Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stoïcisme'
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Haese, Pierre. "Stoïcisme et bouddhisme, une réflexion des origines à nos jours." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML007/document.
Full textStoicism and Buddhism present obvious similarities, especially in spiritual exercise practices. For want of care of an interpretation with categories which are not theirs, Western views on Buddhism often made a nihilist and pessimist philosophy of it. On the other hand, French-speaking academic circles consider that Stoicism irremediably became extinct in the third century. Some of the similarities are doctrinal, as impermanence, interdependence, Logos, and Dharma. Eudemonist, they both offer a path to wisdom by purposing of virtue and rooting out ignorance. Buddhism can be distinguished by its soteriologic dimension, Enlightenment, beyond all conceptual expression. Their ethics are pragmatic, intentionalist, and casuist. Having a remarkable ability to extend, Buddhism is growing in the West according to new forms, as Socially Engaged Buddhism. In the same time, update forms of Stoicism do exist in English-speaking countries. In their update forms, Stoicism and Buddhism show us proposition strengths in front of new challenges of humankind, under convivialist spirit
Péna, Marc. "Le stoïcisme et l'empire romain." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32013.
Full textStoicism allies a highly technical and complex system to a thoroughly identifiable style of life outside any philosophical reference. The result is an opem, non systematic wisdom, without any hermetism, which is rich and fluid and able to live through the vicissitudes of history. It permits us to have a better apprehension of the astonishing plasticity of portico, able to be at the origin of the hellenistic period, then to ? and support a political system corresponding largely to its vision of the word : the roman empire. Lastly it managed to survive this very system and to influence the great doctrine from christianity to modern times, as weel as contemporany political thinking in some respects. Indeed, as a political ideology the contribution of stoicism is certainly to have been able to concerve the whole, a universal monarchy in which all individuals can find a place. As a political moral doctrine, it is to have wanted and to have been able to safeguard the freedom of each of the individual in this whole. Almost officially adopted by rome and its emperors, stoicism went much further. Its notion of the individual resting upon the archetypal sage, its notion of a world that is one and universal, its philosophical notion of the harmony between these two poles : the individual and the universal, gave rise to the cult of an inner god renderer to the core of the individual
D'Jeranian, Olivier. "Responsabilité et engagement dans le stoïcisme." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010538.
Full textThis research studies the Stoic conception of responsibility, informed by the contemporary theme of commitment. Different levels of the discourse - ontological, physical, psychological, moral and political - will also question anew, by their problematic articulation, the unity of the Stoics. Traditionally, their fatalism is summarized by a "compatibilism", insofar as they associate freedom and determinism. This compatibility is at the very principle of the concept of responsibility, which we should understand by how it receives a treatment as unique as equivocal, from its physics to its morals, but also from the Hellenistic to the Imperial stoicism. We will thus wonder about the articulation of the concept of "cause" (αἴτιον) with that of "ἐφ' ἡμῖν" (that which is up to us), concepts that involve the issues of attribution - where it comes to build up human responsibility - and assumption, where it comes to seize it again by performing one's role and duties. Those both sides of responsibility mobilize all the branches of the Stoic system and their organic character. We show that responsibility receives a maximal extension, because its analysis is synthetic. The shift from ontological responsiveness to moral assumption that leads, from Chrysippus to Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius, towards an ethics of the responsibility and a philosophical commitment, which builds on the idea of acceptance and overthrow, will be the focus of our inquiry
Duval, Benoît. "Amor fati : entre stoïcisme et nietzschéisme." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26994.
Full textNaud, Jonathan. "Le stoïcisme impérial et la conversion philosophique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2667.
Full textGingras, Delphine. "L'influence du stoïcisme sur le De Abstinentia de Porphyre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33305.
Full textThe treatise On Abstinence is written by Porphyry in order to convince his friend to return to the practice of vegetarianism, which he recently abandoned. In this text, a series of anti-vegetarian arguments are presented, which the author refutes while defending the relevance of this way of life for the philosopher. Among the opponents, the Stoics have an important place, the third book of the treaty being almost entirely devoted to them. Refuting the anti-vegetarian arguments of the Stoics, Porphyry develops his positions with a vocabulary borrowed to them. In doing so, he gives his treatise a Stoic flavour. This dissertation aims to analyze how the dialogue between Porphyry and the Stoics influences the author of the De abstinentia. The anti-vegetarian argument attributed to the Stoics says that it is impossible to ask of human to spare the life of animals, since they are not rational and, thus, not appropriate (oikeion) to us. Because, in the Stoic‟s theory, justice is rooted in the relations of appropriation between rational beings, we could not say that killing animals to eat their flesh is unjust, or impious, like Porphyry argues. One chapter will be dedicated to each of the terms of this debate: oikeiôsis, justice and reason. These three notions will allow us to further the analysis of the disagreement of Porphyry towards the Stoics and to understand how this neoplatonic philosopher uses the Stoics vocabulary to pursue his own metaphysical goals. We will find that behind the question of vegetarianism lies the more complex theme of the way of life.
Ducreux, Hervé. "La philosophie stoïcienne comme art de vivre." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1PH02.
Full textThe Stoical philosophy is generally understood like a philosophy of resignation ; but facing this common opinion it is necessary to notice that this philosophy is rather an opening to happiness. Even more it leads us to a way of life. However before reaching this lifestyle we have to consider some difficulties due to the system and inherent to the stoic teaching-namely between theory and practice, between the ideal and reality and between the "Sage" and the "Man". This is the reason why stoical art of living must be analysed in the exposure of its own system and in its confrontation with epicurean and sceptical philosophies for instance, then in its confrontation with Christianity which comes to criticize philosophy. But we can notice however that the stoic message persists today, which makes it possible to underline the possibility of this art of living
Benetatou, Marianne. "Le Statut du désir dans le bouddhisme ancien et dans le stoïcisme." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040089.
