To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Stoneware.
Journal articles on the topic 'Stoneware'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Stoneware.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Aydin, Tuna, Osman Bican, Recep Gümrük, and Hamdi Kuleyin. "Development of optical, microstructural and mechanical properties of porcelain stonewares." Science of Sintering 53, no. 1 (2021): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos2101079a.
Full textAbstract:
New production systems developed in recent years made it possible to improve different aesthetic appearance and large sizes for porcelain stonewares. In order to produce these tiles, optical and mechanical properties of the porcelain stonewares should be improved. Optical and mechanical properties also related with microstructure. In this study, spodumene, alumina and zircon were used to improve the microstructure of the porcelain stonewares and consequently their optical and mechanical properties. The wear resistance of porcelain stonewares is the one of the most important mechanical properties. In this study, a different test method was used because the existing wear test methods on the tiles were insufficient. The solid particle impingement method using alumina particles was used to determine wear resistance of the porcelain stoneware bodies.
2
Normal, I. Nyoman, and Wiryawan Suputra Gumi. "PENGARUH KOMPOSISI BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP BIAYA BAHAN BAKU, HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI, DAN PRODUKTIVITAS MASSA BODI BL PADA UPT PSTKP BALI-BPPT TAHUN 2014." Forum Manajemen 13, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.61938/fm.v13i1.104.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of this research that relate raw material composition intoproduction process of BL (BL1X, BL2, BL1, BL3) stoneware were: (1) To know theinfluence of raw material composition to raw material cost loading stoneware BL;(2) To know the influence of raw material composition to cost of good manufacturedcalculation; and (3) To know the influence of raw material composition toproductivity.The research results shew that: (1)The increasing of raw material composition kalblend clay on production process of BL stoneware could decrease raw material cost of BL stoneware. For that, if the UPT PSTKP Bali want to decrease raw materialcost of BL stoneware, so it could act by increase composition of kalblend clay in thatraw material mixing; (2) The increasing of raw material composition kalblend clayon production process of BL stoneware could decrease cost of goods manufacturedBL stoneware. For that, if the UPT PSTKP Bali want to decrease cost of goodsmanufactured BL stoneware, so it could act by increase composition of kalblend clayin that raw material mixing; and (3) The increasing of raw material compositionkalblend clay on production process of BL stoneware could decrease productivityof BL stoneware. For that, if the UPT PSTKP Bali want to decrease cost of goodsmanufactured BL stoneware, so it could act by increase composition of kalblend clayin that raw material mixing
3
Tussniari, Putu Ekayani Sri, I. Gusti Agung Putra Adnyana, and Made Cingah. "Characterization Porosity on Ceramic Body Stoneware Based Kalimantan Clay." BULETIN FISIKA 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2018.v19.i01.p02.
Full textAbstract:
It has been made ceramic body stoneware using a mixture of Kalimantan clay, RRC feldspar, Belitung kaolin, Belitung quartz and Bukit Jimbaran limestone further coded BPC-1. This study aims to determine the value of dry shrinkage, the effect of sintering temperature of 900oC and 1200oC against firing shrinkage, and the influence of sintering temperature of 900oC and 1200oC against porosity in the ceramic body stoneware. Ceramic stoneware burned with a temperature variation of 900oC and 1200oC. The results show the value of dry shrinkage in ceramic stoneware of 2.9%. Stoneware ceramic firing shrinkage at a temperature of 900 oC combustion of 1.3%, and the combustion at a temperature 1200oC of 3.8%. Porosity ceramic stoneware at a temperature of 900oC combustion showed porosity of 10.5%, while the combustion at a temperature 1200oC of 5.5%. Show that the combustion temperature greatly affects the value of dry shrinkage, firing shrinkage and porosity of stoneware ceramics. The higher the combustion temperature the higher the shrinkage and the decreasing the porosity.
4
Normal, I. Nyoman, and Wiryawan Suputra Gumi. "PENGGUNAAN TANAH MELILING UNTUK PEMBENTUKAN STONEWARE KI DAN ANALISIS HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DENGAN STANDAR SEBAGAI DASAR PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN BISNIS." Forum Manajemen 10, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.61938/fm.v10i1.19.
Full textAbstract:
Abstracts Meliling blend is a blend that come from Meliling (Tabanan) that fulï¬ ll laboratory Standard as raw material of stoneware, so that it could use to produce stoneware KI at UPT PSTKP Bali. The analysis of cost of goods manufactured stoneware KI use standard costing. Standard costing is predetermine cost whichmust expenditured to produce unit product or to paid special operation. Standard cost systems was design to cost control, be important tool to evaluate judgement that was setting. The aims of this research were : (1) To knew the Meliling blend can use to produce stoneware KI; (2) To knew cost of good manufactured stoneware K1 bystandard cost systems; and (3) To knew ussefull of standard costing stoneware KI for business decision. The research results shew that : (1) The Meliling blend can use to produce stoneware KI by the mixing with the other material, that is : Meliling blend 50%, kaolin 20%, Lodoyo feldspar 20%, ball clay 8%, and talcum powder 2%; (2)Cost of good manufactured stoneware K1 by standard cost systems was Rp 2.799,25 each kg, but its actual cost was Rp 2.659,47 each kg. Cost of good manufacturedstoneware by the standard cost systems was bigger about Rp 139,77 than actual cost systems, because there were different into computation ways of raw material, different loading of direct labour cost, and different loading of manufacturing overhead cost (variable and ï¬ xed);and (3) Standard cost applicationof stoneware KI is very useful into business decision making for stoneware product, that is : a) As a tool of control, b) As a tool of decision making, c) As a tool of rasional cost measurement, and d) Asa tool of recording cost economizing.
5
Abdul Bakil, Siti Natrah, Rosniza Hussin, and Abu Bakar Aramjat. "Effects of Soda Lime Silicate Content on Industrial Stoneware Bodies Prepared by Pressing Method." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.71.
Full textAbstract:
Stoneware clay includes ball clay in every respect except that do not sintering to a white product. Indeed, stoneware containing soda lime silicate could improve physical and mechanical properties. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate influence of soda lime silicate content on industrial stoneware bodies with different weight percent (wt%) at sintering temperature 950 °C and 1100 °C. Rectangular sample were produced by uniaxial pressing at 40 MPa. Chemical composition was determined by using XRF. The thermal behavior was determined by thermogravimetric and different thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for microstructure analysis. The water absorption of the sample was determined using Archimedes’ method. The mechanical strength of stoneware bodies is important for many type applications and can be determined by measuring flexural strength (MOR). The water absorption decreased with optimum weight percent (wt%) of soda lime silicate into industrial stoneware bodies. The experimental result showed that desirable properties of stoneware bodies can be achieved with 5 wt% of soda lime silicate. As conclusion, optimum 5 wt% of soda lime silicate will influence physical and mechanical properties of industrial stoneware bodies.
6
Abdrakhimova, E. S., and V. Z. Abdrakhimov. "The effect of chemical production waste ― aluminum-alkali sludge on the phase composition of porcelain stoneware." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-1-46-51.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of aluminum-alkali sludge on the phase composition of porcelain stoneware based on kaolin clay has been studied. Porcelain stoneware with high physical and mechanical properties was obtained. at a firing temperature of 1250 o C. X-ray phase and IR-spectroscopic analyses showed the presence of quartz, cristobalite, mullite, corundum and glass phase in the porcelain stoneware, and the content of the latter is not less than 50 %. High physical and mechanical parameters (strength, frost resistance, heat resistance, etc.) corundum and mullite give porcelain stoneware. RF patent 2768886 was obtained for the developed formulations. Ill. 4. Ref. 20. Tab. 3.
7
Natrah, S., R. Hussin, and A. B. Aramjat. "Effects of Soda-Lime-Silica Glass and Borax Decahydrate as Alternative Fluxing Agents on the Stoneware Physico-Mechanical Properties." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 2 (July 4, 2019): 6649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.2.2019.13.0500.
