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Journal articles on the topic 'Stoichiometric composition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Pavlenko, Vitaly, John Smedley, Alexander Scheinker, et al. "Stoichiometry control and automated growth of alkali antimonide photocathode films by molecular beam deposition." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 9 (2022): 091901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080948.

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We report on a method of photoemissive film growth that controls stoichiometry in real time. We show that stoichiometry control using a feedback loop is possible because (a) photoemissive properties exhibit a distinct dependence on the stoichiometric composition and (b) stoichiometric composition strongly depends on the ratio of the incident fluxes. The reported results were obtained on Cs3Sb but are expected to be relevant to other alkali antimonides and tellurides.

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2

Garlisi, Corrado, Petru Lunca Popa, Kevin Menguelti та ін. "Widely Tuneable Composition and Crystallinity of Graded Na1+xTaO3±δ Thin Films Fabricated by Chemical Beam Vapor Deposition". Nanomaterials 12, № 6 (2022): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12061012.

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Combinatorial approach has been widely recognized as a powerful strategy to develop new-higher performance materials and shed the light on the stoichiometry-dependent properties of known systems. Herein, we take advantage of the unique features of chemical beam vapor deposition to fabricate compositionally graded Na1+xTaO3±δ thin films with −0.6 < x < 0.5. Such a varied composition was enabled by the ability of the employed technique to deliver and combine an extensive range of precursors flows over the same deposition area. The film growth occurred in a complex process, where precursor

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3

JIA, Q. X., D. REN, and W. A. ANDERSON. "REPRODUCIBLE TECHNIQUE FOR DEPOSITION OF Y–Ba–Cu–O THIN FILM FROM RF SPUTTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 03, no. 05 (1989): 743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979289000555.

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The composition of Y–Ba–Cu–O thin films deposited by RF sputtering was found to depend strongly on the substrate location and accumulated sputtering time, if a stoichiometric compound target was used. The film is seriously off-stoichiometric, with Ba being deficient, and Cu and Y in excess not only for the centered substrate, but also for the off-centered substrate. However, after prolonged sputtering, stable conditions can be obtained and a right film composition achieved for the off-centered substrate. A more powerful technique for obtaining stoichiometry in as-deposited thin films can be re

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4

Cimmelli, Vito Antonio. "Thermodynamics of Composition Graded Thermoelastic Solids." Entropy 25, no. 7 (2023): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25071084.

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We propose a thermodynamic model describing the thermoelastic behavior of composition graded materials. The compatibility of the model with the second law of thermodynamics is explored by applying a generalized Coleman–Noll procedure. For the material at hand, the specific entropy and the stress tensor may depend on the gradient of the unknown fields, resulting in a very general theory. We calculate the speeds of coupled first- and second-sound pulses, propagating either trough nonequilibrium or equilibrium states. We characterize several different types of perturbations depending on the value

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Komorita, Katsuya, Yu-ki Taninouchi, and Hiroaki Nakano. "Oxidative Dissolution Behavior of Synthetic Chalcopyrite with Non-Stoichiometric Compositions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 67 (2024): 4575. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02674575mtgabs.

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Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is the most important Cu mineral, accounting for 70% of copper reserves in the world. Cu metal is primarily produced from chalcopyrite-containing ores by an extraction process involving flotation, pyrometallurgy, and electrorefining. Owing to the ongoing depletion of high-grade ores, hydrometallurgical processes involving copper leaching from chalcopyrite-containing ores using acidic ferric sulfate solutions have been intensively studied. However, efficient copper leaching remains a challenge, and the details of the dissolution mechanism of chalcopyrite in natural resourc

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Potekaev, A. I., A. A. Chaplyginа, M. D. Starostenkov, A. A. Klopotov, and V. V. Kulagina. "Structural and Energy Characteristics of NiAl Alloys with Deviations from Stoichiometric Composition. Part 2." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 4(114) (September 9, 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)4-06.

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The analysis of the atomic and phase structure confirmed the difference between the structural-phase states at the heating and cooling stages. Based on the analysis of the influence of the deviation of the atomic composition from the stoichiometric condition of the intermetallic compound during cooling, it is established that the deviation is a significant factor in the area of low-stability pre-transitional structural-phase states before the transformation. The behavior of the long-range parameter temperature dependence curves during the cooling of alloys of non-stoichiometric compositions di

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KAVITHA, B., and M. DHANAM. "EDAX SPECTRA AS A TOOL TO EVALUATE STRUCTURAL, COMPOSITIONAL AND ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS." Surface Review and Letters 19, no. 03 (2012): 1250026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x12500266.

