Journal articles: 'Stocks – Zimbabwe'

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OCHANDA, H., A. S. YOUNG, G. F. MEDLEY, and B. D. PERRY. "Vector competence of 7 rhipicephalid tick stocks in transmitting 2 Theileria parva parasite stocks from Kenya and Zimbabwe." Parasitology 116, no. 6 (June 1998): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098002613.

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The competence of 7 different stocks of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and R. zambeziensis to transmit 2 different stocks of Theileria parva was compared by feeding nymphae of each tick stock simultaneously on infected cattle and assessing the infections in the salivary glands of the resultant adult ticks. There were significant differences in the patterns of infection of the 2 stocks (T. parva Muguga and T. parva Boleni) in the different stocks of ticks, and these differences were shown to be reproducible. The Muguga tick stock from Kenya and the Zambia tick stock from Eastern Province had the highest infections of T. parva Muguga and T. parva Boleni respectively. The Zambia Southern Province tick stock and the Zimbabwe Mashonaland West tick stock had the lowest infections of T. parva Muguga and T. parva Boleni respectively. The difference in mean abundance of infection between the most and least efficient vector for T. parva Muguga was 63·3 while that for T. parva Boleni was 54·4 infected acini. The implications of these results for laboratory transmission of T. parva and for the epidemiology of theileriosis are discussed.

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Ndebele-Murisa, Mzime Regina, Emmanuel Mashonjowa, and Trevor Hill. "The implications of a changing climate on the Kapenta fish stocks of Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 66, no. 2 (June 2011): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0035919x.2011.600352.

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Nyamadzawo, George, Menas Wuta, Justice Nyamangara, and Philip Nyamugafata. "Soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks along a seasonal wetland (dambo) transect in central Zimbabwe." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 32, no. 1 (December 6, 2014): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2014.966338.

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MUJURU, L., L. RUSINAMHODZI, J. NYAMANGARA, and M. R. HOOSBEEK. "Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and manure application on storage of carbon and nitrogen under continuous maize cropping in Arenosols and Luvisols of Zimbabwe." Journal of Agricultural Science 154, no. 2 (June 19, 2015): 242–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859615000520.

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SUMMARYSoil organic matter (SOM) is important for long-term crop productivity through maintenance of soil quality and is also now receiving attention due to its potential for climate change mitigation. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of 9 years of fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total organic nitrogen (TON) and their fractions for the 0–50 cm profile in clayey (Luvisols) and sandy (Arenosols) soils in Murewa District, Zimbabwe. Three treatments were assessed: unfertilized (Control), nitrogen fertilizer (Nfert) and nitrogen fertilizer plus cattle manure (Nfert+manure). Density fractionation was used to assess the distribution of SOC and TON in three SOM fractions and their sensitivity to fertilization in fields 0–50 m away from homesteads (Homefields) and > 100 m away from homesteads (outfields). The relationship between light and heavy fraction organic carbon (C) were analysed to determine equilibrium levels that give an indication of carbon storage potential. In clayey soils total organic C under Nfert+manure was 4% higher than Nfert and 16% higher than the control. In sandy soils, SOC stocks were lowest in the control and highest in Nfert treatments at all depths. Nine years of fertilization significantly influenced SOC concentrations and storage up to 20 cm depth, below which stocks and concentrations of C and N were statistically insignificant. Distribution of C and N in density fractions showed greater stabilization under Nfert+manure in clayey soils, whereas it was greater under Nfert in sandy soils. Estimation of equilibrium levels suggested that homefields had potential to store more C, whereas outfields and control treatments had limited capacity due to attainment of lower equilibrium levels. Application of manure can be a low-cost alternative for enhancing soil quality and promoting soil C sequestration under conventionally tilled continuous maize cropping systems in Zimbabwe.

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Gara, Tawanda Winmore, Amon Murwira, and Henry Ndaimani. "Predicting forest carbon stocks from high resolution satellite data in dry forests of Zimbabwe: exploring the effect of the red-edge band in forest carbon stocks estimation." Geocarto International 31, no. 2 (May 20, 2015): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2015.1041563.

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Irvin, A. D., S. P. Morzaria, F. C. Munatswa, and R. A. I. Norval. "Immunization of cattle with a Theileria parva bovis stock from zimbabwe protects against challenge with virulent T.p. parva and T.p. lawrencei stocks from Kenya." Veterinary Parasitology 32, no. 4 (August 1989): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(89)90037-x.

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Ruggeri, Michael. "Sustainable Intensification in a Forest-agriculture Frontier Landscape: Analysis of C Capture and Sequestration Potential Under Two Different Scenarios in Binga District, Zimbabwe." Journal of Land and Rural Studies 7, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321024919844425.

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Zimbabwe has been experiencing widespread land degradation, soil erosion, increasing aridity and temperatures that, coupled with population growth, pose a menace to agricultural production and prospective food security. As a win-win strategy, conservation agriculture (CA) is being promoted across the country with the objective to restore damaged ecosystems, curb and revert environmental depletion and guarantee food security. Binga district, where smallholders’ cropland expansion has been identified as the main driver of deforestation, has been one of the first recipient of CA-supporting projects and is the current beneficiary of a newly implemented Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD)+ project. In light of the controversial forest-sparing/forest-clearing effect of sustainable intensification, the present study tried to assess how the adoption of CA may influence deforestation rates in the area and related C stocks under two hypothetical future scenarios. A pool of experts was consulted with the objective to quantify land cover changes in 2040 and the model InVEST was used to compute the district C stocks under the two considered scenarios. Findings show that the rate of CA adoption in Binga is very limited, partly failing to address the problem of agriculture-driven deforestation and widespread farmland degradation. Consequently, both scenarios portray a district doomed to a poverty-environmental degradation vicious cycle that, according to experts, requires a holistic approach to be eased.