Full textAbstract:
Stoneware especially tableware is manufactured by mixing the clay, quartz and flux such as feldspar. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of two alternative fluxing agents namely; soda-lime-silica glass (SLS), and borax decahydrate (BD) on characterization, and physico-mechanical properties of stoneware to demonstrate its suitability for tableware production. SLS and BD are incorporated into stoneware at the dosage of 5 %, and 10 % by weight, respectively. The sample was performed by uniaxial pressing (40 MPa) sintered at 1000, 1050, 1100, and 1150°C (2 hours soaking time) to establish minimum sintering temperature. Bulk density, water absorption, and modulus of rupture (MOR) were measured for each sample. Characterization of XRF, XRD, and SEM was carried out and discussed. Results indicated SLS, BD showed higher physico-mechanical properties and vitrified at 1050-1100°C, lower than normal temperature applied for stoneware (1150°C). Consequently, it was determined that the usage of SLS and BD as fluxing agent in stoneware is possible.
8
Normal, I. Nyoman, and Wiryawan Suputra Gumi. "AKUNTANSI BAHAN SISA STONEWARE BSK-4 PADA PRODUKSI ASBAK COKLAT (D 11,0 CM – T 5,5 CM)." Forum Manajemen 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.61938/fm.v13i2.115.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of this research were: (1) To know the cost of goods manufacturedBSK-4 stoneware; (2) To know the accounting treatment of scrap material; (3)To know the influence of accounting treatment of scrap material to cost of goodsmanufactured brown astray; and (4) To know the influence of accounting treatmentof scrap material to net profit margin brown astray. The research results shew that:(1) The the cost of goods manufactured BSK-4 stoneware was Rp 2.633,76 each kg.The BSK-4 stoneware is a work in process goods, because it was an result from production process of quartz, kaolin, Kalimantan clay, RRT feldspar, andit was araw material to produce ceramics goods that is brown astray; (2) The productionprocess of brown astray (d 11,0 cm - h 5,5 cm) based Kalimantan clay create scrapmaterial, that is BSK-4 stoneware about 3% or 0,012 kg. Its scrap material wasnot sold and its creating was caused by its ordering characteristic. The accountingtreatment of BSK-4 stoneware annihilation cost was load on brown astray order,by debit of work in process goods - raw material cost, and credit of raw materialcost; (3) The accounting treatment of scrap material BSK-4 stoneware was influenceof cost of goods manufactured brown astray. Cost of goods manufactured brownastray before accounting treatment of scrap material was Rp 19.801,35, and afteraccounting treatment of scrap material was Rp 19.819,35 each unit, so it wasdecrease Rp 18,00 each unit; and (4) The accounting treatment of scrap materialBSK-4 stoneware was influence of net profit margin brown astray. Net profit marginbrown astray before accounting treatment of scrap material was Rp 2.780,44, andafter accounting treatment of scrap material was Rp 2.784,56 each unit, so it wasdecreaseRp 4,12 each unit.
9
Normal, I. Nyoman, and WIRYAWAN SUPUTRA GUMI. "ANALISIS BIAYA STANDAR DALAM MENENTUKAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI STONEWARE BERBAHAN BAKU UTAMA LEMPUNG KALIMANTAN DAN MANFAATNYA BAGI KEPUTUSAN BISNIS PADA UPT PSTKP BALI – BPPT." Forum Manajemen 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.61938/fm.v10i2.36.
Full textAbstract:
Standard costing is predetermine cost which must expenditured to produceunit product or to paid special operation. Standard cost systems was design to costcontrol, be important tool to evaluate judgement that was setting. The aims of thisresearch were : (1) To knew cost of good manufactured stoneware that main rawmaterial of kalimantan blend by standard cost systems; and (2) To knew usefull ofstandard costing for business decision. The research results shew that : (1) Costof good manufactured stoneware that main raw material of kalimantan blend bystandard cost systems was various base on the composition use. The smallest costof good manufactured stoneware was XID composition about Rp 1.628,02 each kgand the biggest was FRC-1 composition about Rp 2.028,68 each kg. Cost of goodmanufactured stoneware by the standard cost systems was bigger than actual costsystems, because there were different into computation ways of raw material, differentloading of direct labour cost, and different loading of manufacturing overhead cost,except the XID composition was smaller; (2) Standard cost application is very usefulinto business decision making for stoneware product, that is : a) As a tool of control,b) As a tool of decision making, c) As a tool of rational cost measurement, and d) Asa tool of recording cost economizing.
10
Tangboriboon, Nuchnapa, Sukritchai Teeraroengrit, Pattara Chawhuaymhak, Jirarat Kamonsawas, Sairung Changkhamchom, and Anuvat Sirivat. "Efficient stoneware hand mold for slip casting in natural rubber latex glove preparation." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 36, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 262–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477760619895013.
Full textAbstract:
Disposal medical gloves are an important product to maintain hygienic conditions, ensuring security for patients and safeguarding against infections. They are used in many fields, such as dental and medical, beauty and cuisine, food and pharmaceutical industries. Presently, aging populations and an emerging middle class in developing countries require medical gloves at a higher volume. Therefore, the demand for medical gloves increases continuously. In this work, two types of hand molds were prepared from stoneware clay and plaster to be used in the natural rubber glove preparation. The ceramic stoneware and plaster hand molds were prepared by the slip casting. The obtained stoneware hand molds were found to be superior to the commercial hand molds. Natural rubber latex (NRL) gloves were fabricated by dipping the stoneware hand mold coated with a coagulant into the NRL compound using the sulfur curing system at 120°C for 30 min. The latex solid:water weight ratio, drying and firing temperatures, and firing time used to prepare stoneware hand molds were found to affect the adsorption–adhesion properties between the mold surface and the NRL films. The obtained NRL films were further characterized for the physical properties such as appearance, film thickness, tackiness, and effusion of the phase formation by X-ray diffraction, the microstructure by scanning electron microscope, and the mechanical properties. The NRL glove films prepared by the stoneware hand mold possessed the high percentage elongation at break and the maximum load stress equal to 1343.30 ± 78.36% and 12.74 ± 2.34 MPa, respectively. On the other hand, the latex glove films prepared by the plaster hand mold with 80 consistency provided the percentage of elongation at break and the maximum load stress equal to 531.76 ± 2.54 and 21.01 ± 0.08 MPa, respectively.
11
Fedorenko, O. Yu, M. I. Ryshchenko, S. V. Kartyshev, L. O. Yashchenko, and O. Ya Pitak. "Investigation of the sintering kinetic and development of ceramic masses for obtaining large-format porcelain stoneware in the conditions of high-speed firing." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 120 (December 30, 2020): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.120.16.
Full textAbstract:
The paper considers the resource and energy saving reserves in the production of large-format stoneware slabs. The possibility of replacing high-quality feldspars with materials of technogenic origin, such as the extraction and processing waste of various feldspar-bearing rocks of domestic deposits has been investigated. The possibility of sintering process intensification has been investigated, as a condition for the use of high-speed firing modes in the stoneware production. As a result of the carried out studies, the kinetic features of ceramic masses sintering with alkaline syenites, granites and pegmatite enrichment wastes as fluxing component were determined. The formation conditions of densely sintered materials with a complex of high operational properties have been determined. The expediency of replacing Turkish feldspars with waste products of alkaline syenites has been established, while the level of physical, mechanical and operational properties of stoneware slabs meets the requirements of international standards. It is shown that, the use of complex flux, including feldspar-bearing rocks waste and dolomite, provides a significant decrease in the firing temperature of products (up to 1150 °C) while maintaining a high level of properties of stoneware slabs of class BІa. The obtained data indicate the possibility of optimizing the heat treatment parameters from the view point of energy saving with the further use of alternative fluxes in the large-format stoneware production. On the example of using the alkaline syenites wastes, the optimal ratios of the clay and fluxing components of ceramic masses have been established to obtain products with a complex of high performance characteristics when burning white clays of different chemical and mineral composition, which is a necessary condition for using a wide range of decorating techniques stoneware slabs. The structural-phase features of materials obtained under the conditions of high-speed firing are established: the formation of finely dispersed acicular mullite, which plays the role of a reinforcing component, as well as high structural homogeneity and maximum compaction, as evidenced by a few individual small pores presence.