Full textGADDA, CONTI ILARIA. "Richesse et pauvrete chez seneque : de l' enrichissement materiel a la sagesse stoicienne." Montpellier 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30023.
Full textGourinat, Jean-Baptiste. "La dialectique des stoïciens." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040028.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to determine what the stoics meant by "dialectic". We nowadays usually speak of "stoic logic", as if the stoics had conceived something equivalent to modern formal logic, mainly propositional logic. But under the term "logic", stoics put two disciplines, dialectic and rhetoric. These were, in their view, technics of argumentation, based on the same "logical theory", by which they meant a theory of anything linked with "logos", i. E. Language and reasoning: physiology of soul, grammar, linguistics, and logic in our sense. This determined an analysis of grammatical elements or logical laws quite different from ours. For this very reason, study of stoic dialectic is revelatory of our own prejudices. And it shows us more precisely how logic or grammar in our sense constitutes themselves
Zagdoun, Mary Anne. "Recherches sur la philosophie stoïcienne de l'art." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040083.
Full textThis work on + stoic philosophy of art; aims at reconstructing an aspect of stoicism which is not well known: philosophy of art in its relationship to stoic logic, physics and ethics. Art is a system of comprehensive representations exercised together in order to produce what is useful to life. Art is empirist and generalizes in an empirist manner this type of representations, which are individualistic and changes from person to person. To perceive art is to participate in a deeper sensitive knowledge that partly unveils, with the help of language and reason, a world of signs. Art thus takes part in sensation and reason. The study of physics shows that god is an artist whose work of art is the world and who identifies himself with nature. Cosmic beauty is god's imprint on the world. This theory, which is to be understood in an immanent and monist system, is linked to a realistic type of esthetics: nature has to be artistic to be beautiful. The theory of sympathy establishes a communication between the art of god and the art of men, which looses its religious meaning and becomes a form of amusement. Esthetic pleasure is a passion. This point is understood in a different manner by ancient and middle stoicism. Hence two forms of esthetics. The theory of Diogenes of Babylonia on music seems to anticipate the theories of Posidonius on passions and soul. Art has an effect on soul as is shown by music. Poetry too is useful. For stoics as for Plato, fine arts are useful especially to those who have no inclination for philosophy. Stoics thus invented a system of interpretation consisting in the use of allegory, etymology, etc. Fine arts are thus a path to wisdom, but wisdom abolishes art, because it is in itself the supreme art. This explains why the wise man is the only existing artist. Painting, music, poetry, sculpture and architecture illustrate stoic philosophy during Greek and roman antiquity
Duhot, Jean-Joël. "La conception stoïcienne de la causalité." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040293.
Full textNten-Nlate, Samuel. "Le stoi͏̈cisme ou l'optimisme de la liberté." Lyon 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO31012.
Full textVeillard, Christelle. "Hécaton de Rhodes et la transformation de l'éthique stoïcienne : introduction, texte, traduction, notes et commentaire des fragments et témoignages." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10080.
Full textAndrei, Laurentiu. "Quel soi ? : une réflexion comparative sur l'idée de soi dans le stoïcisme et dans le bouddhisme zen." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20005.
Full textThis study in comparative philosophy offers a hermeneutics of the idea of self. It explores the ascetic dimension of the question “what self?” apparent across the various disciplines of liberation developed by the Stoic and Zen traditions. In its diverse guises, this question is the cornerstone of specific practices of the self within these traditions. As such, its main function is to guide the idea of self, with regard to the polarity self ↔ non-self, in order to achieve the status of the sage, which represents a kind of harmony with an original nature that is common to all individuals. Therefore, rather than simply designating an ontological foundation – real or alleged – the idea of self has the role of a vector, which, depending on its orientation, allows one to actualise (or not) this harmony. Through comparative analysis of the role of negation (detachment) of the self, this study seeks to broaden the spectrum of the processes of subjectification or practices of the self and, thus, to bring to light an aspect that has been somewhat neglected by the Western history of subjectivity. In doing so, this thesis enables better understanding of how the full-bodied (meta)physics of the Stoics is able to think the negation (detachment) of the self and, conversely, of how the Buddhist metaphysics of emptiness can develop an idea of moral subjectivity and responsibility
Proulx, Isabelle. "Folie, douleur et sagesse dans "L'Étranger" d'Albert Camus pour une lecture stoïcienne du bonheur de Meursault." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5671.
Full textCastellan, Arielle. "Étude comparée de la notion de personne dans la philosophie stoïcienne et dans la philosophie contemporaine." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0032.
Full textMy purpose in this work is to suggest a new approach of the notion of person in order to solve some of the problems that seem quite endless in contemporary studies. In order to do so, I made an exam of some of the most powerful contemporary texts on personal identity to illustrate the problems that remain. I suggested then to go back to the origin of the notion through a study of the person in stoic philosophy. As a result of the confrontation between these two different ways of thinking, I tried to point out that it is possible to think the person without the concept of identity. Which means that: 1. The concept of personal identity might be the “faulty” one. 2. We can think the person even if we’re not able to define the subject
Pià, Comella Jordi. "Philosophie et religion dans le stoïcisme impérial romain. Étude de quelques cas : Cornutus, Perse, Epictète et Marc-Aurèle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040255.