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Near-stoichiometric and stoichiometric Cu(InAl)Se2 (CIAS) thin films have been prepared by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) onto well-cleaned substrates. energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) spectra of the prepared thin films enabled to determine the film composition, stoichiometry nature, type of conductivity, lattice constants, volume of the unit cell and density of CIAS thin films. The estimated compositional, structural and electrical parameters are presented and discussed in this paper in detail.

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8

Lukoyanov, Alexey V., Elena I. Shreder, and Vyacheslav V. Marchenkov. "Electronic Structure of the Non-Stoichiometric <i>L</i>2<sub>1</sub>-Type Mn<sub>1.75</sub>Co<sub>1.25</sub>Al Heusler Alloy." Materials Science Forum 1093 (July 21, 2023): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ej1mdu.

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Theoretical ab initio calculations of the electronic structure were performed for the non-stoichiometric Mn1.75Co1.25Al Heusler alloy and compared with the electronic structure of the stoichiometric Mn2CoAl full Heusler alloy. Both compounds are assumed to have the L21-type crystal structure in the calculations, the non-stoichiometry is taken into account as a substitution of a Mn atom in a supercell. The calculation for the non-stoichiometric composition of Mn1.75Co1.25Al showed that taking non-stoichiometry into account leads to a decrease of the total magnetic moment. In comparison with the

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9

Ling, H. C., A. M. Jackson, M. F. Yan, and W. W. Rhodes. "Effect of PbO evaporation on the composition and dielectric properties of PbO-MgO-Nb2O5 based dielectrics." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 3 (1990): 629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.0629.

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We have studied the weight loss during sintering and the resulting phase constituents and dielectric properties of a series of compositions in the lead-rich region of the PbO:MgO:Nb2O5 phase diagram near the stoichiometric composition of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN). While a ternary system of PbTiO3–Pb(CO1/3Nb2/3)O3–PMN was used, only the PMN component was varied in composition. The observed weight loss was ascribed to PbO evaporation from the nonstoichiometric PMN component. It was found that the sintered PMN compositions at about 1000°C correspond to the stoichiometric composition with varying amo

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10

Elser, James J. "Biological stoichiometry: a theoretical framework connecting ecosystem ecology, evolution, and biochemistry for application in astrobiology." International Journal of Astrobiology 2, no. 3 (2003): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550403001563.

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Astrobiology is an extremely wide-ranging field and thus is in special need of conceptual and theoretical frameworks that can integrate its various arenas of study. In this paper I review recent work associated with a conceptual framework known as ‘ecological stoichiometry’ and even more recent extensions in the development of ‘biological stoichiometry’. Ecological stoichiometry is the study of the balance of energy and multiple chemical elements in ecological interactions and has developed rapidly in the study of nutrient cycling and energy flow in aquatic food webs. It identifies the element

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11

Gražulis, Saulius, Andrius Merkys, Antanas Vaitkus, and Mykolas Okulič-Kazarinas. "Computing stoichiometric molecular composition from crystal structures." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 1 (2015): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576714025904.

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Crystallographic investigations deliver high-accuracy information about positions of atoms in crystal unit cells. For chemists, however, the structure of a molecule is most often of interest. The structure must thus be reconstructed from crystallographic files using symmetry information and chemical properties of atoms. Most existing algorithms faithfully reconstruct separate molecules but not the overall stoichiometry of the complex present in a crystal. Here, an algorithm that can reconstruct stoichiometrically correct multimolecular ensembles is described. This algorithm uses only the cryst

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12

Paulmier, A., I. Kriest, and A. Oschlies. "Stoichiometries of remineralisation and denitrification in global biogeochemical ocean models." Biogeosciences Discussions 6, no. 1 (2009): 2539–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-2539-2009.

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Abstract. Since the seminal paper of Redfield (1934), constant stoichiometric elemental ratios linking biotic carbon and nutrient fluxes are often assumed in marine biogeochemistry, and especially in coupled biogeochemical circulation models to link the global oxygen, carbon and nutrient cycles. However, when looking in more detail, some deviations from the classical Redfield stoichiometry have been reported, in particular with respect to remineralization of organic matter changing with depth or with ambient oxygen levels. We here compare the assumptions about the stoichiometry of organic matt

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Paulmier, A., I. Kriest, and A. Oschlies. "Stoichiometries of remineralisation and denitrification in global biogeochemical ocean models." Biogeosciences 6, no. 5 (2009): 923–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-923-2009.