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Marumbi, R., P. Nyamugafata, M. Wuta, P. Tittonell, and E. Torquebiau. "Influence of planting basins on selected soil quality parameters and sorghum yield along an agro-ecological gradient in South Eastern Zimbabwe." Southern Africa Journal of Education, Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajest.v5i1.39821/sajest.2020.001.

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Planting basins are an important soil and water conservation technology. This study evaluated the effects of basins on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, aggregate stability (Ima), bulk density, soil moisture retention and sorghum yield in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V of Chipinge district. The experiment consisted of three treatments; namely planting basins (basins) with goat manure and inorganic fertilizer application, hand hoeing with similar fertility amendments (FP+) and hand hoeing without fertility amendments (FP). It was hypothesized that planting basins with fertility amendments would improve the selected soil quality parameters and sorghum yield. Only planting basins significantly (p˂0.05) improved soil quality parameters in the 0-15 cm depth and bulk density, Ima, SOC stocks ranged from 1356 to 1451 kg/m3; 314 to 450 and 14.18 to 25.55 Mg ha-1 respectively. Planting basins significantly increased (p<0.05) sorghum yield relative to hand-hoeing practices (FP+ and FP) with average grain yield of 2.68, 1.72 and 1.32 t ha-1 in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V, respectively. When compared to FP+ and FP, basins increased grain yield by >130% in all the 3 agro-ecological regions. The hypothesis was accepted and it was concluded that basins improve soil properties and sorghum grain yield in agro-ecological regions III, IV and V. Considering the soil and crop productivity benefits highlighted in this study, there is a strong justification for the widespread promotion and adoption of planting basins in semi-arid agro-ecological regions of Zimbabwe.

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9

Mugumisi, Nathan. "Zimbabwean Manufacturing Firms' Propensity and Intensity to Export in the Post Zimbabwean Dollar Era." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2087.

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After the adoption of the multicurrency system in 2009 Zimbabweâ€™s macroeconomic environment stabilized but the new economic order exposed the economy to a crippling liquidity crisis. Exports remain the only sustainable solution to Zimbabweâ€™s liquidity crisis in the short to medium term given the current sanctions that limits other international capital flows. This study sort to understand the factors that determine Zimbabwean manufacturing firmsâ€™ likelihood and intensity to export. The study a was based on panel data from a 19 manufacturing firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange over the period 2009 to 2017. The propensity and intensity to export was estimated using the logit and Tobit regression models respectively. Bigger firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high propensity to export. Foreign owned firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high intensity to export, while those with high domestic turnover tended to export less. The appreciation of the USD increased Zimbabwean manufacturing firmsâ€™ propensity and intensity to export. We urge the policy makers to design investment laws that attract foreign investors, and managers to prioritize research and development. We also recommend firm managers to take advantage of periods of currency appreciation to recapitalize at a cheaper cost and export more goods since Zimbabweâ€™s manufacturing production is highly import dependent.

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10

Tsaurai, Kunofiwa, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "The dynamics of capital market development in Zimbabwe." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 2 (2012): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i2c3art5.

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This paper takes stock of the achievements, the trends, as well as the challenges facing the stock market development in Zimbabwe. The study has been motivated by the recent debate on the role of stock market development in economic growth in developing countries. Apart from highlighting the role of stock market development, as well as the efficacy of the stock market in bolstering economic growth in Zimbabwe, the study also pinpoints some of the factors that limit the stock market development in Zimbabwe. The findings of this study show that the experience of Zimbabwe with stock market development, just as in many other developing countries, is mixed. In particular, the positive influence of stock market development on savings and investment remains low in Zimbabwe. While stock market development has been increasing, the country’s gross domestic savings and investment have been low and subsiding. This suggests that Zimbabwe’s gross national savings could be stock market development inelastic.

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11

Davis, Angela R., Amnon Levi, Antonia Tetteh, Todd Wehner, Vincent Russo, and Michel Pitrat. "Evaluation of Watermelon and Related Species for Resistance to Race 1W Powdery Mildew." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, no. 6 (November 2007): 790–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.6.790.

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Powdery mildew [Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) Braun & Shishkoff (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea auct. p.p.)] is now a common disease on watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] in the United States. In this study, the entire available U.S. Plant Introduction collection of Citrullus Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. species was evaluated for resistance to P. xanthii race 1W. The collection consists of four Citrullus species and one Praecitrullus Pangalo species [C. lanatus var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf., C. colocynthis (L.) Schrad., C. rehmii De Winter, and P. fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo]. Wild-type accessions tended to be more resistant more often than the cultivated species, C. lanatus var. lanatus. None were immune, eight of the 1573 accessions exhibited high levels of resistance, and another 86 demonstrated intermediate resistance. Stem and leaf disease severity were weakly correlated (r 2 = 0.64, P = 0.001). The majority of accessions having resistance were collected in Zimbabwe. Resistance was found in four species.

