Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stock option practice

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Stock option practice'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Stock option practice"

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Shinozaki, Shinya, Hiroshi Moriyasu, and Konari Uchida. "Shareholder Composition and Managerial Compensation." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 51, no. 5 (2016): 1719–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109016000636.

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Stock options are used only sparingly in Japan. Japanese firms are more likely to adopt new stock option plans when they are more (less) owned by arms-length investors (stable and controlling shareholders). Those firms have significantly more independent boards and pay higher dividends surrounding the adoption year than their industry peers. These results suggest that firms adopting stock options endeavor to meet demands for good governance practice from arms-length shareholders and to follow good governance practices in other dimensions. The coexistence of arms-length, stable, and controlling
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Seamer, Michael, and Adrian Melia. "Remunerating non-executive directors with stock options: who is ignoring the regulator?" Accounting Research Journal 28, no. 3 (2015): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-12-2013-0092.

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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the incidence of remunerating Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)-listed non-executive directors (NEDs) with options and to determine whether companies that fail to adhere to NED remuneration recommendations share a common corporate governance profile. Despite corporate regulators condemning the practice of remunerating NEDs with stock options, there is a paucity of evidence regarding its prevalence in Australia. Design/methodology/approach – Focusing on ASX400 companies during 2008, a series of hypotheses relating NED stock option remuneration and cor
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Lew, Albert Y., and Joseph F. Schirger. "Accounting For Employee Stock Options As Contingencies." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 10, no. 1 (2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v10i1.5959.

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<span>The accounting profession has long attempted to improve the disclosure of compensatory stock option information in financial reporting. While evidence of inconsistent practice has been publicized and acknowledged, suggestions for readjustment center largely around technicalities. The purpose of this article is to: (1) identify the inherent weakness of existing accounting principles on stock options, and (2) propose a new framework to account for employee stock options so that conflicting issues can be resolved in theory as well as in accounting practice.</span>
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EKSTRÖM, ERIK, and JOHAN TYSK. "OPTIONS WRITTEN ON STOCKS WITH KNOWN DIVIDENDS." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 07, no. 07 (2004): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024904002694.

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There are two common methods for pricing European call options on a stock with known dividends. The market practice is to use the Black–Scholes formula with the stock price reduced by the present value of the dividends. An alternative approach is to increase the strike price with the dividends compounded to expiry at the risk-free rate. These methods correspond to different stock price models and thus in general give different option prices. In the present paper we generalize these methods to time- and level-dependent volatilities and to arbitrary contract functions. We show, for convex contra
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Mohliver, Aharon. "How Misconduct Spreads: Auditors’ Role in the Diffusion of Stock-option Backdating." Administrative Science Quarterly 64, no. 2 (2018): 310–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839218763595.

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I study the role of external auditors in the diffusion of stock-option backdating in the U.S. to explore the role of professional experts in the diffusion of innovative practices that subvert stakeholders’ interests. Practices that are eventually accepted as misconduct may emerge as liminal practices—ethically and legally questionable but not clearly illegitimate or outlawed—and not be categorized as misconduct until social control agents notice, scrutinize, and react to them. I examine how the role of external auditors in the diffusion of stock-option backdating changed as the practice shifte
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Xu, Liu. "The application of the improved option parity arbitrage model in SSE 50ETF option." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301169.

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The SSE 50ETF option is China's first stock index option product launched in 2015. For a number of reasons, the options market can sometimes create arbitrage opportunities. Based on the theory of option parity arbitrage and taking into account the transaction costs, this paper explores effective options arbitrage strategies and practices them. Based on the theory of option parity arbitrage and taking into account the transaction costs, this paper establishes an effective option arbitrage strategy model and puts it into practice. The results show that there are indeed arbitrage opportunities in
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HENDERSON, VICKY, JIA SUN, and A. ELIZABETH WHALLEY. "THE VALUE OF BEING LUCKY: OPTION BACKDATING AND NONDIVERSIFIABLE RISK." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 24, no. 04 (2021): 2150023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024921500230.