The combination of excellent technical qualities and large dimensions opens up new possibilities for the use of stoneware slabs as structural elements (countertops, ventilated facades, insulating panels for the installation of electrical systems, etc.).
12
Dec, Weronika, Beata Cwalina, Joanna Michalska, and Daria Merkuda. "Growth of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans Biofilm on Glass, Concrete and Stoneware." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.286.
Full textAbstract:
Biofilms formed by various microorganisms are often responsible for microbiologically induced corrosion of materials exposed to moisture. Many bacteria strains may form biofilms on different mineral materials including concrete and stoneware. Among them, the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of Acidithiobacillus genus, especially of A. thiooxidans species play an essential role in these materials' destruction. In the present study we observed comparable intensity of A. thiooxidans growth on concrete and glass, and slower biofilm formation on stoneware. Prolongation of incubation time caused an increase in biomass of A. thiooxidans biofilm formed on glass and stoneware. Amongst the investigated mineral materials, the concrete proved to be the most susceptible to deterioration by A. thiooxidans bacteria.
13
Pavlova, Irina A., A. S. Kiyko, and Elena Farafontova. "Effect of Chemical Composition of Glassy Phase of Porcelain Stoneware on Product Brittleness." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.254.
Full textAbstract:
During the operation of porcelain stoneware sometimes there is a type of defects associated with crumbling from the edge of tile. In addition, cracks occur when a small object is fallen and during transportation of the products. Compared to conventional ceramic floor tiles, porcelain stoneware has increased strength, which explains its high price. The brittle failure is most likely, due to the hardening of glassy phase of tiles during cooling stage of the firing process. As a rule, the quenching temperature depends on the chemical composition of the glassy phase formed during firing. Both the phase and chemical composition of porcelain stoneware, and the chemical composition of the glassy phase are determined.
14
Yatsenko, Natalia, Alexandr Evforitsky, and Natalya Kotenko. "Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Road Surface when Replacing the Finely Crushed Mineral Part of Asphalt Concrete with Porcelain Stoneware Production Waste." Materials Science Forum 1043 (August 18, 2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1043.101.
Full textAbstract:
The possibility of using waste porcelain stoneware - a high-strength non-porous, dense material as a finely crushed mineral part of asphalt concrete with 0-5 mm fraction has been established. The adhesive additive Bitaden content was revealed, that intensifies porcelain stoneware interaction with bitumen due to the additional hydrogen bonds formation, the particles’ contact plane activation with the action of van der Waals forces. The conditions for obtaining asphalt concrete mixtures of type B, grade 1 and G, grade 2 of the optimal grain composition with a reduced content of BND 60/90 bitumen have been developed. Physical and mechanical properties are characterized by an increase in the water resistance of asphalt concrete samples based on porcelain stoneware, compressive strength and shear resistance.
15
Dec, Weronika, Beata Cwalina, Joanna Michalska, and Anita Parzentna. "Differences between A. thiooxidans and A. ferrooxidans Biofilms Formed on Concrete and Stoneware." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.290.
Full textAbstract:
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) of Acidithiobacillus genus, especially of A. thiooxidans and A.ferrooxidans species are considered as very aggressive biological factors that influences deterioration of many materials, including mineral building materials like concrete and stoneware. Biofilms formed by these bacteria play a significant role in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of various materials in conditions that ensure sufficient moisture. The aim of this work was to assess differences between A. thiooxidans and A. ferrooxidans biofilms formed on concrete and stoneware. Both strains were prone to form biofilms on concrete and stoneware. However, the type of mineral materials strongly influenced metabolic activities of the tested strains, thus providing to formation of biofilms displaying different features. The higher activities of cells were observed in biofilms of A.ferrooxidans bacteria. The higher total biomass attached to the material surface as well as concentration of proteins in liquid culture medium were observed in biofilms grown on concrete samples. The optimal time of biofilm growth on tested materials was 48 hours on concrete, and 72 hours on stoneware. Amongst materials tested, concrete samples were more susceptible to corrosion in the presence of A. thiooxidans and A. ferrooxidans bacteria.
16
Normal, I. Nyoman, and Wiryawan Suputra Gumi. "PEMANFAATAN ABU BROMO SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU STONEWARE BERKODE KLBR-1 DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERHITUNGAN VARIABEL KEUANGAN PADA UPT PSTKP BALI." Forum Manajemen 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.61938/fm.v12i2.85.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of this research that relate Bromo dust as raw material ofstoneware that Klbr-1 code were : (1) Determine production process; (2) Calculatefinancial variable that follow by: cost of good manufactured and cost price; and (3)Assess marketing mix. The research results that relate Bromo dust as raw materialof stoneware that Klbr-1 code were : (1)Bromo dust could use as raw materialof stoneware after laboratory testing of physical characteristic raw material andwas produce Klbr-1 stoneware. Klbr-1 stoneware composition follow by : noodleKalimantan blend 50%,Bromo dust 20%, sant 20%, Bukit-Jimbaran capur 5%,and Bantur ballclay 5%. The production process of Bromo dust as raw material ofKlbr-1 stonewarefollow by some of stage, tah is : preparing & weighting, grinding,filtrating, firing, deaering, aging, and storing; (2) The financial variable that relatecost of good manufactured Klbr-1 stoneware was Rp 1.605,67 each kg, that followby : raw material cost Rp 838,16, direct labor cost Rp 262,26, variable overheadcost Rp 90,30, and fixed overhead cost Rp 414,95. The cost price theoreticallysupply was Rp 1.846,52 each kg, that follow by : cost of good manufactured Rp1.605,67, expected profit margin Rp 80,26, marketing expense Rp 96,34, and general& administration expense Rp 64,22; and (3) The marketing mix of Klbr-1 stonewarewas still simple and was not comercially. Products still research stage that was notsupply on business, price was not competitive perfectly that setting depend on cost ofgood manufactured, promotion was not act professionally which itsapplication stillby self employee, and distribution still use self transportation tools that directly.
17
Normal, I. Nyoman, and Wiryawan Suputra Gumi. "PEMANFAATAN ABU BROMO SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU STONEWARE BERKODE KLBR-1 DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERHITUNGAN VARIABEL KEUANGAN PADA UPT PSTKP BALI." Forum Manajemen 12, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.61938/fm.v12i1.78.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of this research that relate Bromo dust as raw material ofstoneware that Klbr-1 code were : (1) Determine production process; (2) Calculatefinancial variable that follow by: cost of good manufactured and cost price; and (3)Assess marketing mix. The research results that relate Bromo dust as raw materialof stoneware that Klbr-1 code were : (1)Bromo dust could use as raw materialof stoneware after laboratory testing of physical characteristic raw material andwas produce Klbr-1 stoneware. Klbr-1 stoneware composition follow by : noodleKalimantan blend 50%,Bromo dust 20%, sant 20%, Bukit-Jimbaran capur 5%,and Bantur ballclay 5%. The production process of Bromo dust as raw material ofKlbr-1 stonewarefollow by some of stage, tah is : preparing & weighting, grinding,filtrating, firing, deaering, aging, and storing; (2) The financial variable that relatecost of good manufactured Klbr-1 stoneware was Rp 1.605,67 each kg, that followby : raw material cost Rp 838,16, direct labor cost Rp 262,26, variable overheadcost Rp 90,30, and fixed overhead cost Rp 414,95. The cost price theoreticallysupply was Rp 1.846,52 each kg, that follow by : cost of good manufactured Rp1.605,67, expected profit margin Rp 80,26, marketing expense Rp 96,34, and general& administration expense Rp 64,22; and (3) The marketing mix of Klbr-1 stonewarewas still simple and was not comercially. Products still research stage that was notsupply on business, price was not competitive perfectly that setting depend on cost ofgood manufactured, promotion was not act professionally which itsapplication stillby self employee, and distribution still use self transportation tools that directly.
