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Journal articles on the topic 'Stoke units'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Yahya, Nurul, and Derrett Watts. "Patient experience survey for community drug and alcohol service users in hospitals." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.611.

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AimsTo explore and monitor experience of hospital care provided to patients of Stoke Community Drug and Alcohol Services (CDAS) and Edward Myers Unit (EMU; detox inpatient based unit).MethodThe sample was collected from patients who attended face-face clinics at CDAS and patients living in Stoke-On-Trent who were admitted to the Edward Myers Unit. The survey pertains to four locations, which include Royal Stoke Hospital, A + E, Harplands Hospital (Mental Health Unit), and EMU.We collected data of over two months from September–November 2020. The cohort of patients from CDAS included new presentations or restart Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST) clinics and people known to the alcohol team at CDAS.We delivered a survey pertaining to experience of hospital care in the last 12 months. This includes treatment at A&E Royal Stoke Hopital, any of the wards at Royal Stoke Hospital, Harplands Hospital and Edward Myers Unit.ResultThe uptake for the survey was 53/83 (64%) at CDAS clinic and 23/44 (52%) at Edward Myers Unit. The sample comprised more men than women. The majority were aged 31–40 years. Most common substances used were alcohol.Majority of patients has been admitted to the general hospital, either in the ward or seen at A + E. Most people were very satisfied with their treatment in all four locations. This include withdrawal symptoms, pain, mental health, and discharge plan. There were diverse reasons given of the satisfactory scores. EMU seems to have the best overall scores comparatively to the other units, with Harplands Hospital seems to be doing worse.The free text comments revealed that the staffs' courtesy, respect, careful listening and easy access of care was particularly the strongest driver of overall patient satisfaction. Patients look for supportive relationships, to be involved in treatment decisions, effective approaches to care, easy treatment access and a non-judgemental treatment environment. In some aspects, patients were dissatisfied with pain management, longer waiting times and inability to treat them as equal to non drug/alcohol users.ConclusionOn objective measures, patients were satisfied with treatment received, however, some has point out their dissatisfaction, particularly in the mental health setting. This project calls for greater attention and support for addiction service provision in emergency departments and hospital wards. Although these findings do not represent the views of all patients in SUD treatment, findings give insight into the ways treatment providers, service managers and policy makers might enhance the patient experience to improve patient treatment prognosis and outcomes

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Cashion, Catelyn, Yash Gawarikar, and Ronak Patel. "081 Description of a stroke unit mimic admissions." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 89, no. 6 (May 24, 2018): A33.1—A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-anzan.80.

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IntroductionThere is evidence to support both clinically and economically that stroke units improve stroke outcomes, but this is offset by high stroke mimics rates, which account for up to quarter of stroke unit admissions. There is no Australian data looking at stroke mimic rates and the time of day when they are admitted.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at Calvary Public Hospital, Bruce from May 2014 to May 2017 looking at stroke unit admission rates and mimic types. We collected data on the times of stroke unit admission, business hours Monday to Friday 0800–1630 hours and after-hours Monday to Friday 1630–0800 hours, weekends 0800–0800 hours. Stroke mimics length of stay (LOS) was compared with TIA mild strokes (NIHSS <5) LOS.ResultsOut of 1017 stoke unit admissions, 257 (25.3%) were stroke mimics. The most common mimic diagnoses were migraine and headaches (18.3%), peripheral vestibulopathy (14.0%), and functional neurology (13.2%). Data on admission times were available for 240 of 257 (93.4%) mimics of which more than 2/3 s of mimics were admitted after-hours; Bayes factor 0.912 demonstrating this is unlikely to be a significant difference. 3.5% of stroke mimics were thrombolysed with 2/3 s occurring after-hours. The average LOS was 2.3 days for mimics, compared to 4.0 days for TIA and minor strokes (p=0.00017).ConclusionOur study shows similar stroke mimic rates as previously described in literature with a higher proportion of these patients were admitted after-hours. However, there is little evidence that this difference is significant. The LOS for stroke mimics was less than TIAs and minor strokes. Our study highlights the need for better recognition of stroke mimics in order to prevent unnecessary utilisation of a valuable resource such as the stroke unit.

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BARALIAKOS, XENOFON, JOACHIM LISTING, ANNA von der RECKE, and JURGEN BRAUN. "The Natural Course of Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis — Evidence for Major Individual Variations in a Large Proportion of Patients." Journal of Rheumatology 36, no. 5 (March 30, 2009): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.080871.