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The practice of executives influencing their option compensation by setting a grant date retrospectively is known as backdating. Since executive stock options are usually granted at-the-money, selecting an advantageous grant date to coincide with a low stock price will be valuable to an executive. Empirical evidence shows that backdating of executive stock option grants was prevalent, particularly at firms with highly volatile stock prices. Executives who have the opportunity to backdate should take this into account in their valuation. We quantify the value to a risk averse executive of a luc
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Kalra, Neha, and Dr Rajesh Bagga. "A Review of Employee Stock Option Plans: Panacea or Pandora’s Box for Firm Performance." International Journal of Management Excellence 10, no. 1 (2017): 1201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v10i1.949.

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Employee stock option Plans (ESOPs) have gathered enormous attention in recent decades and have become the most controversial component of the compensation package. Organizations around the globe have been using ESOPs to compensate their employees at managerial and non-managerial levels. While traditionally the stock options were reserved for top management employees, lately there has been strong growth of broad-based plans primarily to increase firm value. Recent literature examining the effects of broad-based stock options are not limited to executive but available for all employees (Core an
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Schoenmakers, John G. M., and Peter E. Kloeden. "Robust option replication for a Black-Scholes model extended with nondeterministic trends." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 12, no. 2 (1999): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s104895339900012x.

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Statistical analysis on various stocks reveals long range dependence behavior of the stock prices that is not consistent with the classical Black and Scholes model. This memory or nondeterministic trend behavior is often seen as a reflection of market sentiments and causes that the historical volatility estimator becomes unreliable in practice. We propose an extension of the Black and Scholes model by adding a term to the original Wiener term involving a smoother process which accounts for these effects. The problem of arbitrage will be discussed. Using a generalized stochastic integration the
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Athar, Mahmood. "Employee Stock Option Plans: A Meta-Analysis (Understanding Impact of Esops Through Literature)." Studies in Business and Economics 15, no. 1 (2020): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2020-0009.

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AbstractThe usage of psychological ownership as an HR practice has been of a relatively recent origin. It is fast being recognized as a useful tool in the area of human resource management. Employee Stock Option Plans are being used as a technique to propagate psychological ownership and gain many advantages including a competitive edge. This paper explores the available literature on psychological ownership in general and Employee Stock Option plans in particular over a thirty year period from 1988 till 2018. An attempt has been made to integrate all matter into a theoretical model indicating
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stock option practice"

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Chen, Xiaoying. "Risk alignment or reward to effort? option compensation in practice /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=kent1154972501.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2006.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 11, 2009). Advisor: Mark E. Holder. Keywords: corporate governance, executive compensation, employee stock options. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-84).
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Lai, Eugene Chang Fu. "An investigation into optimal stock option compensation : a thesis presented in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Finance at Massey University." Massey University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1344.

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Throughout twentieth century, it has become increasingly common for executives to be remunerated with stock options, contracts which allow the recipient to buy company stock at a predetermined price, thus giving the incentive to maximize the stock price in order to increase the value of the stock option contract. Not only has stock option compensation become increasingly prevalent to executives at most major listed companies, but also to employees at all levels of the firm, both big and small. However, along with the growth in popularity, stock option compensation also became a topic of conten
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Chng, Han Ming Daniel. "The effects of interests and institutional influences on organizational adoptions over time and across practices." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3760.

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Books on the topic "Stock option practice"

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Gravelle, Jane. The Enron debacle: Lessons for tax policy. Urban Institute, 2003.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Financial Management, the Budget, and International Security. Oversight hearing on expensing stock options: Supporting and strengthening the independence of the Financial Accounting Standards Board : hearing before the Financial Management, the Budget, and International Security Subcommittee of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, April 20, 2004. U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Stock options backdating: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, on the practice of retroactively changing grant dates in order for executives to benefit from a lower exercise price, Wednesday, September 6, 2006. U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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Stock options backdating: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, on the practice of retroactively changing grant dates in order for executives to benefit from a lower exercise price, Wednesday, September 6, 2006. U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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United, States Congress Senate Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs. Stock options backdating: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, on the practice of retroactively changing grant dates in order for executives to benefit from a lower exercise price, Wednesday, September 6, 2006. U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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Commission, New Zealand Securities. Report of the Securities Commission on its Enquiry into Trading in the five year government stock no. 2: Futures contract on the New Zealand Futures and Options Exchange in 1989. Securities Commission, 1990.

