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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stomoxes'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Gilles, Jérémie. "Dynamique et génétique des populations d'insectes vecteurs : les stomoxes, Stomoxys calcitrans et Stomoxys niger niger dans les élevages bovins réunionnais." La Réunion, 2005. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/05_27_Gilles.pdf.

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À La Réunion, le long d'un gradient altitudinal, nous montrons l'influence majeure des pratiques agricoles et de la température, sur la dynamique des populations de stomoxes. Ces diptères hématophages, vecteurs de maladies, représentent une nuisance considérable pour la filière élevage. Des expérimentations en milieu contrôlé précisent l'effet de la température sur chacun des stades du cycle biologique des stomoxes. Par une approche moléculaire, nous montrons que la diversité génétique est peu affectée par les fortes réductions de taille des populations d'adultes. La structuration génétique pourrait être fortement dépendantes des transports passifs d'individus immatures liés aux pratiques culturales. En conclusion, ce travail apporte des connaissances fondamentales sur la bio¬écologie des stomoxes à La Réunion et nos résultats pourront être valorisés en termes de lutte dans le contexte des changements climatiques planétaires, pouvant affectés la distribution des insectes vecteurs<br>The impact of température and agricultural practices on thé population dynamics of two Stomoxys species has been studied along an altitudinal gradient on La Reunion Island. Thèse blood-sucking insects are vectors of diseases and represent an important nuisance for thé cattle industry. Experiments in laboratory specify thé température effect on each stage of thé two species biological cycles. A molecular approach showed that thé genetic diversity is not affected by thé important réduction of adult population size. The genetic structuration may be strongly dépendent on thé passsive transport of immatures stages from one place to an other. In conclusion, this study contributed to new fondamental knowledge on thé bio-ecology of Stomoxys spp. On La Réunion. In addition, our results are useful for thé control of thèse vector species in thé context of global climatic changes
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2

Mavoungou, Jacques François. "Écologie et rôle vecteur des stomoxes (Diptera : Muscidae) au Gabon." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30075.

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Les stomoxes sont des diptères hématophages qui représentent, pour l’homme et ses animaux domestiques, un fléau à la fois par leur nuisance directe (harcèlement et prédation sanguine), mais aussi par leur rôle de vecteur potentiel d’agents pathogènes. Ceux de la région afrotropicale demeurent encore mal connus. L’étude des peuplements, conduite dans huit localités du Gabon, a permis d’identifier sept taxa : Stomoxys calcitrans, S. N. Niger, S. N. Bilineatus, S. Omega, S. Inornatus, S. Transvittatus, et S. Xanthomelas. Un suivi des populations a été effectué pendant 13 mois à Makokou, le long d’un transect traversant trois milieux : forêt primaire, forêt secondaire et un milieu fortement anthropisé (village). Le résultat a montré l’influence majeure de chaque type de milieu sur le niveau d’abondance des stomoxes. Celui-ci est faible en forêt primaire et très élevé en forêt secondaire et milieu anthropisé. L’espèce S. Xanthomelas est caractéristique des zones forestières tandis que l’espèce S. N. Bilineatus est fortement localisée dans les zones de savane. A part S. Omega, qui est une espèce crépusculaire, les autres espèces ont une activité diurne. Les tranches horaires d’activité des différentes espèces varient en fonction du milieu. En forêt primaire elles présentent une activité unimodale tandis que dans les deux autres milieux elles ont une activité bimodale. Les stomoxes prennent leurs repas de sang sur divers hôtes vertébrés de la faune sauvage, domestique et même sur l’homme. L’espèce S. Transvittatus est ubiquiste, et prélève majoritairement ses repas sur les Céphalophes (Cephalophus spp) tandis que S. Xanthomelas se nourrit sur les singes (Cercopithecus spp)<br>Stomoxyine flies are hematophagous and represent, for man and his domestic animals, a plague by their direct harmful effect (harassing and blood predation), and they can be at the same time potential vectors of pathogenic agents. Those of the afrotropical region remain still badly known. The study of populations trapped in eight localities from Gabon made possible to identify seven species: Stomoxys calcitrans, S. N. Niger, S. N bilineatus, S. Omega, S. Inornatus, S. Transvittatus, and S. Xanthomelas. Population survey was carried out for 13 months in Makokou, along a transect crossing three environments: primary forest, secondary forest and a strongly anthropized area (a village). Results showed the major influence of each type of environment on the abundance of flies. The abundance was low in primary forest and very high in secondary forest and anthropized medium The S. Xanthomelas species is characteristic of the forest area while the S. N bilineatus species is strongly localised in the savannah zones. Except S. Omega, which is a crepuscular species, other species have a diurnal activity. The daily activity of the various species varies according to the environment. In primary forest they present a unimodal activity while in the two other media they have a bimodal activity. The stomoxyine flies take their bloodmeals on various vertebrate hosts of wild or domestic fauna, and sometimes on the man. The S. Transvittatus species is ubiquist, and mainly takes his bloodmeals on duikers (Cephalophus spp) while S. Xanthomelas prefers monkeys (Cercopithecus spp. )
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3

Salem, Ali. "Stomoxys calcitrans (L. 1758) : morphologie, biologie, rôle vecteur et moyens de lutte." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0097/document.

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La mouche charbonneuse, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) est une des espèces les plus nuisibles en élevage. Elle est responsable de pertes directes et indirectes : piqûres douloureuses, spoliation sanguine et transmission d'agents pathogènes. Afin de mieux étudier ce parasite, nous avons mis en place un élevage dans notre laboratoire comprenant deux souches issues de stomoxes sauvages capturés respectivement à l'ENVT et dans un élevage bovin biologique. Le protocole d'élevage est décrit. Nous avons comparé les caractères morphologiques externes des différents stades évolutifs obtenus à partir de notre élevage aux données bibliographiques. Nous avons montré les capacités de transmission mécanique par S. calcitrans de Besnoitia besnoiti, agent de la besnoitiose bovine. Nous avons mis en évidence également des différences de sensibilité entre les deux souches à six insecticides dues probablement à une exposition plus grande à ces derniers de la souche ENVT<br>Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) is one of the most commonly pest of livestock with direct and indirect sides effects: painful bites, blood loss and transmission of pathogens. To better study this parasite, we have established two strains in our laboratory isolated from two geographical origins: the National Veterinary School of Toulouse and an organic cattle farm. We described the rearing protocol in the laboratory. We compared the external morphological characters of the different developmental instars observed in our rearing to data literature. We have demonstrated the ability of S. calcitrans to mechanically transmit Besnoitia besnoiti, responsible of the cattle besnoitiosis. We have also highlighted differences in susceptibility between the two strains to six insecticides probably due to records of higher exposure to them for the ENVT strain
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4

Moffatt, Mark Robert. "Physiology of digestion in Stomoxys calcitrans." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278917.

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5

Dsouli-Aymes, Najla. "Contribution à la phylogénie du genre Stomoxys (Diptera, Muscidae) et à la phylogéographie du Stomoxys calcitrans (L. 1758)." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30033.

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Le genre Stomoxys comprend 18 espèces reconnues (Zumpt, 1973), dont seule Stomoxys calcitrans est devenue cosmopolite. L’analyse phylogénétique montre la paraphylie du genre Stomoxys, due à l’inclusion de Prostomoxys saegerae dans le groupe. Les constructions phylogénétiques présentent trois clades distincts, qui correspondent bien à la biogéographie. L’émergence basale de S. Indicus suggère une origine Orientale du genre Stomoxys vers la fin de l’Oligocène. La divergence moléculaire, estimée à 16. 3 millions d’années, entre S. Niger niger et S. Niger bilineatus propose l’élévation de ces deux sous-espèces au rang d’espèces. L’étude phylogéographique de S. Calcitrans montre la présence d’une lignée Orientale bien différenciée du reste. Les indices de diversité présument l’existence de deux zones de refuge. La première zone serait orientale, dont la recolonisation est limitée. La deuxième zone est probablement africaine, et a permis la recolonisation des autres régions. Le temps d’expansion de S. Calcitrans est vraisemblablement lié au processus de domestication et/ou à la dernière période de glaciation<br>The Stomoxys genus includes 18 recognized species (Zumpt, 1973), only Stomoxys calcitrans became cosmopolitan. The phylogenetic analysis shows the Stomoxys paraphyly, due to the inclusion of Prostomoxys saegerae in the group. Phylogenetic constructions present three distinct clades, which correspond to the biogeography. The basal emergence of S. Indicus suggests an Oriental origin of the Stomoxys genus, around the end of the Oligocene. The molecular divergence, estimated at 16. 3 million years, between S. Niger niger and S. Niger bilineatus proposes the rise of these two subspecies to the rank of species. S. Calcitrans phylogeographic study shows the presence of an Oriental lineage differentiated from the remainder. The diversity indices suppose the existence of two refugia. The first one would be in the Oriental region, with restricted recolonisation. The second one is probably African, and allowed the recolonisation of the other regions. The time expansion of S. Calcitrans is probably related to the process of domestication and/or to the last glaciation period
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6

Blakemore, Deborah. "Control of trypsin secretion in Stomoxys calcitrans." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387200.

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7

Bastien, Fanny Jacquiet Philippe. "Effet larvicide des huiles essentielles sur Stomoxys calcitrans à la Réunion." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2165/1/celdran_2165.pdf.