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Objective.To describe the natural course of radiographic progression and to differentiate rates of progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.Overall, 146 patients with AS who had never received anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. The main inclusion criterion was the availability of complete sets of cervical and lumbar radiographs from at least 2 timepoints within 6 years. Using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS), we quantified the structural changes and assessed different rates of radiographic progression based on development of new syndesmophytes/year.Results.The mean followup time was 3.8 ± 1.7 years (range 1–6) and the mean number of consecutive radiographs was 2.7 (range 2–6) per patient. The mean mSASSS change/year was 1.3 ± 2.5 units. Radiographic progression showed much variability, since 43% of patients showed a 4-fold greater rate of progression than the mean, and 23% had no progression. The data-based definition for “fast progression” was calculated as a change > 5 mSASSS units or > 2 new syndesmophytes; for “moderate progression” as change of 2.0–5.0 mSASSS units or < 2 new syndesmophytes; and for “slow progression” as change of < 2 mSASSS units or no more than 1 new syndesmophyte within 2 years. The only factor to predict future radiographic progression was the number of syndesmophytes at baseline.Conclusion.Radiographic progression in AS is rather variable and many patients show high rates of progression. On the basis of this retrospective dataset we propose to differentiate patients on an individual level according to their progression rates: patients with fast, moderate, and slow radiographic progression, assessed by counting new syndesmophytes. Predicting radiographic progression remains difficult; only the prevalence of syndesmophytes at baseline is predictive of future damage.

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van der Heijde, Désirée, Pedro Machado, Jürgen Braun, Kay-Geert A. Hermann, Xenofon Baraliakos, Benjamin Hsu, Daniel Baker, and Robert Landewé. "MRI inflammation at the vertebral unit only marginally predicts new syndesmophyte formation: a multilevel analysis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 71, no. 3 (October 6, 2011): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200208.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between MRI inflammation at the vertebral unit and the formation and growth of syndesmophytes at the same vertebral unit.MethodsAn 80% random sample of the ASSERT database was analysed. MRI were scored using the ankylosing spondylitis (AS) spinal MRI activity score (at baseline, 24 and 102 weeks) and spinal x-rays were scored using the modified Stoke AS spine score (at baseline and 102 weeks). Data were analysed at the patient level and the vertebral unit level using a multilevel approach to adjust for within-patient correlation.ResultsThere was a slightly increased probability of developing syndesmophytes in vertebral units with MRI activity, which was maintained after adjustment for within-patient correlation (per vertebral unit level) and treatment, and after further adjustment for potential confounders, resulting in significant OR ranging from 1.51 to 2.26. Growth of existing syndesmophytes at the vertebral unit level was not associated with MRI activity. At the patient level only a trend for an association was observed.ConclusionMRI inflammation in a vertebral unit slightly increases the propensity to form a new syndesmophyte in the same vertebral unit, but does not predict the growth of already existing syndesmophytes. Despite this association, the large majority of new syndesmophytes developed in vertebral units without inflammation. The subtle association at the vertebral unit level did not translate into an association at the patient level.

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Ramiro, Sofia, Carmen Stolwijk, Astrid van Tubergen, Désirée van der Heijde, Maxime Dougados, Filip van den Bosch, and Robert Landewé. "Evolution of radiographic damage in ankylosing spondylitis: a 12 year prospective follow-up of the OASIS study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 74, no. 1 (August 16, 2013): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204055.

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ObjectivesTo describe the evolution of radiographic abnormalities of the spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsPatients with AS were followed prospectively with 2 yearly radiographs for 12 years. The modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS) was scored by two readers (R1 and R2). New syndesmophytes at uninvolved vertebral corners were computed. Radiographic progression was investigated using generalised estimating equations.Results809 radiographs (presenting 520 at 2 yearly intervals) from 186 patients (70% men, mean age 43 (SD 12) years, mean 20 (SD 12) years since symptom onset and 83% HLA-B27 positive) were included. Mean mSASSS at baseline was 11.6 (16.2). While the course of progression in individual patients was highly variable, and still occurred in patients with decades of symptom duration, mean 2 year progression was 2.0 (3.5) mSASSS units. Over the entire follow-up, at least one new syndesmophyte was found in 55% (R1) and 63% (R2) of patients (38% (R1) and 39% (R2) of all intervals). In 24% of patients (39% of intervals), there was no progression. A progression ≥5 mSASSS units occurred in 22% of patients (or in 12% of intervals). At the group level, a linear time course model fitted the data best, with a constant rate over the entire 12 year interval of 0.98 mSASSS units/year. Radiographic progression occurred significantly faster in men, in HLA-B27 positive patients and in patients with a baseline mSASSS≥10.ConclusionsLong term radiographic progression in AS is highly variable in the individual patient, more severe in HLA-B27 positive men and still occurs after decades of disease. At the group level, however, progression in AS follows an approximately linear course.