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12

Gara, Tawanda W., Amon Murwira, Timothy Dube, Mbulisi Sibanda, Donald T. Rwasoka, Henry Ndaimani, Emmerson Chivhenge, and Chipo M. Hatendi. "Estimating forest carbon stocks in tropical dry forests of Zimbabwe: exploring the performance of high and medium spatial-resolution multispectral sensors." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 79, no. 1 (November 10, 2016): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2016.1233751.

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13

Jelsma, H. A., R. W. Nesbitt, and C. M. Fanning. "Exploring our current understanding of the geological evolution and mineral endowment of the Zimbabwe Craton." South African Journal of Geology 124, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 279–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.124.0020.

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Abstract A.M. Macgregor (1888-1961) is remembered for his enormous contribution to geology. His maps changed the course of geological thinking in southern Africa. Following in his footsteps we examine aspects of our current understanding of the geological evolution of the Zimbabwe Craton and, using new SHRIMP U-Pb ages of zircons from felsic volcanic and plutonic rocks from northern Zimbabwe and unpublished data related to the seminal paper by Wilson et al. (1995), a synthesis is proposed for the formation of the Neoarchaean greenstones. The data suggest marked differences (lithostratigraphy, geochemistry and isotope data, mineral endowment and deformational history), between Eastern and Western Successions, which indicate fundamentally different geodynamic environments of formation. The Eastern Succession within the southcentral part of the craton, largely unchanged in terms of stratigraphy, is reminiscent of a rift-type setting with the Manjeri Formation sediments and overlying ca. 2 745 Ma Reliance Formation komatiite magmatism being important time markers. In contrast, the Western Succession is reminiscent of a convergent margin subduction-accretion system with bimodal mafic-felsic volcanism and accompanying sedimentation constrained to between 2 715 and 2 683 Ma. At ca. 2 670 Ma, a tectonic switch likely marks the onset of deposition of Shamvaian felsic volcanism and sedimentation. The Shamvaian resembles pull-apart basin successions and is dominated by deposition of a coarse clastic sedimentary succession, with deposition likely constrained to between 2 672 and 2 647 Ma. The late tectonic emplacement of small, juvenile multiphase stocks, ranging in composition from gabbroic to granodioritic was associated with gold ± molybdenum mineralisation. Their emplacement at 2 647 Ma provides an upper age limit to the timespan of Shamvaian deposition. Amongst the youngest granites are the extensive, largely tabular late- to post-tectonic ca. 2 620 to 2 600 Ma Chilimanzi Suite granites. These granites are characterised by evolved isotopic systems and have been related to crustal relaxation and anatexis following deformation events. After their emplacement, the Zimbabwe Craton cooled and stabilised, with further deformation partitioned into lower-grade, strike-slip shear zones, and at ca. 2 575 Ma the craton was cut by the Great Dyke, its satellite dykes and related fractures.

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Mugumisi, Nathan. "Zimbabwean Manufacturing Firms’ Propensity and Intensity to Export in the Post Zimbabwean Dollar Era." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1.2087.

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After the adoption of the multicurrency system in 2009 Zimbabwe’s macroeconomic environment stabilized but the new economic order exposed the economy to a crippling liquidity crisis. Exports remain the only sustainable solution to Zimbabwe’s liquidity crisis in the short to medium term given the current sanctions that limits other international capital flows. This study sort to understand the factors that determine Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ likelihood and intensity to export. The study a was based on panel data from a 19 manufacturing firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange over the period 2009 to 2017. The propensity and intensity to export was estimated using the logit and Tobit regression models respectively. Bigger firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high propensity to export. Foreign owned firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high intensity to export, while those with high domestic turnover tended to export less. The appreciation of the USD increased Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ propensity and intensity to export. We urge the policy makers to design investment laws that attract foreign investors, and managers to prioritize research and development. We also recommend firm managers to take advantage of periods of currency appreciation to recapitalize at a cheaper cost and export more goods since Zimbabwe’s manufacturing production is highly import dependent.

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Chitimira, Howard, and Menelisi Ncube. "Towards Ingenious Technology and the Robust Enforcement of Financial Markets Laws to Curb Money Laundering in Zimbabwe." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (May 21, 2021): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a10729.

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Technology has positively contributed to the creation of financial markets and the facilitation of payments globally. The effective use of robust technology could enhance the consistent enforcement of financial market laws by curbing financial crimes in any country. This in turn would enhance the integrity of financial markets and promote the viability of financial markets. In relation to this, it appears that Zimbabwe has struggled to comply with international measures to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) since it has poor financial market laws which are inconsistently enforced due inter alia to its poor money laundering detection mechanisms and inadequate resources. For instance, Zimbabwe has to date failed to make satisfactory progress to adopt and enforce adequate risk mitigation measures against money laundering practices in accordance with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations. This is evidenced by the increased incidence of money laundering in Zimbabwean financial markets. Furthermore, the inconsistent enforcement of financial market laws has resulted in poor liquidity and the recent suspension of the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE). The viability and integrity of the Zimbabwean financial market has thus been compromised. This article discusses the integration and use of robust technology in the Zimbabwean financial market to curb financial crimes such as money laundering and bank fraud. The adequacy of financial market laws and/or regulations will also be discussed vis-à-vis their consistent enforcement by relevant bodies such as the Financial Intelligence Inspectorate Evaluation Unit (FIU) in Zimbabwe. This is done to evaluate the use of technology to curb money laundering and promote a viable economy and financial market in Zimbabwe. It is submitted that the relevant authorities should promote the effective use of technological inventions like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to curb money laundering, bank fraud and other related financial crimes in Zimbabwe.