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Weeden, Ryan. Current practices in stock option plan design. National Center for Employee Ownership, 1999.

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Ville, Thomas J. St. Stock options and other equity-based compensation arrangements (Corporate practice series). Bureau of National Affairs, 2000.

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Weeden, Ryan. Current Practices in Stock Option Plan Design: Results and analysis from the latest NCEO survey of companies with broad-based stock option plans. 2nd ed. National Center for Employee Ownership, 2001.

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(Editor), John Knight, and S. Satchell (Editor), eds. Forecasting Volatility: Theory & Practice. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stock option practice"

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Michalopoulos, Michael, and Constantin Zopounidis. "A Case Study of Use of Artificial Options in the Athens Stock Exchange." In Managing in Uncertainty: Theory and Practice. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2845-3_11.

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W. Ngatia, Lucy, Daniel Moriasi, Johnny M. Grace III, Riqiang Fu, Cassel S. Gardner, and Robert W. Taylor. "Land Use Change Affects Soil Organic Carbon: An Indicator of Soil Health." In Environmental Health [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95764.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major indicator of soil health. Globally, soil contains approximately 2344 Gt of organic carbon (OC), which is the largest terrestrial pool of OC. Through plant growth, soil health is connected with the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems. Provides ecosystem services which include climate regulation, water supplies and regulation, nutrient cycling, erosion protection and enhancement of biodiversity. Global increase in land use change from natural vegetation to agricultural land has been documented as a result of intensification of agricultural practices in response to an increasing human population. Consequently, these changes have resulted in depletion of SOC stock, thereby negatively affecting agricultural productivity and provision of ecosystem services. This necessitates the need to consider technological options that promote retention of SOC stocks. Options to enhance SOC include; no-tillage/conservation agriculture, irrigation, increasing below-ground inputs, organic amendments, and integrated, and diverse cropping/farming systems. In addition, land use conversion from cropland to its natural vegetation improves soil C stocks, highlighting the importance of increasing agricultural production per unit land instead of expanding agricultural land to natural areas.
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"What an Employee Should Know About His or Her Stock Options." In Executive Compensation Best Practices. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119197621.app6.

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Adejumo, Oluwabunmi Opeyemi, Uchenna R. Efobi, and Simplice A. Asongu. "Financing Sustainable Development in Africa." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4817-2.ch009.

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Actualizing sustainable development in Africa will require enormous economic resources. This implies that there must be a clear balance of prioritization of financing options on what works best for development in this region without further escalating other societal problems. The authors argue in the chapter that though there has been some benefit from the traditional means of financing development in Africa, some drawbacks still exist considering the rising rate of inequality and poverty head-count in the region. On this note, this present study examines financing options that have previously been advocated for in financing development in the African region (i.e., taking stock), such as development assistance and foreign investment, by considering its implication on development outcomes like poverty, inequality, and aggregate human development indicator in the region.
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Hansen, Laura Pinto. "Regulatory Ambiguity." In Handbook of Research on Theory and Practice of Financial Crimes. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5567-5.ch008.

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Ordinarily “black money” is considered a part of illegal transactions involving cash payments. However, in the case of illegal insider trading, illegal profits are often hidden in the purchase of luxury items and financial investments through offshore accounts. Aiding in this particular white-collar crime is the ambiguity of regulation, often dependent on the political whims of whatever party is in office at the time. Adding to the confusion is the fact that in some cases, “insider traders” are acting legitimately, as in the case of senior executives with stock buying options within their compensation or with lower-level employees participating in employee stock ownership programs (ESOPs). Though there are exhaustive ways by which illegal trading information is passed around, there are certain industries, including finance, that lend themselves to greater risk for employee involvement in illegal insider trading. This chapter includes discussions of mergers and acquisitions frenzies, as well as hedge funds and their contributions to illegal insider trading.
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Summuna, Baby, Sachin Gupta, and Moni Gupta. "Diseases of Potato." In Sustainable Potato Production and the Impact of Climate Change. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1715-3.ch011.

