Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stockage profond de déchets radioactifs'
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Albina, Pierre. "Bioréactivité des nitrates en contexte de stockage de déchets radioactifs profond." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30286.
Full textFrance has the project to dispose long-lived intermediate-level radioactive waste (ILW-LL) in a deep geological repository. The radioactive waste is loaded with nitrate salts and after thousands of years, the release of nitrates could promote the mobility of radionuclides out of the waste. However, in the presence of organic matter or hydrogen, bacterial activity can theoretically reduce nitrate to smaller nitrogen species through denitrification. The first objective of this thesis is to evaluate the ability of bacteria to adapt to the environment near the waste, i.e. in the absence of oxygen, at alkaline pH between 9 and 13, in the presence of high nitrate concentrations, in the presence of an organic (acetate) or mineral (hydrogen) electrons donor and in the presence of solid cement and solid steel. The second objective is to quantify nitrate reduction kinetics under the conditions described above. Bacterial reduction of nitrates was observed up to pH 11 and 400 mM of nitrates in the presence of acetate and up to pH 10.5 and 150 mM of nitrates in the presence of hydrogen. In the presence of hydrogen, nitrate reduction kinetics were generally slower and bacteria were more sensitive to alkaline pH than heterotrophic bacteria using acetate. This is a consequence of the low solubility of hydrogen, the mineral carbon assimilation expense for bacteria and the alkalinisation during denitrification in the presence of hydrogen. In the presence of acetate the pH equilibrate toward 10, due to CO2 generation when acetate is oxidized. Finally, while the presence of solid cement did not have a significant impact on bacterial activity, solid steel stimulated the reduction of nitrates
El, Hajj Hicham. "Influence des microorganismes sur la corrosion d'un acier non allié dans le contexte du stockage géologique profond des déchets radioactifs." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=397c2bb8-8188-4b61-8e58-08c29f497524.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is part of a research program conducted by Andra (The French national agency for the management of radioactive wastes). It concerns the possible deep geological disposal of high-level and intermediate-level long-lived nuclear waste. In this work, microbiological analysis was used to characterize and identify the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) that are present in Callovian-Oxfordian claystone samples, this material being studied as a host rock formation for a disposal site. The effect of the SRB on the corrosion of the P235GH steel containers and liners to be used in the disposal site has been studied. The corrosion rate of the steel coupons measured in batch experiments was high under biotic conditions (~30 μm/year) with the precipitation of mackinawite (FeS) whereas a sterilized blank showed a lower corrosion rate (~14 μm/year). Percolation experiments with claystone cores and steel coupons at 120 bar, simulating compacted conditions expected in disposal conditions, gave results similar to those obtained in batch experiments (e. G. Sulfide production, sulfate reduction). This indicates the plausibility of SRB growth during the construction and operational phases of the repository and, if water is available, their survival, at least temporarily, after the disposal site closure. This microbial activity could lead to an increase of the steel corrosion rate by a factor of two
Rousset, Gilles. "Comportement mecanique des argiles profondes : application au stockage de dechets radioactifs." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENPCA005.
Full textTournassat, Christophe. "Interactions cations - argiles : le cas du Fe(II). Application au contexte de stockage profond des déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00710111.
Full textPerlot, Céline. "INFLUENCE DE LA DÉCALCIFICATION DE MATERIAUX CIMENTAIRES SUR LES PROPRIÉTÉS DE TRANSFERT : APPLICATION AU STOCKAGE PROFOND DE DÉCHETS RADIOACTIFS." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274268.
Full textIl convient de s'assurer de la pérennité de cette structure pendant une durée au moins égale à celle de la vie des déchets (jusqu'à 100 000 ans). Sa durabilité a été éprouvée par l'évolution des propriétés de transfert en fonction de la décalcification de matériaux cimentaires, altération traduisant le vieillissement de l'ouvrage.
Deux modes de dégradation ont ainsi été appliqués tenant compte des différentes interactions physico-chimiques induites par la formation hôte.
Le premier, de type statique, a consisté en une décalcification accélérée par le nitrate d'ammonium. Il simule l'altération de la barrière ouvragée par les eaux souterraines. La cinétique de la dégradation a été estimée par le suivi du calcium lixivié et l'avancée du front de dissolution de l'hydroxyde de calcium.
Pour évaluer l'impact de la décalcification, les échantillons ont été caractérisés à l'état sain puis dégradé, en termes de microstructure (porosité, distribution porosimétrique) et de propriétés de transfert (diffusivité, perméabilité au gaz et à l'eau).
L'influence de la nature du liant (CEM I et CEM V/A) et des granulats (calcaires et siliceux) a été observée en répétant les essais sur différentes formulations de mortiers.
A cette occasion, une importante réflexion sur la métrologie de cet essai a été menée.
Le deuxième mode de dégradation, dynamique, a été réalisé par un perméamètre environnemental. Il recrée les sollicitations subies par l'ouvrage lors de sa phase de resaturation post-fermeture (pression hydraulique imposée par la couche géologique et exothermicité des déchets).
Cet appareillage, basé sur le principe d'une cellule triaxiale, a permis de fixer un gradient de pression entre 2 et 10 MPa et une température de 20 à 80°C. La variation de la perméabilité à l'eau en fonction de ces deux paramètres expérimentaux, découplés et couplés, a été mesurée et reliée aux modifications microstructurales des échantillons.
Mots clés : décalcification, CEM I, CEM V/A, diffusivité, perméabilité au gaz, perméabilité à l'eau, porosimétrie mercure, dégradation par nitrate d'ammonium, perméamètre environnemental, gradient de pression, température, stockage nucléaire souterrain.
Perlot, Céline. "Influence de la décalcification de matériaux cimentaires sur les propriétés de transfert : application au stockage profond de déchets radioactifs." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30211.