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Makovere, Peter H., and Hlanganipai Ngirande. "The influence of corporate social responsibility on corporate competitive advantage: a case of Zimbabwean stock exchange listed companies." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 2 (2016): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i2c2p1.

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The study investigated the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Competitive Advantage on Zimbabwean listed companies. A stratified sample of 10 participants from 10 companies listed on Zimbabwe Stock Exchange was utilised to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility on competitive advantage during a period from 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013. The study utilised a mixed method approach and data was analysed in the form of descriptive statistics. The results show a significant influence of corporate social responsibility on competitive edge on Zimbabwe stock exchange listed companies. Results also reveal that the degree to which social responsibility is emphasized can impact a firm’s credibility, ultimately influencing the ability to raise capital, retain effective and productive staff, bid for quality raw materials from reputable suppliers and even manage to secure relatively lucrative growth opportunities. All these collectively help entities build and sustain strong competitive edges against their fellow competitors

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Kwenda, Farai. "Corporate financing strategies employed by Zimbabwean listed firms in the multiple currency era." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 3 (2015): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i3c2art1.

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The aim of this study is to review the corporate financing strategies employed by Zimbabwean listed firms since the adoption of the multiple currency system which set the country on a recovery path after the decade-long political, social and economic crises. The adoption of the multiple currency system necessitated recapitalization and retooling because most firms’ balance sheets were wiped away during the hyperinflation era. The study is based on secondary data of 80 firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange. The study found that rights issues and high retention ratios were the main strategies used by firms to recapitalize their operations. The recapitalization efforts have been by liquidity challenges that have characterised the multiple currency era

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Marozva, Godfrey. "Africa Stock Markets Cross-Market Linkages: A Time-Varying Dynamic Conditional Correlations (DCC-GARCH) Approach." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 33, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v33i2.9904.

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This article investigates stock return volatility and contagion among the five African countries (Zimbabwe, South Africa, Egypt, Kenya, and Nigeria) and the United States of America for the period between 1998 and 2015. Engle (2002)’s Dynamic Conditional Correlation multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model was adapted to explore the time-varying conditional correlations to capture the contagion behavior of these financial markets over time. In this article the researchers observes that South African Stock returns are highly correlated to NYSE stock returns and the coefficients are significant for all periods under consideration. Additionally, the South African stock returns are significantly negatively related to Zimbabwean stock returns. An analysis of correlation confirms what most scholars found, that the correlations amongst markets tend to increase during the time of crises and weaken during periods of stability with an exception of Egypt whose results indicate an insignificant negative correlation during the 2007/9 crisis. It is recommended that future research in this area should focus on the potential contagion mechanisms between African countries and European countries especially looking at what transpired during and after the sovereign debt crisis.

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Mazorodze, Brian Tavonga. "Re-visiting the External Debt-Economic Growth Question in Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 12, no. 2(J) (May 22, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v12i2(j).2939.

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This paper quantifies the threshold effect of external debt on economic growth in Zimbabwe between 1980 and 2016. Results from the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) technique confirm that external debt (up to 57% of GDP) raises economic growth. Beyond the 57% of GDP threshold, external debt lowers growth. A separate analysis of variance shows that the mean GDP per capita is lower by 11% when external debt exceeds 57%. From the sample average, the 57% of GDP threshold suggests that debt stock above 4.7 billion USD can be detrimental to the country’s long-run growth prospects. Currently, Zimbabwe’s external debt is standing at over 11 billion USD which is way above the estimated threshold level. Therefore, the policy implication arising from this paper is that the country’s Finance Minister needs to pursue debt-reduction strategies given that the country’s stock of external debt is already sitting in the growth-reducing territory.

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Sixpence, Atanas, Olufemi P. Adeyeye, and Rajendra Rajaram. "Impact of relative and absolute financial risks on share prices: a Zimbabwe Stock Exchange perspective." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(1).2020.01.

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The impact of financial risks on share prices concerns investors, company executives and accounting standards developers. Investors need this information in delineating their equity valuation models while company executives need the information to make appropriate capital structure decisions. Accounting standards developers use this information in their policy to make accounting standards contemporary. The authors examine the link between relative and absolute financial risks and share prices using a dynamic panel of non-financial listed companies on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange after dollarization. Equity investors incurred losses before dollarization, which prompted this investigation into the sphere of financial risks in order to explain share price movements so that investors can use it to minimize losses in the future. Absolute financial risk is measured by the total debt, while debt/equity ratio measures relative financial risk. Market capitalization as a proxy for equity and debt is measured by total liabilities. An average debt/equity ratio greater or equal to one qualifies a firm into the high-risk category while ratios below one imply low-risk firms. Results from two-step System Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) show negative and significant connection between relative risk and share prices across risk categories. The impact of absolute risk on share prices differs by risk category. Firm managers are advised to keep total liabilities below market capitalization in order to enjoy the benefits of low-risk categorization. Debt ratio is a reasonable indicator of value and investors can use it in equity valuation. Mandatory reporting of debt ratios should be considered by accounting standards developers.

