Academic literature on the topic 'Stockholm CBD'

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Journal articles on the topic "Stockholm CBD"

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Schytt, Erica, Anna Wahlberg, Amani Eltayb, Rhonda Small, Nataliia Tsekhmestruk, and Helena Lindgren. "Community-based doula support for migrant women during labour and birth: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in Stockholm, Sweden (NCT03461640)." BMJ Open 10, no. 2 (February 2020): e031290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031290.

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IntroductionMigrant women consistently rate their care during labour and birth more negatively than non-migrant women, due to communication difficulties, lack of familiarity with how care is provided, and discrimination and prejudicial staff attitudes. They also report being left alone, feeling fearful, unsafe and unsupported, and have poorer birth outcomes than non-migrant women. Community-based doulas (CBDs) are bilingual women from migrant communities who are trained in childbirth and labour support, and who facilitate communication between woman-partner-staff during childbirth. This study protocol describes the design, rationale and methods of a randomised controlled trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CBD support for improving the intrapartum care experiences and postnatal well-being of migrant women giving birth in Sweden.Methods and analysisA randomised controlled trial. From six antenatal care clinics in Stockholm, Sweden, we aim to recruit 200 pregnant Somali, Arabic, Polish, Russian and Tigrinya-speaking women who cannot communicate fluently in Swedish, are 18 years or older and with no contraindications for vaginal birth. In addition to standard labour support, women are randomised to CBD support (n=100) or no such support during labour (n=100). Trained CBDs meet with women once or twice before the birth, provide emotional, physical and communication support to women throughout labour and birth in hospital, and then meet with women once or twice after the birth. Women’s ratings of the intrapartum care experiences and postnatal well-being are assessed at 6–8 weeks after the birth using selected questions from the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire and by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The intervention group will be compared with the control group using intention-to-treat analyses. ORs and 95% CIs will be estimated and adjustments made if key participant characteristics differ between trial arms.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Stockholm (approval number: 2018/12 - 31/2).Trial registration numberNCT03461640; Pre-results.
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Bengtsson, Ingemar, and Fredrik Kopsch. "Indicators of candidates for gentrification: a spatial framework." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 12, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 736–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-06-2018-0038.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish measurable factors that can be used as early indicators of which neighborhoods are most likely to undergo a process of gentrification in a reasonably near future. Design/methodology/approach Using 1990 data on key demographic variables for 128 neighborhoods in Stockholm, Sweden a model that allows both for testing of spatial clustering and for spatial spillovers between neighborhoods is estimated. It is hypothesized not only that gentrification depends on inter-neighborhood characteristics but also that gentrified neighborhoods will cluster and preferably be located in proximity to existing high income neighborhoods. Findings The findings confirm the stated hypotheses. Among the results, it is shown that neighborhoods that gentrified between 1990 and 2012 were more likely to have been poor in 1990 and located closer to the CBD, they were also more likely to be close to neighborhoods with lower proportions of low income residents. It is also found that gentrified neighborhoods tend to cluster over space. Originality/value Much of the previous literature on gentrification has concerned the actual driving forces behind gentrifying neighborhoods. This paper is more concerned with indicators that can be used to spot neighborhoods that are likely to undergo a gentrification process in the future. Such information can be valuable for real estate developers in the private sector, as it may lead to more successful investments. It may also be useful for city developers at the municipal organization.
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Börjesson, Maria, R. Daniel Jonsson, and Mattias Lundberg. "An ex-post CBA for the Stockholm Metro." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 70 (December 2014): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.10.006.

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Lyandres, Semion. "The Bolsheviks' "German Gold" Revisited: An Inquiry into the 1917 Accusations." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 1106 (January 1, 1995): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.1995.63.

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On the evening of 4 July 1917, at the height of the anti-government uprising, the Provisional Government's Minister of Justice, Pave! N. Pereverzev, authorized a press release accusing the Bolshevik leaders of treasonable activities. The report published the next day alleged that Lenin had been sent to Russia by the German government to rally support for a separate peace with Germany and "to undermine the confidence of the Russian people in the Provisional Government. " The money for his activity was allegedly channeled from Berlin to Petrograd, by way of Stockholm. In Stockholm the transfer was carried out by the Bolshevik Jakub Ftirstenberg (Hanecki) and the Russo-German Social Democrat Alexander Israel Helphand (Parvus). The main recipients in Petrograd were the Bolshevik lawyer Mieczyslaw Kozlowski and Evgeniia M. Sumenson, a relative of FtirstenbergHanecki. She and Kozlowski ran a trading business as a cover for financial dealings with Ftirstenberg, thus making the transfer of German funds look like a legitimate business transaction.
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Sarasalo, Elina, Bo Bergman, and Janos Toth. "Repetitive shoplifting in Stockholm, Sweden: a register study of 1802 cases." Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 8, no. 4 (November 1998): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.265.

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Vichapat, Voralak, Hans Garmo, Marit Holmqvist, Göran Liljegren, Fredrik Wärnberg, Mats Lambe, Tommy Fornander, Jan Adolfsson, Margreet Lüchtenborg, and Lars Holmberg. "Tumor Stage Affects Risk and Prognosis of Contralateral Breast Cancer: Results From a Large Swedish-Population–Based Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 28 (October 1, 2012): 3478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.39.3645.

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Purpose The number of breast cancer survivors at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is increasing. However, ambiguity remains regarding risk factors and prognosis for women with CBC. Patients and Methods In a cohort of 42,670 women with breast cancer in the Uppsala/Örebro and Stockholm regions in Sweden in 1992 to 2008, we assessed risk factors for and prognosis of metachronous CBC by using survival analysis. Breast cancer–specific survival for women with CBC was evaluated and compared with results for women with unilateral breast cancer (UBC) by using time-dependent Cox-regression modeling. Results An increased risk for CBC was observed among women who had primary breast cancer with ≥ 10 involved lymph nodes compared with node-negative women (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.7). The prognosis was poorer in women with CBC than with UBC. The hazard of dying from breast cancer was especially high for women with a short interval time to CBC (adjusted HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.8 to 2.8 for CBC diagnosed ≤ 5 years v UBC) and gradually decreased with longer follow-up time but remained higher than the hazard originating from the primary tumor for ≥ 10 years. Conclusion Women with advanced-stage primary breast cancer had an increased risk of developing CBC. CBC is associated with an increased risk of dying from breast cancer throughout a long period of follow-up after the primary tumor. Our findings suggest that the event of CBC marks a new clinical situation in terms of investigations for metastases, treatment considerations, and follow-up strategy.
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Kohler, P., L. Lindh, and P. Netz. "Comparison of CAD-CAM and hand made sockets for PTB prostheses." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 13, no. 1 (April 1989): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093648909079405.

