioneering investigations, such research studies continued, including studie

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Brandner, Kay. "Coherent Transport in Periodically Driven Mesoscopic Conductors: From Scattering Amplitudes to Quantum Thermodynamics." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 75, no. 5 (2020): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2020-0056.

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AbstractScattering theory is a standard tool for the description of transport phenomena in mesoscopic systems. Here, we provide a detailed derivation of this method for nano-scale conductors that are driven by oscillating electric or magnetic fields. Our approach is based on an extension of the conventional Lippmann–Schwinger formalism to systems with a periodically time-dependent Hamiltonian. As a key result, we obtain a systematic perturbation scheme for the Floquet scattering amplitudes that describes the transition of a transport carrier through a periodically driven sample. Within a gener

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Sutantyo, T. E. P., Z. Zettira, A. Fahriza, and Z. Abdullah. "Performance of 3D quantum Otto engine with partial thermalization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2734, no. 1 (2024): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2734/1/012031.

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Abstract We investigate the phenomenon of partial thermalization in the context of the efficiency at maximum power (EMP) for a quantum Otto engine. This engine utilizes Bose-Einstein Condensation in a cubic potential. The occurrence of partial thermalization is observed during a finite-time isochoric process, preventing the system from reaching an equilibrium state with the reservoirs and leaving it in a state of residual coherence. The engine’s performance can be evaluated based on its power output and EMP. The cubic potential is employed to induce energy excitation during the expansion and c

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Karbowski, Jan. "Information Thermodynamics: From Physics to Neuroscience." Entropy 26, no. 9 (2024): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26090779.

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This paper provides a perspective on applying the concepts of information thermodynamics, developed recently in non-equilibrium statistical physics, to problems in theoretical neuroscience. Historically, information and energy in neuroscience have been treated separately, in contrast to physics approaches, where the relationship of entropy production with heat is a central idea. It is argued here that also in neural systems, information and energy can be considered within the same theoretical framework. Starting from basic ideas of thermodynamics and information theory on a classic Brownian pa

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Maskawa, Jun-ichi. "Empirical Study on Fluctuation Theorem for Volatility Cascade Processes in Stock Markets." Entropy 27, no. 4 (2025): 435. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040435.

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This study investigates the properties of financial markets that arise from the multi-scale structure of volatility, particularly intermittency, by employing robust theoretical tools from nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Intermittency in velocity fields along spatial and temporal axes is a well-known phenomenon in developed turbulence, with extensive research dedicated to its structures and underlying mechanisms. In turbulence, such intermittency is explained through energy cascades, where energy injected at macroscopic scales is transferred to microscopic scales. Similarly, analogous cascade pr

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Ruiz, Alejandro. "Dynamic Balance: A Thermodynamic Principle for the Emergence of the Golden Ratio in Open Non-Equilibrium Steady States." Entropy 27, no. 7 (2025): 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070745.

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We develop a symmetry-based variational theory that shows the coarse-grained balance of work inflow to heat outflow in a driven, dissipative system relaxed to the golden ratio. Two order-2 Möbius transformations—a self-dual flip and a self-similar shift—generate a discrete non-abelian subgroup of PGL(2,Q(5)). Requiring any smooth, strictly convex Lyapunov functional to be invariant under both maps enforces a single non-equilibrium fixed point: the golden mean. We confirm this result by (i) a gradient-flow partial-differential equation, (ii) a birth–death Markov chain whose continuum limit is F

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