18
Yeo, Chang Hyun. "The Characteristics and Changes of the Builders of the Ancient Tombs in Samga, Hapcheon, between the 4th and 6th Centuries, as seen from Funerary Artifacts." Yeongnam Archaeological Society, no. 87 (May 30, 2020): 109–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47417/yar.2020.87.109.
Full textAbstract:
The ancient tombs in Samga, Hapcheon, are proof of an ancient unglazed stoneware culture that follows the production and distribution systems of the inland Haman style. The stoneware excavated from Samga’s ancient tombs share similar compositions and change patterns with Haman-style stoneware. Tombs built after the early 4th century’s type I-1 separate-pit wooden chamber tombs were strikingly different from the previous tombs of Samhan Period in terms of size and the artifacts buried therein. The type I-1 wooden chamber tombs belonged to the local rulers of the Samga area in Hapcheon. This discovery suggests the emergence of a small state in the area, away from the center of Byeonhan and Jinhan, and a glimpse of the social and economic background of the builders of the Samga’s ancient tombs of that period. The early 5th century saw a temporary emergence of similar stoneware types across the Yeongnam region. The ancient tombs in Samga also held a type of stoneware culture centered on mounted cups that characterized the transitional period until the establishment of the post-Gaya stoneware style. Before the establishment of the post-Gaya stoneware style in the early 5th century, the ancient tombs in Samga already featured large wooden chamber tombs with crushed stones covering their entire lengths. The overwhelming size of the chamber and the quality of the funerary artifacts indicate that the tombs belonged to the highest rulers of western Gyeongsangnam-do as well as Samga area. The emergence of the builders of the ancient tombs in Samga in the late 5th century represents the establishment of the stratified central-tomb-peripheral-tomb system and the emergence of multi-chamber tombs in the Sogaya region. Specifically, the same assemblage and stylistic changes centered on stoneware styles appeared, with the establishment of a weaponry system focused on iron helmets and war swords. The artifacts from gigantic multichamber tombs built on hills in this period confirm the introduction and spread of foreign culture. These artifacts also show the pattern of exchange among Gaya factions in the area and their expansion. The cultures of Aragaya and, in particular, Daegaya began in the early 6th century, as can be seen from the tombs of local rulers. However, the style of the tombs implies that the multi-chamber tombs built with methods unique to the area continued until the first half of the 6th century. The funerary artifacts found in the M-2, 3, and 4 tombs in Zone I—which include iron-plate ritual utensils with bird decorations, round-pommel swords with three-leaf patterns, and horse harnesses—show that the ancient tombs in Samga are the central tombs of Sogaya, which is further supported by the internal and external capabilities of the area.
19
Horina, A., and T. Shelkovnikova. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE AND PHASE COMPOSITION OF HIGH-STRENGTH CERAMIC PRODUCTS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 8, no. 6 (April 12, 2023): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2023-8-6-17-25.
Full textAbstract:
In the course of the conducted studies, the phase components of clinker bricks and porcelain stoneware are determined by X-ray phase analysis. Microstructures of the studied samples are studied using a scanning electron microscope. The analysis of the phase composition and microstructure of the shard allows determining the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the shapes and sizes of crystals, the X-ray amorphous phase, the structure of porosity, to establish the relationship between the structure and high physical and mechanical parameters. To obtain products with high strength, it is necessary to form a monolithic structure of a ceramic shard, represented by a framework of crystalline neoplasms connected by an X-ray amorphous phase. Quartz crystals 55-65%, mullite 9-12%, cristobalite 4 – 8%, leucite 4 – 7%, hematite 1 – 4%, etc. are fixed in samples of high–strength building ceramics. Due to the different production technologies of clinker bricks and porcelain stoneware, the crystallization of mullite of various types occurs: in clinker – needle-shaped habit, in porcelain stoneware – finely dispersed. It is found that the pores have a rounded closed shape of nano- and micrometer size from 1 to 15 microns. The high content of melts in the charge for porcelain stoneware ensures the formation of a large amount of amorphous phase and its homologation of crystalline neoplasms
20
Vilarinho, Inês Silveirinha, Jorge Carneiro, Carlos Pinto, João António Labrincha, and Maria Paula Seabra. "Development of Coloured Stoneware Bodies through the Incorporation of Industrial Cr/Ni Electroplating Sludge." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041999.
Full textAbstract:
Electroplating sludge (ES) is currently disposed in landfills and, because of its heavy metal content, poses serious threats to the environment and human health. However, ES might have potential use as colouring agent due to its high concentration of chromium and nickel. Thus, the present work aims at studying the effect of ES incorporation into stoneware bodies. The influence on the final characteristics of fired samples, ES amount and pre-treatment were analysed. It was found that stoneware pastes having uniform brownish hues can be obtained with only 3 wt.% of sieved (<212 μm) ES. The obtained specimens have, once fired, the desired technical and aesthetical characteristics. Further, leaching tests confirmed the immobilisation of hazardous ES species in the ceramic matrix. Hence, it can be concluded that this waste can be used as colouring agent of stoneware pastes substituting commercial pigments and contributing to more sustainable consumption and production in the ceramic sector.
21
Trpčevská, J., J. Briančin, Ľubomír Medvecký, and K. Ďurišinová. "Microstructure and Porcelain Stoneware Properties." Key Engineering Materials 223 (February 2002): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.223.265.
Full text
22
da Silva, Antônio Carlos, J. J. Reinosa, J. S. Moya, J. F. Fernandez, and Sonia Regina Homem de Mello-Castanho. "Green Stoneware Containing Waste Metals." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.730.
Full textAbstract:
Green stoneware tiles have been produced by the incorporation of galvanic waste to industrial compositions processed from kaolinitic clay, feldspar, quartz. Some compositions with recycled domestic glass are also prepared. The galvanic waste required a calcination step to eliminate the gas forming species prior its incorporation into industrial processes. The effective absorption of metal from the galvanic waste was attained through the formation of crystalline phases. The presence of chromite type particles in the porcelain matrix acts as “in situ” to form pigments. The crystallization process also produces a higher consume of metal cations in the surrounded area of the crystalline pigments. The followed procedure allowed to effectively immobilized up to 20 wt% metal waste in a porcelain stoneware that satisfy both the mechanical and the chemical standards required to massively commercialize such a product.
23
Aguilar-García, Omar, Rafael Lara-Hernández, Azucena Arellano-Lara, José L. Gil-Vázquez, and Jaime Aguilar-García. "Increasing Bending Strength of Porcelain Stoneware via Pseudoboehmite Additions." Journal of Ceramics 2014 (April 28, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/270689.
Full textAbstract:
Pseudoboehmite nanoparticles synthesized through the desulfation of Al2(SO4)3 were used to investigate the reinforcement of commercial porcelain stoneware. Fractured specimens investigated by SEM suggest that the added pseudoboehmite precursor generated a nanometric primary mullite phase dispersed in the porcelain glassy phase that limited and stopped the intergranular crack propagation. The porcelain modulus of rupture increased twice the value of the modulus of rupture (108 MPa) as compared with that samples without pseudoboehmite additions. Pseudoboehmite also led to increased densification of porcelain stoneware bodies up to 1250°C as shown by thermodilatometry data.
24
Shvarczkopf, Valeriya È., Irina A. Pavlova, and Elena P. Farafontova. "Utilization of Porcelain Tile Polishing Residue." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.699.