Full textHow can the stoics reconcile the research of rational piety based on moral perfection with the legitimization of the ritualism and traditional representation of pagan gods? After studying the constant oscillation between the legitimization and condemnation of traditional rites in ancient stoicism, we demonstrate that the roman stoics, Cornutus, Persius, Epictectus and Marcus Aurelius, address the same question, but with two essential specifics : adapting it to the political-religious context of Imperial Rome and paying particular attention to their readers as to the pedagogic strategist to grant its moral conversion
Carabin, Denise. "Les idées stoi͏̈ciennes dans la littérature morale de la fin du XVIe siècle au début du XVIIe (1575-1642)." Paris 3, 1999. https://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/garnier?filename=DcaMS01.
Full textStoic ideas in late sixteenth-early seventeeth century moral literature regurlaly nourished as it is by the practice of intertextuality, through translations and commentaries, neo-stoicism, which springs from social crisies, comes to light in the milieu of the bourgeois, lawyers, members of parliament and statesmen. They all turn to seneca and epictetus for arguments, ways of living and thinking, so as to make their fellow-citizens forget sociaty's problems, and to restore royalist order. In its threefold, moral, logical and physical project, neo-stoicism causes the concept of religion to go through major dissociations : through its philosophical theology which rationalizes christianism, through the submission of civil religion to political success, through the reduction of religious sentiment to the virtuous piety of the + preud'homme ; following nature, it undermines ecclesiastical power, by putting the wise man's conscience above that of men. It works inside christianism to soften narrow-minded augutinism and the dogma of its doctors. The sage, who is drawn to tranquillity, eclectism and methodical doubt, turns to intellectual research by way of erudition and the study of nature which leads him to god. These trends are not exclusive of inner forces such as the protestants'mistrust of neo-stoic caution, their belief that men are vain, and the sceptics' refusal to get involved in public matters
Mathonat, Bénédicte. "Les principes de la formation morale dans la tradition judéo-chrétienne et la philosophie grecque Platon, Aristote, le stoïcisme." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040071.
Full textRivière, Françoise. "La semeiologie dans le système stoi͏̈cien." Lyon 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO31012.
Full textSemeiology in the stoic system propounds the sign as a key in order to understand the stoic doctrine. The study is almost exclusively founded on statements of stoics themselves, particularly the first stoics and the roman stoics. The "whole mixing theory" directs the analysis towords different "places" of the system : logic, physics and ethics. The sign appears as the permanent manifestation of the vital principle in the world. It especially offers the advantage to produce the bond wich joins the different parts of the whole, phenomenous, events, beings. But its apprehension sometimes does sums although its reality is a data, because it is men's duty to make a correct use of it. Now if the existence of the sign is uncontested, it is sometimes lost for these whocan't succed in seizing it. At the term of punctual analysis about dialectics of propositions about divination and about suicide, the sign comes to ethical perspective and places stoicism in mind of the world as a continuity
Laurand, Valéry. "Stoi͏̈cisme et lien social à l'époque impériale : enquête autour de l'enseignement de Musonius Rufus." Paris 12, 2002. https://acces.bibliotheque-diderot.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.15122/isbn.978-2-8124-1784-9.
Full textMusonius affords a exceptional view on Stoic political philosophy in a historical context in which the notion of participation in political life has been re-thought. Under the direction of the master, the individual, protected from a corrupt and corrupting society, assimilates the principles of virtue and reestablishes an ascetic connection with oikeiôsis, that fundamental impulse conferred by nature and which makes it possible for him to realize his nature and become a sociable God. Oikeiôsis can be interpreted as a process which leads to this result by extending to others that relation which a man entertains with himself Marriage constitutes an essential moment in this process since this relationship figures with Musonius as the model and matrix for any relationship whatsoever, as basic to the foundation of the little city as of that cosmic city which it prefigures. The action of the sage aims at just such a harmony, by integrating each with the other, civil and natural law
Prōtopapá-Marnélī, María. "La rhétorique des stoïciens." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040018.
Full textThis research is divided into three parts, 1st part: justification of the particular place that rhetoric holds in stoic philosophy, namely, the reasons for which the stoics regard rhetoric together with dialectic, as part of logic. Then the worth of voice and lecta (speaking techniques) are emphasized and at the same time, the difference between rhetoric and dialectic is clearly formulated. 2nd part: the various speaking techniques which the sage orator makes use of are pointed out. After that, the contribution of geometric forms in the teaching of philosophy is explained as well the contribution of analogies and the homoiomata used by Ariston of Chios. Finally, the significance of the fact that the stoic speaks in the second person singular which constitutes a stoic way (topos) is explained. 3rd part: the significance which the stoics attribute to poetry and the poem as a particular kind of rhetoric is presented in detail as well as their contribution in teaching. A comparison between platonic and stoic philosophy is attempted as regards the poem while, at the same time, Posidonius' definition of poetry and the poem is presented in detail. The particular importance of sound and music in poetry is then examined as well as their positive or negative influence in the psychology of the audience. After that, an analysis of Diogenes' of Babylon about music, on the same subject is attempted. The end of the third part deals the production of the stoics in poetry, as regards the quality of their work. The hymn to Zeus by Kleanthes is also analyzed and an attempt to place it temporally is carried out through a comparison to Aratos' invocation to Zeus (phaenomena 1-18). There is also a bibliography and an index of ancient, medieval and modern writers
Le, Blay Frédéric. "La découverte du corps caché : la pensée physiologique entre médecine et philosophie dans le stoi͏̈cisme romain : Ier-IIe siècles ap. J.-C." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3018.