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The aim of the present study was to compare sockets for below-knee (BK) prostheses made by Computer Aided Design-Computer Aided Manufacture (CAD-CAM) to those made by hand. The patients in the study were provided with two prostheses each, which apart from the sockets, were identical. One socket, was made by the CAD-CAM technique developed at the Bioengineering Centre, Roehampton, University College London and one was made by hand at the OT-Centre, Stockholm, Sweden. The results were based on investigation of eight unilateral below-knee amputees evaluating their own sockets by Visual Analogous Scale with respect to comfort, pressure, and pain. The sockets were evaluated on seven occasions, at two tests, on delivery, after use every second day for six days and every second week for two weeks. All CAD-CAM sockets except one had to be changed once as compared to the hand made of which only two had to be changed. As to comfort it could not be demonstrated that there was any significant difference between the two types of sockets and both types were well accepted by all patients. Differences in pressure and pain were rarely reported. There were obvious differences between the two types of socket with respect to height, width, and inner surface configuration. The authors feel that CAD-CAM will in the near future be an excellent tool for design and manufacture of prosthetic sockets.
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von Scheidt, Moritz, Yuqi Zhao, Thomas Q. de Aguiar Vallim, Nam Che, Michael Wierer, Marcus M. Seldin, Oscar Franzén, et al. "Transcription Factor MAFF (MAF Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor F) Regulates an Atherosclerosis Relevant Network Connecting Inflammation and Cholesterol Metabolism." Circulation 143, no. 18 (May 4, 2021): 1809–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.050186.

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Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial condition with both genetic and exogenous causes. The contribution of tissue-specific functional networks to the development of atherosclerosis remains largely unclear. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize central regulators and networks leading to atherosclerosis. Methods: Based on several hundred genes known to affect atherosclerosis risk in mouse (as demonstrated in knockout models) and human (as shown by genome-wide association studies), liver gene regulatory networks were modeled. The hierarchical order and regulatory directions of genes within the network were based on Bayesian prediction models, as well as experimental studies including chromatin immunoprecipitation DNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry, overexpression, small interfering RNA knockdown in mouse and human liver cells, and knockout mouse experiments. Bioinformatics and correlation analyses were used to clarify associations between central genes and CAD phenotypes in both human and mouse. Results: The transcription factor MAFF (MAF basic leucine zipper transcription factor F) interacted as a key driver of a liver network with 3 human genes at CAD genome-wide association studies loci and 11 atherosclerotic murine genes. Most importantly, expression levels of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene correlated with MAFF in 600 CAD patients undergoing bypass surgery (STARNET [Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task]) and a hybrid mouse diversity panel involving 105 different inbred mouse strains. Molecular mechanisms of MAFF were tested in noninflammatory conditions and showed positive correlation between MAFF and LDLR in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, after lipopolysaccharide stimulation (inflammatory conditions), an inverse correlation between MAFF and LDLR in vitro and in vivo was observed. Chromatin immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry revealed that the human CAD genome-wide association studies candidate BACH1 (BTB domain and CNC homolog 1) assists MAFF in the presence of lipopolysaccharide stimulation with respective heterodimers binding at the MAF recognition element of the LDLR promoter to transcriptionally downregulate LDLR expression. Conclusions: The transcription factor MAFF was identified as a novel central regulator of an atherosclerosis/CAD-relevant liver network. MAFF triggered context-specific expression of LDLR and other genes known to affect CAD risk. Our results suggest that MAFF is a missing link between inflammation, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, and a possible treatment target.
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Kiessling, Anna, Niklas Zethraeus, and Peter Henriksson. "Cost of lipid lowering in patients with coronary artery disease by Case Method Learning." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 21, no. 2 (April 2005): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462305050245.

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Objectives:This investigation was undertaken to study the costs of a Case Method Learning (CML) -supported lipid-lowering strategy in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) in primary care.Methods:This prospective randomized controlled trial in primary care with an additional external specialist control group in Södertälje, Stockholm County, Sweden, included 255 consecutive patients with CAD. Guidelines were mailed to all general practitioners (GPs; n=54) and presented at a common lecture. GPs who were randomized to the intervention group participated in recurrent CML dialogues at their primary health-care centers during a 2-year period. A locally well-known cardiologist served as a facilitator. Assessment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was performed at baseline and after 2 years. Analysis according to intention-to-treat—intervention and control groups (n=88)—was based on group affiliation at baseline. The marginal cost of lipid lowering comprised increased cost of lipid-lowering drugs in the intervention group compared with the primary care control group, cost of attendance of the GP's in the intervention group, and cost of time for preparation, travel, and seminars of the facilitator. Costs are as of 2002 with an exchange rate 1 US$=9.5 SEK (Swedish Crowns).Results:Patients in the primary care intervention group had their LDL cholesterol reduced by 0.5 (confidence interval [CI], 0.1–0.9) mmol/L compared with the primary care control group (p<.05). No change occurred in controls. LDL cholesterol in the external specialist control group decreased by 0.6 (CI, 0.4–0.8) mmol/L. The cost of the educational intervention represented only 2 percent of the drug cost. The cost of lipid lowering in the intervention group, including the cost of the educational intervention, was actually lower than that of patients treated at the specialist clinic—106 US$ per mmol decrease in LDL cholesterol in the intervention group and 153 US$ per mmol decrease in LDL cholesterol in the specialist group. EuroQol 5D Index, which gives an estimate of global health-related quality of life, was 0.80 (CI, 0.75–0.85) in the present cohort.Conclusions:The additional cost of CML was only 2 percent of the drug cost. Assuming the same gain in life expectancy per millimole decrease in LDL cholesterol as in the 4S-study gives a cost per gained quality-adjusted life year of US$ 24,000. This finding indicates that the CML-supported lipid-lowering strategy is cost-effective. The low cost of CML in primary care should probably warrant its use in the improvement of the quality of care in other major chronic diseases.
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Fahey, Sue. "New Conveners for EBLIG." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, no. 3 (September 5, 2007): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8ts38.