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8

Nicolino, Carlos Augusto Silva [UNESP]. "Controle quimioterápico da mosca Stomoxys calcitrans (Insecta: Muscidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122077.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-29Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:47:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000814611.pdf: 269478 bytes, checksum: 8125c5711b625f8a58f25e2c5a4c25ba (MD5)<br>Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) representa um sério transtorno para pecuaristas. É um díptero cujos adultos (machos e fêmeas) possuem hábitos hematófagos, vivendo preferencialmente nas comunidades rurais próximas aos homens e animais domésticos, sem, contudo invadir as residências. Causam perdas anuais superiores a US$ 2 bilhões à bovinocultura nos Estados Unidos e US$ 100 milhões no Brasil. Picos populacionais de S. calcitrans têm sido recentemente associados à expansão da indústria sucroalcooleira em áreas de pecuária e aos subprodutos gerados em larga escala por essa atividade. O estudo foi conduzido em três propriedades rurais, cada um recebendo um tipo de tratamento. O experimento I foi conduzido no Município de Miguelópolis/SP, onde se utilizou o tratamento dos animais com a associação de (cipermetrina, clorpirifós e citronelal) via pulverização. O segundo, realizado no Município de Guaíra, onde se fez o uso de brincos impregnados com diazinon. O experimento III foi conduzido em Barretos/SP, onde se utilizou a mesma associação medicamentosa do experimento II, dessa vez usada para pulverizar o ambiente da propriedade rural e também se usou o diazinon na forma de brincos, inseridos nos animais para o controle da mosca. Para a verificação da eficácia de cada experimento foi realizada contagens das moscas nos dias -3,-2 e -1 e +3,+7 e +14. A associação utilizada no experimento I atingiu no terceiro dia após o tratamento 91,5% de eficácia, percentual que cai significativamente até o 140 dia, onde registrou 54,76%. No experimento II notaram-se eficácias de 72,70% no terceiro dia pós-tratamento, 73,17% na segunda e 67,36% na ultima contagem. Por fim, o experimento III obteve eficácias de 83,82%, 83,4% e 71,72% nos dias +3,+7 e +14 respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o melhor tratamento para o controle da mosca foi à associação do tratamento das instalações rurais e animais (experimento III)<br>Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) is a serious disorder for ranchers. It is a diptera whose adults (males and females) are hematophagous habits, preferably living in areas close to men and pets, without however invading the homes rural communities. Cause higher annual losses of $ 2 billion to cattle in the United States and $ 100 million in Brazil. Population peaks of S. calcitrans have recently been associated with expanding sugar-alcohol industry in areas of livestock and by-products generated by this large-scale activity. The study was conducted at three farms, each receiving one type of treatment. The first experiment was conducted in the municipality of Miguelópolis / SP, in which we used the treatment of animals with the combination (cypermethrin, chlorpirifos and citronellal) way spraying. The second, held in the city of Guaira, where did the use of diazinon impregnated with earrings. The experiment III was conducted in Barretos / SP, which we used the same drug combination experiment II, this time used to spray the environment of rural property and also used diazinon in the form of earrings, was inserted for fly control . To verify the effectiveness of each experiment counts of flies was performed on days -3, -2 and -1 and +3, +7 and +14. The association used in experiment I reached on the third day after treatment 91.5% effective, that percentage drops significantly until 14 days, which recorded 54.76%. In experiment II were noted efficacies of 72.70% on the third day post-treatment, 73.17% and 67.36% in the second on the last count. Finally, the experiment III efficiencies obtained 83.82%, 71.72% and 83.4% on days +3, +7 and +14 respectively. It was concluded that the best treatment for fly control was the association of treatment facilities in rural and animals (experiment III)
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9

Nicolino, Carlos Augusto Silva. "Controle quimioterápico da mosca Stomoxys calcitrans (Insecta: Muscidae) /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122077.

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Orientador: Gilson Pereira de Oliveira<br>Banca: Claudinei da Cruz<br>Banca: Rafael Paranhos de Mendonça<br>Resumo: Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) representa um sério transtorno para pecuaristas. É um díptero cujos adultos (machos e fêmeas) possuem hábitos hematófagos, vivendo preferencialmente nas comunidades rurais próximas aos homens e animais domésticos, sem, contudo invadir as residências. Causam perdas anuais superiores a US$ 2 bilhões à bovinocultura nos Estados Unidos e US$ 100 milhões no Brasil. Picos populacionais de S. calcitrans têm sido recentemente associados à expansão da indústria sucroalcooleira em áreas de pecuária e aos subprodutos gerados em larga escala por essa atividade. O estudo foi conduzido em três propriedades rurais, cada um recebendo um tipo de tratamento. O experimento I foi conduzido no Município de Miguelópolis/SP, onde se utilizou o tratamento dos animais com a associação de (cipermetrina, clorpirifós e citronelal) via pulverização. O segundo, realizado no Município de Guaíra, onde se fez o uso de brincos impregnados com diazinon. O experimento III foi conduzido em Barretos/SP, onde se utilizou a mesma associação medicamentosa do experimento II, dessa vez usada para pulverizar o ambiente da propriedade rural e também se usou o diazinon na forma de brincos, inseridos nos animais para o controle da mosca. Para a verificação da eficácia de cada experimento foi realizada contagens das moscas nos dias -3,-2 e -1 e +3,+7 e +14. A associação utilizada no experimento I atingiu no terceiro dia após o tratamento 91,5% de eficácia, percentual que cai significativamente até o 140 dia, onde registrou 54,76%. No experimento II notaram-se eficácias de 72,70% no terceiro dia pós-tratamento, 73,17% na segunda e 67,36% na ultima contagem. Por fim, o experimento III obteve eficácias de 83,82%, 83,4% e 71,72% nos dias +3,+7 e +14 respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o melhor tratamento para o controle da mosca foi à associação do tratamento das instalações rurais e animais (experimento III)<br>Abstract: Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) is a serious disorder for ranchers. It is a diptera whose adults (males and females) are hematophagous habits, preferably living in areas close to men and pets, without however invading the homes rural communities. Cause higher annual losses of $ 2 billion to cattle in the United States and $ 100 million in Brazil. Population peaks of S. calcitrans have recently been associated with expanding sugar-alcohol industry in areas of livestock and by-products generated by this large-scale activity. The study was conducted at three farms, each receiving one type of treatment. The first experiment was conducted in the municipality of Miguelópolis / SP, in which we used the treatment of animals with the combination (cypermethrin, chlorpirifos and citronellal) way spraying. The second, held in the city of Guaira, where did the use of diazinon impregnated with earrings. The experiment III was conducted in Barretos / SP, which we used the same drug combination experiment II, this time used to spray the environment of rural property and also used diazinon in the form of earrings, was inserted for fly control . To verify the effectiveness of each experiment counts of flies was performed on days -3, -2 and -1 and +3, +7 and +14. The association used in experiment I reached on the third day after treatment 91.5% effective, that percentage drops significantly until 14 days, which recorded 54.76%. In experiment II were noted efficacies of 72.70% on the third day post-treatment, 73.17% and 67.36% in the second on the last count. Finally, the experiment III efficiencies obtained 83.82%, 71.72% and 83.4% on days +3, +7 and +14 respectively. It was concluded that the best treatment for fly control was the association of treatment facilities in rural and animals (experiment III)<br>Mestre
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10

Qureshi, Tofique Ahmed. "Immune responses in the blood-feeding insect : Stomoxys calcitrans." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327423.

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11

ALVES, Paula Sant?ana. "Avalia??o experimental de Lecanicillium lecanii no controle biol?gico de Stomoxys calcitrans." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1185.

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Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-29T16:13:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Paula Sant?ana Alves.pdf: 1049254 bytes, checksum: 295fd608eecdae86916f71cbebfc389e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T16:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Paula Sant?ana Alves.pdf: 1049254 bytes, checksum: 295fd608eecdae86916f71cbebfc389e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ<br>Stomoxys calcitrans is a hematophagous fly of which parasitism causes economic losses related to the reduction of milk production and weight gain. Due to the high level of resistance of the stable fly to most of chemical insecticides, it is necessary to search for new alternatives for their control, and one of them would be the use of entomopathogenic fungi. However, few researches related to microbial control of this fly were carried out. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of the Lecanicillium lecanii fungus in to make unfeasible eggs, larvae and pupae of the stable fly under laboratory conditions and verify the formation of inhibition zone in agar solid due to the presence of substances in the mucus and total homogenized larvae not previously exposed and sensitized to the fungus. The S. calcitrans colony was maintained in the Laborat?rio de D?pteros Hemat?fagos, UFRRJ. The tests were performed in the Laborat?rio de Controle Microbiano de Artr?podes, UFRRJ, where the strain CG 420 of L. lecanii was used to prepare the water suspensions. In assays with eggs, larvae and pupae of S. calcitrans, fungal suspensions were used at 2x108, 2x107, 2x106, 2x105 con.mL-1 concentrations, besides the positive control. In assays with eggs, they were immersed in different fungal suspension and transferred to Petri dishes with paper filter, which were added larval rearding medium and its respective suspension. Mortality was assessed five days after exposure, where it was observed whether stage change occurred. There was no significant difference in the hatching of eggs exposed to different fungal concentrations against the control. Larvae were subjected to the same treatment of eggs, and mortality was assessed ten to fifteen days after exposure. There was no significant difference in mortality of larvae exposed to the fungus when compared with the control group, however, the fungus L. lecanii was significantly able to reduce adult emergence from larvae exposed to the highest tested concentration and there was a percentage of emergence of 25,45% and 43,64% compared to 63,64% and 90,91% of the control group. The pupae were also immersed in different fungal suspensions, and transferred to Petri dishes with paper filter, added to its respective suspension. Mortality was assessed ten days after exposure. There was no significant difference in mortality of pupae exposed to different fungi concentrations. Filter paper discs were soaked in mucus samples and total homogenized from larvae of S. calcitrans not exposed and previously sensitized to the fungus L. lecanii and placed in petri dishes sown with the same fungus. It was not observed the formation of inhibition zone around the discs. The L. lecanii fungus was unable to make unfeasible eggs, larvae or pupae of S. calcitrans in tested fungal concentrations, however, was significantly able to reduce the emergence of adults when their third larvae stage were exposed to 2x108 con.mL-1 concentration.<br>Stomoxys calcitrans ? um d?ptero hemat?fago cujo parasitismo ocasiona perdas econ?micas relacionadas ? redu??o da produ??o leiteira e ganho de peso, al?m de estar associado ? dissemina??o e transmiss?o de agentes patog?nicos. Devido ao elevado grau de resist?ncia da mosca dos est?bulos a uma diversidade de inseticidas qu?micos, torna-se necess?rio a busca por alternativas para o seu controle, e uma delas seria a utiliza??o de fungos entomopatog?nicos. Todavia, poucas pesquisas relacionadas ao controle microbiano desta mosca foram realizadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a capacidade do fungo Lecanicillium lecanii em inviabilizar ovos, larvas e pupas de S. calcitrans em condi??es laboratoriais e verificar a forma??o de halo de inibi??o em meio de cultivo s?lido, em decorr?ncia de subst?ncias presentes no muco e no macerado total de larvas n?o expostas e previamente sensibilizadas ao fungo. A col?nia de S. calcitrans foi mantida no Laborat?rio de D?pteros Hemat?fagos, UFRRJ. Os ensaios foram realizados no Laborat?rio de Controle Microbiano de Artr?podes, UFRRJ. Nos ensaios foram utilizadas suspens?es aquosas do isolado CG 420 de L. lecanii nas concentra??es de 2x108, 2x107, 2x106, 2x105 con.mL-1, al?m do controle positivo. Nos ensaios com ovos, estes foram imersos nas suspens?es f?ngicas, e transferidos para placas de Petri com papel filtro, meio de desenvolvimento larval e 3 mL de sua respectiva suspens?o. A mortalidade foi avaliada cinco dias ap?s a exposi??o. N?o foi observada diferen?a significativa na eclos?o dos ovos tratados frente ao controle. As larvas foram submetidas ao mesmo tratamento dos ovos, e a mortalidade foi avaliada dez e quinze dias ap?s a exposi??o. N?o foi observada diferen?a significativa na mortalidade de larvas expostas ao fungo quando comparados com o grupo controle, entretanto, o fungo L. lecanii reduziu significativamente a emerg?ncia de adultos provenientes das larvas expostas ? concentra??o m?xima testada (2x108 con.mL-1) sendo observado um percentual de emerg?ncia de 25,45% e 41,82 %, em compara??o com 63,64% e 90,91% do grupo controle. As pupas tamb?m foram imersas nas suspens?es f?ngicas, e transferidas para placas de Petri com papel filtro e sua respectiva suspens?o. A mortalidade foi avaliada dez dias ap?s a exposi??o. N?o foi observada diferen?a significativa na mortalidade das pupas expostas ?s diferentes concentra??es f?ngicas. Discos de papel filtro foram embebidos em amostras de muco e macerado total proveniente de larvas de S. calcitrans n?o expostas e previamente sensibilizadas ao fungo L. lecanii e colocados em placas de Petri semeadas com o mesmo fungo (1x108 con.mL-1). N?o foi verificada a forma??o de halo de inibi??o ao redor dos discos. O fungo L. lecanii foi incapaz de inviabilizar ovos, larvas ou pupas de S. calcitrans nas concentra??es f?ngicas testadas, no entanto, reduziu significativamente a emerg?ncia de adultos quando suas larvas de terceiro est?dio foram expostas a concentra??o 2x108 con.mL-1.
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12