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Molnar, Christoph, Almut Scherer, Xenofon Baraliakos, Manouk de Hooge, Raphael Micheroli, Pascale Exer, Rudolf O. Kissling, et al. "TNF blockers inhibit spinal radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis by reducing disease activity: results from the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 77, no. 1 (September 22, 2017): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211544.

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ObjectivesTo analyse the impact of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) on spinal radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsPatients with AS in the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort with up to 10 years of follow-up and radiographic assessments every 2 years were included. Radiographs were scored by two readers according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS) with known chronology. The relationship between TNFi use before a 2-year radiographic interval and progression within the interval was investigated using binomial generalised estimating equation models with adjustment for potential confounding and multiple imputation of missing values. Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) was regarded as mediating the effect of TNFi on progression and added to the model in a sensitivity analysis.ResultsA total of 432 patients with AS contributed to data for 616 radiographic intervals. Radiographic progression was defined as an increase in ≥2 mSASSS units in 2 years. Mean (SD) mSASSS increase was 0.9 (2.6) units in 2 years. Prior use of TNFi reduced the odds of progression by 50% (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.88) in the multivariable analysis. While no direct effect of TNFi on progression was present in an analysis including time-varying ASDAS (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.08), the indirect effect, via a reduction in ASDAS, was statistically significant (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97).ConclusionTNFis are associated with a reduction of spinal radiographic progression in patients with AS. This effect seems mediated through the inhibiting effect of TNFi on disease activity.

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Hebeisen, M., R. Micheroli, A. Scherer, X. Baraliakos, M. De Hooge, D. Van der Heijde, R. B. M. Landewé, et al. "OP0075 SPINAL RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS AND THE IMPACT OF CLASSIFICATION AS NONRADIOGRAPHIC VERSUS RADIOGRAPHIC DISEASE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3576.

