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Journal articles on the topic 'Stopwatches'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Heber, Joerg. "Protein stopwatches." Nature Materials 11, no. 3 (February 21, 2012): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat3266.

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2

Velychko, O., S. Shevkun, O. Meshcheriak, and M. Dobroliubova. "Calibration of the Plants for Verification of Stopwatchs." Metrology and instruments, no. 2 (May 3, 2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2019.11-15.

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The method of calibration of plants for verification of stopwatches with the help of the electronic-counting CNT-90 frequency meter is presented. The measurement circuits for verification (calibration) of reference plants for verification (calibration) of stopwatches are given. The device for synchronous start, which is based on the transformation of the motion signal of the moving part of the plant into an electrical signal of direct current using optical sensors, is used in the measuring circuit for calibration plants of mechanical stopwatches, and, the device for synchronous start, which is based on the transformation of the audio signal of an electronic stopwatch into an electrical signal of direct current using microphone, is used in the measuring circuit for calibration plants of electronic stopwatches. An example of the applying of the CNT-90 electronic frequency counter software is provided, which allows you to calculate the verification and calibration results (rejections the measurements of time and instability indexes) in the automatic mode. The calibration model and uncertainty budget for calibration of stopwatches are presented. The components of Type A and B, in accordance with calibration model are recorded when calculating the combined standard uncertainty in the form of standard uncertainties. The components of Type B: standard uncertainty due to the electronic counting frequency meter readings from the nominal value is taken from the calibration certificate of the frequency meter; standard uncertainty due to the drift of an electron-counting frequency meter since its last calibration; standard uncertainty due to the discreteness of indications of the plant indicator; standard uncertainty due to the effect of the device for synchronous start. The method of verification and calibration of installations for verification (calibration) of stopwatches, which are describe in the article, can be used in scientific metrological institutions, state enterprises, metrological services of state bodies, by enterprises and organizations, conformity assessment bodies of measuring instruments and in any other laboratories which have appropriate equipment and required standards.
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3

Flaherty, Francis A. "Interfacing sensors to digital stopwatches." American Journal of Physics 61, no. 3 (March 1993): 278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.17305.

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4

Vinogradova, Natalya, and Larry G. Blaine. "Exploring the Mathematics of Bouncing Balls." Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 3 (October 2010): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.3.0192.

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5

Vinogradova, Natalya, and Larry G. Blaine. "Exploring the Mathematics of Bouncing Balls." Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 3 (October 2010): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.3.0192.

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6

Magnin., Morgan, Pierre Molinaro, and Olivier (H ). Roux. "Expressiveness of Petri Nets with Stopwatches. Dense-time Part." Fundamenta Informaticae 97, no. 1-2 (2009): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2009-194.

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7

Magnin, Morgan, Pierre Molinaro, and Olivier (H ). Roux. "Expressiveness of Petri Nets with Stopwatches. Discrete-time Part." Fundamenta Informaticae 97, no. 1-2 (2009): 139–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2009-195.

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8

Christiansen, Jorgen. "Picosecond Stopwatches: The Evolution of Time-to-Digital Converters." IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine 4, no. 3 (2012): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mssc.2012.2203189.

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9

Dima, Cătălin, and Ruggero Lanotte. "A study on shuffle, stopwatches and independently evolving clocks." Distributed Computing 25, no. 1 (November 20, 2011): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00446-011-0148-2.

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10

Adjir, Noureddine, Pierre de Saqui-Sannes, and Kamel Mustapha Rahmouni. "Conformance Testing of Preemptive Real-Time Systems." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 4, no. 4 (October 2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2013100101.