Full textCementitious materials have been selected to compose engineering barrier system (EBS) of the french radioactive waste deep repository, because of concrete physico-chemical properties: the hydrates of the cementitious matrix and the pH of the pore solution contribute to radionuclides retention; furthermore the compactness of these materials limits elements transport. The confinement capacity of the system has to be assessed while a period at least equivalent to waste activity (up to 100. 000 years). His durability was sustained by the evolution of transfer properties in accordance with cementitious materials decalcification, alteration that expresses structure long-term behavior. Then, two degradation modes were carried out, taking into account the different physical and chemical interactions imposed by the host formation. The first mode, a static one, was an accelerated decalcification using nitrate ammonium solution. It replicates EBS alteration dues to underground water. Degradation kinetic was estimated by the amount of calcium leached and the measurement of the calcium hydroxide dissolution front. To evaluate the decalcification impact, samples were characterized before and after degradation in term of microstructure (porosity, pores size distribution) and of transfer properties (diffusivity, gas and water permeability). The influence of cement nature (ordinary Portland cement, blended cement) and aggregates type (lime or siliceous) was observed: experiments were repeated on different mortars mixes. On this occasion, an essential reflection on this test metrology was led. The second mode, a dynamical degradation, was performed with an environmental permeameter. It recreates the EBS solicitations ensured during the resaturation period, distinguished by the hydraulic pressure imposed by the geologic layer and the waste exothermicity. This apparatus, based on triaxial cell functioning, allows to applied on samples pressure drop between 2 and 10 MPa and temperature from 20 to 80°C. Water permeability evolution relating to experimental parameters, uncoupled or coupled, was relied to mortars microstructural modifications
Bahlouli, Mohamed Haythem. "Modélisation couplée des écoulements liquide-gaz et de l'hydro-mécanique dans un stockage géologique de déchets radioactifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025TLSEP028.
Full textAs a safe long-term management of nuclear waste, deep geological disposal was proposed and is the widely accepted approach to deal with high-level radioactive waste. It is currently being under study in several countries. The long-term safety in a deep geological repository (DGR) is ensured through a multi-barrier system provided by engineered barrier and natural barrier systems. In most multi-barrier system concepts in crystalline and clay rock, argillaceous materials (clay rock or bentonite) are envisaged to use for barrier elements. Due to its very low hydraulic conductivity, low molecular diffusion and significant radionuclide retention capacity, COx claystone is considered as a potential geological host formation for an industrial radioactive waste repository in France. The performance of the host rock and engineered barriers in the construction phase and in a long-term perspective (thousands to million of years) is of primary importance for predicting the risk of dissemination of radioactivity. After the deep geological repository is closed and sealed, significant gas quantity can be generated due to several processes such as the anaerobic metal corrosion, water radiolysis and microbial reactions. Predicting gas flow in low-permeable, saturated materials is a challenging but important task in the risk assessment of a deep geological repository. Pressure build-up and gas migration in host rock and engineered barriers constitute a highly coupled hydro-mechanical (HM) process, and may contribute to the development of preferential gas pathways either by gas-induced micro-fracturing or macro-fracturing. In current numerical studies some behaviors still cannot be well represented, in particular, it is challenging to explain the gas migration behavior in the gas injection tests conducted on the clayey rock and barriers materials. Therefore, to better represent the actual physical process of gas flow, several modeling frameworks are proposed in the present thesis: single-phase gas flow (H2), two-phase water-gas multi-component flow (air, H2), and hydro-mechanical coupling (poro-elasticity). Two-phase gas-water flow in the waste cell model at different scales (a single waste cell contains several High Level Waste containers) is used here to quantitatively study transient hydraulic water-gas phenomena, such as gas pressure evolution and clayey rock desaturation. A wide range of scenarios and hypotheses is tested to assess significant differences between different scenarios in controlling gas migration and the transition from single phase water saturated conditions to two-phase and single phase gas. Although efficient in studying gas migration in presence of hydrogen only, the proposed models has presented a major limitation because of the difficulty in assessing gas phase evolution in presence of air. Multiphase flow of water with a gas phase (hydrogen and air) together with consideration of dissolved hydrogen, air and water vapor diffusion, is studied using equation of state EOS7R (water, brine, RN1, RN2, air) of the TOUGH2 family of codes. We have implemented code enhancements and post-processing scripts, which enhanced our capabilities in analyzing and interpreting results. A separate study of single phase gas flow was developed in order to assess analytically the sensitivity of gas flow phenomena to various rock parameters, including for instance the Klinkenberg effect due to gas slippage at low pressure in tight pores. Concerning the hydromechanical coupling, an extensive review was developed, including poroelastic coupling in the presence of gas. A linear poroelastic model based on Biot theory is studied and implemented in the Finite Elements software COMSOL Multiphysics. The coupling allows us to capture the interaction between fluid pressure variation and the stresses and strains in the porous rock (drained and undrained tests)
Liu, JiangFeng. "Etanchéité de l’interface argilite-bentonite re-saturée et soumise à une pression de gaz, dans le contexte du stockage profond de déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0011/document.
Full textIn France, the deep underground nuclear waste repository consists of a natural barrier (in an argillaceous rock named argillite), associated to artificial barriers, including plugs of swelling clay (bentonite)-sand for tunnel sealing purposes. The main objective of this thesis is to assess the sealing efficiency of the bentonite-sand plug in contact with argillite, in presence of both water and gas pressures. To assess the sealing ability of partially water-saturated bentonite/sand plugs, their gas permeability is measured under varying confining pressure (up to 12MPa). It is observed that tightness to gas is achieved under confinement greater than 9MPafor saturation levels of at least 86-91%. We than assess the sealing efficiency of the bentonite-sand plug placed in a tube of argillite or of Plexiglas-aluminium (with a smooth or a rough interface). The presence of pressurized gas affects the effective swelling pressure at values Pgas from 4MPa. Continuous gas breakthrough of fully water-saturated bentonite-sand plugs is obtained for gas pressures on the order of full swelling pressure (7-8MPa), whenever the plug is applied along a smooth interface. Whenever a rough interface is used in contact with the bentonite-sand plug, a gas pressure significantly greater than its swelling pressure is needed for gas to pass continuously. Gas breakthrough tests show that the interface between plug/argillite or the argillite itself are two preferential pathways for gas migration, when the assembly is fully saturated
Liu, Jiangfeng. "Etanchéité de l'interface argilite-bentonite re-saturée et soumise à une pression de gaz, dans le contexte du stockage profond de déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951147.