Wood, Anna Rachel. "Secretion of digestive enzymes in the midgut of Stomoxys calcitrans L." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332361.

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13

Jenkin, Philip. "Studies on the antihaemostatic repertoire of the bloodsucking fly, Stomoxys calcitrans." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368763.

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14

Chagas, Walker Nunes. "Avalia??o das les?es de pele e do leucograma em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) infestados por Stomoxys calcitrans (L) (D?ptera:Muscidae)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/841.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Walker Nunes Chagas.pdf: 2208171 bytes, checksum: 4a3ea912994eedc94099aff215e6bce1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27<br>This experiment aimed to evaluate and compare the macro and microscopic changes in the skin of rabbits caused by the bites of Stomoxys calcitrans, for different levels, repeat attacked and not attacked animals. The profile of leukocyte expression in circulating blood also was analyzed. The experiment was conducted at the Technical College UFRRJ, in the municipality of Serop?dica (RJ). Thirty male New Zealand White rabbits, with 96 to 105 days of age, were divided into five groups, each with six animals and subjected to bites of S. calcitrans in one ear, with three, seven and 14 flies respectively. Another group was submitted to repeat bites of 14 flies, and the fifth group was not submitted to S. calcitrans (control). Forty-eight hours after the attack, fragments of skin were colleted for histopathological. Blood samples also were colleted for hematology. The macroscopic histopathological findings indicate that the bites led to the development dermatitis. Microscopically, 19 rabbits (79,2%) developed hyperkeratosis. Three animals evidenced acanthosis. Also in three animals were observed crusts of exudation with red blood cells and cellular debris. One of these rabbits showed erosive lesions associated with the crust and slight spongiosis. The interstitial edema, classified as slight to moderate, was present in 18 animals (75%). Dilated lymphatic vessels were found in 15 rabbits (62.5%). Eleven attacked rabbits showed interstitial hemorrhage (45.8%). Twenty-two rabbits in the experimental group (91.7%) showed congestion of blood vessels. Some kind of inflammatory infiltration was observed in 15 attacked rabbits (62.5%), whilst no rabbit in the control group showed this change. Thirteen rabbits (54.2%) showed inflammatory infiltrates of predominantly polymorphonuclear and eosinophilic cells, and 14 rabbits (58.3%) evidenced of mononuclear cells, predominantly histiocytes, but not mast cells. The animals submitted to repeat bites showed reduction of leukocytes. The other attacked animals showed reduction of lymphocytes and eosinophils and increase to neutrophils and monocytes.<br>O presente experimento teve como objetivos avaliar as altera??es macro e microsc?picas na pele de coelhos, causadas pelas picadas da mosca Stomoxys calcitrans, em rela??o a diferentes intensidades de infesta??o, a re-infesta??o e a animais n?o parasitados, bem como analisar e descrever a resposta leucocit?ria sang??nea, nos animais dos diferentes grupos. O Experimento foi conduzido no Col?gio T?cnico da UFRRJ, no munic?pio de Serop?dica (RJ). Trinta coelhos machos, Nova Zel?ndia brancos, com idade entre 96 e 105 dias, foram divididos em cinco grupos, com seis animais cada e submetidos ?s infesta??es experimentais por S. calcitrans em uma das orelhas, com tr?s, sete e quatorze moscas respectivamente. Um outro grupo foi submetido ? reinfesta??o, quinze dias ap?s, com quatorze moscas e no quinto grupo os coelhos n?o foram submetidos ?s picadas (controle). Quarenta e oito horas ap?s a infesta??o, foram realizadas a coleta de fragmentos de pele para avalia??o histopatol?gica e pun??o venosa, com realiza??o de esfrega?o sangu?neo para leucocitoscopia. No momento da realiza??o das bi?psias n?o foram observadas altera??es macrosc?picas significativas e os achados histopatol?gicos indicaram que as infesta??es nos animais deste experimento determinaram o desenvolvimento de dermatites do tipo perivascular e intersticial. Microscopicamente, dezenove animais (79,2%) apresentaram hiperqueratose ortocerat?tica compacta. Tr?s apresentaram acantose e crostas serocelulares (exudativas), com hem?cias e debris celulares. Um destes coelhos apresentou les?o erosiva associada ? crosta e discreta espongiose. O edema intersticial, classificado como discreto a moderado, estava presente em 18 animais (75%). Foi evidenciada linfangectasia em 15 coelhos (62,5%). Onze coelhos do grupo experimental apresentaram hemorragia intersticial (45,8%). Vinte e dois coelhos do grupo experimental (91,7%) apresentaram congest?o dos vasos sangu?neos. Algum tipo de infiltrado inflamat?rio foi observado em 15 coelhos (62,5%) dos grupos experimentais, enquanto que nenhum coelho do grupo controle apresentou esta altera??o. Treze coelhos (54,2%) apresentaram infiltrado inflamat?rio de polimorfonucleares, predominantemente eosinof?lico e 14 (58,3%) de mononucleares, predominantemente histioc?tico, onde n?o foi evidenciada a presen?a de mast?citos. Os animais submetidos ? reinfesta??o apresentaram leucopenia e nos demais grupos experimentais foi observado linfocitopenia, eosinopenia, e heterofilia e monocitose. Os achados histopatol?gicos s?o compat?veis com as rea??es de hipersensibilidade do tipo I. Os coelhos infestados por mais moscas apresentaram resposta inflamat?ria mais intensa e nos animais submetidos ? reinfesta??o as altera??es teciduais se apresentam com maior intensidade. A infesta??o por S. calcitrans e a intensidade desta, determina altera??es no leucograma dos coelhos. Na reinfesta??o por S. calcitrans, o leucograma ? compat?vel com o de uma rea??o cr?nica.
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15

Tam, Tracey Lynn. "Relative attractiveness of the Sonic Web and the horse to Stomoxys calcitrans." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001327.

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16

Kiseliova, Natalija. "Slaugytojo vaidmuo rengiant pacientus stomos formavimui." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20140626_185516-82634.

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Pasaulyje, taip pat ir Lietuvoje kasmet vis didėja stomuotų pacientų skaičius. Lietuvoje per pastarąjį dešimtmetį pagerėjo chirurginė technika, stomos priežiūros priemonės, tačiau pacientų paruošimas stomos suformavimo operacijai ir pooperacinė priežiūra vis dar nepakankama. Stomos formavimo operacijos ir toliau išlieka aktualia problema fizinėse, socialinėse, finansinėse, seksualinėse ir psichologinėse gyvenimo srityse. Kol kas dar mažai žinoma apie pacientų mokymą, apie slaugytojo vaidmenį, rengiant pacientus stomos formavimo operacijai, nors pastaruoju metu į tai yra atkreipiamas vis didesnis dėmesys. Būtent todėl mes ir nutarėme įvertinti slaugytojo vaidmenį rengiant pacientus stomos formavimui. Tyrimo tikslas - Įvertinti slaugytojo vaidmenį rengiant pacientus gyvenimui su stoma. Tyrimo uždaviniai. Nustatyti slaugytojo vaidmenį parenkant optimalią stomos vietą. Nustatyti slaugytojo vaidmenį informuojant pacientus apie stomą prieš operaciją. Nustatyti slaugytojo vaidmenį mokant pacientus stomos priežiūros pagrindų, mitybos ir maudymosi ypatumų, kasdieninių įpročių pokyčius pooperaciniame laikotarpyje. Įvertinti slaugytojo vaidmenį, sprendžiant pacientų psichologines problemas. Tyrimo populiacija. VšĮ VU ligoninėje „Santariškių klinikose“ Pilvo chirurgijos centre gydyti 46 pacientai. Tyrimo metodai. Tyrimo objektas - slaugytojo vaidmuo rengiant pacientus stomos formavimui. Šiam tyrimui buvo naudojamas anketinės tiesioginės apklausos metodas. Apklausai atlikti buvo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>A number of stoma patients is increasing both in the world and in Lithuania. Although there has been a considerable progress in surgery techniques and stoma care instruments in Lithuania during the last decade, the preparation of patients for stoma surgery and after-surgery care is still insufficient. Stoma surgery still remains an urgent issue in the physical, social, financial, sexual and psychological aspects. So far the investigation of patients education and the role of medical nurses in preparing patients for stoma surgery was scarce, although lately it is receiving more attention. For this reason, we decided to evaluate the role of medical nurse in preparing patients for stoma surgery. Object of study: to evaluate the role of medical nurse in preparing patients for life with stoma. Tasks of study. To establish the role of a medical nurse in selecting the optimum stoma location. To define the role of a medical nurse in providing patients with information about stoma during pre-surgery period. To define the role of a medical nurse in educating patients on the basic care of stoma, nutrition and bathing peculiarities, also changes in daily habits during the post-surgery period. To define the role of a medical nurse in solving psychological problems of patients. Population of study. 46 patients treated in the Abdominal Surgery Centre of Vilnius University Hospital “Santariškių Clinics“. Methods of study. Object of study: the role of a medical nurse in preparing patients for... [to full text]
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17

Turba, Žana. "Pacientų su žarnyno stomomis stacionarinės priežiūros poreikiai ir slaugos ypatumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20110709_151607-46537.