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The paper presents an approach for model-based black-box conformance testing of preemptive real-time systems using Labeled Prioritized Time Petri Nets with Stopwatches (LPrSwTPN). These models not only specify system/environment interactions and time constraints. They further enable modelling of suspend/resume operations in real-time systems. The test specification used to generate test primitives, to check the correctness of system responses and to draw test verdicts is an LPrSwTPN made up of two concurrent sub-nets that respectively specify the system under test and its environment. The algorithms used in the TINA model analyzer have been extended to support concurrent composed subnets. Relativized stopwatch timed input/output conformance serves as the notion of implementation correctness, essentially timed trace inclusion taking environment assumptions into account. Assuming the modelled systems are non deterministic and partially observable, the paper proposes a test generation and execution algorithm which is based on symbolic techniques and implements an online testing policy and outputs test results for the (part of the) selected environment.
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11

Ledford, Christy J. W. "Stopwatches and Click Boxes: The Intersection of Scientific Management and Family Medicine." Family Medicine 50, no. 2 (February 2, 2018): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2018.259520.

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12

Berthomieu, Bernard, Didier Lime, Olivier H. Roux, and François Vernadat. "Reachability Problems and Abstract State Spaces for Time Petri Nets with Stopwatches." Discrete Event Dynamic Systems 17, no. 2 (January 25, 2007): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10626-006-0011-y.

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13

Orobets, I., and V. Shevchenko. "Device for Generating and Measuring Time Intervals." Metrology and instruments, no. 4 (September 7, 2019): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.31-33.

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The article suggests a device that extends the functionality of the measuring devices such as generators and frequency meters. So these devices can be used as part of working standards in a complex for verification and calibrating stopwatches. The device consists of an electronic commutator and a component controlled by a microcontroller, which forms the required intervals of time and provides a necessary connection from the generator output to the frequency counter input, turned on in the pulse counting mode. The control signal simultaneously arrives at the commutator and the device for automatic start/stop of stopwatches. The circuit design of the device allows minimizing the device’s influence on the overall metrological characteristics of the complex through the use of a high-speed controlled M74HC125 buffer (high-speed CMOS QUAD BUFFER (3-STATE)) as a switch. The M74HC125 buffer in this device is the only metrologically significant node; the state switching time of which in the aspect of this task can be ignored (Fig. 3). A computer and standard software, such as HyperTerminal from the Windows XP or PuTTY distribution, are used to control and communicate with the device. The device can be connected to the computer via USB. For laboratories that have these instruments in operation, this approach can help to avoid acquisitions of the additional reference equipment, which helps to reduce the maintenance and calibration costs of reference equipment.
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14

Tsui, C. M., Y. K. Yan, and H. M. Chan. "Calibration of Stopwatches by Utilizing High Speed Video Recordings and a Synchronous Counter." NCSLI Measure 6, no. 3 (September 2011): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315775.2011.11721566.

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15

Magnin, Morgan, Didier Lime, and Olivier (H ). Roux. "An Efficient Method for Computing Exact State Space of Petri Nets With Stopwatches." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 144, no. 3 (February 2006): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2006.01.005.

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16

Hetzler, Ronald K., Christopher D. Stickley, Kelly M. Lundquist, and Iris F. Kimura. "Reliability and Accuracy of Handheld Stopwatches Compared With Electronic Timing in Measuring Sprint Performance." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 22, no. 6 (November 2008): 1969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e318185f36c.

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17

Bandodkar, Amay J., Jungil Choi, Stephen P. Lee, William J. Jeang, Prophecy Agyare, Philipp Gutruf, Siqing Wang, et al. "Soft, Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Passive Galvanic Stopwatches for Precise Chronometric Sampling of Sweat." Advanced Materials 31, no. 32 (June 17, 2019): 1902109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201902109.

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18

Nápoles, Jessica, and Angel M. Vázquez-Ramos. "Perceptions of Time Spent in Teacher Talk." Journal of Research in Music Education 60, no. 4 (October 19, 2012): 452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429412463246.