Full textChautard, Camille. "Interactions fer/argile en conditions de stockage géologique profond : Impact d'activités bactériennes et d'hétérogénéités." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0044.
Full textThis study focuses on the interactions between two materials that may be introduced in a geological disposal of radioactive waste: metallic materials such as the high-level waste overpack, and clay materials such as the clay host rock. Indeed, the interactions between these two materials in such conditions could induce a change of their initial confinement properties. This work aimed at determining the influence of heterogeneities (technological gaps and fractures) and bacterial activities on these interactions, in terms of evolution of chemical and hydraulic properties of clayey materials. To this end, two percolation cells have been conducted during 13 months: the first one with two bacteria (SRB, IRB), the second one without bacteria. These experiments, carried out at 60°C, involved circulating synthetic water representative of the Tournemire pore water through iron powder and through Toarcian artificially cracked argillite from Tournemire. An iron rod was also placed into the argillite. Thus, solid characterizations (SEM, SEM/EDS, Raman, XRD, X-ray tomography) allowed the study of both interfaces: the iron powder/argillite interface and the iron rod/argillite interface.The water probably circulated into the crack during the entire test, which was confirmed by reactive transport modeling with the HYTEC reactive transport code. However, no secondary phase was identified in the crack. In addition, bacteria survival in the biotic cell was confirmed during the experiment by monitoring their population and by analyzing their genetic diversity at the end of the experiment. A strong decrease in sulfate concentration was measured in the output, which confirms the SRB activity.Solid characterization conducted at the end of the experiments have highlighted, with and without bacteria, the occurrence of magnetite and chukanovite in the iron powder, the latter being mainly located close to the argillite interface. In the argillite, a Fe-enriched zone (10 µm) was identified. The mean corrosion rate was estimated at 0.2 µm/y (lower bound). At the iron rod/argillite interface, two corrosion facies were observed. The first, identified in both cells, is mainly constituted of chukanovite in the inner layer and siderite in the outer layer. Extent of the argillite perturbation reaches about 30 µm. The second, only observed with bacteria, highlights the presence of iron sulfide precipitation (mackinawite) and localized corrosion patterns. Finally, HYTEC simulations have enabled us to better understand the observed biogeochemical processes, such as the pH effect, and to better quantify some key kinetic parameters
Perronnet, Murielle. "Réactivité des matériaux argileux dans un contexte de corrosion métallique : application au stockage des déchets radioactifs en site argileux." Phd thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_PERRONNET_M.pdf.
Full textLn order to confine radioactive wastes in deep settings, it is envisaged to use some natural clay materials and bentonites. Their stability when in contact with metallic iron, main component of the canisters, is studied. These studies show that the reactivity of such materials is mainly controlled by those of their dioctaedral smectites and kaolinites. On the contrary, the presence of sulfides stops the Fe(O)-clays reaction. The kind of reaction products depends on the quantity of available metallic iron. When pH is over 7, the Fe(O) is oxidized consecutive to a physical contact with the oxidant agents of the smectite (H+, OH- et Fe3+). This reaction is favored by the heterogeneities of the lateral surfaces of the smectite, which then describes a microenvironments in which some serpentines grow up if the iron supply is sufficient. Such new-crystallizations imply a decrease of the confinement properties of the clay barrier
Verron, Heloïse. "Étude expérimentale des interactions matériau cimento-bentonitique / argilite / fer et acier (MREA/COx/Fe ou acier) à 90°C en conditions de stockage géologique profond des déchets radioactifs (CIGEO)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0205.
Full textIn the current concept of radioactive waste deep geological disposal planned by Andra (CIGEO project), waste containers are stored into disposal cells drilled into the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone (COx) and encircled by a carbon steel liner. COx and in particular its pyrites, can be oxidized during the drilling of cells. Thanks to an original experimental set-up, involving several pyrite/mineral mixtures and a reactor coupled to a micro gas chromatograph, it is demonstrated, based on the measured O2 consumption that at 100°C in presence of calcite, less than 50% of the pyrite is oxidized. This oxidation induces a transient acidic plume and consequently the corrosion of the steel liner. Andra has developed and patented a low-pH (9
Chautard, Camille. "Interactions fer/argile en conditions de stockage géologique profond : Impact d'activités bactériennes et d'hétérogénéités." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01058325.
Full textDoan, Phuong Hoai Linh. "Prise en compte économique du long terme dans les choix énergétiques relatifs à la gestion des déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED050/document.
Full textNowadays, the deep geological repository is generally considered as the reference solution for the definitive management of spent nuclear fuel/high-level waste, but different countries have decided different disposal deployment schedules. Via the economic calculation, we hope to offer some answers to the following question: In terms of disposal time management, how should the present generations, benefiting from the nuclear power generation, bear the costs of radioactive waste management, while taking into account future generations? This thesis proposes to analyze specifically the French decision in its context. We propose a set of tools to evaluate the Utility of the deep geological repository project according to the deployment schedule choices. Our thesis also studies the influence of disposal choices on the nuclear fuel cycle. Beyond, we also take into account the interactions between the deep geological repository, nuclear fleet and cycle choices which constitute a "complete system"
Salles, Fabrice. "Hydratation des argiles gonflantes : séquence d'hydratation multi-échelle : détermination des énergies macroscopiques à partir des propriétés microscopiques." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129414.