Full textBy asserting the union of body and soul, the Roman Stoics of the first centuries of the Empire made a clear break with Platonic dualism and placed the knowledge of the body and physiology at the heart of philosophy. These authors found the inspiration for their own theories on Physics and Ethics in the theoretical models of medicine. But their thinking goes beyond simple medicine since they base their ideas of anthropology and psychology on certain notions of physiology like pain, instinct and oikeiôsis which are rarely, if ever, addressed by Greek and Roman doctors. Finally, the living organism comes to represent the fundamental paradigm of their system which explains the appearance of a new esthetics, influencing literature
Tchiakpe, Isaac. "Le problème des affects dans la détermination morale : examen comparé de l'éthique de Spinoza et de la morale stoïcienne." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100033.
Full textIt is a common point of view in the history of philosophy, to assert that Spinoza in his ethics follows the stoic's tradition. But conspicuously, the contents of the preface of the fifth part of Spinoza’s ethics, are directs critics of stoic's moral philosophy, and rejection of Descartes theory of free-will. The main and important distinction between Spinoza and the stoics is: for Spinoza, affects are natural, and qualified as necessaries modifications which follow inter-individuals relations and relations with others res singulares, which composed the nature. And we have not absolute power over the affects as the stoics thought. Indeed, for the stoics, affects are path, qualified as diseases of soul, or distortion of judgment. And the wise man is never troubled by affects, because he uses the power of his judgment to eradicate all unnatural phenomena (the affects). Therefore, the differences between Spinoza and the stoics are substantial: their ethics expresses two different conceptions of human life
Tarrête, Alexandre, and Vair Guillaume Du. "Éloquence, politique et stoïcisme à la fin des Guerres de religion : les Traictez philosophiques (1606) de Guillaume du Vair (1556-1621) : édition critique et commentaire." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040137.
Full textCassan, Melania. "Sull'anima : la prospettiva dello stoico Seneca." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H201.
Full textThe aim of this work is to unveil the conception of the soul within Seneca's philosophical thought by bringing out, on the one hand, his underlying orthodoxy towards Stoicism and, on the other, his original contribution. In this regard, the dissertation is divided into three parts. The first one reconstructs the characteristics of the human soul in its essential traits (nature, structure, functions) and develops a first psychological “model”: the stable and harmonious soul that has achieved virtue. The second part deepens a second psychological “model”: that of an unstable, disharmonious and passionate soul. Finally, the third part analyses the works not stricto sensu philosophical (tragedies and Natural Questions), as they reveal significant affinities with the discourse on the soul conducted in the first two parts, allowing us to specify our thesis even better
Makanga, Blanchard. "Questions morales et rapports de l'homme à la nature à partir de la morale stoïcienne : réflexion philosophique sur l'environnement." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Makanga-Blanchard/2008-Makanga-Blanchard-These.pdf.
Full textIn various fields, the contemporary society's troubles and problems call for new problematics and solutions. The technoscientific progress has become a so powerfull way of material transformation, that a new orientation of the human thinking as regarding the concept of nature must be found. The ecologic dangers at a planetary level being more and more evident, the technosciences and the ecology as a scientific discipline cannot solve the problem by themselves only. A philosophic approach, particularly in the ethic aspects, could contribute to constitute the Environnement as new studies object, in which the reason as a practice would be able to build without dogmatism a new conception of the relation between mankind and nature. Zeno of Citium and the stoïcian philosophy had provided an art of life for the ancient Greeks. In Zeno's conception, Nature was a rational whole which included most of the ethic realities. Such a rational whole was able to autoregulate itself and to guaranty its own coherence. Nowadays, the link between nature and reason never than ever requires consciousness and responsability, and probably new Rights as a statute for every living being and species. If the technoscience is for ever an human need, the human reason must be able to determine and lead the technoscientific activity in the best way on the ethic point of view
Chambert, Régine. "Rome : le mouvement et l'ancrage. Recherches sur les conceptions morales et philosophiques du voyage dans la littérature julio-claudienne." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040011.
Full textThe two most influencial schools of philosophy at the start of the 1st century A. D. Are, on a doctrinal basis, very different in their view of movement and their interpretation of the universe. The Stoicians openness to the world and their cosmopolitanism are in complete opposition with the cautious withdrawn attitude of the Epicurians. Seneca, the main representative of imperial stoicism, gives in his works, a special place to travelling : this theme is recurrent in his writing and thinking. It is the starting point of a whole range of thoughts which, although stressing some of the positive sides of travelling, develops a harsh criticism of mobility that he considers a major hindrance to moral progress. For the stoic philosopher, it is the inner travel and the search for serenity that matters. In the Pharsalia, the poet Lucan is mainly sensitive to the initiation role of war peregrination whose heroic values he glorifies. In his study of the intricate relations between Rome and the world, he depicts the sufferings caused by exile and distance from the motherland. In spite of their stoic beliefs, the two greatest writers of the julio-claudian period share ideas akin to those of the Epicurians in their reservation concerning instability and they distance themselves, to some extent, from the theories of the portico. This tends to bridge the gap between those two schools of philosophy and this convergence brings about a similar conception of a tranquil happiness based mainly on a peace of mind and a moral self-reliance
Hasic, Anida. "La tensione tra interiore ed esteriore. Studio attorno all'idea di securitas in Seneca." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040079.