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SANTRAUKA Pacientų su žarnyno stomomis stacionarinės priežiūros poreikiai ir slaugos ypatumai Slaugos magistrantūros studentė Turba Ž. Darbo vadovas – doc. Simutis G. Vilniaus universitetas, Medicinos fakultetas, Vidaus ligų pagrindų ir slaugos katedra Vilnius, 2006 birželio 14 Pacientų su žarnyno stomomis problemos ir priežiūros poreikiai pooperaciniu periodu yra aktualus šiuolaikinės slaugos klausimas. Darbo tikslas: nustatyti, kokie yra pacientų su žarnyno stomomis stacionarinės priežiūros poreikiai ir slaugos ypatumus pooperaciniu periodu. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Anketavimo būdu nustatyti pacientų problemas po žarnyno stomos suformavimo operacijos ankstyvuoju pooperaciniu periodu. 2. Ištirti pacientų lūkesčius po žarnyno stomos suformavimo operacijos. 3. Įvertinti, ar atitinka slaugytojų teikiamos priežiūros paslaugos pacientų poreikius po žarnyno stomos suformavimo operacijos. 4. Nustatyti priežiūros ypatumus pacientų po žarnyno stomos suformavimo operacijos. 5. Įvertinti slaugytojų kompetencijas slaugant pacientus su žarnyno stomomis. Tyrimui buvo panaudotas anketinės apklausos ir statistiniai dokumentų analizės metodai. Apklausai naudoti du klausimynai. Apklausta 30 pacientų po žarnyno stomos suformavimo operacijos ir 64 slaugytojos dirbančios pilvo chirurgijos skyriuose Vilniaus miesto klinikinėse ligoninėse. Atlikta 73 ligos istorijų statistinė analizė. Rezultatai ir išvados: 1. Dažniausios pacientų problemos po žarnyno stomos suformavimo operacijos yra nerimas, baimė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>SUMMARY Requirements of hospital care and nursing features in patients with intestinal stomas Master Final Work by Nursing Department Student Turba Ž. Research Adviser–Docent Simutis G. Vilnius University, Medical Faculty, General Medicine Practice and Nursing Department Vilnius, June 14, 2006 The problems of patients with intestinal stomas and the requirements of their care after surgery are the major questions in the nursing nowadays. Aim of the investigation: to define the hospital care needs and nursing features for patients who underwent surgery with the formation of intestinal stomas. Tasks of the investigation: 1. To define problems during early postoperative period after stoma formation using the method of survey. 2. To analyze the expectations of patients after stoma formation. 3. To evaluate if the nursing services are efficient for patients after intestinal stoma formation. 4. To define nursing features after intestinal stoma formation. 5. To evaluate the competence of nurses in providing care for patients with intestinal stoma formation. The methods of survey using two questionnaires and statistic analysis of documents were used. 30 patients with intestinal stomas and 64 nurses of surgical departments in Vilnius hospitals were questioned. The analysis of 73 cases was performed. Results and conclusions: 1. The most common problems after intestinal stoma formation are fear and concern with the quality of life (70%), postoperative pain (67%), lack of knowledge of... [to full text]
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18

Corrêa, Elaine Cristina. "PREVALÊNCIA DA MOSCA-DOS-ESTÁBULOS, STOMOXYS CALCITRANS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), EM DIFERENTES SUBPRODUTOS DE USINA SUCROALCOOLEIRA." Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, 2012. http://tede.ufgd.edu.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/444.

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Submitted by Cibele Nogueira (cibelenogueira@ufgd.edu.br) on 2017-04-03T18:50:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 ELAINECORREA.pdf: 614098 bytes, checksum: 7199635bc636ac52e6b15ffc1f53a2a4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T18:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ELAINECORREA.pdf: 614098 bytes, checksum: 7199635bc636ac52e6b15ffc1f53a2a4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-17<br>A significant increase in the abundance of flies, particularly Stomoxys calcitrans and Musca domestica, has been observed in sugarcane production areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence and development capacity of S. calcitrans in various sugar and alcohol byproducts, measuring the species richness and species composition of these substrates. The work was conducted from January to December 2011, using four byproducts: bagasse, mulch, filter cake and mulch plus vinasse. Each monthly, 20 emergency traps were distributed in each substrate and remained active for four weeks per month. The specimens were classified, labeled and identified at the Entomology Laboratory of UFGD. During the whole period a total of 43,903 flies were caught, distributed in 20 families and 37 species. Among muscids, S. calcitrans (n = 4,049) and M. domestica (n= 2,764) were the most abundant species. The four substrates studied showed significant differences in the abundance of S. calcitrans. Filter cake and vinasse were the substrates with the greatest mean abundance of stable fly. Although the filter cake presented a relatively higher capacity of producing flies, the more extensive area covered by mulch plus vinasse resulted in a potentially greater production of stable fly. In general, the high capacity of stable fly production in byproducts of the sugarcane mill helps to explain the recent population explosions of this species in the region.<br>Um aumento na abundância de dípteros, particularmente Stomoxys calcitrans e Musca domestica, tem sido observado em áreas de produção sucroalcooleira. Objetivou-se avaliar a prevalência e a capacidade de desenvolvimento de S. calcitrans em diferentes subprodutos sucroalcooleiros, como a riqueza e a composição de espécies presentes nesses substratos. A coleta foi realizada de janeiro a dezembro de 2011, usando quatro subprodutos: bagaço da cana, palha, torta de filtro e palha com vinhaça. Foram distribuídas mensalmente 20 armadilhas de emergência em cada substrato, mantidas ativas por quatro semanas/mês. Os espécimes capturados foram triados, etiquetados e identificados no Laboratório de Entomologia da UFGD. Foram coletados durante todo o período 43.903 espécimes de dípteros, distribuídos em 20 famílias e 37 espécies. Dentre os muscídeos, S. calcitrans (n=4.049) e M. domestica (n= 2.764) foram as espécies mais abundantes. Os quatro substratos amostrados apresentaram diferenças significativas na abundância de S. calcitrans. A torta de filtro e a palha com vinhaça foram os substratos que apresentaram maior abundância da mosca-dos-estábulos. Embora a torta de filtro apresente maior capacidade com relação à produção de S. calcitrans, a extensa área coberta por palha com vinhaça resulta em uma produção potencialmente muito maior de moscas desta espécie. De modo geral, a elevada capacidade de desenvolvimento da mosca-dos-estábulos em subprodutos da usina contribui para explicar as explosões populacionais desta espécie ocorridas recentemente na região.
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19

Rochon, Kateryn, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Persistence and significance of E. Coli in house flies (Musca Domestica) and stable flies (Stomoxys Calcitrans)." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2003, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/233.

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The persistance of Escherichia coli in the larval, pupal and adult stages of both house flies, Musca domestica (L.), and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L). was examined. Abundance of E.coli declined over time in immature house flies, but remained constant in immature stable flies, suggesting house fly larvae digest E. coli but stable fly larvae do not. Survival of house fly and stable fly larvae averaged 62% and 25% respectively when reared on pure E. coli cultures. E. coli load in pupae decreased significantly one day before emergence of adult house flies, but remained constant until stable fly emergence. Nevertheless, E. coli was detected in 78% of emerging house flies and in 28% of emerging stable flies. House flies are more important E. coli vectors as adults, whereas stable flies may be overlooked vectors of E. coli during immature development.<br>ix, 89 leaves ; 28 cm.
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20