Full textHydration of swelling clays : multi-scale sequence of hydration and determination of macroscopic energies from microscopic properties Smectites have interesting properties which make them potential candidates for engineered barriers in deep geological nuclear waste repository : low permeability, swelling and cations retention. The subject of this thesis consists in the determination of the relationship between hydration properties, swelling properties and cations mobility in relation with confinment properties of clayey materials. The aim is to understand and to predict the behaviour of water in smectites, following two research orientations: the mechanistic aspects and the energetic aspects of the hydration of smectites. We worked on the Na-Ca montmorillonite contained in the MX80 bentonite, with the exchanged homoionic structure (saturated with alkaline cations and calcium cations). The approach crosses the various scales (microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic) and implied the study of the various components of the system (layer-cation-water), by using original experimental methods (thermoporometry and electric conductivity for various relative humidities (RH) and electrostatic calculations. Initially, the dry state is defined by SCTA (scanning calorimetry thermal analysis). Then a classical characterization of the smectite porosity for the dry state is carried out usingmercury intrusion and nitrogen adsorption. We evidenced the existence of a mesoporosity which radius varies from 2 to 10 nm depending on the compensating cation. The thermoporometry and conductivity experiments performed at various hydration states made it possible to follow the increase in the pore sizes and the cations mobility as a function of the hydration state. We highlight in particular the existence of an osmotic mesoscopic swelling for low RH (approximately 50-60%RH for Li and Na). By combining the results of thermoporometry, X-ray diffraction and electric conductivity, we are able to propose a complete hydration sequence for each cation, showing the crucial role of the compensating cation in the hydration of smectites : it is responsible for the structure of porosity in a dry state and of the evolution of the pore sizes as a function of the RH and it modifies the hydration sequence by its mobility inside the interlayer space. The distinction between various types of water in the smectite structure is also achieved by thermoporometry at different RH : water bound to the cations and surfaces, water structured by porosity and free water. This distinction is important to understand the behaviour of smectite and in particular the diffusion properties in clayey materials. The importance of the cation nature is also highlighted by the energetic model. Electrostatic calculations using the PACHA formalism (Electronegativities Equalization method) show that, for the small cations, the hydration energy of the layers is predominant. To obtain these results, we determine the surface enthalpies for the dry state, which show a coherent evolution as a function of the cation partial charge with the increase of pore sizes and thus with particle sizes. Then, using a theoretical model, we calculated swelling energies, surface hydration energies and cation hydration energies. The behaviour of mixed purified clay displays a behaviour closer to that of a calcic clay for the experiments carried out, in contradiction with the fact that the Na cation is majoritary. This observation implies results on the clay properties, different from that expected for hydration properties, swelling and interlayer cation mobility within the framework of the radioactive waste
Codina, Maud. "Les bétons bas pH - Formulation, caractérisation et étude à long terme." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199021.
Full textPlusieurs liants incorporant du ciment Portland, de la fumée de silice, des cendres volantes et / ou du laitier sont comparés. Tous ces systèmes sont caractérisés par des teneurs en ajouts très importantes, la fraction de clinker n'étant comprise qu'entre 20 et 60 %.
Après un an d'hydratation, la solution interstitielle des pâtes de liants bas pH présente des pH compris entre 11,7 et 12,2 selon la formulation, réduit de plus d'une unité par rapport aux témoins à base de CEM I ou CEM V. Cette chute de pH (comparé à celui d'un CEM I (13,5)) est concomitante i) d'une forte réduction de la concentration en alcalins dans la solution porale, ii) de la disparition ou de la diminution de la teneur en portlandite dans les matériaux, iii) et de l'enrichissement en silice des C-S-H.
Ces liants ont été utilisés avec succès pour mettre au point des bétons bas pH haute performance (pH de la solution interstitielle compris entre 10,7 et 11,6 selon les liants) avec les outils classiques du génie civil.
Enfin, des études de lixiviation en eau désionisée montrent que les pâtes de liants bas pH se décalcifient environ 4 fois moins vite que celle à base de ciment Portland. Les évolutions minéralogiques et les flux lixiviés par l'eau pure (pH 7) à 25 °C ont pu être modélisés à l'aide du code HYTEC en associant deux modules de réactivité chimique et de transport par diffusion.
Lupan, Dan. "Risques et conséquences économiques du stockage des déchets radioactifs." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10030.
Full textPetit, Jean-Claude. "Le stockage des déchets radioactifs : perspective historique et analyse sociotechnique." Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENMP0419.
Full textREJEB, AMEL. "Comportement thermomecanique du granite. Application au stockage des dechets radioactifs." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0357.
Full textPicard, Jean-Marc. "Ecrouissage thermique des argiles saturées. Application au stockage de déchets radioactifs." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9434.
Full textSorieul, Stéphanie. "Étude des effets d'irradiation dans les montmorillonites. Application au stockage des déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662404.
Full textCoulon, Hervé. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de sédiments argileux français : contribution au stockage de déchets radioactifs." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10153.
Full textSorieul, Stéphanie. "Etude des dégâts d'irradiation dans les montmorillonites : application au stockage des déchets radioactifs." Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662404.
Full textDjouadi, Inès. "Prise en compte de l'anisotropie dans le comportement instantané des géomatériaux pour les calculs d'ouvrages souterrains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0323.