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Background:Data on spinal radiographic progression is more limited in nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) than in the radiographic disease state (r-axSpA). It remains unclear, whether radiographic sacroiliitis is by itself associated with progression of spinal structural damage.Objectives:To investigate whether spinal radiographic progression relates to structural damage at the sacroiliac level in axSpA by means of statistical mediation analyses in a large prospective real-life cohort of patients with axSpA.Methods:Patients from the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort were included if they fulfilled the ASAS classification criteria and could be classified as nr-axSpA or r-axSpA after central scoring of pelvis radiographs. Spinal radiographs performed every 2 years were scored according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). The relationship between classification status and spinal progression over 2 years was investigated using binomial generalized estimating equations models with adjustment for sex, ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS) and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor treatment. Baseline spinal damage was considered an intermediate variable and included in sensitivity analyses, as were additional variables potentially influencing radiographic progression.Results:In total, 88 nr-axSpA and 418 r-axSpA patients contributed to data for 725 radiographic intervals (Table 1). Mean (SD) mSASSS change over 2 years was 0.16 (0.62) units in nr-axSpA and 0.92 (2.78) units in r-axSpA, p=0.01. Nr-axSpA was associated with a significantly lower progression over 2 years (defined as an increase in ≥2 mSASSS units) in adjusted analyses (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.13; 0.83), confirmed with progression defined as the formation of ≥1 syndesmophyte. Mediation analyses revealed that sacroiliitis exerted its effect on spinal progression indirectly by being associated with the appearance of a first syndesmophyte (OR 0.09, 95%CI 0.02; 0.36 for nr-axSpA vs r-axSpA) (Fig. 1 and 2). Baseline syndesmophytes were predictors of further progression.Table 1.Baseline characteristics at first radiograph.ParameterN506nr-axSpAN = 88r-axSpAN = 418PFemale sex, %50654.533.7<0.001Age, y50639.5±11.140.4±11.00.52Symptom duration, y49810.0±9.914.0±9.8<0.001HLA-B27 positive, %45271.680.70.09BASDAI4274.6±2.04.2±2.30.26ASDAS4082.8±0.92.8±1.10.74Elevated CRP, %42230.640.60.14BASFI4332.8±2.23.1±2.50.71BASMI4351.1±1.42.2±2.0<0.001mSASSS5060.9±1.56.8±12.7<0.001Syndesmophytes, %5069.135.2<0.001On TNFi, %50619.336.40.002Fig. 1.Modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS) for individual patients plotted as a function of duration since symptom onset.Fig. 2.Two-year mSASSS progression depicted in a cumulative probability plot. Progression was defined as an increase in mSASSS of at least 2 units (dotted line) in 2 years.Conclusion:Spinal structural damage is mainly restricted to patients with r-axSpA, leading to relevant prognostic and therapeutic implications.Disclosure of Interests:Monika Hebeisen: None declared, Raphael Micheroli: None declared, Almut Scherer: None declared, Xenofon Baraliakos Grant/research support from: Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Manouk de Hooge: None declared, Désirée van der Heijde Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Cyxone, Daiichi, Eisai, Eli-Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB Pharma; Director of Imaging Rheumatology BV, Robert B.M. Landewé Consultant of: AbbVie; AstraZeneca; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eli Lilly & Co.; Galapagos NV; Novartis; Pfizer; UCB Pharma, Kristina Buerki: None declared, Michael Nissen Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Consultant of: Novartis, Lilly, Abbvie, Celgene and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Novartis, Lilly, Abbvie, Celgene and Pfizer, Burkhard Moeller: None declared, Pascal Zufferey: None declared, Pascale Exer: None declared, Adrian Ciurea Consultant of: Consulting and/or speaking fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis and Pfizer.

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Lee, Jung-Sun, Eun-Ju Lee, Jae-Hyun Lee, Seok-Chan Hong, Chang-Keun Lee, Bin Yoo, Ji-Seon Oh, et al. "Autoantibodies against Protein Phosphatase Magnesium-Dependent 1A as a Biomarker for Predicting Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Agents." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 3968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123968.

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Background: Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have increased levels of protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A) and autoantibodies. We evaluated the usefulness of serum anti-PPM1A antibodies as a biomarker for AS. Methods: Serum samples from 58 AS patients were obtained from a multicenter registry prior to the initiation of anti-TNF agents. The serum levels of anti-PPM1A antibodies were measured using ELISA. Spinal radiographic progression was defined as an increase in the modified stoke ankylosing spondylitis spinal score (mSASSS) by ≥2 units or a newly developed syndesmophyte. The role of exogenous PPM1A on bone mineralization was evaluated using primary osteoprogenitors acquired from patients with AS and non-inflammatory controls. Results: The baseline levels of anti-PPM1A antibodies and mSASSS were higher in the radiographic progression group than in the non-progression group. In logistic regression analysis, baseline mSASSS and serum anti-PPM1A antibodies were associated with a higher risk of progression. The level of anti-PPM1A antibodies for predicting progression had an AUC of 0.716 (cut-off value: 43.77 ng/mL). PPM1A stimulation increased matrix mineralization in AS-osteoprogenitors but not in controls. Conclusion: Along with mSASSS, the serum levels of anti-PPM1A antibodies might be useful as a predictor of radiographic progression after treatment with anti-TNF agents.

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Babikian, Viken L., and Jens J. Schwarze. "Stroke units." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 4, no. 3 (January 1994): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-3057(10)80184-3.

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Babikian, Viken L., and Jens J. Schwarze. "Stroke units." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 4 (January 1994): S104—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-3057(10)80273-3.

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Duncan, G., L. Ritchie, D. Jamieson, and L. Donaldson. "Stroke units." BMJ 310, no. 6973 (January 21, 1995): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6973.193c.

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Stone, S. "Stroke units." BMJ 325, no. 7359 (August 10, 2002): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7359.291.

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Stevens, RS. "Stroke units." Clinical Rehabilitation 3, no. 3 (August 1989): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026921558900300310.

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Weimar, C., E. B. Ringelstein, and H. C. Diener. "Stroke-Units." Der Nervenarzt 78, no. 8 (May 23, 2007): 957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00115-007-2268-2.