Full textAbstract:
The research focuses on the properties of by-products formed in the production of porcelain stoneware: polishing residue and residue of the mixture-preparation shop. The polishing residue consists of glassy phase (80%), quartz (14%), mullite (5%). Residue of the mixture-preparation shop consists of quartz (~ 18%), muscovite (~ 6.9%), kaolinite (~ 20.5%), calcium-sodium feldspar (~ 51.4%), diopside (~ 2.98%). Polishing residue occurs when polishing porcelain stoneware to create a glossy surface and when polishing the side faces of porcelain stoneware to obtain accurate tile geometry. The particle size of the polishing residue is less than 0.2 mm, and the residue of the mixture-preparation shop is less than 40 microns. Residue of the mixture-preparation shop is formed when cleaning equipment: mills, mixers, slipways, etc. The ways of utilization of by-product are follows: as a filler for the silicate production; for polymer-cement, water-dispersion and oil paints; as a filler for the production of roofing materials, bituminous roofing mastics based on organic binders; raw materials for the production of foam glass materials and products.
25
Echarri-Iribarren, Víctor, Ángel González-Avilés, and Valentín Viqueira-Pérez. "Iridescent Techniques in Ceramics: Physico-Chemical Analysis and Colorimetric Characterization of the Headquarters of the Botín Foundation in Santander." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 12, 2019): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081521.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the use of porcelain stoneware in building envelopes has opened new lines of research and innovation favoring energy efficiency and the reduction of environmental impacts. However, there has been little research on its relationship with light vibration and reflectivity, visual perception, and integration in the urban environment and landscape. In this study, an analysis was conducted on the production and application of crafted pieces of porcelain stoneware, shaped in spherical caps, at the headquarters of the Botín Foundation in Santander (Spain). Various enamels with an iridescent-nacreous finish and metallic reflection were applied to the stoneware to generate a vibrant skin that would constantly change with natural light and the environment. A vitrification and metal deposition process were designed through successive applications of enamels and firings. The physico-chemical properties of the enameling and the microcracking factors that produced the iridescent effect were characterized. A colorimetric characterization was performed evaluating the goniochromatic or iridescent colors, measuring the spectral radiance factor of the light, and comparing these results with other ceramic pieces.
26
Shymanskaya, Hanna N., Evgeniya M. Dyatlova, and Rostislav Yu Popov. "REFRACTORY CLAY RAW MATERIALS OF REPUBLIC OF BELARUS FOR PRODUCTION OF THE PORCELAIN TILE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196212.6018.
Full textAbstract:
The possibility of replacing imported refractory clays and kaolines, which are part of porcelain stoneware mix, with refractory clay materials of the Republic of Belarus, in particular quartz-pyrophyllite-kaolinite rock and kaolin of “Dedovka” and “Sitnitsa” deposits, was explored. Porcelainised stoneware body formulations of JSC “Keramin” (Minsk, Republic of Belarus) was taken as the basis. It was found that physico-chemical properties and operational characteristics of porcelain tiles comply with the requirements of EN 14411: 2014, when adding 2.5–15.0 wt.% quartz-pyrophyllite-kaolinite rock. Incorporation of quartz-pyrophyllite-kaolinite rock in percentage higher than 15.0 wt.% resulted in reduction in the total amount of the vitreous phase of porcelain stoneware, thus increasing water absorption, apparent porosity as well as reduces flexural strength and bulk density. The main crystalline phases in the synthesized materials were quartz and mullite. It was also revealed that imported kaolines could be completely replaced by kaolines of “Dedovka” and “Sitnitsa” deposits. In this, required physico-chemical properties and operational characteristics of porcelain tiles was maintained. SEM analysis revealed that specimens synthesized using considered kaolines show quite dense microstructures, with a high degree of vitrification. The gas phase in these materials was practically absent, the presence of only individual small irregular pores was found. XRD analysis indicated that the major phases were mullite, quartz, microcline and hematite. It was hematite that gives the obtained porcelain stoneware samples a dark gray color scheme. Thus, the use of domestic refractory clay raw materials provides import substitution and declining production costs.
27
Raganowicz, Andrzej, and Józef Dziopak. "The critical condition of a sewage network." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500072.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the methodology formulated for determining the critical technical state of operating sewer pipes which is based on statistical-stochastic modeling. It describes the theoretical boundary between the area comprised of pipes that do not show any signs of damage or require only maintenance measures, and the area comprised of pipes that require renovation. The study includes concrete collectors with dimensions of DN 600/1100-900/1350 mm, stoneware pipes (DN 200-400 mm), and stoneware connections (DN 100-200 mm). The modeling phase was carried out using the Weibull distribution in combination with Monte-Carlo mathematical simulations.
28
franklin, jamie. "““In Vino Veritas””: A Stoneware Jug and the Contradictions of Temperance." Gastronomica 9, no. 3 (2009): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2009.9.3.8.
Full textAbstract:
A large, stoneware jug in the collection of the Bennington Museum bears poignant witness to the temperance movement and contradictions inherent in Americans' attitudes towards the consumption of alcohol during the mid-nineteenth century. Made in 1859 by the Norton Stoneware Factory in Bennington, Vermont, the jug is an impressive 12 gallons in size and bears a prominent cobalt decoration depicting a compote of fruit resting on a base composed of two intertwined snakes. Above this decoration, on the jug's shoulder is a clay roundel inscribed: LUMAN P. NORTON/ 12 gals/1859/ IN VINO VERITAS. In addition to the date of manufacture and capacity, this mark notes who the jug was made for, a member of the family who owned the stoneware factory, and an interesting Latin phrase that can be translated, ““in wine [there is] truth.”” The combination of this phrase, the motif of the intertwined snakes, and Luman Preston Norton's role on Vermont's temperance movement are examined to provide a window into the conflicted attitudes about alcoholic consumption that existed in mid-nineteenth-century America and the way many tried to find a balance.
29
Nugroho, Totok, Subari, Bagus D. Erlangga, Supriyadi, David C. Birawidha, and Arifin Siagian. "Examining the properties, behaviour in firing and potential application of coal mine overburden for stoneware ceramics." Mining of Mineral Deposits 17, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining17.04.109.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. A binary mixture of a ceramic body was studied, incorporating overburden from a coal mine site in Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This overburden material has been tested for the manufacture of stone-ceramic body. Methods. The initial characterization of overburden materials includes testing the chemical composition by XRF analysis and mineral content by XRD analysis on raw materials and overburden exposed to high temperature. The composition of ceramic specimens is a mixture of 85% overburden material and 15% fine sand. Firing temperatures in the range of 900-1100°C were applied to the ceramic body specimen. Then, ceramic properties, such as physical color, plasticity, shrinkage, water absorption and density were analyzed. Findings. The results show that the ceramic specimen experiences densification when exposed to high temperature in this range, which in turn contributes to low water absorption and high flexural strength. This ultimately results in low water absorption below 1.0% at 1100°C, which is favorable for stoneware type of ceramics. The mechanical properties of specimen at 1000°C is in accordance with stoneware body standard. In addition to this, it is believed to be more energy efficient, since the low firing temperature is sufficient to achieve the stoneware specification. Originality. The binary clay-based ceramic have been tested using coal mine overburden and river sand with a high Fe2O3 content. Together with the presence of alkali oxides and calcium in the raw materials, this can potentially reduce the use of fluxing agent. A comprehensive study has been conducted on the characteristics, firing effect and application of stoneware. Practical implications. Some ceramic prototypes from this result were also made using a rotary technique and heated in this temperature range. Since overburden is generally considered to be backfill material, the selective clay material application for ceramics can provide the potential to stimulate local product innovation by utilizing easily available overburden materials.