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Abstract. Since the seminal paper of Redfield (1934), constant stoichiometric elemental ratios linking biotic carbon and nutrient fluxes are often assumed in marine biogeochemistry, and especially in coupled biogeochemical circulation models, to couple the global oxygen, carbon and nutrient cycles. However, when looking in more detail, some deviations from the classical Redfield stoichiometry have been reported, in particular with respect to remineralization of organic matter changing with depth or with ambient oxygen levels. We here compare the assumptions about the stoichiometry of organic m

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14

Nikova, Marina S., Dmitry S. Vakalov, Vitaly A. Tarala, Irina S. Chikulina, Fedor F. Malyavin, and Mikhail G. Ambarcumov. "X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of YSAG:Yb Ceramic Powders with Different Stoichiometry." Solid State Phenomena 310 (September 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.310.1.

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Synthesis of YSAG:Yb ceramic powders with different stoichiometry by chemical precipitation method was carried out. It has been established that scandium can replace both dodecahedral and octahedral positions of garnet. It is shown that scandium is embedded in those positions that become available to it when the YAG:Yb composition deviates from stoichiometric. Thus, scandium can compensate for the lack of one of the components of the oxide composition Y2O3, Yb2O3, and Al2O3 during the formation of the garnet phase.

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15

Titov, R., M. Smirnov, N. Sidorov, M. Palatnikov, A. Krylov, and A. Vtyurin. "STRUCTURAL UNIFORMITY OF BORON-CONTAINING LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL." Transaction Kola Science Centre 15, no. 1 (2024): 395–402. https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2024.15.1.065.

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The structural uniformity of a single-crystal LiNbO3:B (0.83 mol. % B2O3 in the charge) boule was studied by Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence. It was found that LiNbO3:B (1 and 2) parallelepipeds cutting from different parts of a boron-containing boule had stoichiometry, close to 1. The presence of polaron luminescence in the near-IR region of the spectrum confirms the difference in the composition of the LiNbO3:B (2) crystal from the strictly stoichiometric composition.

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16

I.G., Solórzano, Kotani T., Tuller H.L., and Van der Sande J.B. "Electron Microscopy Study of Stoichiometric and Non-Stoichiometric Titania." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 669–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600010230.

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It is currently well recognized that oxides are able to accommodate deviations from stoichiometry (1) and great advances in this understanding have been achieved by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particularly through lattice imaging and electron diffraction techniques (2). The physical properties of non-stoichiometric oxides are strongly influenced by their exact composition and for this reason they represent a class of materials with increasing and novel properties that are put to use in, for example, oxygen sensors and high-Tc superconductors. On the other hand, in electrocera

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17

Garzon-Fontecha, Angélica, Harvi Castillo, Daniel Escobar-Rincón, Elisabeth Restrepo-Parra, and Wencel de la Cruz. "Correlation Between Stoichiometry of NbxNy Coatings Produced by DC Magnetron Sputtering with Electrical Conductivity and the Hall Coefficient." Coatings 9, no. 3 (2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030196.

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Non-stoichiometric NbxNy coatings, produced in a reactive sputtering process, were analyzed on the basis of their chemical composition (specifically, nitrogen concentration) and its relationship with electrical conductivity. The chemical composition and bonding configuration were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), revealing Nb–N bonds. The stoichiometry variation dependence on the N2 flow was also analyzed, using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Without exposing the samples to air, a normal behavior was observed; meaning that the nitrogen concentration in the coatings inc

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18

Dey, Shoroshi, Abhijit Das Sharma, Sandip Bysakh, Biswarup Satpati, and Jayanta Mukhopadhyay. "Multicomponent Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting (MIEC) Air Electrodes and Their Heterointerface for Effective Application in Reversible Solid Oxide Cell (R-SOC): Efficacy of Stoichiometric and Off-Stoichiometric Compositions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (2023): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154191mtgabs.