Full textWithin the framework of radioactive waste management, for long-lived and high-level radioactive waste, France has chosen deep geological storage. This storage will be located in a rock formation, in the east of the basin Parisian, in a tectonically stable area. This Callovo-Oxfordian claystone formation was chosen for its radionuclides retention properties since it is not very permeable. An underground research laboratory was built 500 meters deep to study the properties of the rock in-situ. The Callovo-Oxfordian claystone has been shown to exhibit anisotropy related to its geological formation. The main objective of this PhD thesis is to reproduce anisotropic mechanical behaviour using an elasto-plastic constitutive model. The thermo-elasto-viscoplastic and isotropic behaviour model named LKR is the result of all EDF’s knowledge and expertise in the design of underground structures. Therefore, we seek to apply a method of taking into account structural or inherent anisotropy characterizing several types of geomaterials including Callovo-Oxfordian claystone to this LKR constitutive model. In order to achieve this objective, two methods of taking anisotropy into account and developed in the scientific literature are applied to a Drucker-Prager model with linear softening and then are compared to each other. The first method consists of introducing a microstructure or fabric tensor to define the preferential orientations of the material. The second method is the weakness plane approach which consists of describing the anisotropic behaviour of the material through two distinct mechanisms, one describing the behaviour of the isotropic rock matrix and the other describing the weakness planes. It is through this second mechanism that anisotropy is introduced. These two applications were made using the free mechanical simulation software, Code Aster, developed by EDF. This allowed to understand the numerical difficulties of each of these methods, and to choose the most relevant approach for the extension of the LKR model. Thus, it is the method with the fabric tensor which is, in our case, the most suitable. It was therefore applied to the LKR model. This new extension to the model enables the material orientation dependency of the compression strengths to be taken into account. In this work, the mechanics of continuous media are considered. Anisotropy is introduced only into the elasto-plastic mechanism of the LKR behaviour model
Vuillod, Emmanuelle. "Modélisation thermo-hydro-mécanique de massifs rocheux fracturés : application au stockage de déchets radioactifs." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL072N.
Full textHuang, Yun. "Modélisation micromécanique du comportement différé des roches argileuses : application au stockage des déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10043/document.
Full textClaystones are extensively investigated in France in the framework of feasibility studies for geological repository of nuclear waste. Under the coordination of the French Agency for radioactive waste management (ANDRA), laboratory tests and numerical modeling have been performed for the characterization of thermo-hydromechanical properties of claystones. Due to the very long life of radioactive waste, the characterization of long term hydromechanical behaviors of claystones is a crucial issue. For this purpose, laboratory creep tests associated with microstructural analysis have been performed on claystones with different degrees of saturation. It is found that two main mechanisms are at the origin of macroscopic time dependent deformation. The first one is related to viscoplastic flow of clay matrix and the second one is due to subcritical propagation of microcracks in clay matrix. In this thesis, two creep mechanisms are studied respectively. As micromechanical approaches can lead to a better description of behavior in relation to the microstructure of the rock, in this work, we implemented a multi-scale model based on the behaviors of each component and microstructure of claystones
Menard, Olivier. "Partage des terres rares et des actinides entre solution et produits d'altération du verrre nucléaire type R7T7 en fonction des conditions de stockage." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30058.
Full textCoarita, Tintaya Ever-Dennys. "Modélisation du comportement élastoplastique anisotrope et endommageable des argilites : application au stockage des déchets radioactifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0245.
Full textDeep clay formations such as Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) are one of the options currently being considered for the storage of radioactive waste disposal in France by the National Radioactive Waste Management Agency. Observations (deformation, pore pressure, ...) carried out on the scale of in situ structures at the Meuse/Haute-Marne underground research laboratory have, however, revealed complex hydromechanical behaviour with highly anisotropic induced fracturing that is difficult to capture and to reproduce using classical constitutive models. The work of this thesis focused on the formation of the connected fractured zone and discrete fractured zone induced by excavation and their consequences on transport properties. Based on experimental results and the recently developed rheological models of this rock, a macroscopic anisotropic, elastoplastic and damage constitutive model was proposed that describes the key mechanisms of the short-term (pre- and post-peak) behaviour of COx claystone. This model was implemented in Comsol Multiphysics®. The application of the proposed model was carried out on the GCS gallery of the LS M/HM by hydromechanical simulations under saturated conditions. The numerical results were successfully compared with in situ observations and measurements in terms of, in particular, pore pressure distribution, ZFC/ZFD extension (approached by the plastic zones in post-peak and pre-peak, respectively) and horizontal and vertical convergences. Finally, the operational character of the model for thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling applications of HA cells (Cigéo project) was investigated on a geometry reduced to a micro-tunnel of cells
Nava, Romain. "Étude du cadre juridique relatif à la gestion des déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1034.
Full textRadioactive waste appeared simultaneously with the discovery of artificial radioactivity and saw their output is significantly increased with the development of the civil nuclear industry in the 1960s. Notwithstanding, it is only very recently that’s law has seized the difficult issue of their management through texts devoted to it.In the same way that radioactive waste is managed separately according to their activity and half-life, the legal framework for the management of radioactive waste has naturally led to a temporal dichotomy. Then we distinguish two main corpus of standards. The first-one supervises the radioactive waste whose management modes to immediately ensure the safety of people and the environment while the second-one deals with radioactive waste for which security must be guaranteed on long term, insofar as it does not exist to date definitive management solution for waste.This work aims to show how the specific provisions of each of the two bodies involved in the safety of people and the environment and expose potential persistent difficulties
Bui, Trung Dung. "La simulation numérique du comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique dans les ouvrages de stockage de déchets radioactifs." Rennes, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAR0015.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the evaluation of safety and durability of radioactive waste storage in deep geological formation. The durability of the storage must be guaranteed over one period of the thousands years under coupled stress: thermics, hydraulics, mechanics and chemical. So, the numerical simulation is conceivable. Simplifying assumptions are proposed and were by subject of establishment of phenomenal and numerical conceptual models. The phenomenological conceptual model relates to the rheology of intervening materials particularly (argilite, expansive clay, concrete, steel). The behaviour of the Bure’s argilite was regarded as hypo-elastic associated with an anisotropic damage induced by the deformations in extension. In the saturated state, the liquid phase is in interaction partial with the solid phase of the argilite, characterized by a Biot coefficient, which develop according to the damage. The bentonite is used the model Catsius clay in its simplified version. The stress distribution in unsaturated states uses the extension of the effective stress by introducing a homogenized pressure (fluid+gas) called pore pressure. A hyperbolic relation is proposed to describe this pore pressure which is a function of suction, of void ratio and Biot coefficient. The behaviour of concrete was considered as decreasing rubber band with time to hold of chemical degradation. Finally corrosion is modelled by considering that the penetration of the water molecules is associated in swelling induced by its products of corrosion. Thus the swelling’s model is largely inspired by that of expansive clays. The numerical conceptual model treats an introduction of space-time of the constituent elements. We chose a fixed grid and a space-time evolution of the hydraulic properties of materials. The numerical approximation calls upon Cleo’s code which uses the finite element’s method on space and that of the finite differences over time. The resolution is carried out with the iterative method of Picard. Some most significant examples of the numerical simulations were presented
Smidts, Olivier. "Analyse probabiliste du risque de stockage de déchets radioactifs par la méthode des arbres d'événements continus." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212182.