30
Fedorenko, O. Yu, Ya M. Pitak, S. V. Kartyshev, and A. A. Hrebeniuk. "Technological prospects of domestic alkaline metasomatites using in the production of technical porcelain stoneware." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics, no. 122-123 (December 27, 2023): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.122-123.13.
Full textAbstract:
Achieving the highest degree of sintering of porcelain stoneware (W < 0.5%) is the main condition of obtaining highquality products with high resistance to the simultaneous action of mechanical and abrasive loads, aggressive reagents and signchanging temperature fluctuations. The main impact in this case is dependent upon quartzfeldspathic natural material. Unfortunately, domestic Ukraine’s deposits of feldspathes are almost exhausted, while the impact of alternative fluxes is not researched on the level of technological practice. For the stable functioning of domestic industry in the market economy it is crucial to expand raw materials base and solve energysaving problems. To solve the mentioned issues, it is required to find alternative fluxing materials, which should ensure the highest degree of sintering, and therefore complex high operational product properties, in conditions of energysaving quick sintering of technical porcelain stoneware.
This study justifies the forecast estimate methodology of quartzfeldspathic materials’ usage efficiency taking into the account products’ sintering conditions. A set of theoretical and experimental studies was carried out, the results of which helped to determine the usage expediency of a range of domestic alkaline metasomatites in the production of technical porcelain stoneware tiles. The used approach to predicting the behavior of alternative raw materials made it possible to obtain data on their technological properties, in particular the characteristics of the melts formed under conditions of highspeed products firing at a temperature of 1200 °C: η = 102.05 ÷ 3.07 Pa·s, s = 0.304 ÷ 314 mN/m. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the chemicalmineral composition and properties of six different occurrences of alkaline metasomatic rocks indicate the advisability of their use as an alternative to albite concentrates imported from Turkey. Obtained new data allowed to outline the transition ways from costly feldspathic concentrates to domestic substitutes, thus allowing to eliminate of import dependence of domestic producers of porcelain stoneware tiles and large format slabs.
31
Okewu, E. Jonathan, Asheadzi Godwin Ovye, and Ngunan Patience Wombo. "Physical and Chemical Analyses of Shabu Clay for Stoneware Ceramics Production." European Journal of Fine and Visual Arts 2, no. 2 (June 26, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejart.2024.2.2.22.
Full textAbstract:
This is an experimental study that has ascertained the quality of a ceramic raw material discovered in economic value quantity in Nasarawa state, located in the middle belt region of Nigeria. Shabu settlement in the Lafia local government area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria, is the point of concern. This location has one of the largest deposits of secondary clay in the region. The advent of an art school at the Federal University of Lafia, where ceramics is offered as a course of study, has further brought this material of economic value to the limelight for use in ceramics production. For sustainable use in stoneware ceramics production and also in future industrial applications, it is necessary that Shabu clay be carried through the necessary physical and property tests to confirm what type of secondary clay it truly is in terms of chemical analysis, plasticity, shrinkage, throwing ability on the potter’s wheel and firing tests. Shabu clay was conducted through all the forgoing tests, and the findings indicate that Shabu clay contains basic oxides that are worthy of being a good working clay but have percentages of oxides that are not the same as any other clay. The plasticity test shows that the clay is plastic enough for good production processes that include hand building, throwing and slip casting. Shrinkage tests indicate higher than recommended shrinkage for good stoneware ceramics production, and as such, Shabu clay will need to be improved upon by adding Kaolin to the body to balance up the shrinkage rate. The throwing test conducted confirmed that Shabu clay had the required strength for throwing and withstood forming and pulling. Finally, Shabu clay, under two different firing tests of earthenware and stoneware temperatures, showed no sign of deforming and melting. This implies that the clay can conveniently be used for stoneware ceramics production.
32
Evforitskii, Alexander, and Natalia Yatsenko. "Estimation of the aging rate of bitumen binder in asphalt concrete based on waste from the production of porcelain stoneware." Construction and Architecture 12, no. 1 (March 22, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2023-12-1-1-1.
Full textAbstract:
The results of studies on the design of the composition of asphalt concrete mixture B1 and the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete when replacing its finely crushed mineral part with waste from the production of porcelain stoneware are presented. A method has been proposed for assessing the aging rate of bitumen binder when using technogenic material, which consists of testing the strength of asphalt concrete and extracted organic binder after heating at a temperature of 160 ºC for 1 to 7 hours, which allows us to evaluate the possibility of obtaining asphalt concrete with increased performance properties, in particular in as a result of using porcelain stoneware production waste as a fine aggregate.
33
Ferreira, Joabi Faustino, Fabiana Pereira da Costa, Luiz Fhelipe Diniz Borborema, Rafaela Reis de Arimateia, Raquel Santos Leite, Raira Chefer Apolinário, Haroldo Cavalcanti Pinto, Alisson Mendes Rodrigues, Gelmires de Araújo Neves, and Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes. "Incorporation of Bentonite Mining Waste in Ceramic Formulations for the Manufacturing of Porcelain Stoneware." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 15973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315973.
Full textAbstract:
Mining processes produce a massive amount of waste which, if not treated properly, can cause significant environmental and social impacts. Recently, some studies have focused on the use of mining waste as an alternative raw material. This work developed new sustainable ceramic formulations based on bentonite mining waste (BMW) for applications in porcelain stoneware. The BMW was incorporated into the ceramic masses in different percentages (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 40 wt.%), in partial replacement to feldspar and total to quartz. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal calorimetry (DTA), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) techniques were used to characterize bentonite waste. Samples (50 mm × 20 mm × 5 mm) were obtained by uniaxial pressing. Such samples were dried and sintered at 1150, 1200, and 1250 °C. The physical–mechanical properties (apparent porosity, water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent density, and flexural strength) were evaluated for sintered samples. The phases formed after sintering treatments were characterized by XDR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BMW presented a mineralogical composition suitable for use as ceramic raw material. In summary, our results presented that the new sustainable ceramic formulations sintered at 1250 °C have the potential for use in stoneware and porcelain stoneware.
34
Conte, Sonia, Chiara Molinari, Matteo Ardit, Giuseppe Cruciani, Michele Dondi, and Chiara Zanelli. "Porcelain versus Porcelain Stoneware: So Close, So Different. Sintering Kinetics, Phase Evolution, and Vitrification Paths." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010171.
Full textAbstract:
Five porcelain and porcelain stoneware bodies were investigated to compare sintering mechanisms and kinetics, phase and microstructure evolution, and high temperature stability. All batches were designed with the same raw materials and processing conditions, and characterized by optical dilatometry, XRF, XRPD-Rietveld, FEG-SEM and technological properties. Porcelain and porcelain stoneware behave distinctly during sintering, with the convolution of completely different phase evolution and melt composition/structure. The firing behavior of porcelain is essentially controlled by microstructural features. Changes in mullitization create conditions for a relatively fast densification rate at lower temperature (depolymerized melt, lower solid load) then to contrast deformations at high temperature (enhanced effective viscosity by increasing solid load, mullite aspect ratio, and melt polymerization). In porcelain stoneware, the sintering behavior is basically governed by physical and chemical properties of the melt, which depend on the stability of quartz and mullite at high temperature. A buffering effect ensures adequate effective viscosity to counteract deformation, either by preserving a sufficient skeleton or by increasing melt viscosity if quartz is melted. When a large amount of soda–lime glass is used, no buffering effect occurs with melting of feldspars, as both solid load and melt viscosity decrease. In this batch, the persistence of a feldspathic skeleton plays a key role to control pyroplasticity.
35
Roig-Flores, Marta, Lucía Reig, Vicente Albero, David Hernández-Figueirido, Antonio Melchor-Eixea, Ángel M. Pitarch, and Ana Piquer. "Utilisation of Ceramic Stoneware Tile Waste as Recycled Aggregate in Concrete." Buildings 13, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081968.