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Reversible solid oxide cell (R-SOC) has triggered research interest from the past few years for its reversible applicability for power-to-fuel (P2F) in electrolyser cell (SOEC) to generate hydrogen by splitting of high temperature steam and fuel-to-power (F2P) in fuel cell (SOFC) mode of operation to produce power by oxidation of fuel with >80% conversion efficiency [1]. Primarily, R-SOC consists of a dense electrolyte conventionally yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), bridged between two porous electrodes, e.g., strontium doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) as air electrode and Nickel (Ni)-YSZ c

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19

Sokolovskiy, Vladimir V., Yuliya A. Sokolovskaya, Mikhail A. Zagrebin, Vasiliy D. Buchelnikov, and Alexey T. Zayak. "Ternary Diagrams of Ni-Mn-Ga from First Principles." Materials Science Forum 845 (March 2016): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.845.130.

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The composition dependences of the magnetic and elastic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga Heusleralloys are investigated by using ab initio calculations. The off-stoichiometric compositions are real-ized by the coherent-potential approximation. Two types of off-stoichiometric approaches are pro-posed. Through a series of researches, the equilibrium lattice constants, bulk modulus, magnetic mo-ments, formation energies of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys are obtained and mapped onto ternary diagrams.

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20

Pham, Thi Huyen Tram, Fabien Paumier, Eric Le Bourhis, and Philippe Goudeau. "Relationship between Nitrogen Content and Mechanical Properties in Al_1-xCr_xN_y Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 761 (July 2013): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.761.165.

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To get further insight into Nitrogen stoichiometry influence which is of utmost importance since it influences the phase structure and consequently the mechanical properties of the AlCrN coatings, we carried out a systematically study of AlCrN coatings comprising coatings production, mechanical properties survey, and composition and phase structure characterizations. Al1-xCrxNythin films have been synthesized by two physical vapour deposition - PVD systems: ion- beam (IBS) and magnetron sputtering (MS). Composition of the coatings was studied by both Energy Dispersive X- ray Spectrometer (EDXS

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21

Stergioudi, Fani, Georgios Skordaris, Maria Pappa, et al. "Influence of Copper Stoichiometric Composition and Compaction Method on Mechanical Properties of CuxSe Thermoelectric Materials." Metals 15, no. 6 (2025): 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15060640.

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This study investigates the structural and mechanical properties of Cu–Se-based thermoelectric materials with varying Cu:Se stoichiometries (1.8, 1.9, and 2.0). Phase composition was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing a transition from a mixed α/β-phase in Cu:Se = 2.0 to a fully cubic β-phase Cu2−xSe in Cu:Se = 1.8. Crystallite size analysis showed a reduction with increasing Cu content, which strongly influenced mechanical behavior. Vickers microhardness and nanoindentation tests were employed to assess hardness, elastic modulus, and elastic recovery. The Cu:Se = 2.0 sample exh

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22

Bai, Jing, Jiang Long Gu, Yan Bo Li, et al. "First-Principles Investigations on Magnetic Properties in Off-Stoichiometric Ni₂MnIn Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.730.

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Ni-Mn-In is a new type of magnetic shape memory alloy, but in the stoichiometric Ni2MnIn, the martensitic transformation cannot perform. Thus, in order to obtain the appropriate Curie temperature TCand the martensitic transformation temperature TM, the composition adjustment must be carried out around the stoichiometric Ni2MnIn. The process of composition adjustment would induce various point defects. This paper scientifically studies the magnetic properties of off-stoichiometric Ni2MnIn alloys by first-principles calculations.

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23

Telmenbayar, Lkhagvaa, and Jadambaa Temuujin. "Thermal Reactions of Mechanically Milled Wolframite and Thermal Coal Mixtures." Advanced Materials Research 1139 (July 2016): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1139.7.

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The thermal reactions of mechanically milled wolframite and thermal coal mixtures have been investigated using Differential thermal analysis /thermogravimetry (DTA-TG), X-ray dffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mixtures were prepared according to stoichiometry and also with a 30% excess of coal. Samples were milled with a planetary ball mill for 4 h, then heated at 1000°C and 1100°C for 1 h in a tube furnace under Ar gas. Phase identification was performed by XRD and morphology of the milled powders by SEM. A large difference in thermal reactions between stoichiometric and

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24

Pilar González-Vázquez, María, Fernando Rubiera, Covadonga Pevida, Daniel T. Pio, and Luís A. C. Tarelho. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Biomass Gasification Using Aspen Plus: Comparison of Stoichiometric and Non-Stoichiometric Models." Energies 14, no. 1 (2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010189.