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As new Co-conveners for CLA’s interest group, EBLIG, we would like to take the opportunity to introduce ourselves. Sue Fahey is a public services librarian at the Health Sciences Library, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's. Renée de Gannes-Marshall is the information specialist at the Canadian Dental Association in Ottawa. EBLIG's goals are: to represent the interests of librarians involved in evidence based librarianship and library related research; to organize continuing education opportunities for librarians in this area; to provide a means of communication between librarians involved in evidence based librarianship; to assist librarians with the dissemination of library research utilizing an evidence-based model; to support librarians' evidence based research with grants. We are pleased to announce the introduction of a new workshop grant which has been established to support and encourage the development of continuing education activities in evidence based librarianship in conjunction with local/regional/provincial associations or institutions. EBLIG Co-conveners and volunteers will evaluate applications and determine awards based on the established criteria, including relevance to the profession and to the advancement of evidence based librarianship, value to expected participants and regional/geographic location. We would like to award the first grant this year and have allotted a budget of $250 and set a deadline of October 15th, 2007. Please apply ASAP for funding for your fall course idea! For more information, go to http://eblibrarianship.pbwiki.com/EBLIG+Workshop+Incentive+Grants. An hour long Education Institute audio conference, Evidence-Based Librarianship: A Toolkit for Public Libraries, featuring presenters Virginia Wilson and Stephanie Hall, will be held on Tuesday, November 6th, at 12 pm. Virginia and Stephanie will present a toolkit tailored to public librarians and public library workers with tips on how to integrate EBL into the workflow. The toolkit will include key EBL articles, sources of evidence, and steps to take to put EBL into practice. Registration is $54 for members and $74 for non-members. For more information, go to http://www.thepartnership.ca/partnership/bins/calendar_page.asp. If you managed to make it to EBLIP4 or you missed out, but were wondering how you could get to the next conference, (especially after seeing conference abstracts posted on the website http://www.eblip4.unc.edu), we have been in touch with the main contact for EBLIP5 to be held in Stockholm, Sweden. Details on the conference, including event dates and venue, are forthcoming. As of July 31st, 2007, our interest group is 48 members strong from across Canada and the United States! For those who participate on the listserv and who live outside of Canada, did you know that you can join EBLIG without having to become a full member of CLA for a fee of only $30 CAD annually? For more details, go to http://www.cla.ca/about/igroups/evidence_based.htm. Also of note is the fact that non-members can participate on the listserv. We look forward to your comments and questions and invite you to participate in the activities set forth during 2007-2008. Participate on the listserv, contribute to the wiki, keep reading this journal, and get involved with EBL. Also, if you are a fellow "Facebooker", feel free to join the Evidence Based Librarians group (118 members strong at the time of writing!). We look forward to working with you.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stockholm CBD"

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Linjo, Sofia, and Alexandar Andonov. "Kontorshyresgästers betalningsvilja för flexibla hyresavtal : En undersökning av kontorshyresmarknaden i Stockholm CBD." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254737.

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Kontorshyresmarknaden i Stockholm har de senaste åren blomstrat med höga hyresnivåer, låga vakansgrader och en stabil ekonomisk tillväxt. Allt fler företag söker sig till kontor inne i Stockholm city vilket har lett till att hyresgästerna befinner sig i en position där det är konkurrens om utbudet på lokaler samtidigt som efterfrågan på mer flexibilitet i hyresavtalen har ökat. Hittills har få fastighetsägare i Stockholm börjat erbjuda mer flexibla hyresavtal till sina hyresgäster, istället har tredjepartsaktörer såsom coworking- och kontorshotellsbolag absorberat den marknad som möter hyresgästernas efterfrågan på flexibilitet. Den positionen fastighetsägarna i Stockholm befinner sig i just nu med höga hyror och låga vakanser gör att de inte behöver ta steget för att anpassa kontorsutbudet till hyresgästernas önskan om flexibilitet, men i takt med digitaliseringens utveckling, ändrade arbetsvanor och arbetssätt samt en potentiell annalkandelågkonjunktur kan detta komma att ändras. För de fastighetsägare som väljer att gå igenom processen för att anpassa lokalutbudet så att flexibla hyresavtal kan växa fram återstår dock frågan om hur lönsamt det kommer vara att erbjuda mer flexibla hyresalternativ. Detta arbete syftar till att undersöka betalningsviljan för flexibla hyresavtal rörande kontraktslängd, yta och service hos kontorshyresgäster i Stockholm CBD. För att fånga betalningsviljan har en kvantitativ enkätundersökning samt en kvalitativ intervjustudie genomförts, där hyresgäster med kontor i CBD varit respondenter i båda undersökningarna. Resultaten från studien visar att det finns en mycket stor andel hyresgäster i Stockholms primära affärsdistrikt som är villiga att betala ett premietillägg om 4% på marknadshyran för att få ta del av gemensam service i form av reception, konferensrum, omklädningsrum och cykelgarage i fastigheten. En stor andel av hyresgästerna är även villiga att betala ett premietillägg om 25% på marknadshyran för att hyra ett kontor i en fastighet där det även finns tillgång till coworkingyta och därmed möjlighet att hyra extra arbetsplatser. Undersökningen visade även att det finns en relativt stor betalningsvilja för nyckelfärdiga kontor med hyresavtal som löper på obestämd tid och har kort uppsägningstid där premietillägget var 50% på marknadshyran. Tidigare studier visar att en efterfråga på flexibla hyresavtal hos kontorshyresgäster finns, och resultaten från den här studien pekar på att det också finns en vilja att betala mer än marknadsmässig hyra för att få mer flexibilitet i hyresavtalet. För fastighetsägare som är villiga att erbjuda mer flexibla hyresavtal kommer det vara viktigt att diversifiera hyresgästportföljen för att minimera den risk som flexibla hyresavtal medför. Genom att erbjuda hyresgästerna en meny av kontrakt kommer en större mix av hyresavtal kunna uppnås.
such as coworking and flexible office companies have absorbed the market that meets the tenants' demand for flexibility. The current market that property owners in Stockholm is in with high rents and low vacancies has led to a situation where they do not have to take the step to adapt the office supply to the tenants' desire for flexibility, but in line with the progress of digitization, changed working habits and a potential prospective recession this can change in the future. However, the question of how profitable it will be to offer more flexible rental options remains for those property owners who choose to go through the process of adapting the office supply so that flexible leases can grow. The purpose of this thesis is to examine office tenants’ willingness to pay for flexible lease agreements concerning contract length, area and service in Stockholm CBD. In order to capture the willingness to pay, a quantitative survey and a qualitative interview study were conducted, where tenants with offices in the CBD were respondents in both surveys. The results of the study show that there is a very large proportion of tenants in Stockholm's primary business district who are willing to pay a premium of 4% on the market rent in order to benefit from shared service in the form of reception, conference rooms, changing rooms and bicycle garage in the property. A large proportion of the tenants were also willing to pay a premium of 25% on the market rent in order to rent an office in a property where there is also access to a coworking area and thus the opportunity to rent extra workplaces. The survey also showed that there was a relatively large willingness to pay for turnkey offices with lease agreements that run indefinitely and have a short notice period where the premium was 50% on the market rent. Previous studies show that the demand for flexible lease agreements for office tenants exists, and the results from this study also indicate that a willingness to pay more than the market-based rent to get the flexibility exists. For property owners who are willing to offer more flexible leases, it will be important to diversify the tenant portfolio to minimize the risk that flexible leases entail. By offering tenants a menu of contracts, a larger mix of rental agreements can be achieved.
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Tjernberg, Erik. "Strategier kring vakanser på kontorsmarknaden." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127030.