Full textAbstract:
The construction industry has a significant environmental impact and concrete production is responsible for a large part of CO2 emissions and energy consumption. This study focused on the reutilisation of a specific type of tiles ceramic waste (TCW), composed only of stoneware and porcelain stoneware tiles, hereafter referred to as ceramic stoneware (CS), as recycled aggregate in concrete. Natural limestone and CS aggregates (sand and gravel) were characterised (particle size distribution, water absorption, resistance to wear, density and X-ray diffraction analyses) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) was prepared by replacing 20, 50 and 100 vol.% of sand and gravel, separately. Concrete workability generally improved with CW addition, especially when replacing natural gravel. Although the compressive strengths of the concrete specimens prepared with recycled sand were slightly lower than those of the reference specimens, similar or better results were recorded with the recycled CS gravel. In consonance, the RAC developed with recycled gravel obtained lower water penetration depths than the reference concrete. No significant variation in tensile strength was observed when varying CS content (values within the 2.33–2.65 MPa range). The study contributes to sustainable construction practices and circular economy by promoting the valorisation and reutilisation of industrial waste and reducing the consumption of natural resources.
36
Tansripraparsiri, Sekporn. "Saman Tree Ash for Stoneware Glaze." Key Engineering Materials 748 (August 2017): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.748.3.
Full textAbstract:
Generally, Saman tree is a plant in the Fabaceae. (Leguminosae) subfamily Minosoideae in a large tree. There are many branches with small leaves, pink flowers with a seed pod of pink flesh..Therefore, branch and leaves of Saman tree were left and considered as unwanted materials. They were destroyed via the waste combustion process. Then, the Saman tree ash was become residues. In order to protect the environment and to increase the valuable of the bottom ash from Saman tree, the Saman tree ash glaze in Ratchaburi potteries was performed using triaxial diagram. The clay in this stoneware was chosen from Ratchaburi Province. After that, the glazing formula was then created. The gas kiln was selected. The temperature of reduction fire for glazing was 1,250 degree Celsius. The fifteen testing formula were tested by the variation of Saman tree ash, soda feldspar, and kaolin. The suitable ratio among of glaze formula Saman tree ash : soda feldspar : kaolin was Saman tree ash 5:3:2, respectively. The Stoneware prototypes were shaped as tea set by the throwing method. The results showed that the glaze of all products was glossy with light-green colour. This developed glazing process was well performed in the Ratchaburi pottery industries. In addition, the mixing between Saman tree ash and metal oxides are under investigation to create a variety of color shades.
37
Grave, Peter, Lisa Kealhofer, Miriam T. Stark, Darith Ea, Rachna Chhay, Ben Marsh, Kaseka Phon, et al. "Angkorian Khmer stoneware: production and provenance." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 40 (December 2021): 103231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103231.
Full text
38
Raimondo, M., G. Guarini, C. Zanelli, F. Marani, L. Fossa, and M. Dondi. "Photocatalytic, highly hydrophilic porcelain stoneware slabs." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 18, no. 22 (September 16, 2011): 222022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/18/22/222022.
Full text
39
Castilone, Robert J., Dattaguru Sriram, William M. Carty, and Robert L. Snyder. "Crystallization of Zircon in Stoneware Glazes." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82, no. 10 (December 21, 2004): 2819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02162.x.
Full text
40
Seabra, Maria Paula, Luciana Grave, Cláudia Oliveira, Artur Alves, António Correia, and João António Labrincha. "Porcelain stoneware tiles with antimicrobial action." Ceramics International 40, no. 4 (May 2014): 6063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.11.056.
Full text
41
Biesuz, Mattia, Woinshet D. Abate, and Vincenzo M. Sglavo. "Porcelain stoneware consolidation by flash sintering." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 101, no. 1 (August 30, 2017): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.15162.
Full text
42
El-Mehalawy, N., M. El-Omla, and Salma M. Naga. "Stoneware Tiles Based on Gneiss Rocks." Interceram - International Ceramic Review 67, no. 1-2 (March 23, 2018): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42411-018-0003-6.
Full text
43
Bykov, I. I. "Process parameters for forming cast stoneware." Glass and Ceramics 42, no. 8 (August 1985): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00704072.
Full text
44
Bernardo, Enrico, Marco De Lazzari, Paolo Colombo, Alejandro Saburit Llaudis, and Francisco Javier Garcìa-Ten. "Lightweight Porcelain Stoneware by Engineered CeO2Addition." Advanced Engineering Materials 12, no. 1-2 (February 2010): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200900280.
Full text
45
Rambaldi, Elisa. "Pathway towards a High Recycling Content in Traditional Ceramics." Ceramics 4, no. 3 (September 7, 2021): 486–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4030036.
Full textAbstract:
The present work shows the path towards the industrial production of ceramic tiles containing a high amount of recycling materials in the substitution of natural raw materials. Starting from the applied research at laboratory scale, which is able to demonstrate the work feasibility, other important milestones consist of pilot scale production until the proper industrial production. Finally, when all these steps are positively achieved, the practice is consolidated and it is possible to reach the concrete sustainability benefits (social, environmental and economic). The results of an industry driven project that aimed to produce porcelain stoneware tiles containing 85% of recycled materials were selected to show this path. This innovative ceramic product—containing soda-lime scrap glass from urban-separated collection (post-consumer waste) and unfired scrap tiles from industrial ceramic process (pre-consumer waste)—was sintered about 200 °C lower than a traditional porcelain stoneware tile. It maintains high technical performances belonging to class BIa of the International Standard of ceramic tile classification (EN ISO 14411). Moreover, this product fulfils the standard requirements for dry-pressed ceramic tiles with low water absorption (≤0.5%), and it obtained the certification UNI Keymark. The LCA study was also performed and the results showed a significantly lower environmental impact of this innovative product compared to a traditional porcelain stoneware tile.
46
Larsen, Jette Linaa. "Til bords med Marsk Stig – En oversigt over keramikken fra Hjelm." Kuml 52, no. 52 (December 14, 2003): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v52i52.102645.
Full textAbstract:
Dining with Marsk Stig A survey of the Hjelm pottery Potsherds occur frequently in nearly every excavation of a medieval settlement. Working with this abundance of sherds is usually a laborious job, but it is sometimes very rewarding. This was the case when during recent years the small island of Hjelm off the east coast of Jutland was excavated. The Hjelm excavation was published in 2002. However, the pottery is interesting enough to deserve special treatment.The Hjelm pottery stems from the period between 1290, when the castles on Hjelm were built, and 1306, when King Erik Menved captured the island and burnt down the settlement. Consequently, an examination of the Hjelm pottery is important for two reasons: Firstly, because the castles were connected to a certain class, and secondly, because they had a very short lifetime. The amount of pottery found on Hjelm is not large. In all, 854 sherds were found during the excavations of Fyrbakken (the Lighthouse Hill), Kastelbakken (the Citadel Hill), Møntværkstedet (the Mint), and certain areas in the open landscape (fig. 1). The pottery finds consist of glazed jugs for the table, unglazed, grey cooking pots, and a number of colourful, imported jugs for serving and drinking. There are relatively few rim types represented, which may be due to the short lifetime of the castles (fig. 2). The glazed jugs have a plastic decoration of strips, scales, or ‘raspberries’ – all known from a number of other finds (figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6). A visual examination of the fabric indicates that the majority of the domestic pottery was made by potters on the Djursland peninsula. Apart from the domestic pottery, there is a considerable amount of imported white fabric jugs and early stoneware (fig.7), such as polychrome white fabric jugs from Rouen and Saintonge (fig. 8) and early stoneware jugs made in the Rhine and Weser areas (figs. 9 and 10). In view of the dating of the castles, it is interesting that only early stoneware occurs on the island, whereas completely sintered stoneware is absent. This indicates that ‘proper’ stoneware did not reach the area until the early 14th century. The variation within the imported pottery is considerable, with pottery from many different places of origin. This suggests that Marsk Stig (Lord High Constable Stig Andersen) and his men attached importance to the maintenance of a cosmopolitan lifestyle with an emphasis on the pleasures of the table, on status, and on demonstrating power. Jette Linaa LarsenMoesgård MuseumTranslated by Annette Lerche Trolle
47
Kim, Jae Youn. "A review of the relationship between Pyeonggeo-dong site and Sinigai culture of Maritime Province." Yeongnam Archaeological Society, no. 81 (May 30, 2018): 39–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47417/yar.2018.81.39.