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The gasification process involves several reactions that occur simultaneously and are interrelated by several independent variables. Simulation tools can help us to understand the process behaviour and predict the efficiency and final composition of the products. In this work, two thermodynamic equilibrium models developed in Aspen Plus® software were assessed: a non-stoichiometric model based on the feedstock composition and on the most probable compounds expected from the results of the gasification process using minimisation of Gibbs free energy and a stoichiometric model based on a set of

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25

Shen, Lu, Shaoming Ye, Haiyu Liu, Xiangsheng Deng, Peng He, and Fei Cheng. "Linkage between Leaf–Litter–Soil, Microbial Resource Limitation, and Carbon-Use Efficiency in Successive Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Plantations." Forests 14, no. 2 (2023): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020357.

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Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a kind of evergreen coniferous tree species, the expansion of its pure forest area and multiple generations of continuous planting has led to a decline of stand quality and woodland fertility. To further investigate the relationship between leaf, litter, and soil stoichiometry, microbial community status, and microbial resource limitation of Chinese fir after continuous planting. We studied the C, N, and P stoichiometries of leaf, litter, and soil from successive rotations of Chinese fir plantations. In addition to this, soil microbial biomass C, N, and

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Peng, C.-J., and Y.-M. Chiang. "Grain growth in donor-doped SrTiO3." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 6 (1990): 1237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.1237.

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The Nb donor concentration and cation stoichiometry dependence of grain growth in SrTiO3 has been studied. The so-called donor anomaly, where grain growth is enhanced at low donor but suppressed at high donor concentrations, is observed only in nonstoichiometric compositions with an excess of B-site cations. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) observations indicate that this phenomenon is entirely a result of changes in the distribution of residual silicate phases. Exaggerated grain growth at low donor concentrations results from the presence of a continuously wetting grain bounda

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27

Gao, J., T. Volkmann, S. Yang, S. Reutzel, D. M. Herlach, and X. P. Song. "Crystallization of Nd2Fe17Bx from stoichiometric melt composition." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 433, no. 1-2 (2007): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.06.090.

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Arnould, J. P. Y., I. L. Boyd, and A. Clarke. "A simplified method for determining the gross chemical composition of pinniped milk samples." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 2 (1995): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-045.

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Recent studies of lactation in wild mammals have emphasised the need for accurate information on milk composition, requiring the analysis of large numbers of samples. A simplified method for determining milk composition in pinnipeds was assessed using samples collected from Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella). The stoichiometric relationships between elemental C, H, and N in the ash-free dry mass were used to determine the organic composition and energy content of samples. The results were compared with those obtained by conventional biochemical analyses. Stoichiometric estimates of li

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Smirnov, Maxim, Diana Manukovskaya, Nikolay Sidorov, and Mikhail Palatnikov. "Features of the Defect Structure and Luminescence of Nominally Pure Lithium Niobate Crystals Produced Using Different Technologies." Materials 16, no. 1 (2022): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010255.

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We have established that luminescence in lithium niobate crystals both congruent and near-stoichiometric (R≈1) is due to point defects in the cationic sublattice and intraconfigurational transitions in the oxygen-octahedral NbO6 clusters. We have also determined that the main contribution to the luminescence in the visible and near IR regions is made by luminescence centers with the participation of NbLi defects: the NbLi-NbNb bipolaron pair and the NbLi-O defect in a congruent crystal. The minimum intensity of bipolaron luminescence has been observed in stoichiometric crystals obtained using

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Komurcuoglu, Cem, Yunhao Xiao, Xinhao Li, Zheng Li, Alan C. West, and Alexander Urban. "(Invited) Understanding the Impact of the Stoichiometry on Cation-Mixing in Ni-Rich Cathodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 2 (2023): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012706mtgabs.

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Although LiNiO2 is chemically similar to LiCoO2 and offers a nearly identical theoretical capacity, LiNiO2 and related Co-free Ni-rich cathode materials suffer from degradation during electrochemical cycling. Especially the formation of Li/Ni anti-site defects can lead to a reduced cyclability and poor capacity retention. We report evidence that such cation mixing in LiNiO2 is linked to the difficulty of synthesizing the material in its ideal stoichiometric composition. In practice, off-stoichiometries (Li1-xNi1+xO2) can hardly be avoided. We determined the Ni migration mechanism in ideal and

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Guzeev, V. V., T. I. Guzeeva, E. A. Zelichenko, and Ya B. Chubenko. "Change in the composition of solid non-stoichiometric compounds by ion transfer method." PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY 10 (2024): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2024-10-5-12.