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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa. "Stock market and foreign direct investment in Zimbabwe." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, no. 2 (2014): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i2art4.

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This study investigates the causality relationship between stock market and foreign direct investment. The subject has been contentious in recent years with three theoretical rationales emerging. The first being that FDI net inflows boost stock market by increasing the amount of funds into the host country’ economy. The second suggests that FDI inflows forces the host country government to embrace market friendly policies, regulations and controls that end up boosting stock market. The third theoretical rationale mentions that well-developed and functioning stock markets attracts FDI as multinational firms perceive such a market as a friendly environment whose government is more open to the international community. Using the bi-variate causality test framework, this study discovered that there exists a long run relationship between stock market and FDI net inflows in Zimbabwe. However, the direct causality relationship from either stock market to FDI or from FDI to stock market development could not be found. This implies that stock market development and FDI net inflows in Zimbabwe are indirectly related to each other via some factors whose investigation should be a subject of another research.

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Matindike, Shadreck, and Francis Mhere. "STOCK MARKETS AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN ZIMBABWE." Journal of International Finance and Economics 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jife-14-1.4.

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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "Stock market development, foreign capital inflows and economic growth in Zimbabwe: A multivariate causality test." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 2 (2012): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i2c3art1.

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In this study we examine the dynamic nexus between stock market development and economic growth – using time-series data from Zimbabwe. The causal relationship between stock market development and economic growth has been a subject of extensive debate in recent years. In an attempt to address the omission-of-variable bias, which has not been addressed by many previous studies, we have incorporated savings as a third variable in the bivariate setting between stock market development and economic growth – thereby creating a multivariate simulation. The study uses the Johansen–Juselius (Johansen and Juselius, 1990) (maximum likelihood) and a dynamic specification model to examine this linkage. The empirical results reveal that there is a distinct causal flow from stock market development to economic growth – without any feedback in Zimbabwe. The results also show that there is a unidirectional causal flow from savings to economic growth, and from stock market development to savings.

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Magweva, Rabson, and Tafirei Mashamba. "Stock Market Development and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis of Zimbabwe (1989-2014)." Financial Assets and Investing 7, no. 3 (November 30, 2016): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/fai2016-3-2.

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The relationship between stock market development and economic growth varies across nations and regions. This relationship is of significance to regulatory authorities, investors and portfolio managers in their operations aimed at enhancing the welfare of the citizens and clients at large. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between these two variables in Zimbabwe for the period 1989 to 2014. The paper employed the Vector Error Correction Model approach after establishing the order of integration (unit root tests) and cointegration between variables. All the variables were found to be stationary at 1% level after first differencing using the Phillips-Peron tests. The long run relationship was negative, whereas the short run coefficients were insignificant. Though contrary to financial theory, the results, to a large extent, testify to what happened during the period. Based on these findings, the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange and Securities and Exchanges Commission are urged to come up with alternative products to lure new listings from the small to medium enterprises. It is also recommended that all the stakeholders focus beyond the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange to promote economic growth as the firms seem to raise funds from other sources.

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Mazviona, Batsirai Winmore. "Measuring Investor Sentiment on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange." Asian Journal of Economic Modelling 3, no. 2 (2015): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.8/2015.3.2/8.2.21.32.

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Oyama, T. "Determinants of Stock Prices: The Case of Zimbabwe." IMF Working Papers 97, no. 117 (1997): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451941616.001.

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Mazuruse, Peter. "Canonical correlation analysis." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 6, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-09-2013-0047.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to construct a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) model for the Zimbabwe stock exchange (ZSE). This paper analyses the impact of macroeconomic variables on stock returns for the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange using the canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Design/methodology/approach – Data for the independent (macroeconomic) variables and dependent variables (stock returns) were extracted from secondary sources for the period from January 1990 to December 2008. For each variable, 132 sets of data were collected. Eight top trading companies at the ZSE were selected, and their monthly stock returns were calculated using monthly stock prices. The independent variables include: consumer price index, money supply, treasury bills, exchange rate, unemployment, mining and industrial index. The CCA was used to construct the CCA model for the ZSE. Findings – Maximization of stock returns at the ZSE is mostly influenced by the changes in consumer price index, money supply, exchange rate and treasury bills. The four macroeconomic variables greatly affect the movement of stock prices which, in turn, affect stock returns. The stock returns for Hwange, Barclays, Falcon, Ariston, Border, Caps and Bindura were significant in forming the CCA model. Research limitations/implications – During the research period, some companies delisted due to economic hardships, and this reduced the sample size for stock returns for respective companies. Practical implications – The results from this research can be used by policymakers, stock market regulators and the government to make informed decisions when crafting economic policies for the country. The CCA model enables the stakeholders to identify the macroeconomic variables that play a pivotal role in maximizing the strength of the relationship with stock returns. Social implications – Macroeconomic variables, such as consumer price index, inflation, etc., directly affect the livelihoods of the general populace. They also impact on the performance of companies. The society can monitor economic trends and make the right decisions based on the current trends of economic performance. Originality/value – This research opens a new dimension to the study of macroeconomic variables and stock returns. Most studies carried out so far in Zimbabwe zeroed in on multiple regression as the central methodology. No study has been done using the CCA as the main methodology.

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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa. "Investigating the viability of unit trust business in Zimbabwe." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 1 (2012): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i1c7art6.