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Alexandrov, Andrei V., and Yongchai Nilanont. "Improving Outcomes After Stroke: From Stroke Units to Mobile Stroke Units." Stroke 52, no. 9 (September 2021): 3072–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.121.034616.

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A proactive clinical approach to stroke care improved functional outcomes with implementation of specialized in-hospital stroke units, urgently delivered systemic thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy and most recently with mobile stroke units deployed in the field. An 18% absolute difference in outcomes as a shift across all modified Rankin Scale strata at 3 months in the recent Berlin study may not be explained by just 8.8% more patients treated within the golden hour for thrombolytic treatment from symptom onset. These findings parallel the findings in the largest controlled multi-center BEST-MSU trial (Benefits of Stroke Treatment Delivered Using a Mobile Stroke Unit) to date. A shortcoming in blinding of the investigators to the mode of transportation is similar to blinding to the endovascular treatment in PROBE (Prospective Randomized Open, Blinded End-Point) design used in thrombectomy trials. A faster access to stroke experts and brain imaging in the field for all patients suspect of stroke regardless symptom nature, severity, duration or resolution delivered by mobile stroke units is likely the reason for improved outcomes akin the impact observed in the initial multidisciplinary approach to in-hospital stroke units and reperfusion therapies delivery.

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Norris, J. W., and V. C. Hachinski. "Stroke units or stroke centres?" Stroke 17, no. 3 (May 1986): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.17.3.360.

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Dayno, Jeffrey M., and Harry H. Mansbach. "Acute stroke units." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 8, no. 3 (May 1999): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1052-3057(99)80022-6.

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Kim, S. H., H. K. Min, H. R. Kim, and S. H. Lee. "THU0532 SEMIQUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BONE SCINTIGRAPHY TO PREDICT SPINAL PROGRESSION IN EARLY AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: A PILOT STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 505.1–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.271.

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Background:Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that typically affects the axial joint and enthesis. Abnormal hyperplasia of osteoblasts in the vertebral corner is the underlying pathogenesis of syndesmophyte formation. Therefore, detecting abnormal osteoblast hyperactivity in the axial joints of patients with axSpA might be an attractive imaging modality to detect potential of spinal structural progression. Bone scintigraphy is used to evaluate the sites of active bone formation by detecting osteoblast activities and visualizing the whole skeleton at once. Therefore, bone scintigraphy is a theoretically ideal imaging modality to predict abnormal bone growth of axial joints in patients with axSpA.Objectives:To investigate whether bone scintigraphy with semiquantitative analysis in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) has prognostic value for predicting spinal structural progression of these patients after 2 years.Methods:The records of 53 patients with early axSpA who underwent baseline bone scintigraphy were reviewed retrospectively. The sacroiliac joint to sacrum (SIS) ratio of bone scintigraphy was measured for semiquantitative analysis, and modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) and syndesmophyte growth were calculated at baseline and after 2 years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff for the SIS ratio of bone scintigraphy. To identify factors associated with significant spinal structural progression, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Significant progression of spinal structural damage over 2 years was defined as an increase of mSASSS of at least 2 units for 2 years or new syndesmophyte growth/bridging of pre-existing syndesmophytes.Results:Multivariate regression analysis revealed obesity (P = 0.023), current smoking status (P = 0.012), and high SIS ratio of bone scintigraphy (P = 0.015) as independent predictors for worsening mSASSS by at least 2 units over 2 years. For new syndesmophyte growth/bridging of pre-existing syndesmophytes over 2 years, current smoking (P = 0.013), high SIS ratio of bone scintigraphy (P = 0.025), and pre-existing syndesmophyte (P = 0.036) were independent predictors.Conclusion:Semiquantitative analysis of bone scintigraphy (high SIS ratio) in patients with early axSpA may be useful for identifying patients at high risk for spinal structural progression after 2 years.References:[1]Gheita TA, Azkalany GS, Kenawy SA, Kandeel AA. Bone scintigraphy in axial seronegative spondyloarthritis patients: role in detection of subclinical peripheral arthritis and disease activity. Int J Rheum Dis 2015;18:553-9.[2]Kim JY, Choi YY, Kim CW, Sung YK, Yoo DH. Bone Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Is There Additional Value of Bone Scintigraphy with Blood Pool Phase over Conventional Bone Scintigraphy? J Korean Med Sci 2016;31:502-9.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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De Silva, D. A. "Basics of stroke units." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 405 (October 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.038.