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The paper presents results of measuring electron and ion transfer numbers of titanium hydride, carbide and nitride. It is shown that these compounds had mixed electron-ionic (anionic) conductivity. The dependences of the ion transfer number on the non-metal content in titanium carbide and nitride were obtained, and the change of the non-metal content under the influence of an electric field was studied. The non-metal atoms in non-stoichiometric titanium carbide and nitride were located in the octahedral voids of the titanium cubic lattice, forming a non-metal sublattice. Non-stoichiometric tit

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Kokora, Yah Reine Marina. "Stoichiometry of fish-phytoplankton interaction in fish ponds receiving local and industrial feed in the pre-growth phase." International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) 25, no. 6 (2024): 338–45. https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/25.6.338-345.

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The use of agricultural by-products could modify the stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), leading to changes in the composition of phytoplankton and affecting the structure of fish. The aim of this study is to determine the stoichiometry of phytoplankton and fish using industrial and local feeds. Samples of <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> fish and phytoplankton were collected from six pre-growth ponds. Two ponds were treated with feed (industrial and local) and two other ponds that received no feed were considered as controls. C, N and P contents were measured and

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Zhikharev, V. M., and M. S. Pavlovskaya. "The Dependence of Gibbs Energy of Formation of Niobium Mononitride on its Composition and Temperature in the Range of 1773-2023 K." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.139.

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The article demonstrates the applicability of the interaction parameter method for describing the thermodynamic properties of non-stoichiometric niobium nitrides at temperatures of 1773 ± 2023 K. The authors obtained the equation of dependence of the nitride dissociation elasticity on its composition and temperature. They derived the expression for calculating Gibbs energy of formation of nitrides with a set composition, including stoichiometric, in the range of 1773 - 2023 K.

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Balko, Jan, Monika Tatarková, and Peter Tatarko. "Wear Behavior of Stoichiometric and Nonstoichiometric Zirconia." Defect and Diffusion Forum 368 (July 2016): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.368.37.

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Zirconium oxide samples were sintered at two different temperatures (1250°C and 1450°C) using SPS method with maximum holding time 10 min. to obtain nonstoichiometric composition. Some of the samples were subsequently annealed for 6 hours at 1100°C to obtain stoichiometric composition. Wear rate and friction coefficient were obtained from tribological tests carried out on the UMT3 equipment (Bruker) using two different static partners (zirconia and alumina ball). Main aim of this work is to study the influence of composition and sintering temperature on the wear behavior, friction coefficient

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Tsai, A. P., A. Niikura, A. Inoue, and T. Masumoto. "Stoichiometric icosahedral phase in the Zn–Mg–Y system." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 6 (1997): 1468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0202.

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Stoichiometric composition and formation process of the icosahedral phase in the Zn–Mg–Y system have been studied. The icosahedral phase exhibit a stoichiometric composition in the vicinity of Zn60Mg30Y10. During cooling, (Zn, Mg)5Y phase primarily crystallizes from the melt at ∼960 K and then undergoes a peritectic reaction with the residual Mg-enriched melt (∼820 K) to form the icosahedral phase. The melt with a constant composition close to Mg7Zn3 is in equilibrium with the (Zn, Mg)5Y phase above the peritectic temperature in a wide compositional range.

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Malakhov, V. V. "Stoichiography: New Ways Determining Chemical Composition and Real Structure of Materials." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 3, no. 3 (2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj557.

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The principles of stoichiography and novel reference-free methods of molecular and phase analysis for complex unknown mixtures are considered. The stoichiography can be inferred from stoichiometry of mass transfer of unsteady homo- and heterophase processes and joins both operations: separation of mixture by means of chromatography, electromigration, dissolution or others and determination of stoichiometry of a substance flow with time. The stoichiography allows a chemical compound to be determined by its primary property, namely, by stoichiometry of elemental composition. Stoichiograms provid

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Chen, Zixi, Yuya Sakuraba, Yoshio Miura, et al. "Phase stability and half-metallic character of off-stoichiometric Co₂FeGa_0.5Ge_0.5 Heusler alloys." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 18 (2022): 183902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109802.