Moraes, Ana Paula Rodrigues. "Stomoxys calcitrans: Estabelecimento de col?nia e efeito de Metarhizium anisopliae sobre seus est?gios imaturos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/742.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Ana Paula Rodrigues Moraes.pdf: 1193160 bytes, checksum: 61d4adc426c0fdbeab75966756651ece (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-27<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>Stomoxys calcitrans is a hematophagous fly that is related to reduction in animal production due to the stress and dissemination of pathogens. The knowledge in plague control, using entomopathogenic fungi, has been growing year by year, but few works have been done to control S. calcitrans. The aims of this study were rearing a colony of S. calcitrans to make a bioassay of microbial control, verify the pathogenic potential of Metarhizium anisopliae in eggs, larvae and pupae and access three methods of egg s exposition to the studied fungi. After methodologies adaptation of rearing S. calcitrans that are described in literature, the colony was maintained in the Laborat?rio de D?pteros Hemat?fagos - UFRRJ. The bioassays were done in the Laborat?rio de Controle Microbiano de Atr?podes de Import?ncia Veterin?ria - UFRRJ, using the strain 959 of M. anisopliae in a water suspension. In the first method, eggs were immersed in the suspension (2.2 ? 108 conidia /ml and dilutions) and transferred to Petri plates with hydrophilic cotton. In the second methods (2.3 ? 108 conidia/ml and dilutions), eggs were immersed and transferred to the larval rearding medium. In the third method (2.1 ? 108 conidia/ml and dilutions), eggs were put in the larval rearding medium surface and one aliquot of fungus suspension were added. Larvae with nine days of development were immersed in suspension (2.1 ? 108 conidia/ml and dilutions) and after that were transferred to the larval rearding medium while pupae with 16 days of development were immersed in suspension (2.3 ? 108 conidia/ml and dilutions) and were held in Petri plates. Experiments were carried out with 107, 106 and 105 concentrations of conidia/ml and positive and negative controls. The mortality was assessed on the 10th day after fungus exposure. It was verified high mortality in all treated and control groups in the first method of eggs exposure. In the other two methods the eggs exposed to 108 conidia/ml concentration were 100% unviable. In the second method the eggs was 92.5% unviable and the third method was 53.33% both in 107 conidia/ml concentration. The subsequent concentrations did not show significant difference when compared to controls, neither between two methods of fungi exposure. Larvae and pupae exposure did not show statistic difference between treated and controls groups. Metarhizium anisopliae suspensions in high concentrations were capable to make unfeasible eggs of S. calcitrans; however, it did not happen in larvae and pupae experiments, in which fungi did not prevent their development. The second method was the best one to control immature forms of S. calcitrans but the third one resembles the nature conditions, in which has significant result only in the highest fungi concentration. Experimental methodologies that simulate nature conditions may optimize the utilization of fungi in arthropods control, in a way that it does not modify its action when applied in the field.<br>Stomoxys calcitrans ? uma mosca hemat?faga associada ? redu??o da produtividade, devido ao estresse causado aos animais e a dissemina??o de pat?genos. O conhecimento do controle de pragas, utilizando fungos entomopatog?nicos, vem crescendo no decorrer dos anos, por?m poucos trabalhos t?m sido realizados visando o controle de S. calcitrans. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer uma col?nia de S. calcitrans direcionada ao bioensaio de controle microbiano, verificar o potencial patog?nico de Metarhizium anisopliae sobre ovos, larvas e pupas, e ainda, avaliar tr?s m?todos de exposi??o dos ovos ao fungo estudado. Ap?s adapta??o das metodologias de cria??o de S. calcitrans descritas na literatura, a col?nia foi mantida no Laborat?rio de D?pteros Hemat?fagos UFRRJ. Os bioensaios foram realizados no Laborat?rio de Controle Microbiano de Artr?podes de Import?ncia Veterin?ria UFRRJ, onde foi utilizada a cepa 959 de M. anisopliae para elabora??o das suspens?es aquosas. No primeiro m?todo, os ovos foram imersos na suspens?o (2,2 x 108 con?dios/ml e dilui??es) e transferidos para placa de Petri contendo algod?o hidr?filo. No segundo m?todo (2,3 x 108 con?dios/ml e dilui??es) os ovos foram imersos e transferidos para o meio de desenvolvimento larval. No terceiro m?todo (2,1 x 108 con?dios/ml e dilui??es), os ovos foram depositados sobre a superf?cie do meio de desenvolvimento larval e uma al?quota da suspens?o f?ngica foi adicionada. As larvas com nove dias de desenvolvimento foram imersas na suspens?o (2,1 x 108 con?dios/ml e dilui??es) e transferidas para o meio de desenvolvimento larval, enquanto que as pupas de 16 dias de desenvolvimento foram imersas na suspens?o (2,3 x 108 con?dios/ml e dilui??es) e depositadas em placas de Petri. Foram utilizadas dilui??es na concentra??o de 107, 106 e 105 con?dios/ml e controle positivo e negativo. A mortalidade foi avaliada no d?cimo dia ap?s exposi??o, onde foi observado se ocorria mudan?a de est?gio. Foi verificada alta mortalidade em todos os grupos (tratados e controles) no primeiro m?todo de exposi??o de ovos. Nos outros dois m?todos, foram obtidos 100% de inviabilidade dos ovos expostos ? concentra??o de 108 con?dios/ml. No segundo m?todo, houve 92,5% de inviabilidade dos ovos, enquanto que no terceiro m?todo, a inviabilidade foi de 53,33%, ambos na concentra??o de 107 con?dios/ml. As concentra??es subseq?entes n?o apresentaram diferen?a significativa frente aos controles e nem entre os dois m?todos de exposi??o f?ngica. Nas exposi??es de larvas e pupas n?o ocorreu diferen?a estat?stica entre os tratamentos e os controles. Suspens?es de M. anisopliae em altas concentra??es s?o capazes de inviabilizar ovos de S. calcitrans, entretanto, isto n?o ocorreu em larvas e pupas, pois o fungo n?o impediu o desenvolvimento destes. O m?todo mais efetivo para o controle das formas imaturas de S.calcitrans foi o segundo m?todo, entretanto, o que mais se assemelha ?s condi??es naturais seria o terceiro, onde foi obtido resultado significativo apenas na maior concentra??o f?ngica. A ado??o de metodologias experimentais que simulem condi??es naturais pode otimizar a utiliza??o de fungos no controle de artr?podes, de forma que sua a??o n?o seja comprometida, quando aplicados no campo.
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21

Abdally, Mohammed H. "A study of the midgut (reservoir zone) and haemolymph lectins of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans." Thesis, Bangor University, 1997. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-the-midgut-reservoir-zone-and-haemolymph-lectins-of-the-stable-fly-stomoxys-calcitrans(790cf2be-b640-4a22-bd1f-57364b20b50f).html.

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Although it is sympatric with tsetse flies, Stomoxys calcitrans is not a biological vector of trypanosomes. It is known that haemolymph (HL) and midgut reservoir zone (RH) lectins regulate parasitic infections in some dipteran insects. Agglutinins (lectins) were detected in HL and RH from unfed stable flies (maximum titre 2-6). Increased haemagglutination activity resulted post-feeding (maximum titre 2- 16 - 2- 18). Optimum titres varied according to agglutinogen type and mammalian blood source. Rabbit erythrocytes produced the highest haemagglutination titres followed by human group B, human group 0, horse, human group A, human group AB and sheep. Stomoxys haemagglutination activity was found to be 1.5 - 2.5 times stronger than that of Glossina. Whole blood-fed flies produced the highest titre (2-18), compared to glucose-fed insects, against rabbit erythrocytes. Anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei titres ranged from 2-6 - 2-7 in both tissues. Similar results were obtained with Leishmania hertigi and Crithidia!asciculata. Purification of the samples was performed in order to draw conclusions with confidence regarding the physico-chemical properties of the agglutinins (lectins) and in order to determine the molecular weight of the agglutinins. Protein contents ofHL and RH samples of flies aged < 12 hours to 3 days were determined. They were 25 - 28 mg/ml and 6.4 mg/ml respectively. Protein contents increased with age reaching 32 mg/ml for HL and 7.2 mg/ml for RH at day 14 post-emergence (p.e.). The contents then started to decrease reaching 22 mg/ml for HL and 5.6 mg/ml for RIi at day 28 p.e. Purified lectins constitute 4.3% of the total protein contents in RH samples (having molecular weights of 26,302 Da, 16,218 Da and 14,028 Da) and, approximately twice, 9.47% of the total protein contents, in HL samples (having similar molecular weights of 28,300 Da, 16,218 Da and 14,600 Da). HL and RH anti-parasite and anti-erythrocyte agglutinins (lectins) were basic glycoproteins in nature, calcium ion dependent for activity, heat labile, freeze-thaw sensitive and required slightly acid to alkaline pH conditions for optimum agglutination. Lectins were specific for galactosyl and glucosyl moieties. In vivo sugar inhibition of RH lectin activity resulted in three-fold increased S. calcitrans mortalities post- T.b. brucei infection, compared to the controls, suggesting a lectin parasite-killing function. However, sugar inhibition of lectins did not lead to transformation of trypanosomes to procyclic forms or to infection of the fly.
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Sharif, Shukri. "Stomoxys calcitrans : évaluation du rôle dans la transmission de Besnoitia besnoiti et nouveaux moyens de contrôle." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0052/document.

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La mouche charbonneuse, Stomoxys calcitrans, est une mouche hématophage commune et cosmopolite. Elle est le vecteur de nombreux agents pathogènes dont Besnoitia besnoiti, une coccidie parasite des bovins à l’origine de la formation de kystes cutanés. La compétence vectorielle de S. calcitrans pour B. besnoiti reste cependant mal connue. Dans ce travail, la persistance des formes bradyzoites et tachyzoites de B. besnoiti a été évaluée sur les pièces buccales et dans le tractus digestif des mouches. Dans ces conditions expérimentales, B. besnoiti persiste deux jours au maximum chez les stomoxes. La destruction rapide du parasite chez ce vecteur suggère que la transmission vectorielle mécanique ne peut avoir lieu que très peu de temps après un repas contaminant sur un hôte bovin infecté. De plus, nous avons étudié la capacité des stomoxes à transmettre les formes bradyzoites ou tachyzoites à des lapins, utilisés ici comme animaux modèles de besnoitiose. Des repas interrompus de stomoxes ont été réalisés sur des bovins en phase chronique de besnoitiose (source de formes bradyzoites dans leur peau) ou bien sur du sang contaminé avec des tachyzoites de culture. Le repas a ensuite été complété sur des lapins. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que 300 stomoxes sont suffisants pour transmettre des bradyzoites virulents d’un bovin à un lapin qui a montré des signes de besnoitiose aigue et une séroconversion. Dans la troisième partie de ce travail, des méthodes alternatives aux insecticides ont été testées afin de proposer des stratégies de contrôle efficaces et pérennes contre ces vecteurs. L’attractivité pour les stomoxes de sept types d’écrans bleus, présentant entre eux de légères variations de réflectance autour de 460 nm, a été étudiée, de même que les facteurs influençant l’efficacité des pièges (hauteur par rapport au sol, orientation est ou ouest de l’écran, proximité de différents hôtes ou d’un tas de fumier). Les résultats ont montré une très grande attractivité, de très hauts niveaux de capture et une grande sélectivité de tous les écrans testés. Un total de 164692 stomoxes a été capturé au cours de l’étude (soit 24 jours de piégeage avec 4 écrans par jour et 8 heures par jour). La moitié inférieure des écrans a capturé la majorité des stomoxes (70%), de même, le nombre de stomoxes capturés par la partie de l’écran orientée à l’Est est plus important que sur la face orientée à l’Ouest. Ces éléments soulignent l’intérêt de cetype de dispositifs dans la lutte contre les stomoxes<br>The Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a common and worldwide-distributed blood-feeding fly. It is the vector of numerous pathogens including Besnoitia besnoiti, a cyst-forming coccidian parasite of cattle. Vector competency of S. calcitrans for B. besnoiti remains poorly understood. We investigated here the persistence of bradyzoites and tachyzoites forms of B. besnoiti on mouthparts and in digestive tract of S. calcitrans. In experimental conditions, B. besnoiti proved to persist until two days in stable flies. The fast destruction of parasite within this vector suggests that mechanical transmission could occur a short time only after a contaminated blood meal. Moreover, we investigated the competence of stable flies to transmit immediately B besnoiti bradyzoites and tachyzoites to susceptible rabbits after an interrupted blood meal on chronically infected cows (source of bradyzoites) or on a tachyzoite-contaminated blood meal. The results show that 300 S. calcitrans only were able to transmit virulent bradyzoites to rabbits which suffered from clinical signs of acute besnoitiosis and seroconverted. In the third part of this study, we examined sustainable methods as alternative to insecticides but efficient to control this pest. Seven different types of blue screens, with slight differences in their reflectance around 460 nm, were tested in order to evaluate their attractiveness for stable flies and to determine the factors associated with the efficiency of trapping (height of screens, east versus west side of blue screen, proximity of different hosts and manure). The results showed high attractiveness, high number of captures and very high selectivity of all tested screens, with a total number of 164692 stable flies during the study (24 days of capture, 4 blue screens per day, 8 hours per day). The results showed that the lower part of the blue screens caught the majority of stable flies, whereas the east orientation was the most attractive which caught up to 60 % of the total number captured of stable flies. Taking together, these results are highlighting the interest of these new devices in the future control of stable flies
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23