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This paper uses a case study methodology to investigate the viability of unit trust business in Zimbabwe during the period from 2000 to 2005. The research revealed that unit trust companies at least managed to break even during the period under study except in 2004. However, factors which worked against unit trust business viability in Zimbabwe during the period under study include among others the restrictive regulatory framework, harsh operating economic environment, trustee inefficiency, low volume of funds under management, poor asset and liability management strategy, high levels of withdrawals and low confidence levels in unit trust companies. It can be concluded that unit trust business has good potential in Zimbabwe. The fact that unit trust funds’ returns have been consistently outperforming both inflation and stock market growth shows a great potential for unit trust business in Zimbabwe. The author therefore recommends that policies, which are geared towards boosting unit trusts’ funds under management, should be intensified, in order to promote long-term viability of unit trust business in Zimbabwe

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Hunguru, Peter, Vusumuzi Sibanda, and Ruramayi Tadu. "Determinants of Investment Decisions: A Study of Individual Investors on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange." Applied Economics and Finance 7, no. 5 (September 9, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v7i5.4927.

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This study investigated factors that inform individual investors in their decision-making on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange. The main objective was to identify and assess the effect of the behavioural factors on investment decisions of individual investors. A quantitative survey of 291 randomly selected individual Zimbabwe Stock Exchange investors was conducted. Multiple regression analysis was used to calculate the correlation coefficient of behavioural factors and investment decision while correlation analysis was used to measure the strength of the relationship between the independent variables. The findings of the study established that the predictor variables had a strong positive association between them and individual investor decision at a significant level of 0.01 and 0.005. The findings of the study revealed that individual investor decisions are influenced by the behavioural factors which are; anchoring, availability, gambler’s fallacy, overconfidence, herding, loss aversion, mental accounting, regret aversion and representativeness. The study recommends the need for improved information on the stock markets dynamics as well as training on investor awareness programmes to support the decision-making abilities of the individual investors on the ZSE to fully play its rightful role in the development of the economy.

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Sibanda, Vusumuzi, Imelda Sekai Shoko, and Ruramayi Tadu. "Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility to Companies During Turbulent Economic Times: A Survey of Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Listed Companies." Business and Management Studies 7, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v7i2.4924.

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has remained topical and contentious as various schools of thought are put forward on its relationship to cost versus profitability for businesses. This study explored the relevance of CSR and its effect on the survival of businesses during an economic meltdown in Zimbabwe. The study purposively sampled 31 companies that are listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange and have sound CSR programmes. A total of 93 questionnaires were administered and a Chi-square was conducted to test and establish the relationship between CSR strategies and business survival. The study concluded that companies with CSR strategies had a higher chance of surviving during turbulent times. Following the findings of the study, it is recommended that government comes up with CSR policies for different industries and that organisations continue investing in CSR especially in times of economic challenges.

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Tebele, Ntando, and Guy H. Palmer. "Crossprotective immunity between the Florida and a Zimbabwe stock ofAnaplasma marginale." Tropical Animal Health and Production 23, no. 4 (December 1991): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02357100.

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Magweva, R., and Justine Mbudaya. "Inflation hegding and listed stock in Zimbabwe - a non-linear approach." African Journal of Business and Economic Research 16, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/1750-4562/2021/v16n1a5.

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33

Chiwanza, Washington, Walter Gachira, Dingilizwe Nkomo, and Runesu Chikore. "Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (“ZSE”)’s Exposure to Global Crude Oil Price Volatility." British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade 6, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjemt/2015/12544.

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Mangena, Musa, and Venancio Tauringana. "Disclosure, Corporate Governance and Foreign Share Ownership on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange." Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting 18, no. 2 (June 2007): 53–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-646x.2007.01008.x.

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Jiri, Obert, and Paramu L. Mafongoya. "Partial Nutrient Balances in Tropical Velvet Bean-Maize System in Zimbabwe." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n1p133.

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In a field experiment on legume-maize cropping sequence, the effect of nitrogen and phosphate fertiliser application on nutrient budgeting after a two year cropping cycle was studied. The results of this work showed that partial nutrient balances can give an indication about the sustainability of a system unless a full stock of all the nutrients is known. It is also clear from these results that there would unlikely be a carryover of N to the next season, probably due to leaching of N from the top soil. Positive partial P balances would, on the other hand, be of residual value. However, it should be noted that the positive partial P balances were only observed where maize yield was low. The long-term perspectives of a crop production system cannot be assessed solely on the basis of partial nutrient balances. The nutrient stock: balance ratio may be a better indicator of sustainability, giving a more accurate indication of how long farming can continue in the same way, given the available nutrients. These points towards taking a fresh look at the existing recommended application rates for maize crops.

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Khumalo, Reinford. "Decision-making structures for successful management in Zimbabwe." South African Journal of Business Management 30, no. 1 (March 31, 1999): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v30i1.751.

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This article discusses one of the management attributes discovered about Zimbabwe's most successful companies - decision-making structures. Seven most successful companies from among those quoted on the Zimbawean Stock Exchange (ZSE) were selected in terms of financial and macroeconomic criteria in their industrial categories. The research for attributes was mainly qualitative - consisting of interviews of chief executives, departmental managers, skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled employees of the companies. The interviewees were also asked to complete a quantitative instrument, a semantic differential. Data from the interviews were content analysed. The findings showed that these companies have both centralised and decentralised decision-making structures that are in strata. The strata consist of those decisions that concern policy matters and are made at top management level and those at middle management level that take into account the input of the employees. This attribute has had some influence in the success of these companies and could thus contribute to the success of other less successful companies with a socio-economic situation similar to that of Zimbabwe's, the host country in which the study was conducted.