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Hans-Christoph, Diener. "Stroke Units in Deutschland." CNE.fortbildung 2, no. 01 (January 1, 2008): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1348327.

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Straeten, Vera, O. Busse, and H. C. Diener. "Stroke Units in Deutschland." Aktuelle Neurologie 27, no. 03 (April 2000): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1017531.

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Candelise, L., and A. Bersano. "Stroke Units in Italy." Neurological Sciences 27, S3 (June 2006): s223—s224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-006-0621-z.

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Ludwig, M. "Contra „Neurologische Stroke Units”." Der Internist 40, no. 7 (June 30, 1999): M201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00002733.

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Csiba, László, and Szabolcs Farkas. "How do stroke units enhance stroke recovery?" Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 9, no. 4 (April 2009): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/ern.09.13.

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Melo, Teresa P., and José M. Ferro. "Stroke Units and Stroke Services in Portugal." Cerebrovascular Diseases 15, no. 1 (2003): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000068205.

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Busse, Otto. "Stroke Units and Stroke Services in Germany." Cerebrovascular Diseases 15, no. 1 (2003): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000068212.

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Kalra, L., P. Dale, and P. Crome. "Do Stroke Units Benefit Elderly Stroke Patients?" Age and Ageing 23, suppl 1 (January 1, 1994): P5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/23.suppl_1.p5-a.

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Fassbender, Klaus, Fatma Merzou, Martin Lesmeister, Silke Walter, Iris Quasar Grunwald, Andreas Ragoschke-Schumm, Thomas Bertsch, and James Grotta. "Impact of mobile stroke units." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 92, no. 8 (May 25, 2021): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-324005.

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Since its first introduction in clinical practice in 2008, the concept of mobile stroke unit enabling prehospital stroke treatment has rapidly expanded worldwide. This review summarises current knowledge in this young field of stroke research, discussing topics such as benefits in reduction of delay before treatment, vascular imaging-based triage of patients with large-vessel occlusion in the field, differential blood pressure management or prehospital antagonisation of anticoagulants. However, before mobile stroke units can become routine, several questions remain to be answered. Current research, therefore, focuses on safety, long-term medical benefit, best setting and cost-efficiency as crucial determinants for the sustainability of this novel strategy of acute stroke management.

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29

Záboj, M. "Using RFID in supply chain and retail store unit." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 9 (February 20, 2012): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5130-agricecon.

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  The paper deals with the very actual sphere of using new tool within the frame of entire supply chain from manufacturer towards consumer. The common idea is a management of the flow of goods by the method which should be enable more effective identification, control, tracking and many follow-ups processes in the distribution channel. Even in retail store, the final consumer could use this instrument for his/her increased satisfactory and comfort during his/her shopping. Presumption for realisation of this goal becomes the implementation of a new phenomenon RFID (radio frequency identification) into current operations performed throughout the all levels of value chain with using modern information technology.  

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30

Stone, S. "Stroke units: more trials needed." Age and Ageing 28, no. 2 (March 1, 1999): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/28.2.95.

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31

&NA;. "Stroke units show economic promise." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1000 (August 1995): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199510000-00010.

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&NA;. "More specialised stroke units wanted." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 901 (August 1993): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199309010-00001.

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33

Crome, Peter, Lalit Kalra, Björn Fagerberg, Christian Blomstrand, Brigitte Yip, and ChristineH McAlpine. "Do stroke units save lives?" Lancet 342, no. 8877 (October 1993): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92039-v.

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34

Langhorne, P., B. O. Williams, W. Gilchrist, and K. Howie. "Do stroke units save lives?" Lancet 342, no. 8868 (August 1993): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92813-9.

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35

Friedman, P. "Functional recovery on stroke units." Stroke 25, no. 11 (November 1994): 2294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.25.11.2294.

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36

Edmans, Judi. "What makes stroke units effective?" British Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 8, no. 2 (February 2001): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjtr.2001.8.2.13737.

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37

Indredavik, Bent. "Stroke Units – The Norwegian Experience." Cerebrovascular Diseases 15, no. 1 (2003): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000068213.

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38

Lyrer, P. "Ten Questions to Stroke Units." Cerebrovascular Diseases 15, Suppl. 2 (2003): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000069675.