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Det har alltid funnits tomma och outhyrda lokaler i Stockholm. Vakanser är något som alltid har funnits, och därför också känns som ett ständigt aktuellt ämne. Fastighetsföretag har alltid försökt se till att så mycket som möjligt av lokalerna är uthyrda, men vilka strategier finns och används vid frågor om vakans? Studien undersöker vad som sägs på marknaden i Stockholm. Med hjälp av intervjuer av ansvariga inom detta ämne hos olika kommersiella fastighetsföretag har en bild med tankar och åsikter från dessa personer målats upp för att få en inblick i vad som är viktigt att tänka på när det gäller vakanser. En enkät har också skickats ut för att få en bredare uppfattning hur de kommersiella fastighetsföretagen agerar i olika situationer, vilken strategi kring vakanser de har. Företagen har samma åsikt om hel del frågor. De är överrens om att det finns mycket pengar att tjäna genom att se till att den nuvarande hyresgästen sitter kvar i lokalen. Att få in en ny hyresgäst i lokalen går inte att göra på en dag. Det kan ta månader innan den nya hyresgästen är på plats, och vakanser är lika med förlorade pengar. Det är därför viktigt att ha en bra relation med sin hyresgäst. De frågor som ställdes som fick olika svar var bland annat hur företagen agerar för att påverka antalet lediga lokaler, vad som görs vid uppsägning av kontrakt, vad man tycker om hyresgästrepresentanter, hur de ser på ett eventuellt priskrig, varför man inte har 100 % uthyrda lokaler, hur man ser på dold vakans och vilka lokaler som är mest efterfrågade i Stockholm, På de flesta frågor har en klar majoritet av uthyrarna samma åsikt. Ingen uthyrare ger några stora rabatter till hyresgästerna. Uthyrarna vet att det är dyrt att flytta. Det finns heller inget som tyder på att en uthyrare skulle sänka sina priser bara för att en konkurrent gör det, och på sätt hamna i ett priskrig. De flesta uthyrare tycker det är skönare att förhandla direkt med hyresgästen istället för att gå genom en hyresgästrepresentant. Vilka parametrar som är viktigast i en lokal, får många olika svar i undersökningen. Nya lokaler och möjlighet att skapa rum och ny planlösning är de populäraste svaren. Få företag oroar sig för att det ska bli en högre vakansgrad i närmaste framtiden. De flesta tror att marknaden kommer vara oförändrad.
There have always been empty and vacant premises in Stockholm. Vacant space is something that has always existed, and therefore feels like a recurring topic. Property companies has always tried to ensure that as much as possible of the premises are leased, but what strategies are in place in the issues of vacancy? The study examines what is said in the market in Stockholm. Using interviews of people responsible in this line of work from various commercial real estate companies, by studying and analyzing thoughts and opinions of what these people have to say get a glimpse of what's important to think about in terms of vacancies. A survey was also sent out to get a wider understanding of how the commercial real estate firms act in different situations, the strategy around the vacancies they have. Companies have the same opinion on many questions. They agreed that there is much money to be made by ensuring that the current tenant remains in the premises. Getting a new tenant into the premises can´t be done in a day. It can take months before the new tenant is in place, and vacancies mean lost money. It is therefore important to have a good relationship with his tenant. On most issues, a clear majority of the property companies have the same opinion. No company provides big discounts. They know it's expensive to move. There is also no evidence to suggest that a company would lower their prices just because a competitor does, and end up in a price war. Most companies find it more comfortable to negotiate directly with the tenant instead of going through a tenant representative. The answers differ on what parameters are most important in an office space. The most popular answers are new spaces and the ability to make a new floor plan Very few companies worry about if there will be a higher vacancy rate in the near future. Most believe that the market will remain unchanged.
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Reuterswärd, Agnes. "Områdeseffekter av ett renoveringsprojekt i Stockholm CBD : - Fallstudie av Diligentias fastighet Sveavägen 44." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168304.

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Stockholm står inför en historisk befolkningstillväxt och nu väntas en tid av ombyggnationer och förtätningar av Stockholms storstadsregion. Denna utveckling bidrar starkt till att även CBD växer. Det finns ett flertal projekt som pågår eller planeras i CBD. Ett av dessa projekt är totalrenoveringen av Diligentias profilfastighet Sveavägen 44 i utkanten av norra CBD. Tidigare har det funnits andra projekt som genomförts i utkanten av CBD. I Centralenområdet genomfördes ett flertal stora projekt. På Blasieholmen genomfördes en satsning på tre fastigheter. Dessa projekt har varit lyckade i avseende på sin områdespåverkan och har mer eller mindre varit startskott för en större fastighetsutveckling i områdena. Båda områdena är en del av det vi idag kallar CBD. Detta examensarbete syftar till att utreda om och i så fall, hur stor, påverkan Sveavägen 44 har på närområdet. Än så länge är Sveavägen 44 ganska isolerat från city och ensamt i sin klass. Frågan är om Diligentias investering i Sveavägen 44 kan locka fler aktörer i området att förädla sina fastigheter och att dessa projekt i slutändan får ett stort genomslag. Utvecklingen av norra CBD kommer att diskuteras i avseende på områdesutveckling, hyresutveckling, värdeutveckling och vakans. Slutsatsen av studien är att effekterna från Sveavägen 44 är positiva men begränsade i utsträckning då området som helhet har haft få effekter. Den största effekt Sveavägen 44 har haft på området i norra CBD är hyrespåverkan. I takt med att hyror i CBD har ökat har det faktum att Diligentia kräver hyror högt över medelhyran i området bidragit till en stark positiv hyresutveckling i området. Attraktiviten för butiks- och kontorslokaler i området har ökat, framförallt för de förstnämnda. Butiker i området står förmodligen för en större utveckling framöver; den ökade efterfrågan kommer med sannolikhet tvinga utbudet till en upprustning. Förutom förädlingen för butikslokaler bedöms områdesutvecklingen annars stå stilla. Fastigheternas låga ytvakans och relativt höga standard håller tillbaka en större fastighetsutveckling i området. Möjligtvis kommer mindre flexibla fastigheter med rumsindelade lokaler, som nu har höga vakanser, att konverteras till bostäder. Områdets status som Stockholms China Town, om än svagt idag, kommer att blekna och området längre norrut längs Sveavägen, utanför CBD, kommer befästas som Stockholms China Town.
Stockholm has a historical population growth and a time of reconstruction and densification is to be expected for the metropolitan area of Stockholm. This change contributes strongly to extension of the CBD. There are many projects under construction or in the planning process in city. One of these projects is the refurbishment of Diligentia’s profile property Sveavägen 44 in the northern parts of the CBD. There have been projects implemented in the outskirts of CBD before. In the Central Station area a number of large projects have been carried out. At Blasieholmen there was a big investment in three properties. These projects have been successful in terms of its impact on the area and they have more or less been a starting point for a larger real estate development in its area. Both areas are part of what is today considered as CBD. This master thesis aims to investigate whether, and if so, how much impact the renovation of Sveavägen 44 has on the surrounding area. So far, Sveavägen 44 is relatively isolated from the city center and alone of its high standard in the area. The question is if Diligentia’s large investment in Sveavägen 44 could motivate more players in the area to refine their properties and these projects will end up having a big impact on the area. The development of the northern CBD will be discussed in terms of area development, rental development, value creation and the vacancy rate. The conclusion of the study is that the impact Sveavägen 44 has on the area is positive but limited in the extent to which the area as a whole has had an impact. The biggest impact on the area in northern CBD Sveavägen 44 has had is on the rental development. In line with the increased rental levels in CBD, together with the fact that Diligentia is demanding rents over the average rental level for the area, has contributed to a strong positive rental development. The demands for retail and office space in the area have increased, especially for the former. Shops in the area are facing a larger development in the future; the increased demand will likely compel supply improvement. Besides the refinement of retail premises the development of the area is assessed to otherwise stand still. The low vacancy rate of space and relatively high standard for the properties in the area will hold back a movement of upgrading the premises. It is possible for the difficult room structured properties, suffering from high vacancies, to be converted into residential. The status of the area as Stockholm’s China Town, yet not widely used, will fade and an area further north alongside Sveavägen, outside the border of CBD, will be consolidated as Stockholm’s China Town.
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Ljungberg, Charlotte, and Michelle Jeng. "Demand for office space in the vicinity of a newly established commercial space." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191462.