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The purpose of this study was to examine and compare self-estimates, peer estimates, and actual time preservice teachers spent talking in rehearsal. Participants ( N = 32) conducted a short choral rehearsal and estimated their teacher talk (expressed as a percentage of total rehearsal time). Their peers also reported estimates, and the researchers took data on actual time. Later, participants observed themselves on video and used stopwatches to compute teacher talk percentages on the same session. Participants then conducted a second rehearsal and again estimated their teacher talk percentage. Results indicated that by the second rehearsal, participants reduced their teacher talk by about half, and their estimates became closer to actual time. Significant differences were discovered between all estimates from the first rehearsal and the second rehearsal. Self-analysis through videotapes appears to be a useful tool for reducing teacher talk and increasing estimation accuracy.
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19

Oliveira, Adriana Elisa Carcereri de, Adrielle Barbosa Machado, Edson Duque dos Santos, and Érika Bicalho de Almeida. "Alarm fatigue and the implications for patient safety." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, no. 6 (December 2018): 3035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0481.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the response time of health professionals before sound alarm activation and the implications for patient safety. Method: This is a quantitative and observational research conducted in an Adult Intensive Care Unit of a teaching hospital. Three researchers conducted non-participant observations for seven hours. Data collection occurred simultaneously in 20 beds during the morning shift. When listening the alarm activation, the researchers turned on the stopwatches and recorded the motive, the response time and the professional conduct. During collection, the unit had 90% of beds occupied and teams were complete. Result: We verified that from the 103 equipment activated, 66.03% of alarms fatigued. Nursing was the professional category that most provided care (31.06%) and the multi-parameter monitor was the device that alarmed the most (66.09%). Conclusion: Results corroborate the absence or delay of the response of teams, suggesting that relevant alarms might have been underestimated, compromising patient safety.
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20

Jasaitis, Dainius, and Aloyzas Girgždys. "HOURLY MEASUREMENT METHOD FOR RADON PROGENY VOLUMETRIC ACTIVITY IN AIR." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2007): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2007.9636924.

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A method of radon progeny volumetric activity hourly measurement in air was created. A radiometer, which measures the activity of a filter band through which air is sucked, was installed in a hermetic metal frame. Radiometer data was recorded and sent to the computer. The time of suction and the time for the filter band to turn were programmed by electronic stopwatches. This created an opportunity to estimate the hours for self‐contained measurement and to leave the device in a room for any time. This hourly measurement method measured radon and radon progeny volumetric activity and evaluated its change and dependency on meteorological parameters. The radon progeny volumetric activity value varies from 62 Bq/m3 (in the cellar) to 27 Bq/m3 (on the second floor) in the ventilated air, and from 273 Bq/m3 (in the cellar) to 149 Bq/m3 (on the second floor) in the unaired room. The values in the ventilated air and in the unaired rooms differ approximately 4–5 times. It is also determined that volumetric activity depends on wind intensity, temperature and humidity.
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21

Hussein, Niarz J. "Using Eye and Nasal Temperatures to Measure Positive Emotions in Free-Range Hamdani Sheep." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2018.96.

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The present study was designed to measure both eye and nasal temperatures by stroking the animals’ body to determine positive emotional state in free-range Hamdani ewes. Twenty Hamdani ewes, aging 2-4 years, were used in this study. Focal sampling was used to collect data. Data were collected from both nose and eyes of animals. A total of 1680 temperature data, an average of 84 data from each ewe, were collected from all twenty ewes throughout the study. Ewes were stroked at the forehead, withers and neck for five minutes, temperature data were collected twice before, twice during and twice after stroking for both eyes and nose. Results revealed that there was a significant difference in eye temperature (P<0.01) as well as nasal temperature (P<0.05) between the three stages. Both eye and nasal temperatures were decreasing over time. In addition, the mean eye and nasal temperatures for all stopwatches were highly correlated (r = 0.94). From this study it could be concluded that peripheral (eye and nose) temperatures offer a useful understanding of changes in emotional valence in ewes.
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22

Chung, Hyunjin, Ik-Hwan Kim, Seong-Oh Kim, Jaeho Lee, and Koeun Lee. "A Study on Visual Exploration of Children and Adolescents during Dental Treatment." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 47, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2020.47.1.9.