Full textThis research reconstructs the value of the concept of securitas in Seneca's thought with the aim to show its centrality and the organic nature of its development both from a conceptual point of view and from the point of view of the history of ideas. Therefore the interior and the exterior dimensions of the notion and their mutual implications are analyzed: securitas is examined in its interior psychological dimension in the context of moral progress, subsequently the importance of the concept is taken into account in connection with social relations in the imperial context. The epistemological questions of the notion in Naturales Quaestiones are also studied in order to investigate the relationship that man entertains with the world of natural phenomena through science. Securitas was also examined within the relationship between philosophical and dramatic works (Oedipus), suggesting the presence of ethical assumptions of securitas in their inverted sense on a poetic level and allowing us to describe Seneca's poetic as a poetic of uncertainty. The research shows that the ethical aspects which focus on the interior dimension become part of relating to the outside world as well. The tense relationship with the world, which emerges from the study of the concept of securitas, can also be linked to the way Seneca deals with previous philosophical tradition and have contributed to clarify his position with respect to the Stoic tradition to which he belongs, as well as with respect to other philosophical (Lucretius, Cicero, Celsus) and ideological (Velleius Paterculus) influences which are present in his works
El, Moukhtari Khalil. "De l'image de Rome au sein de la littérature juridique arabo-islamique médiévale : le droit musulman entre ses origines profanes et sa configuration sacralisée." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10413/document.
Full textCalled to translate jointly the abstract requirements of a Sunni orthodoxy which introduced itself as theagent of the monotheist Truth, the identical requirements of an Islamic Ûmma worried of joining within the monotheist evolution of the humanity and the claiming of a califale institution worried to strengthen its "precarious" legitimacy, the fiqh appears under the feather of the Muslim authors as an authentic and sacred pattern. So, considered as the support of the Ûmma, the Islamic law was not only going to give up its preislamic origins, and particularly those who would be due in Rome, set up as symbol of the monotheist wrongness; it was also going to escape the principles of the human reason and adapt the mythical reference of the thought who established it. By the analyzing of the Rome’s idea through the papers of the medieval fûqaha, this study tries to read the islamic law through its effective historicity and to understand the various factor and the circumstances which built it
Aubert-Baillot, Sophie. "Per dumeta : recherches sur la rhétorique des Stoïciens à Rome, de ses origines grecques jusqu'à la fin de la République." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040123.
Full textAs the science of speaking well, in which « speaking well » means « telling the truth », Stoic rhetoric is akin to an anti-rhetoric. Valuing brevity, refusing to excite passions, inapt at persuading its audience, it rejects every characteristic of traditional oratory and leans towards philosophical dialectics. However, the disparity between strict precepts and a wide range of oratorical practices encourages us to examine whether this theory may not allow a more open interpretation, especially as Stoic rhetorical doctrines changed with time and with the succession of Scholarchs. It seems that when it first took root in Rome, as early as 155 B. C. With Diogenes of Babylon, Stoicism had not yet formulated a clear message on a subject which had been conflicting with philosophy since the Gorgias. Because of the links between Panaetius and Scipio’s circle, Stoicism influenced the way many aristocrats, among whom Fannius, Tubero, Rutilius Rufus and Cato Uticensis, both lived and practised eloquence. Wavering between two poles of attraction - Cynicism and Aristotelianism - Stoic rhetoric had such a strong influence on most Latin writers, as a model to be either followed or rejected, that Cicero had to organise a rigorous strategic dispute, both stylistic and philosophical, against it. In so doing, he helped to acclimatise it to Rome and to adapt it to Latin language and culture, while suggesting that the antinomy between Stoic philosophy and rhetoric, though real, was not inevitable
Tsuzaki, Yoshinori. "L' exercice chez Descartes : méthode, anthropologie et morale." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010551.
Full textBénatouïl, Thomas. "La pratique du stoi͏̈cisme : recherche sur la notion d'usage (khrésis) de Zénon à Marc Aurèle." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120060.
Full textStoicism carries on a socratic tradition, which conceives human practices as "uses" (chrésis/chrésthai) of faculties or ressources, so as to show their lack of intrinsic value and determine the right attitude towards them. Our study of "use" does not daim that it is a central concept of stoicism : it fo this discrete notion through the whole stoic system and uses it as a guide to describe the stoic "theory of practice". Four main types of use can be found in testimonies on heilenistic stoicism (parts I to IV): the instinctive use of one's organs (common to men and animais), the control of the use of reason, the continuous and universal use of virtue, the good use of indifferent things, each of these being also a step in the acquisition of wisdom. They are analysed in their respective theoretical contexts (stoic conception of animals and oikeiosis, of reason and passions, of virtue, of indifferent and preferred things) and compared to rival (aristotelian, epicurean, academic) conceptions of use. The notion of use allows to describe the way in which man practical adapts to his nature and to Nature, but it can lead to relativism. Stoicism tries to avoid this threat without imposing external rules to the ambiguity of use: stoic ethical norms are internal to the practice of use and formal enough to maintain. Its freedom and efficiency. In Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius (part V), one can also find various types of use linked together as aspects of moral progress and objects of pedagogical discourse: the good use of external things can be secured only through the right use of representations, which is itself a form of use of the mental and moral faculties that God's providence granted men to allow them to live free of any trouble
Baratin, Marc. "Histoire des théories linguistiques : l'analyse syntaxique dans l'Antiquité latine." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040470.