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Mazviona, Batsirai. "Risk and Concentration of Portfolios on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange after Currency Reform." British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade 4, no. 8 (January 10, 2014): 1191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjemt/2014/8684.

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Pindiriri, Carren. "Taking Stock of the Impact of Sanctions on Livelihoods and Poverty in Zimbabwe." Defence and Peace Economics 31, no. 8 (September 4, 2019): 1006–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2019.1661177.

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Sunde, Tafirenyika, and James Zivanomoyo. "The Random Walk Hypothesis for the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange: January 1998-November 2006." Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2008.216.221.

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Chisasa, Joseph. "Survival strategies for SMEs in hyperinflationary environments: Lessons from SMEs in Harare central business district." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 4 (2013): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i4c1art1.

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Lack of credit led to the failure of many Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe from 2005 to 2009 when inflation peaked at 231 million percent. The article attempted to determine how SMEs survived during this period. Survey data collected from 120 SMEs in Harare was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results show that SMEs encountering credit constraints use illegal strategies such as hoarding of stock and converting cash sales to stable currencies in the black market. The article demonstrates that policy makers should create a stable operating environment in order to benefit from SME participation in the economy.

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Bishop, R. P., P. R. Spooner, G. K. Kanhai, J. Kiarie, A. A. Latif, T. Hove, S. Masaka, and T. T. Dolan. "Molecular characterization of Theileria parasites: application to the epidemiology of theileriosis in Zimbabwe." Parasitology 109, no. 5 (December 1994): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000076459.

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Forty Theileria schizont-infected lymphocyte culture isolates from Zimbabwe were characterized using a panel of antischizont monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and 4 Theileria parva DNA probes containing cloned extrachromosomal element, Tpr repetitive, ribosomal and telomeric sequences. The Theileria isolates were assigned as T. parva or T. taurotragi on the basis of reactivities with MAbs and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected using the extra chromosomal element probe. Cattle-derived T. parva isolates were relatively homogeneous on the basis of reactivities with MAbs and RFLPs detected using Tpr repetitive and ribosomal DNA probes. In contrast to previous results from Kenya, most of the cattle-derived isolates from Zimbabwe exhibited very similar Tpr restriction fragment patterns, although the Tpr genotypes of buffalo-derived isolates were heterogeneous. This suggests that selection for a particular Tpr genotype may be occurring in cattle. Many isolates with similar Tpr genotypes were differentiated by RFLPs detected using the telomeric DNA probe. The T. parva Boleni immunizing stock was distinguished from all other isolates by telomeric RFLPs. The T. parva Boleni Tpr repetitive DNA probe cross-hybridized with T. taurotragi DNA and detected RFLPs between different T. taurotragi isolates.

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Huang, Flora, and Horace Yeung. "Law–Finance–Growth Nexus in the Context of Africa." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 513–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0028.

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Abstract This article seeks to put the law–finance–growth nexus into the context of Africa. As of 2017, the African Securities Exchanges Association has 27 securities exchanges as full members. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange is the most developed of all, especially with respect to its market capitalization. Its socio-legal proximity with the English system may provide a good explanation to its phenomenal growth relative to the rest in the region. However, such a socio-legal proximity is indeed shared by a number of other former British colonies such as Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Law alone may not account for the rise of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Furthermore, this article seeks to argue whether there is a genuine need for the African countries to have a stock market, which requires highly evolved legal, market and governmental institutions and norms that often do not pre-exist in these countries. On the one hand, the article will look at Africa in general. On the other hand, it will put certain discussions into the context of selected African countries.

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Okeahalam, CC. "A test of the differential information hypothesis on the Botswana and the Zimbabwe Stock Exchanges." Investment Analysts Journal 28, no. 49 (January 1999): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10293523.1999.11082394.

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Owusu-Ansah, Stephen. "Timeliness of corporate financial reporting in emerging capital markets: empirical evidence from the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange." Accounting and Business Research 30, no. 3 (June 2000): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2000.9728939.

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Rodgers, Kunaka Taurayi, and Chavunduka M. Desderio. "Towards effective inventory management of health commodities at service delivery points: A case of health personnel in Shamva District, Zimbabwe." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 5 (June 3, 2020): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.85.8235.

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Despite much effort at improving availability of health commodities, stock-outs and expiries are still commonplace at service delivery centres. The success of any inventory management programme relies on the people undertaking it and there seems to be a missing link in the supply chain that could be related to the people tasked with inventory management at service delivery points. The study thus sought to assess whether the personnel’s knowledge, attitude, perceptions and practices are the missing link resulting in stock-outs and expires. The study employed a mixed method approach wherein quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were employed. The data collected sought to explore various aspects of the personnel including the training facility regarding inventory management, personal attitudes and, perceptions and practices towards certain inventory management aspects. Clearly it was found that personnel knowledge levels were very low, attitudes and perceptions veer in the negative whilst practices are not up to standard. This correlated to the availability of drugs and commodities at service delivery points.