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The aim of this study is to investigate visual exploration of children and adolescents during dental treatment by examining time ratio of eye opening in various age groups.<br/>This study reviewed 5 - 15 year-old patients who visited the department of pediatric dentistry of Yonsei University Dental Hospital from March to October 2018. Restorative treatment or sealant application was done by one pediatric dentist. A trained observer used 2 stopwatches to measure total treatment time and time of open eye. Average ratios of eye opening were calculated and compared.<br/>60 patients were investigated, with 15 patients in each age group. Average ratio of eye opening increased as age decreased (<i>p</i> < .001). The average of 13 - 15 year-olds was significantly shorter than that of children younger than 12 years (<i>p</i> < .005).<br/>This study indicated that children have higher rates of eye opening during dental treatment than adolescents.
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23

Haake, Steve, Helen Quirk, and Alice Bullas. "The Role of Technology in Promoting Physical Activity: A Case-Study of parkrun." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049080.

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Around a third of people worldwide are physically inactive, causing 3.2 million deaths each year. People often use wearables and smartphone trackers to motivate them to be active, but there is evidence to show that use of these trackers declines quickly, often within weeks. One intervention that appears to successfully motivate people to be active is parkrun, a free, weekly timed 5 km run or walk every Saturday morning. The system used by parkrun is surprisingly low-tech: it uses printable barcodes, stopwatches and scanners, and the internet. A survey of 60,694 parkrun participants showed that levels of self-reported physical activity increased following participation in parkrun, especially for those with previously low levels of activity. Nine out of ten reported feeling a sense of personal achievement and improvements to fitness and physical health since starting parkrun. Based on a taxonomy of behaviour change interventions, the technology used by parkrun was shown to incorporate at least seven techniques that inform and encourage parkrunners. It is concluded that physical activity technologies should not be central to an intervention, rather, they should enhance interventions where behaviour change takes precedence.
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24

OGUNLEYE, BAMIKOLE OLUDARE, and Oluwasogo Ruth Ojo. "Impact of physical fitness activities on students’ Basic Science achievement in selected Nigerian secondary schools." ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol3.iss2.145.

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Poor student achievement in science is a global challenge. Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 4 targeting people’s well-being and quality education as well as previous studies linking physical exercises to improved student memory and increased concentration become relevant. This study, therefore, determined the impact of physical fitness activities on students’ Basic Science achievement. The study adopted pretest, posttest, control group quasi-experimental design. Participants included 125 JS2 students from six schools in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Instruments used were stadiometer, gymnasium mats, medicine balls, skipping ropes, cones, stopwatches, weighing scale and Achievement Test in Basic Science (r=.84). The experimental group was exposed to selected science concepts and physical fitness activities simultaneously while the control group was only taught the concepts. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and Analysis of Covariance. Physical fitness activities had significant effect on students’ achievement (F(1,124)=347.12; P<.05). The experimental group scored higher (x̄=62.58) than control (x̄=53.76). Gender also had significant effect on achievement (F(1,124)=147.89; P<.05) with males performing better (x̄=61.04) than females (x̄=55.29). The interaction effect of treatment and gender on students’ achievement was not significant (F(1,124)=.08; P>.05). Physical fitness activities boosted students’ achievement in Basic Science. Physical fitness activities should, therefore, be implemented in schools.
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25

Harvie, David, and Massimo De Angelis. "'Cognitive Capitalism' and the Rat-Race: How Capital Measures Immaterial Labour in British Universities." Historical Materialism 17, no. 3 (2009): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146544609x12469428108420.