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Potato production is seriously compromised due to prevalence of a number of diseases and they are the major constraints in potato production resulting in significant yield reduction. Integrated disease management of potato includes regular inspection for healthy seed or nursery, crop production, correct identification of the problem, cultural practices (crop rotation, sanitation etc.), biological control, soil fumigation (if necessary), seed or nursery stock treatment and disinfestations of cutting tools. Due to the ever increasing number of new fungicide resistant fungal pathogens, proper and timely diagnosis of potato diseases is becoming paramount to effective disease management, and growers need up-to-date information to help make important decisions on optimal use and timing of pesticides and other control options.
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Galpin, Timothy. "Formulate a Clear M&A Strategy." In Winning at the Acquisition Game. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858560.003.0002.

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Mergers and acquisitions are a strategic choice. Favorable regulatory environments, economic expansion, the emergence of new technologies, high stock prices, and liquidity in credit markets have all contributed to creating “waves” of M&amp;A characterized by periods of high and low transaction volumes. M&amp;A is a high-risk growth strategy, with ample evidence demonstrating that buyers struggle to capture value from their transactions. Yet, the Oxford M&amp;A Insights Project found that almost two-thirds (64%) of respondents indicated that their company is “very likely” or “likely” to conduct future transactions. This chapter provides an overview of the strategic options for M&amp;A and how firms develop their M&amp;A strategies. The tools, templates, best practices, potential pitfalls, and a case example of how to go about setting a clear M&amp;A strategy are also addressed, along with the main participants, core activities, buyer’s and seller’s perspectives, and key cross-border considerations.
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"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by Michael L. Jones and James R. Bence. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch49.

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&lt;em&gt;Abstract.&lt;/em&gt;—Many fishery management decisions continue to be guided by science only through “best guess” interpretation of assessment information and deterministic models of fisheries and food webs; until very recently this was true of nearly all fishery management in the Great Lakes. However, fishery management decisions can be improved by formally considering uncertainty when evaluating management options; practical tools for doing this have become increasingly available. Accounting for uncertainty is important because acting as though the best guess is true may be substantially suboptimal if this leads to poor performance for other less likely, but still plausible, “states of the world.” For a variety of critical Great Lakes fishery management issues, including determining appropriate investments in sea lamprey &lt;em&gt;Petromyzon marinus &lt;/em&gt;control, setting suitable levels of salmonine stocking, and establishing percid harvest policies, are considered. In each case, the authors worked closely with fishery managers to conduct a decision analysis of management options they identified, using contemporary statistical methods to formally assess uncertainty about key fishery parameters and stochastic simulation to compare management options. These decision analyses were used by fishery managers to develop policies that more objectively account for uncertainty and to garner support from stakeholders and policy makers. The approach shows considerable promise for future fishery management in the Great Lakes, but may face substantial challenges as managers seek to more effectively involve stakeholders throughout the process, foster the requisite technical expertise within their agencies, and communicate the results of highly technical analyses to both stakeholders and decision makers. Three important aspects of salmon Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim region management for which a decision analysis approach would be particularly valuable are (1) the evaluation of different options for assessment sampling of returning adult salmon, used to determine whether escapement targets are being met; (2) strategies for in-season management of salmon harvest; and (3) setting annual escapement goals for individual stocks.
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Iqbal, Badar, and Munir Hasan. "Doha Development Round." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4639-1.ch006.