Full textLong, Olivier. "L’oeuvre comme exercice spirituel, l’inspiration stoïcienne des artistes, l’exemple de Poussin et de Cézanne." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100113.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to show how artists took over the ancient version of both Greek and Roman stoicism. Ancient stoicism is a philosophy based on the physical continuity of the universe. Cézanne and Poussin were painters who lived at a time marked by a break with traditions. Our purpose is to examine the neostoicism of those painters by studying the antique literary and artistic sources which might have inspired them. Focusing on the two examples we chose to analyse enables us to define what stoicism means as regards the artists; a specific relationship with nature, an alternative to representation within a traditional idea of representation, a code of ethics of resistance related to ascetic techniques, a practical implementation of tension which emphasizes the role played by gesture as the core of artistic creativity, an attempt at intensifying the work of art thanks to a physical tension as well as a physical attention
Courtil, Jean-Christophe. "Sapientia contemptrix doloris : le corps souffrant dans l'œuvre philosophique de Sénèque." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20103.
Full textSeneca scrupulously respects Stoic orthodoxy by repeatedly asserting that physical health, as a moral “indifferent”, should never be an object of attention. However, alongside these considerations, he composed a work in which physical suffering holds an important place. The intent of this study, through the analysis of theories and representations of physical dolor in Seneca’s philosophical works, is to solve this apparent paradox and to accurately establish the functions of such use. In a first time, after having defined the notion of physical dolor and established a precise typology, we demonstrate the omnipresence of the pattern of the suffering body and draw external reasons for it, whether they might be socio-anthropological and cultural, political, literary and even personal. In a second time, we study the medical aspect of the representations of suffering in order to define in the philosopher the level of his knowledge of specialized authors and the possible origin of the pathological and therapeutic theories that emerge in his work. In a third time, we consider the physical dolor in Seneca’s philosophical thought. We apply to demonstrate that the physical dolor has a first order ethical function and that Seneca does not confine himself to submitting dogmatic elements, but he also develops a series of practical exercises that allow to emerge victorious from the fight against physical pain
Ferrari, Emiliano. "La diversité de nos passions ! Corps, âmes et sagesse dans les Essais de Montainge." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30031/document.
Full textThe study of the emotions in the Essais of Montaigne shows a complex phenomenon, which demonstrate the great assumption of the Montaigne’s anthropology: man is an undividable unity of body and soul. Like human being, the emotion is a mixture experience that has a double aetiology: it raise in the body and in the soul. For his particular constitution, man is naturally subject to « nombre infiny des passions », and the wisdom of the Essais is nothing else that the ability of governing and harmonising the emotional forces, for realise the only human possible perfection: enjoy the proper life in his immanent singularity (sçavoir jouyr loiallement de son estre). For that goal, the moral philosophy needs to know the real physiological and psychological powers and limits of human being, because wisdom must be useful et practicable. The knowing of the body in the Essais will lead to a deconstruction of the hylomorphic psychology and to the affirmation of the independence and autonomy of the body’s dynamism: the experience of the involuntary actions and sensible emotions arise without any reference to the aristotelic psyché, and the soul fell this events as affections. On the other side, the psychological knowledge tries to understand, b the introspection, the psychological acts (linked to imagination and judgement) that constitutes the emotions of the soul. By that understanding, the soul discover his power of arising the emotions, that witch give him the concrete possibility of manage the conflicts and the tensions between passions, using the power of other different passions. This process, in the third book of the Essais, sketch a real discipline of the soul that is an administration of the soul’s emotions («passions de l’ âme») and of the body’s emotions («passions corporelles»): the soul has to rest in connection with his body, and in doing so it can intensify the psychosomatic unity. It is in that unity, constantly reaffirmed, that man has access to the enjoyment of his proper being and to the moral perfection
Auvray-Assayas, Clara. "Folie et douleur dans Hercule Furieux et Hercule sur l'Oeta : recherches sur l'expression esthétique de l'ascèse stoïcienne chez Sénèque." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040006.
Full textGroisard, Jocelyn, and Alexandre d'Aphrodisias. "Le "De mixtione" d'Alexandre d'Aphrodise : édition critique, traduction, commentaire, précédés d’une introduction à l’histoire du problème philosophique du mélange." Paris, EPHE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPHE5013.
Full textThis PhD research deals with mixture theories in ancient Greek philosophy and focuses on the treatise On mixture by the Peripatetic philosopher Alexander of Aphrodisias (ca. 200 A. D. ). This treatise is the only surviving work from antiquity devoted to the philosophical issue of mixture, that is, to the problem of how a plurality of things can be unified into one product and how one should account for both their reciprocal relation in process of mixture and their relation to the mixed product. This thesis is on the one hand philological nature as it provides a complete translation of Alexander ‘s treatise based on a new critical edition of the text from the manuscript tradition ; a first critical edition has been published by Buns in 1892, but from incomplete collations and without using one of the only two independent manuscripts, discovered only later by Vitelli ; a re-examination of the whole manuscript tradition was necessary and indeed allowed to improve on the text of former editions. This PhD thesis is also concerned with history of philosophy ; the edition of Alexander’s On mixture is followed by an analytical commentary and comes after a general study situating this work in the long-term history of ancient mixture theories, which is divided into three major trends : the Peripatetic tradition, of which Alexander is a main representative ; the mixture theory of the Stoics, which was sharply criticised by Alexander ; and eventually the transposition of physical mixture schemes in Neoplatonic metaphysics, a move initiated by Plotinus who was probably dependant on Alexander’s treatment of the mixture issue
Passet, Laure. "Refus du luxe et frugalité à Rome : histoire d'un combat politique : (fin du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. - fin du IIe siècle av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20104.