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The locations surrounding is a primary factor for office tenants when chosing space. What makes the location attractive, however, depends on a number of factors for instance the  office tenants' individual preferences. This thesis aims to Explain  how an area and it’s surrounding office buildings are affected by the establishment of a new commercial space. Futhermore, we have more closely studied Mood Stockholm which is one of the newest and most exciting commercial spaces in Stockholm. The area around Mood Stockholm was previously forgotten and lacked movement of people. Even though the property is located in Stockholm CBD which generally has a high demand and market rents, the property’s vicinity was not that attractive. The results of this study shows that the commercial space has brought life into the area by bringing an increase of people  and in turn a higher number of urban activities and services. The general street environment has also been improved. It can therefore be concluded that the commercial space has increased the  area's attractiveness.   The results also showed that the establishment of Mood Stockholm has increased the activity and movement in the area. This in turn has created a safer environment in the neighborhood. The establishment of the commercial space has Also  led to a higher demand for office premises in the neighborhood and increased rent levels. It has also been found that the area has gone from a level –B area to a level--‐A area which indicates an increased willingness to pay a higher price for the rented space. The attractiveness of the area, however, has also been affected by other factors where cooperation between property owners in the area have been shown to have a significant impact on the area's development.
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Palmquist, Jacob. "How to identify downturns within an office submarke : A quantitative time series analysis of Stockholm CBD." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230936.

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The last couple of years there has been a significant increase in demand of attractive office locations in Stockholm consequently leading to all-time low office prime yields within the Central Business District (CBD), indicating warning signals regarding an overheated submarket. As the real estate market is crucial for the economy as a whole, it is essential to improve the understanding and predictability of future real estate cycles. This study produced three different logistic regression models with the purpose of identifying downturns in the office market of Stockholm CBD. The most successful model were able to predict 74 % of the actual downturns occurring throughout 114 observed quarters between Q3 1989 and Q4 2017. The dependent downturn variable consist of prime yield explained by variables on a national basis combined with submarket specific variables. Another produced model contained variables regarding confidence and expectations of tenants in Stockholm. However that model was unsatisfactory, leading to this study’s suggestion of further research on fluctuations of demand related to the current characteristics of Stockholm CBD.
Under de senaste åren har det skett en betydande ökning av efterfrågan på attraktiva kontorslokaler i Stockholm vilket resulterat i rekordlåga direktavkastningskrav inom Stockholm Central Business District (CBD), vilket indikerar på varningssignaler avseende en överhettad delmarknad. Eftersom fastighetsmarknaden är avgörande för ekonomin som helhet är det viktigt att förbättra förståelsen och förutsägbarheten för framtida fastighetscykler. Denna studie producerade tre olika logistiska regressionsmodeller med syfte att identifiera nedgångar i kontorsmarknaden inom Stockholm CBD. Den mest framgångsrika modellen kunde förutse 74 % av de faktiska nedgångarna som inträffade under 114 observerade kvartal mellan Q3 1989 och Q4 2017. Den beroende nedgångsvariabeln består av prime yield som förklaras av variabler på nationell basis i kombination med delmarknadsspecifika variabler. En annan producerad modell innehöll variabler avseende förtroende och förväntningar hos hyresgäster i Stockholm. Denna modell var dock otillfredsställande, vilket ledde till att denna studie föreslog ytterligare forskning om fluktuationer i efterfrågan relaterade till de nuvarande egenskaperna hos Stockholms centralbank
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Almgren, My, and Charlotte Mörkeberg. "Dagens kommersiella fastighetsmarknad : En studie av branschen och dess riskfaktorers påverkan på delmarknaderna kontor och butik i Stockholm CBD." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231813.

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Hyresmarknaden för lokaler i Stockholm CBD har de senaste åren präglats av en hög efterfrågan, svagt ökande utbud och en stark hyresutveckling till följd av en stadig BNP-tillväxt i Sverige. Vi har historiskt sett mycket låga räntor och direktavkastningskrav. De låga räntorna har bidragit till att mycket kapital sökt sig till fastighetsbranschen då alternativen för placeringar är få i den lågräntemiljö vi befinner oss i. Detta i kombination med branschaktörernas förväntningar om ökade hyresintäkter har lett till en snabb värdeökning på kommersiella fastigheter och sänkta direktavkastningskrav.  Marknaden påvisar idag tecken på att hyrestillväxten och värdeökningen nått sin topp och att vi snart kommer att se en stagnering eller rentav nedgång på marknaden. En lång konjunkturuppgång samt ovanligt låga räntor och politiska strömningar skapar tillsammans osäkerhet i branschen, eftersom fastighetsmarknaden är konjunktur- och räntekänslig. Trots en medvetenhet om en nedgång framöver, med lägre tillväxt, ökade vakansnivåer och därmed minskade hyresintäkter som konsekvens, har aktörer på marknaden paradoxalt nog fortfarande förväntningar om en fortsatt positiv utveckling, om än något svagare än tidigare.  De risker som kan urskiljas på dagens kommersiella fastighetsmarknad är ett flertal. Ökade räntekostnader utgör en risk för fastighetsbolagen. Till exempel kommer lagförslaget om minskade ränteavdragsmöjligheter påverka bolagens resultat negativt. En höjning av de långa räntorna skulle även slå hårt mot aktörerna på marknaden. Därför är det klokt att minska belåningsgrader samt sprida sina källor till finansiering.  Ytterligare en risk är en ökad digitalisering och konkurrens från exempelvis e-handeln, vilket påverkar hyresgästernas krav och förutsättningar. Vi kan i framtiden vänta oss en omvälvning av utformningen av lokaler för såväl butik som kontor. Dessutom kan de höga hyrorna som observeras på delmarknaderna för kontor och butik i Stockholm CBD driva ut hyresgäster till närliggande förorter eller andra storstäder. På grund av dessa två faktorer gäller det då för fastighetsbolag att ständigt arbeta flexibelt och långsiktigt för att möta den förändrande efterfrågan och fånga upp eventuella rörelser i ett tidigt skede.
The rental market for commercial properties in Stockholm CBD has been characterized by high demand, weak growth in supply and a robust development of rental revenues due to Sweden’s stable GDP growth in recent years. Yields and interest rates are historically low. Low interest rates have contributed to attracting capital to property since alternatives are few in a low-interest rate environment. This combined with property owners’ expectations of increased rental revenues has resulted in an accelerated increase in the value of commercial properties and lower yields. There are signs today that the growth in rental revenues and the increase in property values have reached their peaks, and that we will soon see stagnation or even a downward trend in the market. Taken together, a long period of growth, unusually low interest rates, and political developments has created uncertainty in the market, given that the real estate market is sensitive to changes in business cycles and interest rates. Despite being aware of a future slow-down, with lower growth, increased vacancies, and therefore, lower rental revenues, market actors paradoxically still have positive expectations of continuing favourable developments on the market, albeit at a slower pace. Several threats to the current property market can be identified. Increased interest rate costs constitute a risk for real estate companies. For example, the proposed legislation to reduce the possibilities of interest deductions will have a negative impact on profits. Moreover, a raise in long-term interest rates would have a severe impact on the market. Consequently, it would be wise to lower loan-to-value ratios, and to diversify sources of capital. An additional uncertainty is increased digitalization and competition from e-commerce, which affect both the demands and requirements that tenants may have. In the future, we may expect considerable changes in the design of spaces for both retail properties and offices. Furthermore, the high rents that may be observed on today’s retail and office rental market in Stockholm CBD could result in tenants choosing to relocate to nearby suburbs or other cities. Real estate companies must therefore constantly have a flexible and long-term strategy in order to meet changes in demand and detect market changes at an early stage.
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Carlbom, Isabella, and Andrea Paulsson. "Avstånd till kollektivtrafik och dess påverkan på bostadspriser." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231768.