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More than 11 years have passed and Doha Development Round (DDR) has been in the doldrums, having full uncertainties that may result in closure. Trade negotiations are at a standstill, resulting in revivalism of trade protectionism in the name of “new regionalism” or preferential agreements (India-Japan, India-EU). This would lead to dismantling multilateral trading system for which World Trade Organization was created in January 1995. It is vital to protect and preserve the gains of the WTO in a variety of related areas. Therefore, the success of a multilateral trading system is imperative, and this could only be possible when DDR is successful and revivalism takes place. If impasse is continued, the concept and practices of free trade would be transformed into trade protectionism in the name of new regionalism. If it happens, then the future of global trade is uncertain and there would be enormous loss of potential and opportunities of creation of trade, and no country could afford it. Doha is stuck. Where do we go from here? The present chapter analyses the issues relating to the closure vs. success of the DDR. Every effort must be made to keep it alive both in the interest of mankind and the globe. If in 12th round, nothing concrete comes up, then the member countries are thinking and planning to replace it by Global Recovery Round (GRR), which is becoming more significant to deal with. Hence, this chapter attempts to examine the three options, namely closure, revival, and replace.
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"of control. The state of Queensland has generous expertise in this area, with the CSIRO Division of Entomology – Lands Department group in Brisbane boasting spectacular success against Salvinia and Eichhornia, and near the reservoir at James Cook University a USDA unit was involved in successes with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) (see Chapter 12) using a range of stem-boring and leaf-mining insects (Balciunas et al. 1993). One might consider the herbivorous grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, originally from China, more as a harvester than a biological control agent. This fish grazes on submerged weeds such as Hydrilla, Myriophyllum, Chara, Potamogeton and Ceratophyllum, and at stocking rates of 75 fish/ha control is rapidly achieved. Some introductions in the USA have resulted in removal of all vegetation (Leslie et al. 1987), and in the Australian context the use of sterile (triploid) fish (Cassani and Canton 1985) could be the only consideration. However, in view of the damage already done by grass carp to some inland waterways in Australia, it is suspected that this option would be greeted with horror. Mechanical control involves the physical removal of weeds from a problem area and is useful in situations where the use of herbicides is not practical or poses risks to human health or the environment. Mobile harvesters sever, lift and carry plants to the shore. Most are intended for harvesting submerged plants, though some have been designed or adapted to harvest floating plants. Handling the harvested weed is a problem because of their enormous water content, therefore choppers are often incorporated into harvesting machinery design. However, many mechanical harvesters have a small capacity and the process of disposing of harvested plant material is time-consuming. Any material that remains may affect water quality during the decay process by depleting the water of oxygen. Furthermore, nutrients released by decay may cause algal blooms (Mitchell 1978). Another disadvantage of mechanical removal is that disturbance often promotes rapid new growth and germination of seed, and encourages the spread of weed by fragmentation. Some direct uses of macrophytes include the following: livestock food; protein extraction; manufacture of yeast; production of alcohol and other by-products; the formation of composts, mulches and fertilizers; and use for methane generation (Williams 1977). Herbicides either kill on contact, or after translocation through the plant. Some are residual and retain their toxicity for a period of time. Where herbicides are used for control of plants, some contamination of the water is inevitable (Bill 1977). The degree of contamination depends on the toxicity of the material, its fate and persistence in the water, the concentration used and the main purpose served by the water. After chemical defoliation of aquatic vegetation, the masses of decaying organic debris produced can interfere with fish production. Several factors must be taken into account when selecting and adapting herbicides for aquatic purposes, including: type of water use; toxicity of the herbicide to humans, fish, stock, and wildlife; rate of disappearance of residues, species affected and duration of control; concentration of herbicide; and cost (Bill 1977). The TVA has successfully used EPA-approved herbicides such as Endothall, Diquat, Fluridone and Komeen against Hydrilla (Burns et al. 1992), and a list of approved." In Water Resources. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-40.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stock option practice"

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Nishida, R. T., S. B. Beale, and J. G. Pharoah. "Comparison of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Performance Using Detailed and Simplified Models." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2013-18137.