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AbstractOne hundred years ago, Frederick Taylor and the pioneers of scientific management went into battle on US factory-floors. Armed with stopwatches and clipboards, they were fighting a war over measure. A century on and capitalist production has spread far beyond the factory walls and the confines of 'national economies'. Although capitalism increasingly seems to rely on 'cognitive' and 'immaterial' forms of labour and social cooperation, the war over measure continues. Armies of economists, statisticians, management-scientists, information-specialists, accountants and others are engaged in a struggle to connect heterogeneous concrete human activities on the basis of equal quantities of human labour in the abstract – that is, to link work and capitalist value. In this paper, we discuss contemporary capital's attempt to (re)impose the 'law of value' through its measuring of immaterial labour. Using the example of higher education in the UK – a 'frontline' of capitalist development – as our case-study, we explain how measuring takes places on various 'self-similar' levels of social organisation. We suggest that such processes are both diachronic and synchronic: socially-necessary labour-times of 'immaterial doings' are emerging and being driven down at the same time as heterogeneous concrete activities are being made commensurable. Alongside more overt attacks on academic freedom, it is in this way that neoliberalism appears on campus.
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26

Faux, Karen, and Claire Hewson. "ReviewsTop Class Punctuation - Year 3 Written by John Murray Hopscotch Books ISBN: 9781909860179 Cost: £21A Beginner's Guide to the Periodic Table By Gill Arbuthnott, illustrated by Marc Mones A& C Black ISBN: 9781472 908858 Cost: £8.99Ultimate Rechargeable Stopwatches TTS http://www.tts-group.co.uk/shops/tts/Products/PD3030189/Rechargeable-Ultimate-Stopwatches/ Tel: 0800 138 1370." Primary Teacher Update 2014, no. 37 (October 2, 2014): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prtu.2014.1.37.66.

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27

Fleming, Susannah, Peter Gill, Caroline Jones, James A. Taylor, Ann Van den Bruel, Carl Heneghan, and Matthew Thompson. "Validity and reliability of measurement of capillary refill time in children: a systematic review." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, no. 3 (September 26, 2014): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307079.

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BackgroundMost guidelines recommend the use of capillary refill time (CRT) as part of the routine assessment of unwell children, but there is little consensus on the optimum method of measurement and cut-off time.MethodsWe searched Medline (from 1948), Embase (from 1980) and CINAHL (from 1991) to June 2014 to identify studies with information on the normal range of CRT in healthy children, the validity of CRT compared with reference standard measures of haemodynamic status, reliability and factors influencing measurement of CRT, such as body site, pressing time and temperature.FindingsWe included 21 studies on 1915 children. Four studies provided information on the relationship between CRT and measures of cardiovascular status, 13 provided data on the normal range of CRT, 7 provided data on reliability and 10 assessed the effect of various confounding factors. In children over 7 days of age, the upper limit of normal CRT is approximately 2 s when measured on a finger, and 4 s when measured on the chest or foot, irrespective of whether the child is feverish or not. Longer pressing times and ambient temperature outside 20°C–25°C are associated with longer CRT. Evidence suggests that the use of stopwatches reduces variability between observers.InterpretationWe recommend use of the following standardised CRT method of measurement: press on the finger for 5 s using moderate pressure at an ambient temperature of 20°C–25°C. A capillary refill time of 3 s or more should be considered abnormal.
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28

Lagozin, A. Yu, Ju N. Shebeko, P. A. Leonchuk, B. A. Klementiev, and D. A. Samoshin. "Experimental Study of the Processes of Evacuation and Rescue of People in Case of Fire from the Pipe Rack of the Technological Line of the Gas Processing Plant." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 6 (June 2021): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-6-69-74.

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To meet the requirements of Federal Law № 123-FZ dated July 22, 2008 «Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements», it is required to determine the estimated time of people evacuation and rescue from the hazardous production facility. To solve this problem, an experimental study of the processes of people evacuation and rescue from the structure of the real gas processing plant was conducted. Evacuation and rescue were carried out from the sections of the pipe rack most remote from the exits from it. The ways for the evacuation and rescue included both horizontal parts and stairs. Rescue was carried out using special stretchers, in which there was a dummy imitating an injured person. The time of evacuation and rescue was determined when moving both down and up, which can take place at the enterprises of the oil and gas industry. The time of movement in different sections was determined by the stopwatches. Based on the measured time and the parameters of the sections along which the movement took place, the movement speeds during evacuation and rescue were found. The evacuation experiments involved untrained people, while the rescue experiments involved professional rescuers. The average movement speeds in the evacuation simulation were as follows: down the stair — 100 m/min, up — 44 m/min, along the horizontal section — 193 m/min. The average movement speeds with a victim during the simulation of rescue were the following: down the stair —22 m/min, up —16 m/min, along the horizontal path — 102 m/min.
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29

Li, Peng, Debin Gao, and Michael K. Reiter. "StopWatch." ACM Transactions on Information and System Security 17, no. 2 (November 17, 2014): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2670940.