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Läget anses vara den enskilt viktigaste faktorn som förklarar fastighetsvärden och bostadspriser, dock är begreppet väldigt brett. ​Inget läge är det andra likt och det är ofta det som gör bostäder speciella. Det är också detta som gör det problematiskt att värdera en bostad. Det råder en stor variation i bostadspriserna och hur de varierar är svårt att kartlägga på grund av mängden faktorer som spelar in.  Arbetet har som utgångspunkt att studera hur bostadspriserna beror av lägesvariabeln avstånd och hur det ser ut för småhus respektive lägenheter. Avståndsvariabeln innefattar avstånd till centrum samt avstånd till närmaste kollektivtrafik. Undersökningen kommer appliceras på en lokal nivå i Sundbybergs kommun och relaterar till en eventuell monocentrisk stadsmodell, då avstånd till stor del är temporalt och inte enbart geografiskt.  Den monocentriska stadsmodellen är en av de modeller som försöker förklara variationen utifrån bostadens läge. Enligt teorin bakom modellen ökar bostadspriserna desto närmre kärnan bostaden är belägen och på så sätt beror bostadspriserna av ett lägespris. Anledningen till varför priserna ökar närmre kärnan beror på att man är villig att betala mindre för transportkostnader till ett centrum dit stadens invånare antas transportera sig till dagligen för att nå arbete och önskad service. I denna rapport vill vi testa om den monocentriska stadsmodellen går att applicera på lokal nivå i Sundbybergs kommun genom att studera om det finns ett samband mellan bostadspriserna och avståndet till centrum.  För att kunna testa hur olika lägesfaktorer påverkar bostadspriserna används hedoniska prismodeller. Med en hedonisk prismodell kan man bryta ner ett observerat pris från sin helhet till implicita priser för varje attribut. Generellt är det en modell som kan tillämpas för att förstå bostadspriset. Arbetets syfte är att studera om det förekommer något samband mellan ett bostadspris och avståndet till ett lokalt centrum. Om bostadsprisstrukturerna kan kartläggas med modellerna skulle det kunna underlätta planeringen av nya områden och infrastruktur samt belysa de attribut som bör värdesättas högt i ett område. Syftet är också att undersöka hur bostadsprisstrukturen ser ut i ett område beroende på hur priserna influeras av avstånd till kollektivtrafik samt hur det skiljer sig mellan olika lokala områden. Enligt teorin från den monocentriska stadsmodellen bör bostadspriserna öka när avståndet till ett centrum minskar och med liknande resonemang borde bostadsprisena öka när avståndet till närmaste kollektivtrafik minskar.  För att uppnå syftet genomförs en litteraturstudie för att få bättre förståelse för teorin bakom den monocentriska stadsmodellen, den hedoniska prismodellen samt för att klargöra olika prispåverkande faktorer på bostadspriser. Utifrån teorin ställs hedoniska prismodeller upp där olika lägesvariabler analyseras.  Resultaten från de olika modellerna visar att för småhus är en monocentrisk stadsmodell applicerbar på Sundbybergs kommun. Däremot kan det inte dras någon slutsats om en monocentrisk stadsmodell för lägenheter. ​Principerna i den monocentriska modellen är svårapplicerade på området, främst för att Sundbyberg påverkas mycket av närheten till Stockholms innerstad men också för att kommunen är liten och inte homogen. Avståndet till närmaste kollektivtrafik visar sig ha motsatt effekt på bostadspriserna från hypotesen. Ägare till både småhus och lägenheter är inte villiga att betala mer för en bostad placerad nära kollektivtrafik. Däremot ​har närhet till kollektivtrafik en påverkan på slutpriset som överensstämmer med hypotesen i vissa områden i kommunen.  I rapporten är den insamlade datan begränsad vilket påverkar resultatet. ​För att ta fram en bättre värderingsmodell och kartläggning av faktorn avstånd måste därför fler lägesfaktorer samt andra prispåverkande faktorer inkluderas i modellen.
The location of a residence is considered to be the most important element when illuminate real estate values and housing prices, but the element is problematically due to its amplitude. The element, location, is unique and no housing is another comparable which implicates the difficulty to value a residence. There is a great variety in housing prices and how they varies is hard to identify due to the large amount of affecting elements.  The basis of this work is the study of how the housing prices depends on the location element and how it differs between houses and apartments. The location element implicate ​distance to a city center​ and ​distance to the closest public transport​ . The research will be applied at a local level in Sundbyberg and relate to a possible monocentric city model, where distance substantially is temporal and not only geografic.  One of the models that attempt to explain the location elements variety is the monocentric city model. According to the theory, housing prices increases the closer the object is situated to a city. The reason why the prices increases closer to the city is because citizens will be prepared to pay more for housing when the transportation cost decreases. This study examine inter alia if the monocentric city model can be applied on a local level in Sundbyberg by checking a potential relation between housing prices and the distance to city. To be able to try out the influence of various location elements on housing prices, hedonic price models are applied. A hedonic price model breaks down an ensembled observed price to implicit prices for each attribute. Generally, the model is carried out to understand the housing price. The intention of the work is to study if a relation between housing prices and the distance to a local city center anticipates. If the structure of housing prices can be charted with the models it would facilitate the planning of new domains and infrastructure, as well as illuminate attributes valuable in a region. This work also aim to examine how housing prices are influenced by distance to public transports and how that differs between various local areas. According to the monocentric theory, housing prices ought to increase when the distance to the city center decreases, with similar reasoning housing prices ought to increase when the distance to closest public transport decreases. To achieve the purpose a literature study is implemented to obtain immerse understanding of the theory behind the monocentric city model, the hedonic price model but also to clarify various elements that affect housing prices. Based on the theory, location elements are, in this report, analyzed in hedonic price models.  The result from the different models implicates that for houses in Sundbyberg a monocentric city model is applicable. However, no conclusion can be made for apartments in Sundbyberg. The principles of the model are hard to applicate on the area, mostly because Sundbyberg is affected by the vicinity to the inner city of Stockholm but also because of the small area and the lack of homogeneity. The distance to the closest public transport shows an opposite effect on the housing prices than the hypothesis. Both house and apartment owners are not prepared to pay more for a residence closer to a public transport. However, corresponding to the hypothesis, vincinity to public transport has in some local areas in Sundbyberg an impact on housing prices. The collected data in the report is limited which affect the result. To be able to receive a better valuation and clarification of the distance element, the model need to include more location elements and other elements that affect housing prices
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Martinsson, Klara, and Lisa Olsson. "Geotracking as an indicator of prime location." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277625.