Full textThis study analyses the place and role of the way of life in political speeches and practices in Rome in the late third century BC and in the second century BC, which formed a turning point. Luxury was a means of social distinction for the aristocracy in the late fourth century BC and third century BC. From the Second Punic War onwards, the elite began to worry about the political impact of this sumptuousness and the threats it posed for the oligarchic system. Consequently, the elite introduced laws regulating banquets in order to prevent hosts from gaining political prestige, without clearly citing this reason, out of deference for the government and in order to protect its own legitimacy. This fight against luxury spread in speeches and influenced the image of itself which the elite wanted to promote. The detractors of luxury, like Cato the Elder, proposed a new ideal – frugality, which implied adopting a lifestyle more humble than that which was allowed by one’s actual rank. A negative definition of luxury was proposed – it was explicitly and definitively associated with vice, foreigners (Greeks especially), and implicitly considered to be typical of men who were unable to serve their homeland or who aspired to excessive power. An antithetic representation of frugality was developed and was thought to be the quality of real Romans who were true to the values of the countryside and anxious to preserve the interests of the Republic. This image was highly valued by the people. These ideas played a significant role in the power struggles in the last third of the second century BC. Frugality remained nonetheless a difficult quality to adopt in all circumstances because it went against the standards of the elite – while it mattered for the elite to make their political position clear through frugality, it was also important to cater to one’s guests as befitted one’s rank. Stoicism, which was then developing in Rome and advocated a restrained way of life, had to adapt to this demand
Faivre, Delphine. "Le héros de la liberté : Les aventures philosophiques de Caton au Moyen Âge latin, de Paul Diacre à Dante." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040161.
Full textThe study examines the medieval reception of the character of Cato of Utica, a Stoic philosopher and Roman citizen engaged in defending the institutions of the Roman Republic during the second civil war, who committed suicide after the Julius Caesar's victory (46 B.C.E.). The thesis starts by focusing on the Catone dantesco, and in particular on Cato as the warden of the Purgatorio of the Commedia, and then works backwards in analyzing the potential sources of Dante’s (1265-1321) portrayal. This undertaking leads to a reevaluation of the image of Cato in antique authors (1st century B.C.E.-7th century C.E.), and then to uncovering the outlines of the portrayals of medieval authors (8th century C.E. - 1320). This massive undertaking is organized around four questions concerning medieval thought : what role does the notion of exemplarity play in the discussion? What place is given to Rome and to the Romans? How are the questions of liberty and suicide treated? How do the authors discuss the problem of salvation for pagans of Antiquity?
Demanche, Diane. "Provocation et vérité. Forme et sens des paradoxes stoïciens dans la poésie latine, chez Lucilius, Horace, Lucain et Perse." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040079.
Full textThe presence of Stoic paradoxes in the works of poets whose links with the Stoa are complex reveals the particular status of these incongruous formulas in Roman thought. After studying the origins of paradox and its transformations during the development of the Greek philosophical schools, the thesis considers the particularity of Stoic paradox and its adaptation to the Roman world. Unexpectedly, the Stoics do not sign away these disconcerting assertions. By their rhetorical effectiveness, and despite the hostility they also arouse, paradoxes appear in texts which do not belong to the Stoa. Their adaptation in poetic works – satires of Lucilius, Horace and Persius, epodes, odes and epistles of Horace, and Lucanian epic - could make us consider that they are perverted and diverted from their first aim. Indeed, the purpose of these poets is not at all to have the reader adhere to the uncompromising perfection outlined by the Stoic paradoxes. But the link between the paradoxes we find in this poetic corpus and their Stoic origin is actually much more intimate. By different ways, each poet takes up the main of the Stoic paradoxical approach : it consists in waking up the minds, and showing the radical novelty of the truth which one wants to reveal, making sure, at the same time, that the reader can join it. Lucilius’ virulence, Horace’s intimacy, Lucan’s daze and Persius’ abstruse language constitute the different but converging ways by which one subtly undertakes to shock in order to convert
Maruotti, Amaranta. "La diàtriba cinico-stoica : uno strumento concettuale o un mitofilologico? : analisi del dialogismo diatribico e del ruolo dello interlocutore fittizio nella filosofia romana." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040143.
Full textThe starting point of our thesis is the critical discussion of a concept taken for granted by literary and ancient philosophy scholars. This is the cynic-stoic diatribe, so named because cynical themes would coexist with Stoic ones. Our first step is assessing the accuracy of the widely accepted definition, which makes the connection between the diatribe and a tradition of topics relating to moral popular philosophy. Then we explain our choice to accept and to try to integrate recent scientific acknowledgments which accept the diatribe as a literary genre relating to the spiritual guidance method of the Socratic philosophical schools, with a particularly attentive focus on the relationship between master and disciple. Starting from this controversial genre of Greek origin, we analyze the transition to the Roman period, by first examining the terminological aspect and then the philosophical framing. Among the methods, defined as diatribic, we focus on the only feature which does not appear to be challenged and that for this exact reason could be the basis of the existence of the genre itself: dialogism and the presence of a fictitious interlocutor.We then focus our attention on Seneca's work, and particularly on Letters to Lucilius, where the attempt to create a master-disciple relationship is intensely visible, and in which the presence of a fictitious interlocutor is structurally related to the development of this relationship. Then we discuss the diatribic forms of Roman satire, to reach Lucilius', Horace's and Persius' cases. A brief presentation is finally devoted to the analysis of relations between the diatribe, the Second Sophistic and the religious preaching
Galvão, Braga Carlos Eduardo. "L’expérience perceptive de Gustave Flaubert entre 1845 et 1851." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040185.