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46

Waweru, Nelson. "Business ethics disclosure and corporate governance in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 28, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-07-2019-0091.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between business ethics practices disclosure and corporate governance characteristics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Design/methodology/approach The study uses multiple regression to investigate the association between business ethics disclosure (BED) and corporate governance characteristics in SAA. The study sample is based on 573 non-financial corporations listed on the national stock exchanges of Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Zimbabwe as of 31 December 2015. Findings The findings show that corporate governance characteristics (including the proportion of government ownership, board independence and board gender diversity) are positively and significantly related to BED. Originality/value The study contributes to the limited literature by analyzing the relationship between BED practices and corporate governance characteristics in the sub-Sahara African context, which is significantly different from the Anglo-Saxon world.

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Maposa, Lifa, and Francis Mulenga Muma. "The Impact of Financial Development on Economic Growth in Zimbabwe: Comparative Analysis of Stock Markets and Commercial Banks." OALib 04, no. 08 (2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103808.

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Mbulawa, Strike, Francis Nathan Okurut, Mogale Ntsosa, and Narain Sinha. "Dynamics of Corporate Dividend Policy under Hyperinflation and Dollarization: A Quantile Regression Approach." International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research 13, no. 3 (2020): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.133.06.

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Purpose: Zimbabwe experienced hyperinflation (2000-2008) followed by dollarization from 2009 onwards which had implications on dividend policy. In this context, this study isolates the main determinants and examines their behaviour across the distribution of dividend policy. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs quantile regression analysis and a sample of 30 firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE), covering the period 2000 to 2016. The fixed effects (FE) analysis is applied as a base model. Finding(s): The most robust determinants are ownership structure, earnings per share (EPS) and taxation. In our context, results are more informative, than those based on FE analysis by showing the change in the impact of each explanatory variable across the distribution. EPS has a positive and significant impact on dividend policy throughout the distribution in both sample periods. Its effect increases in magnitude as firms move from low to high quantiles. The other variables are useful in explaining dividend policy at selected points of the distribution. Thus, there is clear heterogeneity in the determinants of dividend policy. Research limitations/implications: The study shows the importance of developing dividend policy by focusing on the position of the firm on the distribution. Dividend policy should be developed in view of the earnings potential of the firm, ownership concentration and perceived changes in fiscal policy. A well-designed policy should have a differentiated approach to influencing corporate dividends. Originality/value: This study enhances our understanding of dividend policy in unique markets. It confirms the applicability of dividend relevance theories. Furthermore, It shows that quantile analysis provides more reliable estimates than those obtained using standard panel data models.

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Mukaratirwa, S., Z. M. Cindzi, and D. B. Maononga. "Prevalence of Libyostrongylus douglassii in commercially reared ostriches in the highveld region of Zimbabwe." Journal of Helminthology 78, no. 4 (December 2004): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2004246.

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AbstractA total of 435 freshly dropped faecal samples were collected from 11 randomly selected ostrich farms during September and November 2002 to determine the prevalence of Libyostrongylus douglassii (ostrich wireworm) in the highveld region of Zimbabwe. Samples, which consisted of 339 samples from breeder birds and 96 samples from pre-slaughter grower birds were screened for nematode eggs using the modified McMaster technique before being individually cultured in an incubator at 28°C. Cultures were examined for the presence of L. douglassii third stage larvae (L3). Using faecal egg counts, eight of 11 farms (72.7%) were positive for L. douglassii in breeders but no eggs were detected in the growers. The faecal culture method detected wireworm larvae in the breeding stock of all farms that were surveyed (100%) and five of the eight farms (62.5%) which had grower birds. Libyostrongylus douglassii was detected in all farms (100%) based on the faecal culture method. Libyostrongylus douglassii was detected for the first time in 7 of 11 farms (64%) surveyed. Data from questionnaires designed to assess farm management practices showed that four out of seven (57.1%) of the ostrich producers were unaware of the importance of wireworms in ostriches. The farms did not have a regular deworming programme for their birds and no faecal samples were sent routinely to the veterinary laboratory for screening of wireworms. Wireworm infections were not taken into consideration by farmers during buying and selling of birds.

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Makuwerere Dube, Langton. "Race, Entitlement, and Belonging: A Discursive Analysis of the Political Economy of Land in Zimbabwe." Journal of Black Studies 52, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 24–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934720946448.

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The access, control, and ownership of land and the means of production is an enduring frontier of conflict in post colonial settler states. Whilst racially tinged, colonialism created “structures of feeling” that sanctioned epistemic violence and created an economy of entitlement and belonging that sustained imperial designs. Zimbabwe’s independence meant the redistribution and proprietorship of land became a central leitmotif of cadastral politics. The article explores the interplay of the contested tropes of race, entitlement, and indigeneity as they informed the highly polarized land redistribution discourse. The discussion takes stock of the dominant narratives of post-colonial state predations, patronage, populism, and megalomania in contradistinction to the various ways in which whiteness and its prejudices and stereotypes nurtured some hubris of entitlement and belonging that retrogressively not only perpetuated colonial settler values and identities but also entrenched racial distance and indifference. The polarized contestations on land redistribution discourse coalesce around concepts such as restitution, indigeneity, nativity, patriotism, race, and class. Therefore while critiquing state excesses that have masked the honorable intentions of land redistribution, the article underscores the complex ways in which white Zimbabweans contributed to the enduring crisis by obdurately fixating their energies on colonial settler entitlements, values, and identities.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Stocks – Zimbabwe'

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