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In Sweden, there is practically free rental setting in the retail market. While there is an indirect tenancy regulation that protects the tenant, it does not prevent the establishment of market rents.Rent levels are generally highest in the central business district (CBD), following a rental pattern that confirms the monocentric urban model. It is also confirmed in the classic works of Von Thünen, Alonso, Mills, and Muth, that strong links exist between price and centrality. Stockholm's inner city is a typical example of this. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether geotracking can be used as an indicator of a prime location. Since the monocentric model claims that rents levels should be highest in the most central parts of a city, geotracking will be investigated as a tool for measuring the degree of centrality. The geotracking variable is based on the number of passing pedestrians outside retail premises, while rent levels are collected by leasing contracts. Geotracking serves as anexplanatory variable in the hedonic model where rent levels work as the dependent variable.This thesis assumes that a more central location, within the CBD, has a higher number of passers by than a less central one. This is a quantitative research-based study on walking data from Footfall, as well as market information provided Cushman & Wakefield. Footfall is a tool within Datscha that quantifies peoples movement patterns by tracking them through the mobile phone network. During this study, over 370 leases will be examined, of which approximately 250 contracts will be used in a regression analysis. All premises are located in the central parts of Stockholm. The relationship between rent levels and pedestrian traffic will be analysed in a traditional hedonic price equation with linear regression analysis. Through Footfall, the average number of passersby is collected for each address between March 2019, up until March 2020. The study results in a positive, and statistically significant, relationship between the number of passers by and rents for retail. In other words, rent levels increase as pedestrian traffic past the premises increase. However, the statistical relationship is weak. In the past, numerous studies on the relationship between location, rent, and property prices have been carried out. However,to our knowledge, there are no earlier studies of significance where Footfall- data has been usedfor academic purposes, until now.
I Sverige är det så gott som fri hyressättning på butikhyresmarknaden. Det finns en indirekt hyresreglering som skyddar hyresgästen, men som inte hindrar etablering av marknadshyra. Hyresnivåerna är i allmänhet högst i CBD (stadskärnan) och i huvudsak enligt ett hyresmönster som kallas monocentrisk stadsmodell. Detta styrks även i studier från klassiska verk så som Von Thünen, Alonso, Mills och Muth, där starka kopplingar mellan pris och centralitet redovisas. Ett tydligt exempel är Stockholms innerstad. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka huruvida geotracking kan användas som en indikator för centraliteten av ett läge. Då den monocentriska stadsmodellen fastslår att hyresnivåerna bör vara högst i de mest centrala delarna av en stad, kommer geotracking undersökas som ett verktyg för att mäta graden av centralitet vidare inom just CBD. Variabeln för geotracking baseras på antalet förbipasserande fotgängare utanför detaljhandelslokaler medans hyresnivåerna samlas in från hyresavtal. Geotracking fungerar som en förklarande variabel iden hedoniska modellen, där hyresnivåer fungerar som den beroende variabeln. Rapporten bygger på antagandet att ett mer centralt läge inom CBD har ett högre antal förbipasserande än ett mindre centralt. Detta är en kvantitativ forskningsbaserad studie på promenaddata från Datscha (Footfall), samt marknadsinformation tillhandahållen av Cushman & Wakefield. Footfall ägs av Datscha och ärett verktyg som kvantifierar människors rörelsemönster. Under denna studie kommer över 370 hyresavtal att granskas, varav cirka 250 kontrakt kommer att användas i en regressionsanalys.Samtliga lokaler är lokaliserade i Stockholms innerstad. Förhållandet mellan hyresnivåer och fotgängstrafik kommer att analyseras i en traditionell hedonisk prisekvation med linjärregressionsanalys. Genom Footfall hämtas det genomsnittliga antalet förbipasserande för varje adress mellan mars 2019 fram till mars 2020.Studien Studien resulterar i ett positivt och statistiskt signifikant samband mellan antalet förbipasserande och hyror för detaljhandeln. Med andra ord, hyresnivåerna ökar när fotgängstrafiken förbi lokaler ökar. Sambandet är dock statistiskt svagt. Tidigare har det gjorts undersökningar på förhållandet mellan plats, hyror och fastighetspriser.
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von, Heideken Hedda, and Nina Höglund. "E-commerce and its Effects on Commercial Real Estate and F&B : Space Conversions, the Optimal Meeting Place and Future Expectations on Development in Stockholm CBD." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254732.