Full textDans cette thèse, l'analyse d'incertitude liée à la composition du milieu géologique est partagée entre l'écoulement et le transport de la manière suivante: a) une solution moyenne de l'écoulement est tout d'abord déterminée à l'aide d'un code basé sur la méthode des différences finies. Cette solution est ensuite soumise à une analyse de sensibilité. Cette analyse débouche sur la résolution d'un problème inverse afin d'améliorer l'estimation initiale des paramètres moyens d'écoulement; b) l'effet de la variation aléatoire de la vitesse d'écoulement est envisagé lors du transport des radionucléides. Le transport est résolu à l'aide d'une méthode Monte Carlo non analogue.
L'analyse de sensibilité du problème d'écoulement est réalisée à l'aide d'une méthode variationnelle. La méthode proposée a comme avantage celui de pouvoir quantifier l'incertitude de structure; c'est-à-dire l'incertitude liée à la géométrie du milieu géologique.
Une méthodologie Monte Carlo non analogue est utilisée pour le transport de chaînes de radionucléides en milieu stochastique. Les apports de cette méthodologie pour le calcul du risque reposent sur trois points:
1) L'utilisation d'une solution de transport simple (sous la forme d'une solution adjointe) dans les mécanismes de la simulation Monte Carlo. Cette solution de transport permet de résumer, entre deux positions successives du marcheur aléatoire, les processus chimicophysiques (advection, diffusion-dispersion, adsorption, désorption,) apparaissant à l'échelle microscopique. Elle rend possible des simulations efficaces de transport en accélérant les mécanismes de transition des marcheurs aléatoires dans le domaine géologique et dans le temps.
2) L'application de la méthode des arbres d'événements continus au transport de chaînes de radionucléides. Cette méthode permet d'envisager les transitions radioactives entre éléments d'une chaîne selon un même formalisme que celui qui prévaut pour les simulations de transport d'un radionucléide unique. Elle permet donc de passer du transport d'un radionucléide au transport d'une chaîne de radionucléides sans coûts supplémentaires en temps de calcul et avec un coût supplémentaire en mémoire limité.
3) L'application de techniques dites de "double randomization" au problème de transport de radionucléides dans un milieu géologique stochastique. Ces techniques permettent de combiner efficacement une simulation Monte Carlo de paramètres avec une simulation Monte Carlo de transport et ainsi d'inclure l'incertitude associée à la composition du milieu géologique explicitement dans le calcul du risque.
Il ressort de ce travail des perspectives prometteuses de développements ultérieurs de la méthodologie Monte Carlo non analogue pour le calcul du risque.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
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Riffaud, Oana. "Réversibilité du stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs : la théorie des options réelles dans l'aide à la décision." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN20009.
Full textIn France, the Act n° 2006-739 of 28 June 2006 establishes the reversible geological disposal for intermediate and high-level waste (ILWand HLW). The reversibility is mainly justified by the need to preserve some ability to adapt over the long term (at least one hundred years) in a context of multiple uncertainties. The proposed thesis examines how the real options approach can be effectively applied to the French project of reversible geological disposal for the radioactive waste, developed by the National Agency for Radioactive Waste (ANDRA). Different aspects of decision making process are addressed through three real options models. Each model emphasizes a certain type of real option : the switching option, the extension option and the learning option. The first model focuses on the uncertainty about the value of a radioactive waste package and its influence on the switching options between different stages of retrievability. The results show that the reversible project of geological disposal involves a series of compound options (options on options) which may create follow-up opportunities and interactions. For example, realizing an earlier real option (such as closing the galleries of access) can change the value of future options for the retrieval of waste packages. Given these interactions between options, their value must be simultaneously determined. In the second model, the focus is moved to the construction of the geological repository. The result of the second model shows that there may be a value associated with the progressive development of the operating capacity due to the uncertainty on the demand for radioactive waste disposal. This is precisely the value of the extension option which must be calculated to determine whether it is economically advantageous to increase the capacity. The third model, more conceptual, is an attempt to open new avenues of research on the value of the learning option in the presence of endogenous information. The option value is analyzed by integrating two sources of learning (Learning by doing and R & D)
Leite, de Souza Moreira Rebecca. "Etude électrochimique des mécanismes de la biocorrosion à l'interface de l’acier au carbone en présence de bactéries ferri-réductrices et hydrogénotrophes dans le contexte de stockage des déchets nucléaires." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066365.