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Two computational fluid dynamics models have been developed to predict the performance of a solid oxide fuel cell stack, a detailed and a simplified model. In the detailed model, the three dimensional momentum, heat, and species transport equations are coupled with electrochemistry. In the simplified model, the diffusion terms in the transport equations are selectively replaced by rate terms within the core region of the stack. This allows much coarser meshes to be employed at a fraction of the computational cost. Following the mathematical description of the problem, results for a single cell
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Yang, Won Jun, Tong Seop Kim, Jae Hwan Kim, Jeong L. Sohn, and Sung Tack Ro. "Comparative Performance Assessment of Pressurized Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems Considering Various Design Options." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68533.

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This study aims at presenting important aspects in developing the pressurized SOFC/GT hybrid system, such as different types of system configurations, characteristics of matching between SOFC and GT and effects of design constraints. Assorted system configurations, depending on component design technologies, are analyzed and their performances are comparatively evaluated. Various options considered are internal and external reforming processes, reforming steam supply methods and reforming heat sources. Performances are examined in terms of matching of cell temperature and turbine inlet tempera
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Alcock, A. C., S. Balonji, and L. K. Tartibu. "Numerical Analysis of the Performance of an Adjustable Thermoacoustically-Driven Thermo-Acoustic Refrigerator." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11182.

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Abstract Thermo-acoustic refrigeration could potentially become an alternative option to current traditional refrigeration systems provided that the issue related to its efficiency is addressed. One of the incentives for developing this technology is the opportunity it establishes with respect to the use of a sustainable heat source to induce cooling. Many existing works have pointed out the relationship between the geometrical configuration of the device and its performance. Mainly, the stack geometry and position have been the focus of these previous works. In this work, a standing-wave Ther
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Franco Delgado, Ernesto, Felix Jahn, Liam Weir, Brian Bruce, and Nestor Carreno. "Bicentric Milling Approach Enables the Recovery of the Horizontal Section of an Unconventional Well in Turkey." In SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204426-ms.

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Abstract During the completion phase of an unconventional well in Turkey, casing deformation represented a challenge to the operator and Coiled Tubing (CT) service provider due to the potential loss of almost 70% of the horizontal section. The deformation obstructed the path to continue the milling the remaining plugs. The implementation of bicentric mills and Multi-Cycling Circulation Valve (MCCV) incorporated in the milling assembly allowed efficient recovery of the horizontal section. The tubing condition analysis done by the engineering team showed that symmetric mills would not be benefic
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Ghezel-Ayagh, Hossein, Joseph McInerney, Ramki Venkataraman, Mohammad Farooque, and Robert Sanderson. "Development of Direct Carbonate Fuel Cell Systems for Achieving Ultra High Efficiency." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33103.

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FuelCell Energy, Inc (FCE) has developed products based on its Direct FuelCell® (DFC®) technology with efficiencies near 50 percent based on lower heating value of (LHV) of natural gas. DFC is an internally reformed molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) which operates in the 550–700 C range. The combination of the internal reforming of methane and atmospheric pressure and moderately high temperature of operation has resulted in very simple power plant system configurations. Recently, FCE has developed system concepts to further increase the net electric efficiency to beyond 60% efficiency in subMW
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Krupp, Andreas, Anette Beckmann, and Dieter Kraus. "Practical experience in the use of a newly developed fluorescence sensor for the continuous detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in stack gases by means of fiber optical laser-induced fluorescence." In European Symposium on Optics for Environmental and Public Safety, edited by George M. Russwurm. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.221085.

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Iden, Michael E. "U.S. Freight Rail Fuel Efficiency: 1920-2015 Review and Discussion of Future Trends." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1296.

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Abstract:
U.S. freight railroads produce about 40 percent of freight gross ton-miles while consuming only about 1/20th of the total U.S. diesel fuel1. Compared to heavy-duty trucks, freight railroads have significant energy (and emissions) advantages including the low coefficient of friction of steel wheel-on-rail (compared to rubber tires-on-pavement) and multiple-vehicle trains. However, improved heavy-duty truck technologies are being federally-funded and developed which may create some challenges to freight rail’s long-standing environmental (and economic) advantage in certain transportation markets
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