Full textAbstract:
It has been discussed that Pyeonggeo-dong site has the Northeastern factor but the characteristics of potteries are closed to the c factor, and the native ‘Pyeonggeodong double-rimmed pottery’ were dominated. However, some potteries of BAL styled pottery as well as pot styled pottery that were characterized by its rim of pottery, made of the same techniques, were found. There are BAL styled pottery and pot styled potteries that were not made with folded rim of pottery and attached clay ribbon. In addition to these potteries, not- doble rimmed pot typed pottery, little pottery, beak styled stoneware, chipped stone hole, polished stone knife, oval pestle, disk styled stoneware, etc. are the main factors found in Sinigai culture of Maritime Province. I believe that the reason why Pyeonggeo-dong is considered as the filiation of the Sinigai culture of Maritime Province is because that Sinigai culture has been not well known. Therefore, I want to review that culture in this paper. Sinigai culture has been studied only for its regional boundary and characteristics. However, it is needed to review the chronological change of the potteries and start period of the culture and then compare to Pyeonggeo-dong site. Sinigai culture can be divided in to two types in each region, the West and East, based on chronological order and artifacts. The West 1 type had lasted from 3,400 to 3,200 years ago when people still used Neolithic potteries and started to make MOOMOON pottery. DOLDAEMOON pottery with pattern neolithic, one handle pottery, big pottery, polished stone dagger, polished stone ax, stoneware shaped star, disk styled stoneware, chipped stone hole, etc. were used at the same timew. The West 2 type lasted from 3,200 to 2,500 years ago. This is dwelling pit of square-shaped fire pot with stone and foundation in HARIN site. DOLDAEMOON pottery with pattern neolithic, pot withwith pattern neolithic on the surface, one handle pottery, BAL styled pottery, pot styled pottery, bottle styled pottery etc. are MOOMOON pottery. There are difference in their types based on the length of rim and neck in pot styled pottery and bottle styled pottery. In terms of the stone tools, there are oval pestle, stoneware shaped arrow, polished stone spear, polished stone knife, disk styled stoneware, chipped stone hole, etc. The East 1 type had lasted from 3,300 to 3,000 years ago. The symbolic potteries of this type are pot styled pottery with folded rim of pottery, BAL styled pottery with attached clay ribbon Knapped stone tools had been continuously used while the ground axe were appeared. The East 2 type lasted from 3,000 to 2,500 years ago. When it comes to dwelling pits, there are 3 rectangular fire pit, with foundation, and 4 lined pillar holes on the ground. notdoble rimmed pot styled pottery and bottle styled pottery are also found. People used various ground stone tools including stone axe, stoneware shaped arrow, stone arrow, polished stone spear, polished stone knife and etc. in addition to the knapped tools. BAL and pot styled pottery of doble rimm wth clay ribon, pot typed pottery with folded rim, and smaller potteries are related to the East 1 type of Sinigai culture. not-doble rimmed pot styled pottery rectangular mano, polished stone knife, chipped stone hole, etc are the factor of the West 2 type of Sinigai culture. Therefore, is can be considered that the material culture of Pyeongggeo-dong is combined with the East 1 type and the West 2 type of Sinigai culture. It is assumed that the Sinigai culture came to the west Gyeongnam Provinec continuouly from about 3,300 years ago until the second type that includes bronze artifacts. On the other hand, Daepyeong site located alongside of the Nam river has Gokok bronze which can be the earlier than Korea Liaoning bronze dagger. It is possible that the Gokok bronze was also a remain of Sinigai culture.
48
M. Al Saffar, Doha, and Bassam A. Tayeh. "Influence of Pottery Clay in Cement Mortar and Concrete Mixture: A Review." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (November 28, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.25852.
Full textAbstract:
Solid generation has brought about numerous natural issues, for example, CO2 discharge. An option eco-accommodating concrete, known as green cement, ought to be investigated. Squander materials from marine waste, ventures, and farming can be reused to deliver green cement. This paper displays a survey of ongoing advancement identified with the attainability of utilizing stoneware earth in solid blend. The report centers around the likelihood of using dirt block squander as fractional substitution for Portland bond in cement and the properties of crisp and solidified concrete, for example, usefulness, thickness, quality, and microstructure. This paper ought to give new data on the uses of greener and supportable stoneware mud concrete. Past investigations showed that the ideal rate for supplanting Portland concrete with earthenware dirt ran somewhere in the range of 10wt% and 30wt%.
49
Figueirêdo, Julliana Marques R. de, Fabiana Pereira da Costa, Jucielle Veras Fernandes, Alisson Mendes Rodrigues, Gelmires de Araújo Neves, Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes, and Lisiane Navarro de Lima Santana. "Development of Scheelite Tailings-Based Ceramic Formulations with the Potential to Manufacture Porcelain Tiles, Semi-Stoneware and Stoneware." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 5122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225122.
Full textAbstract:
New ceramic formulations based on scheelite tailing were developed, and their potential in the ceramic industry was evaluated. Green bodies with different contents of scheelite tailing (0–8 wt%) were sintered (1150 °C, 1200 °C, and 1250 °C) and characterized in terms of the main mineralogical phases, microstructure, and physico-mechanical properties. The mullite was the main phase identified in all sintered temperatures. This result was also ratified with the aid of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, in which small needles of the mullite were detected. The presence of mullite is required because it contributes to increasing the mechanical resistance of the material. The physico-mechanical properties measured (water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, and flexural strength) were compared to the ISO 13006, and the samples sintered at 1150 °C presented potential to be used as semi-stoneware, while those sintered at 1200 °C and 1250 °C can be employed stoneware and porcelain tiles, respectively.
50
Santos, Tiago, Melinda Ramani, Susana Devesa, Catarina Batista, Margarida Franco, Isabel Duarte, Luís Costa, Nelson Ferreira, Nuno Alves, and Paula Pascoal-Faria. "A 3D-Printed Ceramics Innovative Firing Technique: A Numerical and Experimental Study." Materials 16, no. 18 (September 15, 2023): 6236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186236.
Full textAbstract:
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, allows the fabrication of complex parts, which are impossible or very expensive to produce using traditional processes. That is the case for dinnerware and artworks (stoneware, porcelain and clay-based products). After the piece is formed, the greenware is fired at high temperatures so that these pieces gain its mechanical strength and aesthetics. The conventional (gas or resistive heating elements) firing usually requires long heating cycles, presently requiring around 10 h to reach temperatures as high as 1200 °C. Searching for faster processes, 3D-printed stoneware were fired using microwave (MW) radiation. The pieces were fired within 10% of the conventional processing time. The temperature were controlled using a pyrometer and monitored using Process Temperature Control Rings (PTCRs). An error of 1.25% was calculated between the PTCR (1207 ± 15 °C) and the pyrometer (1200 °C). Microwave-fast-fired pieces show similar mechanical strength to the references and to the electrically fast-fired pieces (41, 46 and 34 (N/mm2), respectively), presenting aesthetic features closer to the reference. Total porosities of ~4%, ~5% and ~9% were determined for microwave, electrically fast-fired and reference samples. Numerical studies have shown to be essential to better understand and improve the firing process using microwave radiation. In summary, microwave heating can be employed as an alternative to stoneware conventional firing methods, not compromising the quality and features of the processed pieces, and with gains in the heating time.