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30

Grizzard, Phil. "Stopwatch Date." Math Horizons 7, no. 3 (February 2000): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10724117.2000.11975114.

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31

Osborne, I., and J. Yeston. "The Electron Stopwatch." Science 317, no. 5839 (August 10, 2007): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.317.5839.765.

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32

Kling, Matthias, and Ferenc Krausz. "An attosecond stopwatch." Nature Physics 4, no. 7 (July 2008): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys1005.

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33

Reiter, Amanda S., Craig C. Sheaffer, M. Scotty Wells, Amanda M. Grev, Marcia A. Hathaway, Bill Lazarus, and Krishona Martinson. "Effect of Alfalfa Cultivar and Bale Wrap Type on Dry Matter and Forage Quality of Large Round Bales in Outdoor Storage." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 36, no. 6 (2020): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13799.

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HighlightsTime to bind a round bale was longest for twine (56 s) compared to B-Wrap® (28 s) and net wrap (18 s).Alfalfa cultivar had minimal effects on changes in dry matter and forage quality of round bales stored outdoors.Dry matter losses were 7% for twine bales, 5% for net wrap bales, while B-Wrap® bales maintained DM in outdoor storage.Deleterious changes in forage quality were generally observed after =180 days of outdoor storage. Abstract. Large round bales are commonly fed to livestock; however, it has been well documented that outdoor storage can negatively impact dry matter (DM) and forage quality. To reduce storage losses and improve feeding value, new wrap types and alfalfa cultivars have been developed; however, these options have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate the time required to bind large round bales, determine changes in DM and forage quality, and examine the economics of reduced-lignin and conventional alfalfa hay bound in twine, net wrap, and B-Wrap® while in outdoor storage. Hay was baled into 24 large round bales; 12 bales each of reduced-lignin and conventional alfalfa. Within each cultivar, four replicates were bound with each wrap type. Using stopwatches, the time to bind each bale was recorded. At the time of harvest, and every 90±3 days for 365 days, individual bales were weighed and cored to determine changes in DM and forage quality. Significance was set at P = 0.05. Time to bind a bale was longest for twine, intermediate for B-Wrap®, and shortest for net wrap (P &lt; 0.01). Alfalfa cultivar had minimal effects on the parameters measured; therefore, the interaction between wrap type and storage length was reported. After 365 days in outdoor storage, DM losses were 7% for twine bales, 5% for net wrap bales, while B-Wrap® bales maintained DM. Changes in forage quality were observed at =180 days of storage where nonstructural carbohydrates were decreased and insoluble fiber components were concentrated. B-Wrap® bales had a higher value compared to net wrap and twines bales at 180 and 270 days in storage. These results suggest that B-Wrap® was better able to shed precipitation which preserved forage quality and bale value compared to large round bales bound in net wrap and twine in long term, outdoor storage. Keywords: B-Wrap®, Bale value, Net wrap, Reduced-lignin alfalfa, Twine.
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34

Morell, V. "Neuroscience: Setting a Biological Stopwatch." Science 271, no. 5251 (February 16, 1996): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.271.5251.905.

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35

Wootton, Allen. "A stopwatch-based photogate timer." Physics Teacher 38, no. 7 (October 2000): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1324526.

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36

Gibson, C. Michael. "The sundial and the stopwatch." American Heart Journal 138, no. 4 (October 1999): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8703(99)70173-0.

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37

Ganci, Alessio, and Salvatore Ganci. "Stopwatch provides low-cost training." Physics Education 44, no. 2 (February 23, 2009): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/44/2/f02.