Full textThe safety of deep geological repository for nuclear waste is a very important and topical matter especially for the nuclear industry. Such as nuclear fuel the high-level waste has to be stored for time frames of millions of years in metallic containers. Typically these containers should be placed in deep geological clay formations. Corrosion processes, will take place after the resaturation of the geological medium and under the prevalent anoxic conditions lead to the generation of hydrogen. The particular environment of geological repositories does not provide much biodegradable substances. This is the reason that hydrogen represents a suitable energy source for hydrogenotrophic bacteria. Thereby formed bacterial biofilms on the containers may contribute to a process of fast decay of the steel, the so called biocorrosion. The aim of this study is to characterize the electrochemical interfaces in order to obtain the mechanisms of biocorrosion of carbon steels in presence of iron-reducing and hydrogenotrophic bacterium Shewanella oneideinsis. The products of corrosion processes, namely hydrogen and iron (III) oxides are used as electron donor and acceptor, respectively. The amount of hydrogen consumed by Shewanella could be estimated with 10-4 mol s-1 using SECM. The influence of the local hydrogen generation was evaluated via chronoamperometry. When hydrogen was locally generated above a carbon steel substrate an accelerated corrosion process can be observed. Using LEIS, the mechanism of the generalised corrosion process was shown
Truche, Laurent. "Transformations minéralogiques et géochimiques induites par la présence d'hydrogène dans un site de stockage de déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439788.
Full textNguyen, Xuan Phu. "Étude du comportement chimico-hydro-mécanique des argiles raides dans le contexte du stockage de déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00861166.
Full textJia, Yun. "Contribution à la modélisation thermo-hydro-mécanique des roches partiellement saturées : application au stockage des déchets radioactifs." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/bf9141e8-50b7-4681-a346-3bfb1c214d7c.
Full textVinkler, Fabrice. "Couplages hydromécaniques dans les massifs rocheux : du stockage de déchets radioactifs à la stabilité des mines abandonnées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL099N.
Full textBoulin, Pierre. "Expérimentation et modélisation du transfert d'hydrogène à travers des argiles de centre de stockage de déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0086.
Full textGases will be generated by corrosion of high radioactive waste containers in deep geological repositories. A gas phase will be generated. Gas pressure will build up and penetrated the geological formation. If gases do not penetrate the geological barrier efficiently, the pressure build up may create a risk of fracturation and of creation of preferential pathways for radionuclide migration. The present work focuses on Callovo-Oxfordian argillites characterisation. An experiment, designed to measure very low permeabilities, was used with hydrogen/helium and analysed using the Dusty Gas Model. Argillites close to saturation have an accessible porosity to gas transfer that is lower than 0,1% to 1% of the porosity. Analysis of the Knudsen effect suggests that this accessible network should be made of 50 nm to 200 nm diameter pores. The permeabilities values were integrated to an ANDRA operating model. The model showed that the maximum pressure expected near the repository would be 83 bar
El, Bitouri Youssef. "Modélisation chemo-mécanique du béton bas-pH : application au calcul des structures de stockage des déchets radioactifs." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2598/.
Full textThe purpose of this work concerns to design a complementary tool to simulate the chemical evolution of low-pH cements used in radioactive waste storage. This tool consists of a phenomenological hydration model previously developed and a complementary chemical evolution model. The first model is used for short-term. It can predict the development of hydration at early age and its consequences. But taking into account that this model has been developed for applications at a young age, it is based on a fixed stoichiometry of hydrates and does not take into account the specificities of low-pH cements (chemical evolution at the long-term by reaction of residual silica). Thus, a chemical evolution model at the long-term is proposed. This model is based on a variable stoichiometry of hydrates. For this, it uses the calcium mass balance for describing calcium exchange between the various hydrates and anhydrous. This equation includes the kinetics of exchanges which are based on the difference in the thermodynamic equilibrium, of the microstructure and temperature. Finally, a coupling with mechanical properties evolution was performed to simulate the mechanical behavior of the radioactive waste storage facility
Boulin, Pierre. "Expérimentation et Modélisation du Transfert d'hydrogène à travers des argiles de centre de stockage de déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331826.
Full textKleine, Alexandra. "Modélisation numérique du comportement des ouvrages souterrains par une approche viscoplastique." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL083N/document.
Full textNature is complex and must be approached in total modesty by engineers seeking to predict the behavior of underground openings. The engineering of industrial projects in underground situations, with high economic and social stakes (Alpine mountain crossings, nuclear waste repository), mean striving to gain better understanding of the behavioral mechanisms of the openings to be designed. This improvement necessarily involves better physical representativeness of macroscopic mechanisms and the provision of prediction tools suited to the expectations and needs of the engineers. The calculation tools developed in this work is in step with this concern for satisfying industrial needs and developing knowledges related to the rheology of geomaterials. These developments led to the proposing of a mechanical constitutive model, suited to lightly fissured rocks, comparable to continuous media, while integrating more particularly the effect of time.Thread of this study, the problematics ensued from the subject of the thesis is precisely about the rock mass delayed behavior in numerical modeling and its consequences on underground openings design.Based on physical concepts of reference, defined in several scales (macro/meso/micro), the developed constitutive model is translated in a mathematical formalism in order to be numerically implemented.Numerical applications presented as illustrations fall mainly within the framework of nuclear waste repository problems. They concern two very different configurations of underground openings: the AECL’s underground canadian laboratory, excavated in the Lac du Bonnet granite, and the GMR gallery of Bure’s laboratory (Meuse/Haute-Marne), dug in argillaceous rock.In this two cases, this constitutive model use highlights the gains to be obtained from allowing for delayed behavior regarding the accuracy of numerical tunnel behavior predictions in the short, medium and long terms
Djouadi, Inès. "Prise en compte de l'anisotropie dans le comportement instantané des géomatériaux pour les calculs d'ouvrages souterrains." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0323/document.