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We investigate the effects of off-stoichiometric compositional variations from the Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5) (CFGG) full-Heusler alloy on its half-metallic electronic structure. First-principles calculations predict that the Co antisite defects that occupy Fe-sites (CoFe) lead to a finite DOS in the half-metallic gap of CFGG. Fe antisites defects in Co-sites (FeCo) introduced by excessing Fe composition, which could suppress the formation of CoFe, preserves the half-metallic gap but reduces spin polarization because the Fermi level shifts to the lower energy. We found that, in Fe-excess CFGG, Ge-exces

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Novopashin, V. V., L. A. Skvortsov, and M. I. Skvortsova. "STUDY OF MECHANISMS OF LIGHT ABSORPTION IN TITANIUM DIOXIDE FILMS." Fine Chemical Technologies 11, no. 4 (2016): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2016-11-4-50-55.

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This work is devoted to comparison of optical absorption value of titanium dioxide coatings obtained by means of reactive thermal evaporation (RTE) and its activated species (ARTE), as well as to study on the dependence of the absorption coefficient of the coatings on the process parameters. Special attention is paid to the study of the influence of the films nonstoichiometry on absorption in the visible and near-infrared ranges of the spectrum. The results allow concluding that the dominant mechanism responsible for absorption in titanium dioxide films in the near-infrared range of the spectr

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Wu, Chung-Lun, Yung-Hsiang Lin, Chih-Hsien Cheng та ін. "Enriching Si quantum dots in a Si-rich SiNxmatrix for strong χ(3)optical nonlinearity". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, № 7 (2016): 1405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc03329b.

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The optical nonlinearity of dense Si quantum dots doped SiN<sub>x</sub>matrix enhanced by three orders of magnitude larger than that of stoichiometric Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>is demonstratedviadetuning the excessive Si content from stoichiometric composition.

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Han, Xiu-Feng, Qian-Shu Li, Ye Zhang, Jin-Min Li, and Lan-Ying Lin. "Deviation from the stoichiometric composition of single-crystal." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 9, no. 36 (1997): 7617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/9/36/010.

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Mainz, Roland, Ekin Simsek Sanli, Helena Stange, et al. "Annihilation of structural defects in chalcogenide absorber films for high-efficiency solar cells." Energy & Environmental Science 9, no. 5 (2016): 1818–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee00402d.

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OSTROVSKII, VICTORE E. "METAL-OXYGEN-HYDROGEN SOLID SYSTEM OF CONTROLLED COMPOSITION: DIFFERENTIAL HEAT EFFECTS, KINETICS, AND MECHANISMS OF THE CuO → Cu4·OH2 GRADING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 01n02 (2002): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202009433.

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The process of fine-crystal CuO reduction by successive small portions of H 2 was studied through isothermal calorimetric, kinetic, adsorption-desorption, and stoichiometric measurements at 293-520 K and H 2 pressures up to 100 Pa under conditions when equilibrium within the solid was achieved at any instant. The CuO studied was in the form of the component of the CuO-ZnO-Al 2 O 3 system. The stoichiometry of the copper component reduced corresponded to Cu 4· OH 2.

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Shim, Seung Hwan, Naoto Koshizaki, Jong Won Yoon, and Kwang Bo Shim. "Laser-Assisted Synthesis of Amorphous/Pseudoamorphous GaN Thin Films and Nanostructures." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.585.

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Amorphous/pseudoamorphous GaN was prepared by pulsed-laser ablation at room temperature without any heat treatment. The structure and chemical composition of the specimens were systematically investigated. Laser ablation at low Ar pressure (<50Pa) led to deposition of smooth Ga-rich films, which is independent with laser energy. Under same pressures, as laser energy increased, the film stoichiometry changed from Ga-rich to near stoichiometric composition. Varying background Ar pressure strongly affected the product structure showing little effect on the chemical composition. Under higher pr

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Bolesta, I. M., I. N. Rovetskii, S. R. Velgosh, S. V. Rykhlyuk, I. D. Karbovnyk, and N. V. Gloskovskaya. "Morphology and Optical Properties of Nanostructures Formed in Non-Stoichiometric CdI2 Crystals." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 9 (2018): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.9.816.

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The morphology of nanostructures formed in non-stoichiometric CdI2 crystals has been studied, by using the atomic force microscopy methods. Morphological changes are observed, when the concentration of cadmium atoms approaches a non-stoichiometric threshold value of 0.1 mol%. The features in the phase composition of nanostructures are analyzed with the help of Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies. The influence of the researched nanostructures on the optical characteristics of non-stoichiometric CdI2 crystals is analyzed.