Albuquerque, Thais Aguiar De. "Diversity and effect of the microbial community of aging horse manure on stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) fitness." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14191.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Entomology<br>Ludek Zurek<br>Stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) are blood-feeding insects with a great negative impact on livestock resulting in annual losses around $2 billion in the USA alone. One of the main reasons for such an impact is because stable fly management is very difficult. Stable fly larvae develop primarily in animal manure and live bacteria were shown to be essential for stable fly development. I hypothesized that the microbial community of horse manure changes over time and plays an important role in stable fly fitness. Two-choice bioassays were conducted using 2 week old horse manure (control) and aging horse manure (fresh to 5 week old) to evaluate the effect of manure age on stable fly oviposition. The results showed that fresh manure did not stimulate oviposition and that the attractiveness increased as manure aged but started to decline after 3 weeks. Stable fly eggs artificially placed on 1, 2, and 3 week old manure resulted in significantly higher survival and heavier adults comparing to those developing in fresh, 4, and 5 week old manure. Analysis of the bacterial community of aging horse manure by 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA revealed a major shift from strict anaerobes (e.g. Clostridium, Eubacterium, Prevotella, Bacteroidales) in fresh manure to facultative anaerobes and strict aerobes (e.g. Rhizobium, Devosia, Brevundimonas, Sphingopyxis, Comamonas, Pseudomonas) in 1-5 week old manure. Identified volatile compounds emitted from 2 and 3 week old horse manure included phenol, indole, p-cresol, and m-cresol. However, none of them stimulated stable fly oviposition in two-choice assays. In conclusion, the microbial community of 2 and 3 week old horse manure stimulates stable fly oviposition and provides a suitable habitat for stable fly development. Manure at this stage should be the main target for disrupting the stable fly life cycle. Volatile compounds acting as oviposition stimulants/attractants and their specific bacterial origin remain to be determined. Better understanding of stable fly microbial ecology is critical for development of novel management strategies based on alteration of the microbial community of stable fly habitat to generate a substrate that is non-conducive to fly oviposition and/or larval development.
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24

Spornaja, Liudmila. "Perioperacinis pacientų stomos priežiūros apmokymo ir informavimo įvertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20110709_151617-60680.

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Stomos suformavimo operacija – viena labiausiai traumuojančių asmenį psichologiškai, todėl labai svarbu, kad būsimas stomuotas pacientas būtų tinkamai paruoštas pokyčiams, įvyksiantiems po operacijos bei gyvenimui su stoma. Lietuvoje stomuotų pacientų priežiūra vis dar yra nepakankama. Ši darbo tema pasirinkta siekiant atkreipti dėmesį į tai, kad reikalinga organizuota ir kvalifikuota pagalba stomą turintiems pacientams. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti perioperacinį pacientų stomos priežiūros apmokymą ir informavimą. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti pacientų apmokymą bei informavimą prieš stomos suformavimo operaciją. 2. Įvertinti pacientų apmokymą bei informavimą po stomos suformavimo operacijos. 3. Nustatyti slaugytojos veiklos svarbą bei kokybę perioperaciniu laikotarpiu. 4. Palyginti pacientų su kolostomom ir ileostomom apmokymą ir informavimą. Tyrimo objektas – pacientų stomos priežiūros apmokymas ir informavimas. Tyrimas atliktas Vilniaus universiteto Onkologijos instituto abdominaliniame chirurgijos skyriuje. Tirti pacientai, kuriems per 2005 metus (2005m. sausio 1d. – 2005 m. gruodžio 31d.) dėl tiesiosios žarnos vėžio buvo suformuota kolostoma arba ileostoma. Duomenys buvo renkami apklausos būdu, anonimiškai anketuojant stomuotus pacientus priešpaskutinę arba paskutinę jų gulėjimo stacionare dieną. Sudarytoje anketoje reikėjo atsakyti į 25 klausimus. Tokiu būdu buvo surinkta 110 anketų iš galimų 137 anketų per 2005 metus. Remiantis atlikto tyrimo duomenimis, priešoperacinis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>Operation on stoma formation is one of the most psychologically traumatic so it is of vital importance to ensure that would-be patient with stoma is prepared for changes after operation and life with stoma. The attendance of such patients is still insufficient in Lithuania. This subject was chosen with intention to spotlight the need for organized and qualified help for people with stoma. Objective - assessment of preoperative care and induction of patients with stoma. Tasks: 1. Evaluate the induction and training of patients before operation on stoma formation; 2. Evaluate the induction and training of patients after operation on stoma formation; 3. Estimate the importance and quality of nursing during preoperative care; 4. Compare the induction and training of patients with Colostoma and Ileostoma. Research objective – training and induction of patients on stoma care. Research was conducted in the Abdominal Surgery Department of Oncological Institute of Vilnius University. Patients who due to rectum cancer had colostoma and ileostoma formed during 2005 (the 1st of January 2005 – the 31st of December 2005) were examined. An anonymous questionnaire of 25 questions was given for in-patients during their last days in hospital to gather data. Thus, 110 forms of 137 possible were collected during year 2005. According to research preoperative induction of patients on care of stoma is much lesser (28,2 %) compared to induction after operation (90,9 %). In 78 % of cases the optimal... [to full text]
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25

Rochon, Katreyn. "Vector Potential of Stable Flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) for the Transmission of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11282008-160747/.

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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a globally significant viral disease of swine. The link between outbreaks in separate farms within an area remains unclear despite biosecurity measures. We have investigated the vector potential of stable flies in the transmission of PRRSV under laboratory conditions. We first determined that blood seeking stable flies are attracted to pigs by olfactory cues. We determined stable flies could acquire the virus through a bloodmeal, and the amount of virus in the flies declined with time, indicating the virus does not replicate in fly digestive tissues. Transmission of the virus to naïve pigs failed in all attempts. The volume of blood contained in the closed mouthparts of the stable fly appears to be insufficient to deliver an infective dose of the virus. We further examined the fate of PRRS virus in the hemolymph of the flies following a midgut barrier bypass. Virus levels were up to 9,500 times greater in the hemolymph when compared to those detected in the digestive tract at the same time point. Further study to test the saliva of inoculated stable flies for presence of the virus is needed to determine if PRRS virus can enter and escape stable fly salivary glands. Although stable flies are unlikely vectors of PRRS virus between animals, they may play a role in virus dissemination by harboring the virus and contaminating the environment.
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26

Massariol, Péricles Boechat. "ALTERAÇÃO DA CARGA DE ECTOPARASITAS E DAS PROPRIEDAES ORGANOLÉPTICAS DO LEITE DE VACAS DA RAÇA HOLANDESA SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ALHO NA ALIMENTAÇÃO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10711.

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Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effect of suply of garlic in the feed on the alteration of load of tick, horn fly and stably fly and domestic fly. The treatments were garlic at 100g (A100) and 200g cow-1 (A200) for three days, Amitraz at 0.025% (Am) and negative control group. Engorged ticks were evaluated with lengh superior to 4.0 mm and flys before and at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 14thday after treatment. In the 1st, 2nd, 3rd days after treatments, milk samples were taken for flavor evaluation on raw milk and soft cheese Minas-Frescal. The efficacy of treatments were 27.34; 12.31; e 97.05% for (A100), (A200) e (Am), respectively. Commercial ectoparasiticide was more efficacious in the control of ticks. Garlic show low efficacy on control tick and inefficacious in control of flies. In these treatments, no residual garlic flavor or taste was detected on milk and cheese.<br>Dezesseis vacas de raça Holandesa em lactação foram utilizadas para avaliar o efeito da administração de alho na alimentação sobre a alteração da carga de carrapato, mosca-doschifres, mosca dos estábulos e mosca doméstica. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por alho a 100g (A100) e 200g vaca-1 (A200), por três dias, o amitraz a 0,025% (Am) e pelo grupo controle negativo. Para avaliação foram contadas as fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapato com comprimento superior a 4 mm e as moscas antes da aplicação e no 1o, 2o, 3o, 4o, 5o, 6o, 7o e 14o dia após a aplicação de cada tratamento. No 1o, 2o e 3o dia pós-tratamento foram coletadas amostras de leite para avaliação das propriedades organolépticas do leite cru e do queijo Minas-Frescal. A eficácia dos tratamentos foi de: 27,34; 12,31; e 97,05% para (A100), (A200) e (Am), respectivamente. O antiparasitário comercial (Am) foi o mais eficaz no controle de carrapatos. O alho apresentou baixa eficácia no controle do carrapato e ineficácia no controle das moscas. Nestes tratamentos, não foi detectado odor ou sabor de alho no leite e no queijo.
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27

Agnolin, Carlos Alberto. "Óleo de citronela no controle de ectoparasitas de bovinos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10727.

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This research was aimed to evaluate in vivo effects of citronella oil on cattle ectoparasites. Two experiments with different levels of citronella oil (I) and the relationships with phytotherapic and the synthetic acaricide (II) were evaluated. In experiment I, twenty Holstein cows were allocated in four groups of five animals. The treatments were: negative control, amitraz at 0.025% and citronella oil at 3 and 4%. Engorged ticks and flies (horn fly, stably fly and domestic fly) were evaluated on animals before (mean of days -3, -2, -1) and at 3; 7 and 14 days after treatment. The efficacy of control ticks was 89.2; 36.5 and 35.8% for amitraz and citronella oil at 3 end 4% respectively, on 14th day post-treatment. Lower control of flies was observed for phytotherapic treatments. In experiment II, fifteen Holstein cows were allocated in three groups of five animals. The treatments were: negative control, amitraz at 0.025% and citronella oil at 4%. Engorged ticks and flies were evaluated on animals before (mean of days -3, -2, -1) and at 7; 14; 21 and 28 days after treatment. In 28 days there was need to reapply the amitraz to control engorged ticks. The relationship among the number of application was the 1:2.5 for amitraz and citronella oil, respectively. The efficacy in control ticks were 71.8 and 30.9% for amitraz and citronella oil at 4% respectively. Lower control of flies was observed for phytotherapic treatment.<br>O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar in vivo diferentes níveis de óleo de citronela em ectoparasitas de bovinos. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com diferentes níveis de óleo de citronela (I) e a relação de banho entre o produto fitoterápico e um acaricida sintético (II). No experimento I, foram utilizadas 20 vacas da raça Holandês, distribuídas em quatro grupos de cinco animais cada um. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo controle negativo, amitraz a 0,025%, óleo de citronela a 3 e 4%. Para avaliação foram contadas fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapato e moscas (mosca-dos-chifres, mosca-dos-estábulos e mosca doméstica) antes (média dos dias -3, -2, -1) e após a aplicação dos produtos nos dias 3; 7 e 14. A eficácia no controle do carrapato foi de 89,2; 36,5 e 35,8% para o amitraz e óleo de citronela a 3 e 4%, respectivamente. Verificou-se baixo controle de moscas nos tratamentos constituídos pelo fitoterápico. No experimento II, foram utilizadas 15 vacas da raça Holandês, distribuídas em três grupos de cinco animais cada um. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo controle negativo, amitraz a 0,025% e óleo de citronela a 4%. Para avaliação foram contadas fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapato e moscas antes (média dos dias -3, -2, -1) e após a aplicação dos produtos nos dias 7; 14; 21 e 28. Aos 28 dias, houve necessidade de se reaplicar o amitraz para controlar a infestação com carrapato. A relação entre o número de aplicações foi de 1:2,5 para amitraz e citronela, respectivamente. A eficácia no controle do carrapato foi de 71,8 e 30,9% para o amitraz e óleo de citronela a 4%, respectivamente na média pós-tratamento. Verificou-se baixo controle de moscas no tratamento constituído pelo fitoterápico.
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28

Saladžinskas, Žilvinas. "Kvalifikuotos ir kokybiškos pagalbos stomuotiems pacientams organizavimo problemos stacionarinėse asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050616_121644-36326.