Full textWithin the framework of radioactive waste management, for long-lived and high-level radioactive waste, France has chosen deep geological storage. This storage will be located in a rock formation, in the east of the basin Parisian, in a tectonically stable area. This Callovo-Oxfordian claystone formation was chosen for its radionuclides retention properties since it is not very permeable. An underground research laboratory was built 500 meters deep to study the properties of the rock in-situ. The Callovo-Oxfordian claystone has been shown to exhibit anisotropy related to its geological formation. The main objective of this PhD thesis is to reproduce anisotropic mechanical behaviour using an elasto-plastic constitutive model. The thermo-elasto-viscoplastic and isotropic behaviour model named LKR is the result of all EDF’s knowledge and expertise in the design of underground structures. Therefore, we seek to apply a method of taking into account structural or inherent anisotropy characterizing several types of geomaterials including Callovo-Oxfordian claystone to this LKR constitutive model. In order to achieve this objective, two methods of taking anisotropy into account and developed in the scientific literature are applied to a Drucker-Prager model with linear softening and then are compared to each other. The first method consists of introducing a microstructure or fabric tensor to define the preferential orientations of the material. The second method is the weakness plane approach which consists of describing the anisotropic behaviour of the material through two distinct mechanisms, one describing the behaviour of the isotropic rock matrix and the other describing the weakness planes. It is through this second mechanism that anisotropy is introduced. These two applications were made using the free mechanical simulation software, Code Aster, developed by EDF. This allowed to understand the numerical difficulties of each of these methods, and to choose the most relevant approach for the extension of the LKR model. Thus, it is the method with the fabric tensor which is, in our case, the most suitable. It was therefore applied to the LKR model. This new extension to the model enables the material orientation dependency of the compression strengths to be taken into account. In this work, the mechanics of continuous media are considered. Anisotropy is introduced only into the elasto-plastic mechanism of the LKR behaviour model
Brossard, Flavien. "Etude de la migration de l'iode dans la zircone : application au stockage des coques." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10217.
Full textMelkior, Thierry. "Etude méthodologique de la diffusion de cations interagissant dans des argiles : application : mise en œuvre expérimentale et modélisation du couplage chimie-diffusion d'alcalins dans une bentonite synthétique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0652.
Full textDridi, Wissem. "Couplage entre corrosion et comportement diphasique dans un milieu poreux : Application à l'évolution d'un stockage des déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001422.
Full textRubaszewski, Julie. "Optimisation de la conception du stockage de déchets radioactifs HA-MAVL à l’aide de la gestion de flux." Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0024/document.
Full textThis research project is part of a partnership between ANDRA (National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management) and the LOSI, Institut Charles Delaunay (TSR UMR CNRS), UTT.The thesis aims to design the storage structures for various industrial flows. Flows involved are varied in nature and it is one of the characteristics of the storage. The works must be designed to effect a gradual development, from a "coactivity", that is to say, a coexistence of nuclear flux (the nuclear waste packages and the associated flow, such nuclear ventilation) and conventional flow sites. The design flow and the design of structures to allow these flows are therefore at the heart of the design process of storage.The problem of our industrial partner focuses on flow path design. Our contribution is dedicated to the development of models of flow path design with new constraints and the development of methods. Extensions to the basic model takes into account different type of vehicle, not allowed some segments and taking into account construction costs. Different optimization methods have also been developed and tested. Metaheuristics are based on local search, the ant colony algorithm and the algorithm of bees. Efficiency of methods is demonstrated through tests on literature benchmarks and application to the real case is done by simulation
Kharkhour, Hanan. "Modélisation des couplages thermo-hydro-mécaniques et de l'endommagement des roches viscoplastiques dans le contexte du stockage de déchets radioactifs." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1196.
Full textTran, Trung Duc. "Modélisation hydro-mécanique avec prise en compte de la production d’hydrogène dans les ouvrages de stockage des déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10168.
Full textThe first part of this work is about the evaluation of a pressure of gaseous hydrogen produced by HA cells passing through the interfaces to the drift. Indeed, the calculations without consideration of interfaces show that the transfer of hydrogen takes place primarily by diffusion of hydrogen into the water through the foundation. However, in storage, the presence of many interfaces by construction (between bentonite core - Argillite etc.) or by fracturing of materials under the effect of hydrogen pressure, are the preferential pathways for transfer of gaseous hydrogen. The GTI (Gas Transfer in Interface) model was chosen to simulate the transfer of hydrogen produced by the HA cells to the backfilled drift. The maximum hydrogen pressure in the backfill is obtained in the case where the interface is always open. At 4500 years it goes from 5.2 MPa (always open interface) to 3.8 MPa by the valve effect due to the increase of hydrogen pressure. The comparisons between numerical simulations with and without taking into account the hydrogen pressures show that hydrogen pressures no or very little impact the pore pressure, the effective radial and orthoradial stresses. As a result, the simulations may be performed by considering a hydrogen pressure at atmospheric pressure, which is to work in a biphasic medium. The second part concerns the fractured zones induced by the excavation of volume. And the observations in the laboratory Meuse Haute Marne show the anisotropic fractured areas around drifts and HA cells consist of vertical and horizontal discontinuities. The weak anisotropies of stresses and Young modulus for the drifts oriented along σH (σv approximativement égal à σh) is not possible to reproduce the strong anisotropy of fractured areas in the plane σv - σh by a hypo-elasticity model with anisotropic initial diagenesis. For modelling these discontinuities, a rheological model was developed by EGC named SC2D combining two types of elastic-plastic behavior: one is associated with an anisotropic damage resulting behavior of the argillite enhanced by calcite and the other characterizing the phase of clay that means the argillite without reinforcement by calcite and plastic deformation when the stress state reaches the surface of diagenesis. Damage coefficients are evaluated from an extension relation of Weibull in considering the expansion deformations in the directions of diagenesis X(σH), Y(σh), Z(σv). The drifts around the fractured zones are characterized by areas where damage coefficients are unitary. Furthermore, the discontinuities are activated when damage reachesoefficient unit and these discontinuities are perpendicular to the directions of diagenesis and vertical or horizontal with them
Gérard, Bruno. "Contribution des couplages mécanique-chimie-transfert dans la tenue à long terme des ouvrages de stockage de déchets radioactifs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0012/NQ36271.pdf.
Full textRoubeuf, Véronique. "Interactions entre fluides et sédiments argileux naturels : étude expérimentale dans des conditions simulant un stockage souterrain de déchets radioactifs." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0190_ROUBEUF.pdf.
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