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Qin, Haiming, Jun Jiang, Haochuan Jiang, et al. "Effect of composition deviation on the microstructure and luminescence properties of Nd:YAG ceramics." CrystEngComm 16, no. 47 (2014): 10856–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ce01757a.

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Non-stoichiometric compositions lead to microstructures different from that of stoichiometric Nd:YAG. Nanograins of excess Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> remain inside the Nd:YAG grains in Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-excess ceramics, while Y-rich compounds recrystallize at the Nd:YAG grain boundaries in Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-excess ceramics.

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Wright, K. E., and C. Adkins. "Electron probe microanalysis of UO₂ for stoichiometry determination." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1324, no. 1 (2025): 012014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1324/1/012014.

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Abstract Oxygen-metal ratios are important to the study of irradiated nuclear oxide fuel. Critical performance metrics such as thermal conductivity, constituent redistribution, and melting temperature depend on the degree of departure from UO2.00 stoichiometry and in which direction (hyper- or hypo-stoichiometric) the departure has occurred. This study examined three sintered pellets with compositions of UO2.00, UO2.02, UO2.21 and one un-sintered pellet with a composition of UO2.16. When analysed via electron probe microanalysis, Al-coated pellet accuracy ranged from −1.0 % to 19.4 % while Ir-

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Suparmin, Prayudi, Leopold Oscar Nelwan, Sutrisno S. Mardjan, and Nanik Purwanti. "Development Models of Stoichiometric Thermodynamic Equilibrium for Predicting Gas Composition from Biomass Gasification: Correction Factors for Reaction Equilibrium Constants." Applied Sciences 14, no. 13 (2024): 5880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14135880.

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A complex thermochemical process during biomass gasification includes many chemical reactions. Therefore, a stoichiometric model can be applied to predict the composition of the producer gas during gasification. However, the prediction of methane and hydrogen gas is still limited by a significant margin using the present stoichiometric models. The purpose of this research was to develop novel stoichiometric models that account for the reaction equilibrium constant with correction factors. The new models would enable forecasting of the composition of CO, CO2, CH4, H2, N2, tar, lower heating val

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Pei, Cuijin, Jingjing Tan, Yang Li, et al. "Effect of Sb-site nonstoichiometry on the structure and microwave dielectric properties of Li3Mg2Sb1−xO6 ceramics." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 9, no. 5 (2020): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-020-0397-2.

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Abstract The non-stoichiometric Li3Mg2Sb1−xO6 (0.05 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.125) compounds have been prepared via the mixed oxide method. The influences of Sb nonstoichiometry on the sintering behavior, microstructure, phase composition along with microwave dielectric performances for Li3Mg2Sb1−xO6 ceramics were studied. Combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra, it was confirmed that phase composition could not be affected by the Sb nonstoichiometry and almost pure phase Li3Mg2SbO6 was formed in all compositions. Appropriate Sb-deficiency in Li3Mg2SbO6 not only lowered its sintering temperature

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Massarotti, V., M. Bini, and D. Capsoni. "Structural and Defect Study of LiMn2O4 Formation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51, no. 4 (1996): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1996-0406.

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Abstract The LiMn2O4 formation from MnO and Li2CO3 mixtures with lithium cationic fraction 0.31 <̲ x <̲ 0.40 was studied by structural profile refinement from X-ray data, thermal (TGA and DSC) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Quantitative phase analysis, structural and microstructural parameters and composition of the coexisting phases were obtained. Different behaviours were observed in the composition ranges 0.33 <̲ x <̲ 0.35 and x >̲ 0.37. In the former range only the stoichiometric spinel phase was obtained, in the latter, in addition to the

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Brezhnev, Nikolay Y., Michael V. Dorokhin, Alexander Y. Zavrazhnov, Nikolay A. Kolyshkin, Ivan N. Nekrylov, and Vladimir N. Trushin. "High-temperature gallium sesquisulfides and a fragment of the T-x diagram of the Ga – S system with these phases." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 26, no. 2 (2024): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2024.26/11936.

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It is known that phases with disordered stoichiometric vacancies are promising candidates for new materials with outstanding thermoelectric, radiation-resistant, catalytic, and other properties, which can be explained by a large concentration of the so-called stoichiometric vacancies, caused by the fact that their stoichiometry does not correspond to the structural type. It is interesting to search for such compounds in AIII – BVI semiconductor systems, whose sesquichalcogenides (Me2Ch3, Me = Ga, In; Ch = S, Se, Te) are known to have both sphalerite and wurtzite structures and the share of sto

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