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Qualified assistance for stoma patients in Lithuania is insufficient. Failure to provide preoperative information to patients results in not only physical, but also psychological trauma, which negatively affects the patients’ postoperative quality of life. Physicians and nurses have insufficient information about stoma care. In Lithuania, there have been no studies that would evaluate the organization of assistance for stoma patients. The aim of the performed study was to identify the drawbacks in the assistance for stoma patients in hospitals, and to propose measures for the elimination of these drawbacks. Methods and results. During the study, several investigations were performed, including questionnaire-based inquiry of patients for the evaluation of their post-operative quality of life following stoma formation, and the inquiry of patients for the comparison of the importance of preoperative and postoperative training on stoma care. The inquiry was performed using standardized quality of life questionnaires EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3), EORTC QLQ-CR38, and additional questionnaires aimed at the evaluation of the convenience of the stoma site and the influence of preoperative and postoperative training on the quality of life during the distant postoperative period. For the second inquiry, three groups of subjects were formed. The first group included patients in whom optimal site of the stoma was selected before the operation, who were provided with full information on... [to full text]
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29

Reissert, Sophia [Verfasser]. "Occurrence and distribution of insecticide resistance in stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) on dairy farms in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany / Sophia Reissert." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/117663206X/34.

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30

Castro, Bruno Gomes de. "Avalia??o do papel de Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) na veicula??o de Escherichia coli causadora de mastite bovina e outros agentes bacterianos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/828.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008- Bruno Gomes de Castro01.pdf: 514321 bytes, checksum: bd4fc9254117e81edaedf3e2ba5305e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-01<br>Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro<br>This study had the objective of evaluating the capacity of Stomoxys calcitrans fly to vehicular bacterial agents causing bovine mastitis. Just as evaluate the enterobacterian microbiota on the external surface, mouth parts and abdominal digestive tract of the stable fly. And also realize a survey of the bacterial microbiota of the cases of bovine mastitis on the visited properties. There were taken mastitis milk samples and 20 specimens of stable flies on 10 visited properties in the municipatility of Barra Mansa and Resende, Rio de Janeiro State. The collected milk was submitted to bacterial isolation in the laboratory of Bacteriology UFRRJ. Samples were subcultures on MacConkey (MC) agar, Brain-Heart Infusion agar (BHI) and Manitol-Phenol Red agar. The flies were individually washed in BHI broth, sterilized and had its mouth parts and abdominal intestinal content dissected under stereoscope microscope. These structures were macerated in BHI broth and, after 24 hours at 37 ?C, subcultured at MC agar, Agar Eosin Methilen Blue (EMB) and enriched in Sodium Tetrathionate Broth after incubation, and were subcultured in Salmonella-Shigella agar. After this stage, each isolated colony was observed for differences in morphology as size and pigment production characteristics to be identified through biochemical specific tests. It was also realized an antimicrobial resistance test to verify to which antibiotics the isolated bacteria were sensible. When were coincidences between the enterobacterian species in the milk and on the flies evaluated segments, was realized a Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) as an instrument of evaluating the genetic diversity and the eletrophoretic profile similarity the bacterial subpopulations. In agreement with the obtained results, was verified that the mastitis milk had as etiological agents specially the species Staphylococcus aureus, coagulasenegative staphylococci and Escherichia coli. The antimicrobials with less resistance rate were Amoxilin-Clavulanic Acid and Norfloxacin. Regarding to the enterobacterian microbiota verified on S. calcitrans segments, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae e Salmonella spp were the most prevalent bacteria. The segment with the higher number of isolations was the external surface, with 73 (45.91%) distinct colonies isolated. The mouth parts had 46 (28.93%) colonies and the abdominal digestive tract 40 (25.16%) isolated colonies. The eletrophoretic profile similarity happened just on E. coli subpopulations on milk samples and S. calcitrans segments of the same property. This way, was possible to observe that the flies do not act as a vehicle of any bovine mastitis causative E. coli. Regarding to the identified E. coli, was verified that 13.79% were Shiga Toxin-Producing, and the genes stx1, stx2 and eae were identified. On the present study, was verified that this fly has the capacity to act as vehicle to enterobacterian, on its external surface as well as inside its body. The stable fly control may contribute to the improvement on animal productivity and sanity.<br>Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade da mosca Stomoxys calcitrans em veicular agentes bacterianos causadores de mastite bacteriana bovina, bem como avaliar a microbiota enterobacteriana na superf?cie externa, aparelho bucal e trato digest?rio abdominal da mosca dos est?bulos; e fazer um levantamento da microbiota bacteriana nos casos de mastite bovina das propriedades visitadas. Foram coletadas amostras de leite com mastite e 20 esp?cimes da mosca dos est?bulos em 10 propriedades visitadas nos munic?pios de Barra Mansa e Resende, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. No Laborat?rio de Bacteriologia da UFRRJ foi realizado o isolamento bacteriano do leite coletado em Agar MacConkey (MC), Agar Infuso C?rebro Cora??o (BHI) e Manitol Vermelho de Fenol. As moscas foram lavadas individualmente em Caldo BHI, esterilizadas e, sob a luz de um microsc?pio estereosc?pio, tinham seu aparelho bucal e conte?do intestinal abdominal dissecado. Estas estruturas foram maceradas em Caldo BHI e ap?s 24 horas a 37 ?C repicados em Agar MC, Agar Eosina Azul de Metileno (EMB) e enriquecidos em Caldo Tetrationato de S?dio que ap?s incuba??o, era repicado em Agar Salmonella-Shigella. Ap?s esta etapa, cada col?nia isolada era avaliada quanto ?s suas caracter?sticas morfo-tintoriais para serem identificadas atrav?s de testes bioqu?micos espec?ficos. Tamb?m foi realizado o teste de resist?ncia antimicrobiana, com a finalidade de se verificar, as quais antibi?ticos as bact?rias isoladas foram sens?veis. Quando havia coincid?ncia de esp?cies enterobacterianas no leite e nos segmentos avaliados das moscas, se realizava a t?cnica de an?lise do polimorfismo dos segmentos de DNA obtidos por amplifica??o rand?mica (RAPD-PCR) como instrumento de avalia??o da diversidade gen?tica e das rela??es de clonalidade entre estas subpopula??es bacterianas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi verificado que o leite com mastite, teve como principais agentes etiol?gicos as esp?cies Staphylococcus aureus, Estafilococos Coagulase Negativa (ECN) e Escherichia coli. Os antimicrobianos com menor taxa de resist?ncia foram Amoxicilina/?cido Clavul?nico e Norfloxacina. Com rela??o ? microbiota enterobacteriana verificada nos segmentos de S. calcitrans, foi observado que Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae e Salmonella spp foram as bact?rias mais prevalentes. O segmento com o maior n?mero de isolados foi a superf?cie externa, onde foram isoladas 73 col?nias distintas (45,91%), seguida pelo aparelho bucal com 46 col?nias (28,93%), e pelo trato digest?rio abdominal com 40 col?nias isoladas (25,16%). Houve clonalidade apenas de sub-popula??es de E. coli entre as amostras de leite e de segmentos de S. calcitrans de uma mesma propriedade. Desta forma, foi poss?vel observar que as moscas n?o veiculavam nenhuma E. coli causadora de mastite bovina. No que se refere ?s E. coli identificadas, foi verificado que 13,79% eram Shiga-Toxig?nicos, sendo identificados os genes stx1, stx2 e eaeA. No presente estudo, verificou-se que esta mosca tem a capacidade de veicular enterobact?rias, tanto em sua superf?cie externa como no interior de seu corpo. O controle da mosca dos est?bulos poder? contribuir para melhora na sanidade e produtividade animal.
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31

Costa, Valmir Antonio. "Parasitóides pupais (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) de musca domestica L., 1758, Stomoxys calcitrans (L., 1758) e Muscina stabulans (Fallén, 1816) (Diptera, Muscidae) em aviários de Echaporã, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 1989. http://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-20181127-161329/.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer um levantamento dos parasitóides pupas de Musca domestica,Stomoxys calcitrans e Muscina stabulans (Diptera, Muscidae), em uma granja de aves poedeiras de Echaporã (região de Assis-SP). O método empregado foi o da coleta de pupas que ocorriam naturalmente no esterco sob as gaiolas das aves. As amostragens foram quinzenais, realizadas durante o período de maio de 1988 a maio de 1989. As pupas se encontram sob o esterco nas porções com teor de umidade entre 45 e 64%. Os micro -himenópteros encontrados parasitando pupas de Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans e Muscina stabulans foram Spalangia cameroni, S. endius, S. gemina, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Pteromalidae), Eurytoma sp. (Eurytomidae) e Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Encyrtidae, parasitóide de larva-pupa), que foi a espécie mais frequente, abundante e constante. Além, destes, ocorreram ainda Spanlangia drosophilae e S. nigroaenea, mas apenas em Stomoxys calcitrans<br>This study was conducted at a narrow type of caged-layer poultry house in Echaporã, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The objective was to survey pupal parasites of Musca domestica L., Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) and Muscina stabulans (Fall.) (Diptera, Muscidae). Fly pupae were bi-weedly collected from manure, from May, 1988 to May, 1989. Mostly of them were hidden in manure portions where moisture rates ranged from 45 to 64% (x=58%). The following species were recorded: Spalangia cameroni Perkins, S. endius Walker, S. gemina Boucek, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) and Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) which showed the highest rates frequency, abundance and constancy. Spalangia drosophilae and S. nigroaenea were only found parasitizing Stomoxy calcitrans pupae
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32

Bitome, Essono Paul Yannick. "Identification, écologie et utilisation des diptères hématophages (glossine, stomoxe et tabanide) comme moyen d'échantillonnage non-invasif de la faune sauvage dans quatre parcs du Gabon." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS048/document.