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38

 . "1513 Stopwatch Blijft In Thuiszorg." Zorg en Financiering 8, no. 10 (October 2009): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03099182.

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39

Grudzinsky, S. O., and V. N. Odnoralov. "Impulse Conditioner for Verification (Calibration) of Digital Electronic Stopwatch-Timers." Metrology and instruments, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(1)2020.27-29.

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New upgraded device for digital electronic stopwatch-timers calibration has been developed and researched. Real value of quartz resonator frequency has been measured. New device provides the stopwatch-timers calibration of various models for any frequency spectrum. The device enables to shorten the time for calibration and to reduce the calibration uncertainty. Control procedure for main digital stopwatch-timers characteristics has been described. The procedure doesn’t contain any handmade operations depended on operator reaction. Already there are no necessity to use any mechanic device for start/stop of stopwatch-timers.
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40

Ghenai, Afifa, Hadjer Slimani, and Mohamed Benmohammed. "SaNTEA: Stopwatch Petri Net Based Tool for Embedded Systems Analysis." International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 6, no. 4 (2014): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2014.v6.882.

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41

Bohannon, Richard W. "Stopwatch for Measuring Thumb-Movement Time." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 1 (August 1995): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.1.211.

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The feasibility of using a stopwatch to measure thumb-movement time was examined. The measurements, which did not differ significantly between the nondominant and dominant hands, possessed high intrasession reliability. The measurements discriminated between 19 apparently healthy individuals and 19 older patients with a variety of diagnoses.
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42

Travis, J. "Biological Stopwatch Found in the Brain." Science News 149, no. 7 (February 17, 1996): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3979950.

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43

Gingl, Z., and K. Kopasz. "A high-resolution stopwatch for cents." Physics Education 46, no. 4 (June 29, 2011): 430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/46/4/009.

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44

Pearce, James. "Stopwatch fluorescence: keeping time with DsRed." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0004(01)01923-5.

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45

Bauer, Nanette, Ralf Huuck, and Ben Lukoschus. "A STOPWATCH SEMANTICS FOR HYBRID CONTROLLERS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 35, no. 1 (2002): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20020721-6-es-1901.00559.

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46

Heidari, Parisa, and Hanifa Boucheneb. "Controller Synthesis of Time Petri Nets Using Stopwatch." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/970487.

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Scheduling is often a difficult task specially in complex systems. Few tools are targeted at both modeling and scheduling of the systems. In controller synthesis, a scheduler is seen as a controller to manage shared resources and timing requirements of a system. This paper proposes a time Petri net-based approach for controller synthesis and finding a scheduler using stopwatch. The solution suggested here is particularly interesting for preemptive scheduling purposes. This paper deals with time Petri nets with controllable and uncontrollable transitions and assumes that a controllable transition can be suspended and retrieved when necessary. In fact, the paper supposes that every controllable transition can be associated with stopwatch. With this hypothesis, the objective is to model a system by time Petri nets and calculate subintervals where the system violates the given property. Then, the controller associates the corresponding controllable transitions with stopwatch to suspend them in their bad subintervals. The interesting advantage of this solution is that this approach synthesizes an ordinary time Petri net model before adding stopwatch. Therefore, complicated computations and overapproximations required during controller synthesis of time Petri nets associated with stopwatch are avoided.
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47

Ananthaswamy, Anil. "Best stopwatch is powered by quantum jiggles." New Scientist 238, no. 3180 (June 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(18)30960-6.

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48

Koser, Eric J. "TI-TIMER: A solution to Stopwatch frustration." Physics Teacher 36, no. 6 (September 1998): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.880102.

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Choi, Chul-Jae, Do-Moon Kim, and Tae-Hee Lee. "Remote control stopwatch development using ATmega8 processor." Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2014): 1043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13067/jkiecs.2014.9.9.1043.

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50

Gardner, R. J., and P. C. Senanayake. "Viscometer timer using low‐cost electronic stopwatch." Review of Scientific Instruments 57, no. 12 (December 1986): 3129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138953.

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