Full textIntimately associated to the travelling experience, during which it meets at the same time its intensities and diversities, Flaubert’s perceptive culture should be understood as a truly sentimental education. If the young writer imposes himself the “well writing” learning as a goal, it’s done before anything else, by interpreting the aesthetics, in its primary meaning, as a sensation art that requires a “well seeing” learning. In relation to the conversion work of the look that Flaubert gives over himself between 1845 and 1851, it’s possible to talk, this way, of a true “primate of perception”. This doctorate research, based on a phenomenological approach, explores the decisively way in which the penman invested a lesson of the sensible in his art, integrating all the findings related to the deepening of his perceptual experience. Far from reducing itself to a disincarnate formalism, the new aesthetical system that allows Flaubert to go from the young writings to the maturity works is a device that completes a sensorial itinerary: along this itinerary, the knowledge, the ideas and the abstraction faculties were corrected, reevaluated and redefined for the purpose of a “well feeling” that is able to reshape the art of writing and the delimitation of its true object
Freyburger, Pierre. "Recherches sur le traité des divinations de Caspar Peucer." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100045.
Full textPaulson, Alexander. "Voluntas : force d’âme, libre arbitre et volonté du peuple chez Cicéron." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040197.
Full textThe will : few words feature in so many distinct debates, nor range so vastly from the simple to the sacred. This thesis is intended to provide a thorough study of the notion of will in Cicero, and of the new semantic pathways he opens for posterity. The role attributed to him in genealogies of the will has been relatively minor. But digital archives confirm a curious fact: all extant Latin texts prior to his lifetime yield around two dozen occurrences of voluntas and its cognates. In the texts we have, Cicero uses the word 644 times. His theology examines the character of the world determined by the mens ac voluntas of the gods, and the improvement of the soul in the contemplation of divine will. Voluntas propels and inspires Cicero’s study of emotion in criminal liability. In the Tusculan Disputations and De officiis, he adapts Stoic ethics to propose the will as locus of moral progress. Further, it was Cicero, not Lucretius as some have argued, who first considered the “freedom” of human will – as a 36-year-old prosecutor, and then in the De fato, where his argument for libera voluntas marshals the Stoa and Academy to repudiate the Epicureans. Finally, Cicero invents “the will of the people” as we know it. Rome’s greatest orator and the pioneer of political thought in Latin, he makes voluntas populi the catalyzing force of a sovereign republic. So too does he sow problems of elite “trusteeship” into his notion of popular will, problems which electoral democracies still struggle to resolve
Reynaud, Julie. "La lettre et son style dans l'œuvre de Marsile Ficin : une pratique philosophique de l'unité." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040002.
Full textThe study of the Marsilio Ficino's correspondence, whose first book is being comprehensively translated, reveals an aspect of his philosophy which is usually ignored. Inspired by Stoicism, the moral thought of the master of Platonician Academy in Florence finds in the letter its most appropriate way of expression. Indeed because epistolary literature daily examines the actions of the correspondents, it may be seen as an opportunity to reflect on virtues as well as the philosophical style most likely to encourage people to live a good life. This practical philosophy ensures the progress of the soul, after looking into itself, toward virtue, and as a consequence catches sight of its unity as well as its divinity. Practical philosophy is a stage to speculative one, introducing to make acts agree with thoughts, ant thoughts with words
Merckel, Cécile. "Seneca theologus : la religion d'un philosophe romain." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796579.
Full textVidal, Arlette. "Apologétique et philosophie stoïcienne : essai sur la permanence de Sénèque chez les Pères latins de Tertullien à Lactance." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040195.
Full textThis thesis analyses the phenomenon of Seneca’s Christianization through the works of the Latin fathers, Tertullian, Minucius Felix, Cyprian and Lactance. It throws light on the recourses these theologians have to Seneca’s stoical concepts and on the alteration of Seneca’s thought, pulled out of a coherent philosophical system, to be implanted in a religion in process of intellectual elaboration. The method, which is chosen, is dictated by the way these fathers make use of the philosopher. Tertullian and Lactance quote him : these quotations are the beginning of a comparative study ; Minucius Felix and Cyprian don't refer to him : literal and thematic comparisons are drawn. In Tertullian and Seneca’s works, the criticism of superstition, the use of patience, eschatology and theology are compared ; which raises the question about the validity of Seneca saepe noster. Christian humility, ignored by Tertullian, is wrongly attributed to Seneca. The father's crypto-stoicism appears in his developments on the natural knowledge of god, the logos, natural law. Minucius Felix traces an apology of martyrdom from Seneca’s description of the suffering wise man and, to refute the pagan charge against Christianity, he uses an argumentation taken from the philosopher, without being influenced by his thought. Cyprian collects moral themes and sociological analyses in Seneca’s works. A study of the context of the insertions of Seneca’s numerous fragments in Lactance's works and of the father's interpretation of them, reveals the philosopher's Christianization : Seneca’s god acquires Christian features (uniqueness, nature, agnesis, the power of an ex-nihilo creator, the judge and the guardian of conscience) and immortality becomes the reward for virtue. Lactance asserts god's irascibility by using Seneca’s De ira. Once Christianized, the philosopher is, in history, the sign of the irreducibility of Christianity to stoicism