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Avec la mise en place des politiques de conservation des espèces sauvages, l'extension de l'urbanisation et l'accroissement des populations humaines, le contact homme-faune a considérablement augmenté au cours de ces dernières décennies. Par conséquent, le nombre de maladies d'origines zoonotiques a explosé avec six apparitions d'agents infectieux par an, dont 75% sont susceptibles d’être transmises par un vecteur. La plupart de ces maladies n'ayant pas encore de vaccins, les principales méthodes d'évitement sont basées sur les stratégies de lutte anti-vectorielle adaptées à l'écologie et au comportement alimentaire des vecteurs. Au Gabon, particulièrement dans les parcs nationaux, nous avons identifié six espèces de glossines (Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. fuscipes fuscipes, G. fusca congolense, G. pallicera newsteadi, G. caliginea et G tabaniformis) vivant principalement en milieux forestiers, six espèces de stomoxes (Stomoxys calcitrans, S. inornatus, S. niger niger, S. niger bilineatus, S. omega omega et S. transvittatus) inféodées aux milieux ouverts types forêt secondaire, savane et villages. Nous avons également identifié six espèces de tabanides (Ancala sp., Atylotus sp., Chrysops sp., Haematopota sp., Tabanus par et T. taeniola), mais leur distribution n'était pas claire dans les milieux prospectés. Par ailleurs, nous constatons que ces mouches hématophages ont un régime alimentaire très diversifié, comprenant les mammifères terrestres et aquatiques, les reptiles et les oiseaux. Elles se nourrissent à 86% sur la faune, contre seulement 14% sur l'homme. Cependant, dans les milieux anthropisés les repas sanguins d'origine humaine sont très importants, notamment dans les villages (100%) et autour des camps de recherche implantés dans les parcs (24%). Ainsi en l'absence de faune dans le milieu, ces mouches hématophages se nourrissent sur l'homme. Comme 75% des maladies émergentes chez l'homme proviennent de la faune sauvage et que près de ¾ d'entre elles circulent via le sang, elles sont donc susceptibles d’être détectées dans les repas sanguins de mouches hématophages. Cette technique d'échantillonnage non-invasif de la faune sauvage semble être un bon moyen d'identifier les agents infectieux à ADN (plasmodiums et trypanosomes), mais reste encore imprécise pour les agents infectieux à ARN (arbovirus)<br>The contact between human and wild fauna has considerably increased during these last decades due to the increase of human population size but also to conservation policies. As a consequence, the number of zoonotic diseases soared with a mean of six new infectious diseases per year, 75% of whom being vectorially transmitted. The way to avoid the human contamination by these emergent diseases is based on the efficient vector control resulting from a deep knowledge of the ecology and the feeding behavior of the different vector species. During our work, we have identified and characterized the ecology of 6 tsetse species (Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. fuscipes fuscipes, G. fusca congolense, G. pallicera newsteadi, G. caliginea and G. tabaniformis) that live in forests and 6 stomoxe species (Stomoxys calcitrans, S. inornatus, S. niger niger, S. niger bilineatus, S. omega omega and S. transvittatus) that live in and around (anthropized places) conservation areas. We have also identified 6 tabanid species (Ancala sp., Atylotus sp., Chrysops sp., Haematopota sp., Tabanus par and T. taeniola). The feeding ecology of the tsetse species have been studied through the determination of host extracted from blood meals in the insect caught with molecular techniques. These hematophagous insects had a diversified diet that was constituted of diverse mammal species but also reptiles and birds. The food intake results mostly from wild fauna (86%) and more rarely from humans (14%). However, in anthropised habitats (villages and research’s camps within the parks), the blood intakes from human origin were important, in particular in the villages (100%), suggesting that without wild fauna the flies shift on human host. In the last part of our work, we tried to identify pathogens in the blood samples extracted from the tsetse species in order to test whether these species could be used as living sampling syringe of the wild fauna. This new proposed non-invasive sampling techniques allowed to detect the DNA of various infectious agents (plasmodiums and trypanosomes), but failed to detect the RNA of viruses (arbovirus) suggesting that this approach could be useful but need to be improved
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33

D’Amico, Frank. "Rôle de "Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead 1910" dans la transmission des trypanosomes bovines en Afrique centrale : Le cas de la zone d'élevage d'Ouro-Djafoun (République centrafricaine)." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20214.

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L'élevage bovin en RCA est constitué essentiellement de zébus Mbororo trypanosensibles. Leur activité pastorale, s'articulant autour de trois domaines (aire de repos, abreuvoir et pâturage), les expose à trois espèces de trypanosomes : T. Congolense, T. Vivax et T. Brucei. Au centre du pays, en rapport probable avec le mode de conduite pastorale, les prévalences sont plus faibles chez les veaux que chez les adultes mais sont comparables chez les taureaux et chez les vaches. Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead 1910, espèce inféodée aux galeries forestières et opportuniste sur le plan trophique, héberge au moins cinq espèces de trypanosomes : T. Grayi, T. Simiae, T. Congolense, T. Vivax et T. Brucei. Le taux d'infections matures des trois derniers est de 0,60%. Cette glossine est considérée comme le vecteur principal de ces parasites en les transmettant aux bovins, au niveau des abreuvoirs. Les stomoxes, en particulier Stomoxys Nigra Macquart 1851, seraient des vecteurs accessoires, en assurant une transmission mécanique de ces trypanosomes, au niveau de l'aire de repos du bétail. Le piège bipyramidal, utilisé dans ce travail pour l'échantillonnage des populations de Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, est également un excellent outil de lutte contre cette glossine. Disposé à l'abreuvoir, il en abaisse les densités et rajeunit ses populations. La conséquence directe est une baisse des prévalences trypanosomiennes bovines (6,37% contre 16,63% en l'absence de piégeage)
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34

Li, Chia-Ning, and 盧佳寗. "Population dynamics of stable fly (Stomoxys spp.) in dairy farms and the phylogeographical analysis of Stomoxys calcitrans in Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26810715395130013573.

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碩士<br>中興大學<br>昆蟲學系所<br>103<br>Stable fly (Diptera: Musidae, Stomoxys) is a global blood sucking pest, most found in the place related with animal activities especially in cattle. When the population density reached certain amount, stable fly could cause enormous economic loss by reducing the milk production, losing body weight and arrested development. In this study, the white coroplast sticky board trap was applied to survey the population densities of stable fly in dairy farms located in Dounan township of Yunlin county and Liuying district of Tainan city from March 2013 to February 2014. The population density of stable fly in Taiwan showed bimodal with one peak in March, another peak in August (Dounan) or September (Liuying). The data were analyzed with meteorological factors both 60 days and 30 days before each collection. The population in Liuying is positively correlated with wind speed, sunshine hours and relative humidity 60 days before survey. It was also positively correated with relative humidity and negatively correlated with rainy days data 30 days prior although the P value was larger than 0.05. In Dounan, the population density of stable fly correlated with temperature showed positive correlation in both 60 days and 30 days prior. The wind speed of 60 days earlier also positively correlated with population density of stable fly in Dounan. The differences in both farms indicate that other factors, such as sanitation, might affect the population density dynamics. Nonparametric analysis illustrated that stable fly population distributed unevenly in dairy farm. In addition, the sides of collecting boards that facing the barn could collect more individuals than the other sides in Dounan. The Stomoxys calcitrans are the most abundant one in dairy farms, followed by S. sitiens. Great proportion of S. calcitrans lasted in whole year, except during autumn the S. calcitrans and S. sitiens proportion was nearly 50 to 50 percent in Liuying. To understand the genetic composition and the population structure of stable fly in Taiwan, genes sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI), 16S rDNA and the nuclear intergenic spacer 2 (ITS2) of 110 individuals from 13 counties were analyzed. Phylogenetic inferences, including the sequences from Genbank, based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences analysis revealed that there were two distinct lineages of stable fly found in Taiwan, although sequences of 16S rDNA and ITS2 showed no divergent pattern. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed stable flies in Taiwan could be considered as one group judged by the low variation among populations. Moreover, low differentiation index (FST) as well as no relationship existed in pairwised nucleotide differences to the relevant geographical distances also suggest the efficient gene flow has been occurred in populations among counties. Data calibrated by the strict molecular clock with COI and 16S sequences indicates stable fly had diverged into two lineages ca. 0.35 million years ago. Lineage A including most samples from Taiwan and few from Thailand informs that the possible origination of Taiwanese stable fly is same with Thailand. While lineage B which is associated with the worldwide population including Europe, North America, and the eastern Asia indicates the other possible origination.
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35

Haas, Merrilee Susan. "Characterization of aging bovine manure in relation to stable fly (Diptera: muscidae) adult and larval presence." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/22064.

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36

Rochon, Katreyn. "Vector potential of stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) for the transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus." 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11282008-160747/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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37

Evert, Maria Magdalena. "The temporal distribution and relative abundance of stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) (Diptera: Muscidae) in a feedlot near Heidelberg, Gauteng, South Africa / Maria Magdalena Evert." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13323.

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The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) is a haematophagous fly that feeds primarily on the forelegs of cattle stimulating a range of avoidance behaviours in confinement situations such as feedlots. From literature it is apparent that stable flies associated with feedlots have a significant impact on cattle especially with regard to economic parameters such as a decline in feed intake and thus a lower average daily gain resulting in less meat production due to irritation caused by painful bites. The abundance of the stable flies was studied in a large commercial feedlot near Heidelberg from October 2012 to September 2013. Two tsetse fly traps, namely the NZI and the Vavoua fly traps, were used and evaluated in determining the seasonal abundance of the stable flies. The tsetse traps proved to be most effective for sampling stable flies compared to other designs. The NZI and Vavoua tsetse type trap were compared and although there were no significant difference the NZI trap proved to be more reliable and user friendly for this study. Stable flies were more abundant from late December with a peak in numbers late in January through February and became less abundant from early March. Minimum to no fly abundance occurred in the winter months from May to June 2013. The data indicated a strong edge effect for the stable flies, the flies were more abundant in pens and corridors that were surrounded by vegetation, manure run off and holding ponds. The numbers collected in traps were correlated with stable fly counts on the cattle to be used in calculating a future threshold in chemical control. Preliminary observations on the influence of temperature, wind speed and rainfall were also made. This research will form part of a larger project to determine an integrated fly management program for the feedlot.<br>MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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