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People are becoming more digital today, and are spending the majority of their time behindscreens. Because of this, the importance to socialize have become more prominent. In thisdigital era, more businesses are establishing online. A structural reformation in the retailmarket is inevitable. One of the reasons for this is the competition which comes frominternational competitor. Consumers can click home goods directly from internationallow-cost production actors. With this change, it has become harder for physical retailbusiness to become profitable. Even though the online retail market is blooming, there is stilla need for physical spaces in Stockholm, and this is because of webrooming and Halo effects.In combination to this, retailers desire fewer and smaller spaces. Further, the effectse-commerce has on physical retail have altered the way real estate owners establish theirspaces. Several real estate owners convert retail stores into food and beverage (F&B). TheF&B sector has become more important and prominent today because of its importance ofcreating a meeting place in today’s society. Due to this, the F&B market is saturated causingcannibalization between actors.The aim of this study is to explore and interpret qualitative data, based on interviews withbranch experts from real estate owners and consultants, retailers, researchers and F&B actors.Considering, if the online retail market affects the F&B market in Stockholm CBD. What willbe the future for physical retail and F&B spaces, based on the change in consumer behaviour?What is the relation between the expanding online market and the conversion from retail toF&B? What will happen when the market is saturated and how will the future meeting placebe established? The thesis will also be based on a case study of Sergelstan, a developmentproject in Stockholm CBD, owned and established by Vasakronan.The conclusion of the research is that e-commerce has an indirect impact on the F&B sector,based on direct effect from retail. The physical retail sector creates vacancy due to a changedconsumer behaviour, which enables other sectors to grow. Due to the importance of ameeting place for society, real estate owners have almost doubled their F&B supply in theCBD of Stockholm.
Dagens människor blir allt mer digitala och spenderar majoriteten av sin tid framför skärmar,så vikten att umgås blivit allt viktigare. Den digitala världen expanderar och allt fler företagöppnar online, vilket har skapat en oundviklig strukturell reform för detaljhandelsmarknaden.Konsumenterna kan klicka hem varor direkt från internationella lågprisaktörer som bidragittill att konkurrensen ökar på marknaden. Utvecklingen gör att det blir allt svårare för denfysiska detaljhandeln att bli lönsam. Trots att onlinehandeln är resultatrik, så finns detfortfarande ett behov av fysiska butiker i Stockholm bland annat på grund av webroomingoch Haloeffekt. En ökad e-handeln har bidragit till butikernas behov av fysiska ytor minskateller försvunnit. Effekterna av e-handeln på fysiska butiker har därmed skapat en förändringför fastighetsägare, däribland hur man väljer att etablera hyresgäster i sina kommersiellafastigheter. Flera fastighetsägare väljer att konvertera de fysiska butikerna till andra mergynnsamma sektorer, exempelvis mat och dryck (F&B). F&B sektorn har blivit viktigare ochmer betydelsefull idag, eftersom det skapar en mötesplats. En överetablering av F&B harmättat marknaden och istället skapat en kannibalisering mellan aktörerna.Syftet är att undersöka och tolka kvalitativa data, baserat på semistrukturerade intervjuer frånfastighetsägare och konsulter, forskare, detaljhandlare och F&B-aktörer. Frågan somundersöks i det här examensarbetet är om e-handeln påverkar F&B marknaden i Stockholmsstadskärna. Vad kommer att hända med de fysiska ytorna för butiker och F&B i framtiden,som grundar sig i ett förändrat konsumetbeteende? Vad är förhållandet mellan expansionenav e-handel och konvertering från fysisk butik till F&B? Vad kommer att hända närmarknaden är mättad och hur kommer den framtida mötesplatsen att utformas?Undersökningen baseras på en fallstudie av Sergelstan, ett kommersiellt fastighetsprojekt,som ägs och utvecklas av Vasakronan.Slutsatsen är att e-handeln har en indirekt påverkan på F&B. Den fysiska detaljhandelnskapar vakanta ytor på grund av ett förändrat konsumentbeteende, vilket möjliggör för andrasektor att växa. På grund av vikten av en mötesplats i dagens samhälle har en fördubbling avF&B skett i CBD Stockholm.
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10

Murray, Maximilian, and Johan Åsander. "Transaktionsmarknaden i Stockholms CBD : Motiven bakom 5 transaktioner." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96627.

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Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att ta reda på motiven bakom förvärven och försäljningarna av fastigheter som ägde rum i CBD under 2011. På grund av tidsbegränsningen, har vi valt att göra en fallstudie på 5 av de 11 transaktionerna. Informationen är framförallt baserad på 10 intervjuer som skett med ledande personer hos säljarna respektive köparna, där vi ställt ett visst antal frågor som berört vår frågeställning i arbetet. Vi har även fördjupat oss i de olika aktörernas hemsidor och årsredovisningar för att få en större insikt i vilken typ av investerare de är. De aktörer vi berört kan kategoriseras in i olika investerarkategorier som varit involverade i de olika transaktionerna. Det är renodlade fastighetsbolag, institutioner och övriga företag som varit inblandade i de 5 transaktioner, vi valt att beröra. Dessa olika investeringsgrupper skiljer sig åt i motiven varför de har valt att avyttra respektive förvärva fastigheter i CBD; dock finns det även likheter i deras motiv.
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Books on the topic "Stockholm CBD"

1

1953-, Carlstedt-Duke J., Eriksson Håkan, and Gustafsson Jan-Åke, eds. The steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family and gene regulation: Proceedings of the 2nd International CBT Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, November 4-5, 1988. Basel: Birkhäuser, 1989.

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2

International Conference on Gears 2019. VDI Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556.

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Der Bericht ist ausschließlich als PDF-Dokument erschienen! Drei Konferenzen in einer, auf 1.874 Seiten finden Sie jede Menge aller neueste Informationen zum Thema Gears. Die beiden anderen Konferenzen waren: 3rd International Conference on High Performance Plastic Gears 2019 und 3rd International Conference on Gear Production 2019 Achtung: Dieser VDI-Bericht ist ausschließlich als PDF-Datei auf CD-ROM lieferbar! Auszug aus dem 22-seitigen Inhaltsverzeichnis: Foreword 1 K. Stahl, Technische Universität München (TUM), Garching International Conference on Gears 2019 Flank strength Influence of gear surface roughness on pitting and micropitting life 3 E. Bergstedt, Prof. U. Olofsson, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden; J. Lin, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; P. Lindholm, ABB Corporate Research, Västerås, Sweden Influence of stressed volume of tooth flank on the surface durability 15 A. Kubo, Research Institute for Applied Sciences, Ooicho, Kyoto, Japan Transfer of the tooth fl...
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3

Carlstedt-Duke, J. The Steroid/Thyroid Hormone Receptor Family and Gene Regulation: Proceedings of the 2nd International CBT Symposium Stockholm, Sweden, November 4–5, 1988. Birkhäuser, 2013.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stockholm CBD"

1

Papukchiev, Angel. "Experimental Validation of ANSYS CFX for Transient Flows With Heat Transfer in a Tubular Heat Exchanger." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81104.

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Within the European SESAME project (1) extensive experimental work is performed that is complemented by the development, application and validation activities of thermal-hydraulic simulation tools for different scales. The TALL-3D experimental facility, operated by KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, is designed for thermal-hydraulic experiments with lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) coolant at natural and forced circulation conditions. The heat generated in the primary TALL-3D circuit is transferred via a double-tube counter-flow heat exchanger (HX) to the secondary side, which is cooled by glycerol oil. Validation calculations with the coupled simulation code ATHLET-ANSYS CFX within the European THINS project showed that one of the major challenges for this 1D-3D simulation of the experimental facility lies in the calculation of the HX with ATHLET. This is due to the fact that glycerol oil properties are not yet available for ATHLET. In order to better understand the flow and heat transfer phenomena inside the HX, 3D stand-alone calculations with ANSYS CFX were carried out for the SESAME experiment TG03.S301.03. The data generated in this experimental run is challenging for validation of CFD codes, because the test combines buoyancy driven LBE flow in the primary circuit and a turbulent oil flow in the secondary TALL-3D side. Moreover, the validation gets even more difficult for the CFD approach due to the fact that both coolants are non-unity Prandtl fluids and this requires a careful modelling of the turbulent heat flux. In this paper, the TALL-3D HX behavior during test TG03.S301.03 is analyzed and the results of the ANSYS CFX calculations are compared with measurements.
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