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39

Talbot, Ana, Marian Brady, Denise L. C. Furlanetto, Heather Frenkel, and Brian O. Williams. "Oral care and stroke units." Gerodontology 22, no. 2 (June 2005): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2005.00049.x.

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40

Hopf, H. C. "The Value of Stroke Units." Aktuelle Neurologie 29, no. 4 (May 2002): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-30695.

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41

Lenzi, G. L., and C. Argentino. "SPREADing the stroke units? PROSIT!" Neurological Sciences 25, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-004-0216-8.

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42

Smithard, David G. "Dysphagia Management and Stroke Units." Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports 4, no. 4 (November 23, 2016): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40141-016-0137-2.

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43

Langhorne, Peter, Martin S. Dennis, and Brian O. Williams. "Stroke Units: Their Role in Acute Stroke Management." Vascular Medicine Review vmr-6, no. 1 (February 1995): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358863x9500600104.

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44

Choi, Hye-Yeon, Myoung-Jin Cha, Hyo Suk Nam, Young Dae Kim, Keun Sik Hong, and Ji Hoe Heo. "Stroke Units and Stroke Care Services in Korea." International Journal of Stroke 7, no. 4 (April 18, 2012): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00788.x.

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45

Kalra, Lalit, Penny Dale, and Peter Crome. "Stroke Rehabilitation Units- Do Elderly Stroke Patients Benefit?" Cerebrovascular Diseases 4, no. 3 (1994): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000108471.

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46

Waje-Andreassen, Ulrike, Darius G. Nabavi, Stefan T. Engelter, Diederik WJ Dippel, Damian Jenkinson, Ondrej Skoda, Andrea Zini, Dilek N. Orken, Ivan Staikov, and Philippe Lyrer. "European Stroke Organisation certification of stroke units and stroke centres." European Stroke Journal 3, no. 3 (May 24, 2018): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396987318778971.

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To improve quality and to overcome the wide discrepancies in stroke care both within- and between European countries, the European Stroke Organisation Executive Committee initiated in 2007 activities to establish certification processes for stroke units and stroke centres. The rapidly expanding evidence base in stroke care provided the mandate for the European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit-Committee to develop certification procedures for stroke units and stroke centres with the goals of setting standards for stroke treatment in Europe, improving quality and minimising variation. The purpose of this article is to present the certification criteria and the auditing process for stroke units and stroke centres that aim to standardise and harmonise care for stroke patients, and hence become members of the European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit and Stroke Centre network. Standardised application forms and guidelines for national and international auditors have been developed and updated by members of the European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit-Committee. Key features are availability of trained personnel, diagnostic equipment, acute treatment and collaboration with other stroke-caregivers. After submission, the application is reviewed by one national and two international auditors. Based on their reports, the Stroke Unit-Committee will make a final decision. Validating on-site visits for a subset of stroke units and stroke centres are planned. We herein describe a novel, European Stroke Organisation-based online certification process of stroke units and stroke centres. This is a major step forward towards high-quality stroke care across Europe. The additional value by connecting high-quality European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit and Stroke Centre is facilitation of future collaboration and research activities, enabling building and maintenance of a high-quality stroke care network in Europe.

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Budhi Rianawati, Sri, Habiba Aurora, and Yulia Nugrahanitya. "CORRELATION BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AT ADMITTED EMERGENCY ROOM AND CLINICALLY OUTCOME IN ACUTE THROMBOTIC STROKE PATIENTS." MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.mnj.2015.001.02.4.

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Steiner, M. M., and M. Brainin. "The quality of acute stroke units on a nation-wide level: the Austrian Stroke Registry for acute stroke units." European Journal of Neurology 10, no. 4 (June 19, 2003): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-1331.2003.00609.x.

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Arnold, Marcel, Stefan Engelter, Philippe Lyrer, Susanne Renaud, Patrik Michel, and Krassen Nedeltchev. "Certification of stroke centre and stroke units in Switzerland." Clinical and Translational Neuroscience 2, no. 1 (January 2018): 2514183X1773840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514183x17738407.

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Kaste, Markku, Tom Skyhoj Olsen, Jean-Marc Orgogozo, Julien Bogousslavsky, and Werner Hacke. "Organization of Stroke Care: Education, Stroke Units and Rehabilitation." Cerebrovascular Diseases 10, Suppl. 3 (2000): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000047576.

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